An automatic soil loosening device for forestry seedling raising

Abstract

This invention discloses an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation, belonging to the field of agricultural automation equipment technology. It aims to solve the technical problem that existing soil loosening equipment, with its fixed posture, is difficult to adapt to different degrees of soil compaction and seedling growth stages. The device includes a mobile bearing unit and a soil loosening execution unit. This invention uses a top cylinder and a movable rod to collaboratively drive a pair of soil loosening rings, flexibly switching between three states: In the cross-state, soil clods are crushed through shearing and compression, and the soil is evenly distributed by a vibrating disc, preventing secondary compaction and forming a loose and breathable topsoil layer. In the vertical state, deep loosening is performed on both sides of the seedling to break up the plow pan, enhancing aeration and water permeability, cutting off some transverse capillary roots to stimulate new root germination and growth into depth. Symmetrical loosening on both sides prevents seedling tilting, minimizes disturbance, and forms irrigation guidance channels, achieving the effects of root promotion, water retention, and minimal disturbance. In the avoidance state, the soil loosening rings open outward to prevent damage to the seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural automation equipment technology, and more specifically, to an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In forestry seedling cultivation, soil compaction is one of the main obstacles affecting seedling survival rate and growth quality. Traditional soil loosening methods rely on manual labor using tools such as hoes and shovels for single-point operations, which is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also makes it difficult to guarantee the depth and uniformity of soil loosening, easily damaging the seedling root system. With the promotion of large-scale and intensive seedling cultivation in forestry, the existing manual soil loosening methods can no longer meet the needs of efficient and standardized production.

[0003] While existing mechanized soil loosening equipment has improved operational efficiency to some extent, it still has many shortcomings. On the one hand, the loosening components of most equipment have fixed postures, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the loosening method according to the degree of soil compaction (slight compaction, severe compaction, heavy clay, etc.) and different growth stages of seedlings (seedling stage, mature seedling stage). It is difficult to meet the needs of multiple operations such as deep loosening, soil breaking, and seedling avoidance, resulting in poor adaptability and easy to cause incomplete soil loosening or damage to the seedling root system. On the other hand, existing equipment has a single function, and processes such as loosening soil, ditching, and digging holes need to be carried out in multiple steps. Multiple entry of machinery into the field not only increases the risk of soil compaction but also leads to increased operating costs and reduced efficiency, making it difficult to achieve integrated operations with multiple uses.

[0004] Furthermore, existing soil loosening equipment often results in the soil being piled up on-site after being broken up, which easily leads to secondary compaction, affecting the loosening effect and the quality of the topsoil layer. At the same time, there is a lack of effective technical means for precise avoidance between seedling rows and soil diversion, hindering the development of refined and intelligent soil loosening operations in seedling cultivation. Therefore, we propose an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation, so as to solve the technical problem that the fixed posture of existing soil loosening devices makes it difficult to adapt to different degrees of compaction and seedling growth stages.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation, comprising: A mobile support unit is used to provide an installation foundation and move along a work path; the mobile support unit includes a support frame and rollers, the support frame is provided with a support connection structure for connecting to an external drive component, and the rollers are rotatably connected to the underside of the support frame for rolling along the ground; The soil loosening execution unit, mounted on the mobile bearing unit, includes a T-shaped pipe, a secondary branch pipe, a rotating cutting component, a rotating drive assembly, and a posture adjustment assembly. The T-shaped pipe is fixed to the transverse support of the T-shaped frame. The secondary branch pipe is hinged to the branch pipe end of the T-shaped pipe. The rotating cutting component is rotatably mounted on the secondary branch pipe. The rotating drive assembly is located inside the T-shaped pipe and is drively connected to the rotating cutting component to drive its rotation. The posture adjustment assembly includes a top cylinder and a movable rod. The top cylinder is mounted on the T-shaped pipe. One end of the movable rod is hinged to the output end of the top cylinder, and the other end is hinged to the secondary branch pipe. The posture adjustment assembly drives the movable rod through the top cylinder to swing the secondary branch pipe, allowing the rotating cutting component to switch between at least two different cutting postures. This invention uses the top cylinder and movable rod to collaboratively drive a pair of soil loosening rings, enabling them to flexibly switch between three states: cross, vertical, and avoidance. This achieves precise adaptation to different degrees of compaction and seedling growth stages. In the cross state, the combined action of shearing and compression loosens the heavily compacted soil. Soil clods in severely compacted areas are concentrated and crushed to form a crisscrossing network of loose, cracked soil. The fineness of the crushed soil, combined with the reciprocating motion of a vibrating disc, ensures that the crushed soil is evenly distributed through a surface, effectively preventing secondary compaction and creating a loose, breathable topsoil layer that promotes root respiration and root development in seedlings. Vertical deep loosening on both sides of the seedling bed breaks up the plow pan, enhancing soil aeration and water permeability. Simultaneously, cutting some lateral capillary roots stimulates the seedlings to sprout new roots and promotes deeper root development, enhancing resistance to lodging and water absorption. Furthermore, symmetrical loosening on both sides avoids... The seedling raising mechanism tilts due to the unilateral force, minimizing disturbance to the surrounding soil and maximizing the protection of the original soil structure. The two parallel narrow trenches marked by the insert board also form irrigation channels, allowing water to quickly penetrate to the root layer along the trenches, achieving multiple effects such as promoting root growth, controlling excessive growth, conserving water, and minimizing disturbance. The avoidance configuration causes the loose soil ring to open outward in a figure-eight shape, effectively preventing damage to or breakage of the seedling roots and stems. At the same time, it diverts the soil to both sides, loosening the compacted layer between rows, achieving differentiated operation that "avoids seedlings but not soil."

[0007] Preferably, the attitude adjustment component drives the compound branch tube to retract inward, so that the two rotating cutting parts are in a cross shape, forming a cross-cutting posture; or drives the compound branch tube to open outward, so that the two rotating cutting parts are in an outward V-shape, forming a avoidance posture.

[0008] Preferably, the rotary drive assembly includes a first motor disposed within the T-tube, a driving bevel gear driven by the first motor, a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear, a driven rod fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear, and a transmission chain connecting the driven rod and the drive rod via a universal joint. The drive rod is rotatably disposed within the compound branch tube and fixedly connected to the rotary cutting component.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating cutting component is a soil loosening ring, which has a groove on one side and a cutting plate for cutting the soil.

[0010] Preferably, the assembly further includes a soil conveying component, which includes a pusher block, a vibrating disc, and a first tension spring. The pusher block is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the groove of the loosening ring. The end of the secondary branch pipe is provided with a limiting collar with a boss. The vibrating disc is slidably sleeved on the limiting collar and placed in the groove. The side of the vibrating disc facing the loosening ring is provided with a protrusion that intermittently contacts the pusher block. The side of the vibrating disc away from the loosening ring is provided with a pushing surface. The first tension spring is sleeved on the limiting collar, with one end fixed to the boss and the other end fixed to the vibrating disc.

[0011] Preferably, the axial surface of the vibratory feeder is an inclined surface or an arc surface.

[0012] Preferably, the mobile bearing unit includes a T-shaped frame, which has a horizontal support and a vertical support, and the horizontal support is connected to the soil loosening execution unit.

[0013] Preferably, the device further includes a trenching execution unit, which includes a trencher disposed on the mobile carrier unit and a mode switching component connected between the mobile carrier unit and the trencher. The mode switching component is used to lock the trencher in a fixed posture or release it to an active posture.

[0014] Preferably, the mode switching assembly includes an adjusting head, a second hydraulic rod, and clamping plates. The adjusting head is hinged to the end of the vertical support of the movable bearing unit. The two ends of the second hydraulic rod are respectively hinged to the movable bearing unit and the adjusting head. There are two clamping plates, which are connected to the adjusting head by bolts and nuts, for clamping or loosening the trencher.

[0015] Preferably, the system further includes a control module configured to: control the first motor to drive the rotating cutting part to rotate, and control the top cylinder to drive the movable rod to swing the secondary branch pipe, so that the rotating cutting part switches between different cutting postures.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes a top cylinder and a movable rod to collaboratively drive a pair of loosening rings, allowing them to flexibly switch between three states: cross, vertical, and avoidance. This enables precise adaptation to different degrees of soil compaction and different seedling growth stages. In the cross state, the combined action of shearing and compression crushes soil clods in heavy clay or severely compacted areas, forming a crisscrossing network of loosening fissures. The resulting fine soil particles, combined with the reciprocating motion of the vibrating disc, are evenly ejected from the surface, effectively preventing secondary compaction and creating a loose, breathable topsoil layer that promotes root respiration and root development. In the vertical state, deep loosening is performed on both sides of the seedling to break up the plow pan, enhancing soil aeration and water permeability. Simultaneously, this process cuts some of the transverse capillary roots. It stimulates seedlings to sprout new roots and promotes deep root development, enhancing lodging resistance and water absorption capacity. The symmetrical loosening of soil on both sides prevents seedlings from tilting due to unilateral force, minimizing disturbance to the surrounding soil and maximizing the protection of the original soil structure. The two parallel narrow trenches marked by the insert board also form irrigation channels, allowing water to quickly penetrate to the root layer along the trenches. It has multiple effects of promoting root growth, controlling excessive growth, conserving water, and minimizing disturbance. The avoidance state causes the loosening ring to open outward in a figure-eight shape, effectively preventing damage or breakage of seedling roots and stems. At the same time, it diverts soil to both sides, loosening the compacted layer between rows laterally, achieving differentiated operation of "avoiding seedlings but not soil".

[0017] 2. This invention drives the adjusting head to rotate via a second hydraulic rod, which, in conjunction with the tightening or loosening of bolts and nuts, allows the furrow opener to switch between two states: active and fixed. This integrates two operational modes: furrowing and hole digging, and loosening and channel building. In the active state, the furrow opener reciprocates, intermittently impacting and breaking up the soil, creating spaced pits on the seedling side or the soil to be planted. These pits serve as planting holes to ensure uniform spacing between plants, while also collecting rainwater, reducing surface runoff, and improving the local soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, thus promoting seed germination and... The ditch opener creates a favorable local microenvironment for early seedling growth. When stationary, it loosens the compacted soil along the travel path, breaking up the hard crust on the soil surface, restoring the soil aggregate structure and porosity, and forming continuous small ditches that serve as irrigation channels and drainage and flood control functions. It can also be used as a guide trough for subsequent mulching or sowing, achieving the technical effect of "one machine for two uses and flexible function switching". This effectively reduces the number of times the machine enters the field and the cost of equipment investment, and significantly improves the efficiency of comprehensive field operations and planting quality. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the soil loosening mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the T-shaped tube of the present invention; Figure 4This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the trenching component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the soil loosening component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the soil loosening component of the present invention, to show the three-dimensional structure of the soil loosening ring; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the soil loosening component of the present invention, to illustrate the three-dimensional structure of the vibratory feeder; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the soil loosening component of the present invention, to illustrate the three-dimensional structure of the compound branch pipe; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the soil loosening component of the present invention, illustrating the structure in use with the soil loosening ring in a vertical state; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the soil loosening component structure of the present invention, illustrating the usage structure of the soil loosening rings in a cross state.

[0019] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Soil loosening mechanism; 21. Roller; 22. T-shaped frame; 3. Soil loosening component; 31. T-shaped tube; 32. First motor; 33. First helical gear; 34. Driven rod; 35. Second helical gear; 36. Secondary branch pipe; 361. Limiting collar; 37. Drive rod; 38. Soil loosening ring; 381. Push block; 39. Vibratory plate; 391. Parabolic surface; 392. Protrusion; 310. First tension spring; 311. Top cylinder; 312. Movable rod; 4. Trenching component; 41. Adjusting head; 42. Clamping plate; 43. Trench opener; 44. First hydraulic rod; 45. Second hydraulic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention relates to an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation, comprising a support frame 1 and several soil loosening mechanisms 2 mounted on the support frame 1.

[0021] It is worth noting that a load-bearing connection structure is arranged on the load-bearing frame 1, which connects it to the drive component, enabling it to move.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the soil loosening mechanism 2 in this embodiment includes a roller 21 with a fixed frame, and a T-shaped frame 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed frame; the T-shaped frame 22 consists of a transverse support (i.e., as shown in the figure). Figure 1 As shown, arranged in the same direction as the X-axis) and vertical supports (i.e., as shown) Figure 1 As shown, the components are fixedly connected (arranged in the same direction as the Y-axis). A soil loosening component 3 is arranged on the horizontal support, and a ditch digging component 4 is arranged on the vertical support. The ditch digging component 4 is vertically corresponding to the position of the roller 21, and the ditch digging component 4 is located on the movement path of the roller 21.

[0023] Combination Figures 2-3 and Figures 5-10 As shown, in this embodiment, the soil loosening component 3 includes a T-shaped pipe 31, which is fitted into a hole arranged on a transverse support. The T-shaped pipe 31 consists of a main pipe and branch pipes that are connected. A first motor 32 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the transverse support, and the output shaft of the first motor 32 is fitted inside the main pipe. Inside the main pipe, a first helical gear 33 with a rotating shaft is rotatably fitted through a bearing, and the rotating shaft is driven to the output end of the first motor 32. Inside the branch pipe, a driven rod 34 is rotatably fitted through a bearing. A second helical gear 35 is sleeved on the surface of the moving rod 34, and the second helical gear 35 meshes with the first helical gear 33. Both ends of the branch pipe are hinged with secondary branch pipes 36. A limiting collar 361 is arranged on the end surface of each secondary branch pipe 36. A driving rod 37 is rotatably sleeved inside each secondary branch pipe 36 via a bearing. Two driving rods 37 are rotatably connected to both ends of the driven rod 34 via a universal joint. A loosening ring 38 is sleeved at the end of each driving rod 37. A groove is arranged on one side of the loosening ring 38, and the inner wall of one side of the groove is arranged with… At least one pusher block 381 is provided. A vibratory disk 39 is slidably fitted onto the surface of a limiting collar 361. The vibratory disk 39 is slidably fitted into a groove arranged on a loosening ring 38. A parabolic surface 391 is arranged on the side of the vibratory disk 39 away from the loosening ring 38, and a protrusion 392 is arranged on the side of the vibratory disk 39 closer to the loosening ring 38. The pusher block 381 rotates with the loosening ring 38, making a circular motion, and intermittently abuts and pushes the protrusion 392 during the rotation, thereby driving the vibratory disk 39 to slide along the surface of the limiting collar 361. The limiting collar 361... A first tension spring 310 is fitted on the surface of the 1st pipe, and one end of the first tension spring 310 is fixedly connected to the boss on the limiting collar 361. The other end of the first tension spring 310 is fixedly connected to the vibrating plate 39. When the vibrating plate 39 is pushed, the first tension spring 310 applies a reverse elastic force to it, so that the vibrating plate 39 makes a reciprocating translational motion on the surface of the limiting collar 361. A top cylinder 311 is fitted on the surface of the main pipe. Two movable rods 312 are hinged to the output end of the top cylinder 311, and the end of each movable rod 312 is hinged to the branch pipe 36.

[0024] Specifically, the first motor 32 drives the rotating shaft, causing the first helical gear 33 to rotate. Through gear meshing, the second helical gear 35 drives the driven rod 34 to rotate, and through a universal structure, drives the loosening ring 38 on the drive rod 37 to rotate, thus loosening the soil. The loosening ring 38 has two working states: crossed and vertical, achieved through the cooperation of the top cylinder 311 and the movable rod 312. When in the crossed state, the top cylinder 311 pushes the branch pipe 36 inward, causing the two loosening rings 38 to insert into the soil in a crossed pattern. The soil is then loosened through the shearing and squeezing action of the insert plate. The function is to concentrate and crush soil clods, forming a crisscrossing network of loose soil fissures. The fineness of the crushed soil is high, making it suitable for heavy clay soil or severely compacted soil. At the same time, the cross-gathering causes fine soil and organic matter to converge towards the center of the seedbed, forming a local "fertilizer and water ring". With the reciprocating horizontal movement of the vibrating plate 39, the crushed soil is evenly thrown out through the polishing surface 391, preventing secondary compaction and forming a loose and breathable topsoil layer, which is conducive to the respiration and root growth of seedlings. It is suitable for seedling stage or large-scale soil loosening and improvement scenarios. When in the vertical state, the top cylinder 311 does not drive the moving rod 312, and the two loosening rings 38 remain vertical. The planting board is vertically inserted into the soil on both sides of the seedling bed, deeply loosening the compacted layer to break up the plow pan, improving soil aeration and water permeability. Simultaneously, the rotating board cuts some of the lateral capillary roots, stimulating the seedling to sprout new roots and promoting deeper root development, enhancing lodging resistance and water absorption capacity. Symmetrical loosening on both sides prevents the seedling from tilting due to unilateral force, maintaining balanced root development. Furthermore, the vertical orientation minimizes disturbance to the surrounding soil, maximizing the protection of the original soil structure. The two parallel narrow furrows created by the board also form irrigation channels. Water quickly penetrates into the root zone along the trench, achieving multiple effects such as promoting root growth, controlling excessive growth, conserving water, and minimizing disturbance. It is suitable for seedlings or slightly compacted soil. When seedlings need to be avoided, the top cylinder 311 reverses the movement rod 312 to open the branch pipe 36 outward, causing the loosening ring 38 to move in a figure-eight shape to avoid the seedlings. This effectively prevents damage to or breakage of the seedling roots and stems, while diverting the soil to both sides to loosen the compacted layer between rows, expanding the loosening range without interfering with the soil structure of the main root zone of the seedlings, thus achieving differentiated operation of "avoiding seedlings but not soil".

[0025] This invention utilizes a top cylinder 311 and a movable rod 312 to collaboratively drive a pair of loosening rings 38, allowing them to flexibly switch between three states: cross, vertical, and avoidance. This enables precise adaptation to different degrees of soil compaction and different seedling growth stages. In the cross state, the soil clods in heavy clay or severely compacted areas are concentrated and crushed through a combination of shearing and compression, forming a crisscrossing network of loosening cracks. The resulting fine soil fragments, combined with the reciprocating motion of the vibrating disc 39, are evenly ejected through the surface 391, effectively preventing secondary compaction and forming a loose and breathable topsoil layer, which is beneficial for seedling root respiration and root development. In the vertical state, deep loosening is performed on both sides of the seedling to break up the plow pan, enhancing soil aeration and water permeability. Simultaneously, by cutting off part of the transverse... Stimulating the fine roots of seedlings to sprout new roots and promote the deep development of the root system enhances resistance to lodging and water absorption capacity. The symmetrical loosening of soil on both sides can prevent seedlings from tilting due to unilateral force, minimizes disturbance to the surrounding soil, and can protect the original soil structure of the seedling to the greatest extent. The two parallel narrow trenches drawn by the insert board can also form irrigation guidance channels, allowing water to quickly penetrate into the root layer along the trenches. It has multiple effects of promoting root growth, controlling excessive growth, conserving water, and minimizing disturbance. The avoidance state makes the loosening ring 38 open outward in a figure-eight shape, effectively preventing damage or breakage of seedling roots and stems. At the same time, it diverts the soil to both sides, loosening the compacted layer between rows laterally, realizing differentiated operation of "avoiding seedlings but not soil".

[0026] Combination Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the ditch-digging assembly 4 includes an adjusting head 41, which is hinged to the end of a vertical support. Two clamping plates 42 are connected to the inner walls of both sides of the adjusting head 41 by a nut and bolt structure. A trench opener 43 is hinged between the two clamping plates 42. The trench opener 43 corresponds to the position of the roller 21 on its travel path. Specifically, when the two clamping plates 42 are engaged by bolts and nuts, the trench opener 43 can be fixed and also moved. A first hydraulic rod 44 is hinged to the inner walls of both sides of the adjusting head 41. The output end of the first hydraulic rod 44 is hinged to the end of the trench opener 43. A second hydraulic rod 45 is hinged to one side of the vertical support. The output end of the second hydraulic rod 45 is hinged to the adjusting head 41.

[0027] Specifically, the adjusting head 41 is driven to rotate at the end of the vertical support by the second hydraulic rod 45, and the use of bolts and nuts causes the furrow opener 43 to be fixed or movable. When the adjusting head 41 drives the furrow opener 43 to rotate, the furrowing path of the furrow opener 43 is perpendicular to the travel path of the roller 21. At this time, the furrow opener 43 is in an active state and is driven by the first hydraulic rod 44 to rotate back and forth, cultivating the soil and forming pits on the seedling side or the soil to be planted. This pit structure can serve as a fixed-distance planting hole, providing a standardized planting position for seedling transplanting or sowing, ensuring uniform spacing between plants, which is beneficial for subsequent ventilation, lighting and field management. On the other hand, the pit structure can collect rainwater, reduce surface runoff and improve local soil water retention. The fertilizer retention capacity creates a favorable local microenvironment for seed germination and early seedling growth. When the adjusting head 41 drives the furrow opener 43 to remain stationary (i.e., the initial position of the furrow opener 43, corresponding to the position of the roller 21's travel path), the furrow opener 43 can loosen the compacted soil of the roller 21 along the travel path. Its function is twofold: firstly, to break up the hard crust on the soil surface, restore the soil aggregate structure and porosity, improve air permeability and water infiltration capacity, and promote the exchange and circulation of air and water in the soil, thereby creating a loose seedbed environment for seed germination and root development; secondly, continuous furrowing along the travel path can also form a continuous small ditch, which has the functions of irrigation and drainage, preventing waterlogging in the field that could lead to seed rot or root rot, and can also serve as a guide trough for subsequent mulching or sowing.

[0028] This invention drives the adjusting head 41 to rotate via the second hydraulic rod 45. Combined with the tightening or loosening of the bolts and nuts, this allows the furrow opener 43 to switch between active and fixed states, integrating two operational modes: furrowing and digging, and loosening and channeling. In the active state, the furrow opener 43 reciprocates, intermittently impacting and breaking up the soil, creating spaced pits on the seedling side or the soil to be planted. These pits serve as planting holes to ensure uniform spacing between plants, while also collecting rainwater, reducing surface runoff, and improving the local soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, thus promoting seed germination. It creates a favorable local microenvironment for the early growth of seedlings; when in a fixed state, the furrow opener 43 loosens the compacted soil of the roller 21 along the travel path, breaks up the hard crust of the soil surface, restores the soil aggregate structure and porosity, and forms continuous small ditches, which have the functions of irrigation and drainage and flood prevention. It can also be used as a guide trough for subsequent mulching or sowing, realizing the technical effect of "one machine for two uses and flexible function switching", effectively reducing the number of times the machine enters the field and the cost of equipment investment, and significantly improving the efficiency of comprehensive field operations and planting quality.

[0029] Working principle: This embodiment provides an automated soil loosening device for forestry seedling cultivation. The supporting frame 1 is connected to the external driving component through the supporting connection structure, driving the whole machine to move along the seedling rows. During the movement, the rollers 21 walk along the seedbed and compact the soil. The T-shaped frame 22 carries the soil loosening component 3 and the ditch digging component 4 and moves synchronously with the whole machine.

[0030] When the soil loosening assembly 3 is working, the first motor 32 drives the first helical gear 33 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven rod 34 to rotate via the meshing transmission of the second helical gear 35. The driven rod 34 simultaneously drives the two drive rods 37 to rotate through the universal joint structure, causing the soil loosening ring 38 to rotate at the end of the branch pipe 36. The insert plate on the soil loosening ring 38 cuts and breaks up the soil as it rotates. The top cylinder 311 drives the branch pipe 36 to swing around the end of the branch pipe through the movable rod 312 to adjust the working posture of the soil loosening ring 38: when the top cylinder 311 pushes the branch pipe 36 inward, the two soil loosening rings 38 are inserted into the soil in a cross shape, and the soil clods are concentrated and crushed by the shearing and squeezing action of the insert plate; when the top cylinder 311... When the movable rod 312 is not driven, the two loosening rings 38 remain vertical and are inserted vertically into the soil on both sides of the seedling to perform vertical deep loosening. When the top cylinder 311 drives the movable rod 312 in the opposite direction to open the branch pipe 36 outward, the loosening rings 38 unfold outward in a figure-eight shape to avoid the seedling. During the rotation of the loosening rings 38, the push block 381 moves in a circular motion with the loosening rings 38 and intermittently contacts the protrusion 392 on the vibrating plate 39, pushing the vibrating plate 39 to slide along the surface of the limiting collar 361. The first tension spring 310 applies a reverse elastic force after the vibrating plate 39 is pushed to reset it, thereby generating a high-frequency reciprocating translational motion, which evenly throws the broken soil through the parabolic surface 391.

[0031] When the trenching assembly 4 is working, the second hydraulic rod 45 drives the adjusting head 41 to rotate at the end of the vertical support, changing the working direction of the trencher 43. The bolt and nut engage to lock or loosen the clamping plate 42, allowing the trencher 43 to switch between fixed and movable states: when the bolt and nut are loosened, the trencher 43 is in the movable state, and the adjusting head 41 drives the trencher 43 to rotate until its trenching path is perpendicular to the travel path of the roller 21. The first hydraulic rod 44 reciprocates to drive the trencher 43 to reciprocate around the hinge point. The machine swings and intermittently impacts and breaks up the soil, creating intermittently distributed pits on the seedling side or the soil to be planted. When the bolts and nuts are tightened, the furrow opener 43 is fixed in the initial position (i.e., the position of the furrow opener 43 corresponding to the travel path of the roller 21), and loosens the compacted soil of the roller 21 in situ along the travel path, or forms continuous small ditches. During the movement of the whole machine, the soil loosening component 3 and the ditch digging component 4 work together to complete multiple operations such as soil loosening, ditching, and digging at one time.

[0032] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An automated soil loosening apparatus for forestry nursery use, characterized by, include: A mobile support unit is used to provide an installation foundation and move along the work path; the mobile support unit includes a support frame (1) and rollers (21), the support frame (1) is provided with a support connection structure for connecting with external drive components, and the rollers (21) are rotatably connected to the underside of the support frame (1) for rolling along the ground; The soil loosening execution unit, mounted on the mobile bearing unit, includes a T-shaped pipe (31), a secondary branch pipe (36), a rotating cutting component, a rotating drive assembly, and an attitude adjustment assembly. The T-shaped pipe (31) is fixed to the transverse support of the T-shaped frame (22). The secondary branch pipe (36) is hinged to the end of a branch pipe of the T-shaped pipe (31). The rotating cutting component is rotatably mounted on the secondary branch pipe (36). The rotating drive assembly is located inside the T-shaped pipe (31) and is connected to the rotating cutting component for transmission to drive the soil loosening unit. The rotating cutting part rotates; the attitude adjustment assembly includes a top cylinder (311) and a movable rod (312). The top cylinder (311) is installed on the T-tube (31). One end of the movable rod (312) is hinged to the output end of the top cylinder (311), and the other end is hinged to the secondary branch tube (36). The attitude adjustment assembly drives the movable rod (312) through the top cylinder (311) to swing the secondary branch tube (36) so that the rotating cutting part can switch between at least two different cutting attitudes.

2. The automated ripper apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The attitude adjustment component drives the compound branch tube (36) to retract inward, so that the two rotating cutting parts are in a cross shape, forming a cross cutting posture; or drives the compound branch tube (36) to open outward, so that the two rotating cutting parts are in an outward V-shape, forming a avoidance posture.

3. The automated ripper apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The rotary drive assembly includes a first motor (32) disposed in the T-tube (31), a driving bevel gear driven by the first motor (32), a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear, a driven rod (34) fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear, and a transmission chain connecting the driven rod (34) and the drive rod (37) through a universal structure. The drive rod (37) is rotatably disposed in the compound branch tube (36) and fixedly connected to the rotary cutting part.

4. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating cutting component is a soil loosening ring (38), which has a groove on one side and a cutting plate for cutting soil on the soil loosening ring (38).

5. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a soil conveying assembly, which includes a pusher (381), a vibrating disc (39), and a first tension spring (310). The pusher (381) is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the groove of the loosening ring (38). The end of the secondary branch pipe (36) is provided with a limiting collar (361) with a boss. The vibrating disc (39) is slidably sleeved on the limiting collar (361) and placed in the groove. The vibrating disc (39) has a protrusion (392) that intermittently contacts the pusher (381) on the side facing the loosening ring (38). The vibrating disc (39) has a pushing surface on the side away from the loosening ring (38). The first tension spring (310) is sleeved on the limiting collar (361), with one end fixed to the boss and the other end fixed to the vibrating disc (39).

6. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axial surface of the vibratory plate (39) is an inclined surface or an arc surface.

7. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile bearing unit includes a T-shaped frame (22), which has a horizontal support and a vertical support. The horizontal support is connected to the soil loosening execution unit.

8. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a trenching execution unit, which includes a trencher (43) disposed on the mobile carrier unit, and a mode switching component connected between the mobile carrier unit and the trencher (43). The mode switching component is used to lock the trencher (43) in a fixed posture or release it to an active posture.

9. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mode switching assembly includes an adjusting head (41), a second hydraulic rod (45), and a clamping plate (42). The adjusting head (41) is hinged to the end of the vertical support of the mobile bearing unit. The two ends of the second hydraulic rod (45) are respectively hinged to the mobile bearing unit and the adjusting head (41). There are two clamping plates (42), which are connected to the adjusting head (41) by bolts and nuts and are used to clamp or loosen the trencher (43).

10. The automated soil loosening equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which is configured to: control the first motor (32) to drive the rotating cutting part to rotate, and control the top cylinder (311) to drive the movable rod (312) to drive the compound branch pipe (36) to swing, so that the rotating cutting part switches between different cutting postures.

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