Adaptive repetition transmission combining in wireless communication systems

Abstract

A computer-implemented method for adaptive uplink repetition transmission combining in a wireless communication system implemented by a base station, the method comprising: calculating, by a processor, a predefined threshold value prior to receiving a plurality of repeated uplink transmissions based on instructions stored in a memory; receiving, by a transceiver, the plurality of repeated uplink transmissions within a transmission time interval; estimating an equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each uplink repeated transmission as it arrives; comparing the equalized SNR to the predefined threshold value based on a quality history of the user, context parameters, delay requirements, and network load; skipping, by a selective combining controller, uplink repeated transmissions with an equalized SNR below the predefined threshold value and selectively combining uplink repeated transmissions with an equalized SNR above the predefined threshold value; and decoding the selected combined uplink repeated transmissions.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] not applicable. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for uplink repetitions in wireless communication. Specifically, this invention provides a method and apparatus for selectively merging uplink repetitions in real time in a wireless communication system based on a predefined quality threshold. Background Technology

[0004] In 5G NR, retransmission of the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) is primarily introduced as a coverage enhancement mechanism, particularly suitable for cell-edge users, deep indoor user equipment (UEs), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication services. Under the retransmission configuration, the UE transmits multiple identical copies of the same data on tightly coupled time resources. The base station (gNB) receives these retransmissions and performs soft combining (e.g., maximum ratio combining) before decoding. Theoretically, combining more retransmissions can improve reliability.

[0005] Traditional gNB receivers implicitly assume that all retransmissions are of comparable quality and that each retransmission contributes positively to decoding. Essentially, gNB hardware has sufficient memory and processing power. However, retransmissions may experience different channel conditions. Some retransmissions may have extremely low signal-to-noise ratios, potentially leading to decoding failure. Nevertheless, the receiver still performs equalization on each retransmission, stores soft symbols in memory, and performs combining operations indiscriminately.

[0006] For example, International Publication No. WO2023216025A1 discloses a User Equipment (UE) including a transceiver and a processor. The UE receives configuration information from a base station, including radio conditions (e.g., signal quality thresholds) that trigger the suspension or resumption of conditional PUSCH skipping. The UE evaluates these conditions and enables / disables the skipping function accordingly, possibly in conjunction with PUSCH retransmission. This supports dynamic grant (DG) and configured grant (CG) transmissions, with the base station determining the conditions based on the UE's measurement reports. However, notifying the UE to skip retransmissions can lead to increased signaling overhead between the UE and the network. Since the radio environment may change faster than network signaling latency, this signaling may become outdated. This problem is particularly significant in this invention because frequent signaling communication and reconfiguration of UE retransmission patterns incur substantial overhead, making this scheme unsuitable for scenarios with high UE density.

[0007] US Patent No. US12069691B2 discloses a method for early termination of downlink channel repetitive transmissions, early termination of uplink channel repetitive transmissions, and / or multi-beam determination for repetitive transmissions. In this patent, in the downlink, the user equipment (UE) receives an authorization specifying a first number of repetitions. After attempting to decode a second (fewer) number of repetitions, if decoding is successful, it selectively sends a HARQ acknowledgment (ACK), prompting the gNB to indicate termination of the remaining repetitions via a dedicated downlink control information (DCI) bit or a subsequent authorization. In the uplink, the gNB decodes part of the repetitive transmissions and issues an early termination indication to the UE (e.g., an inverted new data indicator in the DCI), thereby stopping further transmissions. However, when the number of repetitions is small, early termination is impractical due to network latency. This problem is particularly evident in this invention because if repetitive transmissions occur in consecutive time slots, the receiver still must decode all repetitive transmissions before sending the first ACK to the transmitter, thus the decoding complexity is not reduced.

[0008] Similarly, US Patent No. US11722250B2 allows the UE to monitor uplink channel quality during the initial uplink retransmission. If conditions indicate that a transport block has been successfully received, the network can send a cancellation signal after early successful decoding, using mechanisms such as a new grant with a new data indicator (NDI=1) or a dedicated cancellation downlink control information (DCI). This invention allows for the use of DCI to signal early termination to the transmitter due to network latency, because the dedicated cancellation DCI may arrive after the UE has sent all retransmissions. When retransmissions occur in consecutive time slots, the receiver still must decode all retransmissions before sending feedback to the transmitter, thus the decoding complexity is not reduced.

[0009] In addition to the above, US Patent Application No. US20220124795A1 primarily relies on network-triggered early termination using Downlink Control Information (DCI). The User Equipment (UE) sends repeated uplink data transmissions and monitors the PDCCH for DCI indications to terminate the repeated transmissions early. This invention lacks a low-latency, UE-autonomous mechanism to skip or stop repeated transmissions, instead relying on network-driven signaling. This leads to problems such as latency, signaling overhead, and limited efficiency when repeated transmission intervals are short. Therefore, it cannot significantly reduce decoding complexity or signaling load, especially in intensive or time-critical scenarios.

[0010] US Patent Application No. US20240298323 discloses a mechanism for early termination of repetitive transmissions by pre-scheduling resources for termination signaling in the transmission plan. This allows user equipment (UE) or the network to send and receive termination indications within reserved time slots without relying on feedback after all repetitive transmissions have completed. However, network-driven early termination mechanisms for repetitive transmissions present several challenges. When the number of repetitive transmissions is small or occurs in consecutive time slots, signaling instructing the UE or transmitter to stop transmission often becomes ineffective due to network latency, as control messages may arrive too late. This reliance on feedback (whether via acknowledgment (ACK) messages or data control indications (DCI)) increases signaling overhead and adds complexity to both the UE and the network.

[0011] This will put significant resource pressure on gNBs. Base stations lack a mechanism that can selectively discard low-quality duplicate transmissions in advance without buffering all duplicate transmissions, while maintaining decoding reliability and reducing processing complexity. Therefore, a new algorithm is needed that is based on a predefined quality threshold, can selectively merge uplink duplicate transmissions in real time, and achieves a good balance between complexity and decoding performance. Summary of the Invention

[0012] One object of the present invention is to provide a base station having an adaptive mechanism that can select uplink retransmissions as early as possible based on quality by selectively discarding low-quality uplink retransmissions in wireless communication.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a base station that can efficiently utilize resources when handling multiple uplink repetitive transmissions, so as to maintain the reliability of wireless communication and reduce processing complexity.

[0014] Therefore, these objectives can be achieved by following the teachings of this invention. This invention relates to a computer implementation method for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a wireless communication system, implemented by a base station. The method includes: a processor calculating a predefined threshold based on instructions stored in memory before receiving multiple uplink repetitive transmissions; a transceiver receiving the multiple repetitive uplink transmissions within a transmission time interval; estimating the post-equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the arrival of each uplink repetitive transmission; comparing the post-equalization SNR with the predefined threshold based on the user's quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load; skipping uplink repetitive transmissions with a post-equalization SNR below the predefined threshold and selectively combining uplink repetitive transmissions with a post-equalization SNR above the predefined threshold via a selective combining controller; and decoding the selected combined uplink repetitive transmissions.

[0015] These objectives can also be achieved by following the teachings of this invention, which relates to an apparatus for adaptive uplink repeat transmission combining in a base station wireless communication system. The apparatus includes: a transceiver configured to receive repeating uplink transmissions and perform equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation for each repeating uplink transmission; a selective combining controller configured to selectively skip repeating transmissions with low SNR and combine the remaining repeating uplink transmissions; and a memory storing instructions for threshold calculation and uplink repeating transmission selection, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause one or more processors to perform the following operations: calculate a predefined threshold before receiving a plurality of repeating uplink transmissions; receive the plurality of repeating uplink transmissions within a transmission time interval; estimate the equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each repeating uplink transmission upon arrival; compare the equalization SNR with the predefined threshold; skip uplink repeating transmissions with an equalization SNR lower than the predefined threshold and selectively combine uplink repeating transmissions with an equalization SNR higher than the predefined threshold; and then decode the selected combined uplink repeating transmissions.

[0016] These objectives can also be achieved by following the teachings of this invention, which relates to an apparatus for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a base station wireless communication system. The apparatus includes: a threshold calculation module configured to derive a reference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by adjusting multiple parameters to generate a predefined threshold; an SNR estimation and comparison logic module configured to estimate the equalized SNR and compare it with the predefined threshold; and a selective combining controller configured to combine or skip uplink repetitive transmissions based on the estimated and compared equalized SNR. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The features of the present invention will be more readily understood and appreciated by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0018] Figure 1 The overall process of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 The process of the base station performing threshold calculation and decision-making for PUSCH is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 The process of the base station performing threshold calculation and decision-making for PUCCH is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate explanation and understanding of the principles of the present invention, reference is now made to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and the written description below. It should be understood that the present invention includes any modifications and alterations to the illustrated embodiments, as well as further applications of the principles of the invention that would normally occur to those skilled in the art.

[0022] This invention discloses a computer-implemented method 100 for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a wireless communication system, implemented by a base station. The method 100 includes: a processor calculating a predefined threshold based on instructions stored in memory before receiving multiple repetitive uplink transmissions; a transceiver receiving the multiple repetitive uplink transmissions within a transmission time interval; estimating the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) upon arrival of each repetitive uplink transmission; comparing the equalized SNR with the predefined threshold based on the user's quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load; skipping uplink repetitive transmissions with an equalized SNR lower than the predefined threshold and selectively combining uplink repetitive transmissions with an equalized SNR higher than the predefined threshold using a selective combining controller; and decoding the selected combined uplink repetitive transmissions. Figure 1 An overview of the invention is shown.

[0023] More specifically, this invention provides a method that differs from existing solutions in that it enables selective combining at the receiver (gNB) without requiring sender signaling or full buffering. This method addresses drawbacks such as overhead, latency, and resource waste by using pre-calculated dynamic thresholds for real-time decision-making, combined with channel prediction, historical data, and contextual information. Unlike existing solutions that terminate via feedback (e.g., ACK / DCI), this method avoids network latency issues and immediately saves resources.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the predefined threshold further includes: initiating and evaluating uplink physical channel conditions for channel quality measurement; defining a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reference value for each channel transmission; estimating and recording the equalized SNR value for each transmission through the base station; constructing a set of recorded SNR values; determining the standard deviation of the set of recorded SNR values; and determining a temporary threshold based on the Doppler spread measured by the base station.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of initializing and estimating the uplink physical channel conditions for channel quality measurement further includes: initializing and estimating the channel conditions of the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of defining the signal-to-noise ratio reference value for each channel transmission further includes: defining the signal-to-noise ratio reference value based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the PUSCH transmission; and defining the signal-to-noise ratio reference value for the PUCCH transmission based on the PUCCH format associated with the PUCCH transmission.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining a temporary threshold based on Doppler spread estimation by the base station further includes: if the latency requirement is stringent, adjusting the weight of the latency requirement to lower the threshold to include more uplink duplicate transmissions; or, if the network load is high, adjusting the weight of the network load to raise the threshold to actively skip low-quality uplink duplicate transmissions.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining a temporary threshold based on the Doppler spread estimation by the base station further includes: comparing the sum of the weighted target signal-to-noise ratio, the weighted historical variance, and the weighted most recent signal-to-noise ratio to obtain an updated threshold T.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the updated threshold T is further calculated using the following formula: =(α SNR LA +(1- ) SNR -1 +β ) (1+ - ) In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of comparing the balanced SNR with a predefined threshold based on user quality history, context parameters, latency requirements and network load is as follows: if the balanced SNR is greater than the threshold, then the duplicate uplink transmission data is stored and merged; otherwise, the duplicate transmission data with low SNR is skipped and discarded directly without buffering. Figure 2 An example flow for merging and discarding uplink duplicate transmissions related to PUSCH is shown, while Figure 3 An example flow for merging and discarding uplink duplicate transmissions related to PUCCH is shown.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, method 100 further includes: periodically updating the threshold based on real-time network conditions and CQI feedback.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, method 100 further includes: calculating a threshold by combining a prediction adjustment using weighted coefficients.

[0032] The present invention also discloses an apparatus for adaptive uplink repeat transmission combining in a base station wireless communication system. The apparatus includes: a transceiver configured to receive repeating uplink transmissions and perform equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation for each repeating uplink transmission; a selective combining controller configured to selectively skip repeating transmissions with low SNR and combine the remaining repeating uplink transmissions; and a memory storing instructions for threshold calculation and uplink repeating transmission selection, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: calculate a predefined threshold before receiving multiple repeating uplink transmissions; receive the multiple repeating uplink transmissions within a transmission time interval; estimate the equalization SNR of each repeating uplink transmission upon arrival; compare the equalization SNR with the predefined threshold based on the user's quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load; skip uplink repeating transmissions with an equalization SNR lower than the predefined threshold and selectively combine uplink repeating transmissions with an equalization SNR higher than the predefined threshold; and then decode the selected combined uplink repeating transmissions.

[0033] In one embodiment of the invention, the selected merged uplink duplicate transmissions are further configured to ensure performance close to that of a fully merged transmission, but with lower complexity.

[0034] In one embodiment of the invention, the device includes a Doppler extension configured to provide an adjustment function, wherein the larger the Doppler extension, the lower the weight of the historical variance.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention, the base station applies weighted merging to uplink duplicate transmissions that reach or exceed a threshold.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the base station is configured to handle uplink transmission repetitions from the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

[0037] The calculation and decision-making process of PUSCH and PUCCH will be further explained below: PUSCH 1. A dynamic threshold pre-calculated on the gNB before repeated transmissions arrive: 1.1. Define the reference signal-to-noise ratio: SNR = α SNR LA + (1 - ) SNR -1 in 1.1.1. SNR LAThis is the default target signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in this PUSCH, which can be found in the link adaptation table; 1.1.2. SNR -1 It is the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the previous repeated transmission (if this repeated transmission is the first transmission, then SNR is...). -1 = 0).

[0038] 1.1.3. 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 is used to balance the statistic SNR. -1 and experience value SNR -1 The weight of the transmission. (If this repeated transmission is the first transmission, then α = 1).

[0039] 2. At the upper layer, the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PUSCH user is recorded for each transmission since the UE connects to the current cell. This set of SNR values ​​is expressed as: S = {SNR -N SNR -N+1 , … , SNR -1}

[0040] The upper level will Standard deviation Inform the physical layer (PHY). Then, the temporary threshold T′ is: T′= SNR + β

[0041] The values ​​0 ≤ β ≤ 2 represent weights that depend on the Doppler spread reported by the user. The higher the Doppler spread, the larger the β value.

[0042] 3. Adjust the context parameter weights: 3.1 If latency requirements are stringent, the threshold should be lowered to include more repeated transmissions, even if their signal-to-noise ratio is barely acceptable.

[0043] 3.2 If the network load is high, the threshold should be increased to actively skip low-quality duplicate transmissions, thereby saving computing and memory resources.

[0044] 3.3 The threshold is updated as follows: = ′ (1 + γ N –γ L ) in γ L It is the delay requirement weight, which is inversely proportional to the delay tolerance; γ NIt is the network load weight, which is proportional to the network load.

[0045] 4. Taking all information into account, the final threshold is: = (α SNR LA + (1 - α) SNR -1 + β σ S ) (1 + γ N - γ L )

[0046] PUCCH

[0047] 1. Calculate the dynamic threshold in the gNB before repeated transmissions arrive: 1.1. Define the reference signal-to-noise ratio: SNR = SNR target + (1 - ) SNR -1 in 1.1.1. SNR target This is the default target SNR for this PUCCH in the corresponding format.

[0048] 1.1.2. SNR -1 It is the equalized SNR of the previous retransmission (if this retransmission is the first transmission, then...). SNR -1 = 0).

[0049] 1.1.3.0 ≤ α ≤ 1 is used for balancing statistics. SNR target and experience points SNR -1 The weight (α = 1 if this repeated transmission is the first transmission).

[0050] 2. At the upper layer, since the UE connected to the current cell, the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PUCCH user in each transmission is recorded, and this set of SNRs is represented as: = {SNR - SNR - +1 , … , SNR -1}

[0051] The upper level will Standard deviation Inform the physical layer (PHY). Note that for aperiodic PUCCH, there is no historical record; therefore, = 0.

[0052] 3. Then, T = SNR + β

[0053] Where 0 ≤ β ≤ 2 are weights, which depend on the Doppler spread reported by the user. The higher the Doppler spread, the larger the β value.

[0054] 4. If the equalized signal-to-noise ratio of the current repeated transmission is greater than the threshold T, then merge; otherwise, skip this repeated transmission.

[0055] The present invention also discloses an apparatus for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a base station wireless communication system. The apparatus includes: a threshold calculation module configured to derive a reference signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting multiple parameters, thereby generating a predefined threshold; a signal-to-noise ratio estimation and comparison logic module configured to estimate the equalized signal-to-noise ratio and compare it with the predefined threshold; and a selective combining controller configured to combine or skip uplink repetitive transmissions based on the estimated and compared equalized SNR.

[0056] More specifically, this invention provides a selective combining method and apparatus for uplink repetitive transmissions in 5G NR systems, particularly suitable for PUSCH and PUCCH channels. The method enables the base station (gNB) to pre-calculate dynamic quality thresholds based on channel conditions, historical data, and context parameters. Upon receiving a repetitive transmission, the gNB estimates the post-eq signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each repetitive transmission and selectively skips low-quality repetitive transmissions, combining only those exceeding the threshold. This reduces memory usage and computational overhead while maintaining decoding reliability, making it particularly suitable for coverage enhancement scenarios, such as cell-edge users or ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services.

[0057] The main value of this invention lies in optimizing the utilization of gNB resources in high-density or resource-constrained 5G networks, avoiding unnecessary buffering and processing of low-quality uplink duplicate transmissions, thereby significantly saving memory (e.g., buffering multiple duplicate transmissions and occupying a large amount of space) and computing resources (e.g., balancing and merging failed data). This invention achieves a balance between decoding performance and complexity, making it suitable for wide-coverage 5G connections in terrestrial and coastal communications.

[0058] The advantages of this invention include: - Real-time decisions can be made for each repeated transmission without waiting for all transmissions to complete, thereby reducing latency; - Dynamic threshold calculation, combining predictive factors (e.g., historical signal-to-noise ratio statistics) and adaptive adjustments (e.g., based on Doppler spread, latency requirements, and network load); and - Applicable to repeated transmissions of PUSCH (data channel) and PUCCH (control channel).

[0059] More specifically, the gNB pre-calculates thresholds, receives repeated transmissions sequentially, estimates the signal-to-noise ratio when data arrives, and only merges repeated transmissions that meet the thresholds, thereby achieving efficient decoding and minimizing resource waste.

[0060] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that various substitutions, modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a wireless communication system, implemented by a base station, the method comprising: The processor calculates a predefined threshold based on instructions stored in memory before receiving multiple repeated uplink transmissions; The transceiver receives the multiple repeated uplink transmissions within the transmission time interval; Estimate the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when each uplink repeat arrives. Based on the user's quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load, the balanced SNR is compared with the predefined threshold. By selectively merging the controller, uplink duplicate transmissions with an equalized SNR lower than the predefined threshold are skipped, and uplink duplicate transmissions with an equalized SNR higher than the predefined threshold are selectively merged. as well as Decode the selected merged uplink duplicate transmissions.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The steps for calculating the predefined threshold also include: Initialize and estimate uplink physical channel conditions for channel quality measurements; define a signal-to-noise ratio reference value for each channel transmission; The base station estimates and records the equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value for each transmission, forming a set of recorded SNR values. Determine the standard deviation of the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​for this set of records; and, Temporary thresholds are determined based on Doppler spread estimates from base stations.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The initialization and estimation steps for uplink physical channel conditions used for channel quality measurement also include: Initialize and estimate the channel conditions for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The steps for defining the signal-to-noise ratio reference values ​​for each channel transmission also include: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reference value is defined based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with PUSCH transmission; the SNR reference value for PUCCH transmission is defined based on the PUCCH format associated with PUCCH transmission.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The steps for determining the provisional threshold based on base station Doppler spread estimation also include: If the latency requirement is stringent, the weight of the latency requirement is adjusted, and the threshold is lowered to include more uplink repetitive transmissions; or If the network load is high, the weight of the network load is adjusted, and the threshold is increased to actively skip low-quality uplink repeated transmissions.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The steps for determining the provisional threshold based on base station Doppler spread estimation also include: The weighted target signal-to-noise ratio, the weighted historical variance, and the weighted most recent signal-to-noise ratio are compared to obtain the updated threshold T.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The updated threshold T is further calculated using the following formula: = (a SNR LA + (1 - a) SNR -1 + b s S ) (1 + c N - c L )。 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of comparing the balanced SNR with the predefined threshold based on user quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load, wherein if the balanced SNR is greater than the threshold, the duplicate uplink transmission data is stored and merged; otherwise, the duplicate transmissions with low SNR are skipped and directly discarded without buffering.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method also includes periodically updating the threshold based on real-time network conditions and CQI feedback.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method also includes using predictive adjustments to the weighting coefficients to calculate the threshold.

11. An apparatus for adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining in a base station wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: A transceiver configured to receive repeated uplink transmissions and perform equalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation for each repeated uplink transmission. A selective merging controller is configured to selectively skip duplicate transmissions with low SNR and merge the remaining uplink duplicate transmissions. A memory that stores instructions for threshold calculation and uplink repeat transmission selection, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Calculate a predefined threshold before receiving multiple repeated uplink transmissions; Receive the multiple repeated uplink transmissions within the transmission time interval; Estimate the balanced SNR when each uplink repeat arrives; Based on the user's quality history, context parameters, latency requirements, and network load, the balanced SNR is compared with the predefined threshold. Skip uplink duplicate transmissions with a post-equalization signal-to-noise ratio below the predefined threshold, and selectively merge uplink duplicate transmissions with a post-equalization signal-to-noise ratio above the predefined threshold; and, Decode the selected merged uplink duplicate transmissions.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The selected method for handling duplicate uplink transmissions is further configured to ensure performance close to full merging, but with lower complexity.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The device includes a Doppler extension configured to provide an adjustment mechanism that reduces the weight of historical variance as the Doppler extension increases.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The base station applies weighted merging to uplink duplicate transmissions that reach or exceed the threshold.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The base station is configured to handle uplink transmission repetitions from the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).

16. An adaptive uplink repetitive transmission combining device for a base station wireless communication system, the device comprising: The threshold calculation module is configured to derive a reference signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting multiple parameters, thereby generating a predefined threshold. A signal-to-noise ratio estimation and comparison logic module is configured to estimate the equalized signal-to-noise ratio and compare it with the predefined threshold. as well as A selective merging controller is configured to merge or skip uplink duplicate transmissions based on the estimated and compared equalized signal-to-noise ratio.

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