Pneumatic motor driven, exhaust-recycled water and fertilizer integrated small seed metering device

Abstract

This invention discloses a pneumatically driven, exhaust-reused, water-fertilizer integrated small-seed seed metering device, relating to the field of agricultural machinery technology. It includes a seed meterer and a pneumatic motor. The seed meterer comprises a housing and a seed metering disc, which is rotatably connected within the housing and divides the housing into first and second chambers. The seed metering disc has multiple blowing holes circumferentially arranged, communicating with the first and second chambers. The second chamber has an exhaust port. The housing has a seed feeding channel and a water-fertilizer channel. The inlet of the seed feeding channel is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc, and the outlet of the water-fertilizer channel is also in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc. The pneumatic motor is connected to the seed metering disc and can drive the seed metering disc to rotate around its axis. When the seed metering disc rotates around its axis, the blowing holes can communicate with the seed feeding channel and the water-fertilizer channel, and the seed feeding channel and the water-fertilizer channel can communicate with the same blowing holes. The exhaust port of the pneumatic motor is connected to the first chamber. This invention simplifies the structure and reduces air consumption and equipment manufacturing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device. Background Technology

[0002] Rapeseed and other small-seed crops are major economic crops in my country, and precision sowing is a key operational step to ensure uniform emergence and increased yield. Currently, small-seed seed metering equipment used in the field is mainly divided into two categories: mechanical transmission type and pneumatic type. The transmission accuracy of traditional mechanical transmission seed metering devices driven by ground wheels and motors is easily affected by the flatness of the ground and field vibrations, resulting in poor operational stability. On the other hand, pneumatic seed metering equipment driven by pneumatic motors can ensure uniform rotation of the seed metering disc as long as the air source pressure remains stable, thereby effectively ensuring the uniformity of the seed metering rhythm and the accuracy of plant spacing. However, in existing seed metering equipment driven by pneumatic motors, the compressed air after the pneumatic motor has done its work is directly discharged into the air, resulting in a waste of air source energy. At the same time, the blowing process still requires an additional independent fan and air supply pipeline, resulting in a complex air circuit structure and high energy consumption of the whole machine.

[0003] In addition, after seeds are picked up from the orifice of a traditional pneumatic seed metering device, they fall out of the orifice by gravity. However, small seeds are very light, leading to incomplete seeding during sowing. Furthermore, the water and fertilizer application and sowing operations of traditional pneumatic seed metering devices are independent, making it difficult to achieve integrated seed, fertilizer, and water management. They also have a relatively complex structure and high energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a compact, energy-efficient, and pneumatically driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, simplify the structure, and effectively reduce gas consumption and equipment manufacturing costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a pneumatically driven, exhaust-recycled, water-fertilizer integrated seed metering device, comprising: A seed metering device includes a housing and a seed metering disc. The seed metering disc is rotatably connected inside the housing and divides the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. The seed metering disc is circumferentially provided with a plurality of seed blowing holes that can communicate with both the first chamber and the second chamber. The second chamber is provided with an exhaust port. The housing is provided with a seed feeding channel and a water and fertilizer channel. The inlet of the seed feeding channel is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the second chamber, and the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the first chamber. A pneumatic motor, the output end of which is connected to the seed metering disc and can drive the seed metering disc to rotate about its axis relative to the housing; when the seed metering disc rotates about its axis, each of the seed blowing holes can be connected to both the seed feeding channel and the water and fertilizer channel, and the seed feeding channel and the water and fertilizer channel can be connected to the same seed blowing hole; the pneumatic motor has a motor exhaust port, which can be connected to the first chamber.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure; the first sealing structure is disposed between the inlet of the seeding channel and the end face of the seed metering tray away from the second chamber, and makes the inlet of the seeding channel in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray; the second sealing structure is disposed between the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel and the end face of the seed metering tray away from the first chamber, and makes the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray.

[0008] Preferably, the first sealing structure can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole away from the second chamber, and the second sealing structure can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole away from the first chamber.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a Venturi tube body and an air source. The Venturi tube body is provided with a water-fertilizer mixture inlet. The air inlet of the Venturi tube body is sealed to the air outlet of the air source. The outlet of the Venturi tube body is sealed to the inlet of the water-fertilizer channel. The water-fertilizer mixture inlet is used to connect to the water-fertilizer tank.

[0010] Preferably, the inner hole of the first sealing structure is always in communication with at least one of the seed blowing holes, and the inner hole of the second sealing structure is always in communication with at least one of the seed blowing holes.

[0011] Preferably, all the seed blowing holes are evenly spaced along a predetermined circular trajectory; the circumferential length of the inner hole of the first sealing structure along the predetermined circular trajectory is greater than the circumferential interval length between the centers of two adjacent seed blowing holes along the predetermined circular trajectory.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a first pneumatic valve block, the inlet and outlet of which are connected and communicated with the outlet of the gas source and the inlet of the venturi tube body, respectively, and the first pneumatic valve block can adjust the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the venturi tube body.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a second pneumatic valve block, wherein the air inlet of the pneumatic motor is used to connect to an air source, and the inlet and outlet of the second pneumatic valve block are respectively connected and communicated with the outlet of the air source and the inlet of the pneumatic motor, and the second pneumatic valve block can regulate the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the pneumatic motor.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a seed cleaning brush. The lower end of the first chamber is a seed chamber, and the seed cleaning brush is disposed in the first chamber. The seed cleaning brush is disposed between the seed chamber and the seed feeding channel. The seed cleaning brush can clean the seeds that have not entered the blowing hole on the end face of the seed dispensing tray away from the second chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the cleaning brush is a flexible brush.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention provides a pneumatically driven, exhaust-reused, water-fertilizer integrated small-seed seed metering device, comprising: a seed meterer, which includes a housing and a seed metering disc, the seed metering disc being rotatably connected within the housing and dividing the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber; the seed metering disc having multiple seed blowing holes circumferentially arranged, capable of communicating with both the first and second chambers; the second chamber having an exhaust port; the housing having a seed feeding channel and a water-fertilizer channel, the inlet of the seed feeding channel being in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the second chamber, and the outlet of the water-fertilizer channel being in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the first chamber; a pneumatic motor, the output end of which is connected to the seed metering disc and capable of driving the seed metering disc to rotate relative to the housing around its axis; when the seed metering disc rotates around its axis, each seed blowing hole can communicate with both the seed feeding channel and the water-fertilizer channel, and the seed feeding channel and the water-fertilizer channel can communicate with the same seed blowing hole; the pneumatic motor having a motor exhaust port, which can communicate with the first chamber.

[0017] On the one hand, when the pneumatic motor drives the seed metering disc to rotate around its axis, it exhausts air through the exhaust port. By connecting the motor's exhaust port to the first chamber, the first chamber is created with a positive pressure environment higher than the external atmospheric pressure under the action of the motor's exhaust, thereby blowing the seeds in the first chamber into the seed blowing hole. This invention achieves efficient reuse of the pneumatic motor's exhaust, reducing energy waste. At the same time, the seed blowing process does not require an additional independent fan and air supply pipeline, simplifying the overall air circuit structure and further reducing energy consumption. On the other hand, this invention sets up a water and fertilizer channel, which is positioned opposite to the seed feeding channel. When water and fertilizer are added to the water and fertilizer channel, they can flush the seeds in the seed blowing hole, allowing the seeds to enter the seed feeding channel. This not only solves the technical problem that small seeds are too light to fall into the seed feeding channel under gravity, but also realizes the integrated operation of seed feeding and water and fertilizer application, greatly simplifying the structure of the seed metering device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer small-seed metering device provided by the present invention. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 4 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 5 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 6 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the seed metering device provided by the present invention Figure 7 ; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the housing provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow provided by the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram, 100 is a pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reused, water-fertilizer integrated small-seed seed metering device; 1 is an air guide pipe; 2 is a pneumatic motor; 3 is a seed metering device; 4 is a seed guide pipe; 5 is a water-fertilizer tank; 6 is a venturi tube body; 7 is an air source; 8 is a fixed base plate; 9 is an air guide hole; 10 is a first sealing structure; 11 is a second sealing structure; 12 is a housing; 13 is a seed feeding channel; 14 is a water-fertilizer channel; 15 is a key; 16 is a second chamber; 17 is a seed cleaning brush; 18 is a first chamber; 19 is a seed blowing hole; 20 is a seed chamber; 21 is a seed metering tray; 22 is a motor exhaust port; 23 is a pneumatic motor output shaft; 24 is a second pneumatic valve block; 25 is an air source interface; 26 is a gas-liquid mixture outlet; 27 is a water-fertilizer mixture inlet; 28 is a compressed air inlet; 29 is a first pneumatic valve block; 30 is a first housing; and 31 is a second housing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating directional or positional relationships, are based on the directional or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, simplify the structure, and effectively reduce gas consumption and equipment manufacturing costs.

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a pneumatically driven, exhaust-reused, water-fertilizer integrated small-seed seed metering device 100, comprising: a seed meterer 3, the seed meterer 3 including a housing 12 and a seed metering disc 21, the seed metering disc 21 being rotatably connected inside the housing 12 and dividing the housing 12 into a first chamber 18 and a second chamber 16, the seed metering disc 21 being circumferentially provided with a plurality of seed blowing holes 19 that can communicate with both the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 16, the second chamber 16 being provided with an exhaust port; the housing 12 being provided with a seed feeding channel 13 and a water-fertilizer channel 14, the inlet of the seed feeding channel 13 being sealed to the end face of the seed metering disc 21 away from the second chamber 16. The outlet of the water and fertilizer channel 14 is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray 21 away from the first chamber 18; the pneumatic motor 2, the output end of the pneumatic motor 2 (pneumatic motor output shaft 23) is connected to the seed metering tray 21 and can drive the seed metering tray 21 to rotate around the axis of the seed metering tray 21 relative to the housing 12; when the seed metering tray 21 rotates around the axis of the seed metering tray 21, each seed blowing hole 19 can be connected to both the seed feeding channel 13 and the water and fertilizer channel 14, and the seed feeding channel 13 and the water and fertilizer channel 14 can be connected to the same seed blowing hole 19; the pneumatic motor 2 has a motor exhaust port 22, which can be connected to the first chamber 18.

[0027] On the one hand, when the pneumatic motor 2 drives the seed metering disc 21 to rotate around its axis, it exhausts air through the exhaust port. By connecting the motor exhaust port 22 with the first chamber 18, the first chamber 18 forms a positive pressure environment higher than the external atmospheric pressure under the action of the motor exhaust, thereby blowing the seeds in the first chamber 18 into the blowing hole 19. This invention achieves efficient reuse of the exhaust air from the pneumatic motor 2, reducing energy waste. At the same time, the blowing process does not require additional independent fans and air supply pipes, simplifying the overall air circuit structure and further reducing energy consumption. On the other hand, this invention sets up a water and fertilizer channel 14, which is positioned opposite to the seed feeding channel 13. When water and fertilizer are added to the water and fertilizer channel 14, they can flush the seeds in the blowing hole 19, allowing the seeds to enter the seed feeding channel 13. This not only solves the technical problem that small seeds are too light to fall into the seed feeding channel 13 under gravity, but also realizes the integrated operation of seed feeding and water and fertilizer application, greatly simplifying the structure of the seed metering device.

[0028] In some specific embodiments, a first sealing structure 10 and a second sealing structure 11 are also included; the first sealing structure 10 is disposed between the inlet of the seed feeding channel 13 and the end face of the seed metering tray 21 away from the second chamber 16, and makes the inlet of the seed feeding channel 13 in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray 21; the second sealing structure 11 is disposed between the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel 14 and the end face of the seed metering tray 21 away from the first chamber 18, and makes the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel 14 in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray 21.

[0029] In some specific embodiments, the first sealing structure 10 can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole 19 away from the second chamber 16, and the second sealing structure 11 can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole 19 away from the first chamber 18. The width of the first sealing structure 10 and the second sealing structure 11 is greater than the diameter of the seed blowing hole 19, preventing the seed blowing hole 19 from simultaneously communicating with the seed feeding channel 13 and the first chamber 18, and preventing the seed blowing hole 19 from simultaneously communicating with the water and fertilizer channel 14 and the second chamber 16, thus preventing water and fertilizer from entering the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 16.

[0030] In some specific embodiments, the system also includes a Venturi tube body 6 and an air source 7. The Venturi tube body 6 is provided with a water-fertilizer mixture inlet 27. The air inlet (compressed air inlet 28) of the Venturi tube body 6 is sealed to the air outlet of the air source 7. The outlet of the Venturi tube body 6 is sealed to the inlet of the water-fertilizer channel 14. The water-fertilizer mixture inlet 27 is used to connect to the water-fertilizer tank 5. The Venturi tube body 6 uses the high-speed airflow provided by the air source 7 to generate negative pressure to draw in the water-fertilizer mixture, forming a gas-liquid mixture flow. This flow enters the water-fertilizer channel 14, flushing out the seeds on the seed blowing hole 19 and carrying them to the seed delivery channel 13, and finally applying them into the seed furrow, realizing an integrated operation of sowing, fertilizing, and moisturizing.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the inner hole of the first sealing structure 10 is always connected to at least one seed blowing hole 19, and the inner hole of the second sealing structure 11 is always connected to at least one seed blowing hole 19. During the rotation of the seed metering disc 21, the Venturi tube body 6, the water and fertilizer channel 14, and the seed feeding channel 13 are always in a connected state, ensuring that the negative pressure state of the Venturi tube body 6 is not disrupted, ensuring that water and fertilizer are continuously supplied to the seed blowing hole 19, and preventing intermittent blockage and flow interruption.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, all the seed blowing holes 19 are equally spaced along a predetermined circular trajectory; the circumferential length of the inner hole of the first sealing structure 10 along the predetermined circular trajectory is greater than the circumferential interval length of the centers of two adjacent seed blowing holes 19 along the predetermined circular trajectory, thereby ensuring that the inner hole of the first sealing structure 10 is always connected to at least one seed blowing hole 19 and the inner hole of the second sealing structure 11 is always connected to at least one seed blowing hole 19.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, a first pneumatic valve block 29 is also included. The inlet and outlet of the first pneumatic valve block 29 are connected and communicated with the outlet of the gas source 7 and the inlet of the Venturi tube body 6, respectively. The first pneumatic valve block 29 can regulate the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the Venturi tube body 6. The Venturi tube uses high-speed airflow to generate negative pressure, drawing in the water-fertilizer mixture and forming a gas-liquid mixture flow. The flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture flow is adapted to small seeds. Preferably, the negative pressure generated by the Venturi tube body 6 can drive the water-fertilizer mixture to form a gas-liquid mixture flow of 3m / s to 6m / s, preventing the flow rate from damaging the seeds due to excessive speed and preventing the flow rate from failing to flush away the seeds due to excessively slow speed.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, a second pneumatic valve block 24 is also included. The air inlet of the pneumatic motor 2 is used to connect to the air source 7. The inlet and outlet of the second pneumatic valve block 24 are connected and communicated with the outlet of the air source 7 and the air source interface 25 of the pneumatic motor 2, respectively. The second pneumatic valve block 24 can adjust the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the pneumatic motor 2 to realize the matching of the seed metering frequency of the seed metering device 3 with the corresponding water-fertilizer mixture. The compressed air discharged by the pneumatic motor 2 forms a positive pressure of 1.5kPa to 3kPa in the first chamber 18, providing a stable blowing force for the blowing holes 19 of the seed metering disc 21, which ensures firm blowing and avoids excessive blowing that causes seed sticking.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, a seed cleaning brush 17 is also included. The lower end of the first chamber 18 is the seed chamber 20. The seed cleaning brush 17 is disposed in the first chamber 18 and between the seed chamber 20 and the seed delivery channel 13. The seed cleaning brush 17 can clean the seeds that have not entered the blowing hole 19 on the end face of the seed metering tray 21 away from the second chamber 16.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, it also includes multiple air guide pipes 1, multiple motor exhaust ports 22 are provided on the pneumatic motor 2, and multiple air guide holes 9 are provided on the housing 12. The air guide holes 9, motor exhaust ports 22 and air guide pipes 1 correspond one-to-one. The inlet and outlet of each air guide pipe 1 are respectively sealed and connected to the corresponding motor exhaust port 22 and air guide hole 9.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the seed cleaning brush 17 is a flexible brush.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, the gap between the seed cleaning brush 17 and the surface of the seed metering tray 21 is 0.1mm to 0.2mm. The seed cleaning brush 17 is used to scrape off excess small seeds at the seed blowing hole 19 to prevent seed accumulation and jamming.

[0039] In some specific embodiments, the first sealing structure 10 and the second sealing structure 11 are both one of the following: an arc-shaped sealing strip, a floating wear-resistant plate, or a labyrinth seal. The water-fertilizer channel 14 is isolated from the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 16 by a non-circular sealing structure to prevent the water-fertilizer mixture from entering the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 16, while ensuring the sealing and pressure maintenance of the first chamber 18.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the first sealing structure 10 and the second sealing structure 11 are both attached to the seed metering disc 21, and the compression of the first sealing structure 10 and the second sealing structure 11 is 0.3mm~0.8mm.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the output shaft of the pneumatic motor 2 is fixedly connected to the seed metering disc 21 by a key 15 to ensure transmission accuracy.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, a fixed base plate 8 is also included. The housing 12 includes a first housing 30 and a second housing 31, which are fixedly connected. The seed metering device 3, the air source 7, and the water and fertilizer tank 5 are all fixedly connected to the fixed base plate 8. The first chamber 18 is formed by the first housing 30 and the seed metering tray 21 and is a positive pressure air chamber. The second chamber 16 is formed by the second housing 31 and the seed metering tray 21 and is an exhaust chamber. The second chamber 16 is connected to the outside atmosphere. The fixed base plate 8 has exhaust holes that match the second chamber 16.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the outlet of the seed delivery channel 13 is fixedly connected to a seed guide tube 4, which is used to guide the seeds and water-fertilizer mixture together to the seed ditch to prevent small seeds from bouncing or getting stuck in the tube.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the pneumatic motor 2 is a vane-type pneumatic motor 2 with a rated speed of 15 r / min to 30 r / min, and the pressure of the air source 7 connected to the pneumatic motor 2 is 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa, which is suitable for the low positive pressure requirements of small-seed sowing.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, the throat diameter of the Venturi tube body 6 is Φ3mm~Φ5mm, the diameter of the gas-liquid mixture outlet 26 is Φ4~Φ6mm, and a filter is provided at the end of the pipe connecting the water-fertilizer mixture inlet 27 and the water-fertilizer tank 5. The concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture in the water-fertilizer tank 5 is 0.5%~1%. The concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture needs to be adapted to the germination requirements of small seeds.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, the seed metering disc 21 has a diameter of 180mm to 250mm, the number of seed blowing holes 19 is 24 to 36, the diameter of the seed blowing holes 19 is 1.6mm to 1.8mm, which is suitable for small seeds with a diameter of 1.5mm, ensuring that small seeds are adsorbed individually, without accumulating or missing seeds.

[0047] In some specific embodiments, there are a total of 8 air guide tubes 1, each with a diameter of Φ6mm~Φ10mm, and the 8 air guide tubes 1 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first housing 30; the seed guide tube 4 is a flexible silicone tube with an inner diameter of 3mm~5mm. The diameter of the air guide tube 1 matches the diameter of the exhaust port of the pneumatic motor 2.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, the arc-shaped sealing strip is made of wear-resistant rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene, which can reduce wear when the seed metering disc 21 rotates and extend its service life; the bristles are made of soft nylon.

[0049] In some specific implementations, the speed of the pneumatic motor 2 is adjustable to ensure seeding accuracy.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, the diameter of the opening of the seed blowing hole 19 away from the second chamber 16 is larger than the diameter of the opening at the other end. Preferably, the seed blowing hole 19 is a stepped hole or a conical hole to ensure that the seeds can be kept in the seed blowing hole 19 under positive pressure.

[0051] The complete seeding and fertilization process of this invention is as follows: S1: The air source 7 supplies air to the pneumatic motor 2, driving the pneumatic motor 2 to rotate, which in turn drives the seed metering disc 21 to rotate at a uniform speed, with the speed adapted to the needs of small seed sowing. S2: The exhaust gas from the pneumatic motor 2 after it is working enters the first chamber 18 through the air guide pipe 1. The exhaust gas forms a stable positive pressure of 1.5~3kPa in the first chamber 18. Under the action of positive pressure, the blowing holes 19 (hole diameter 1.6mm~1.8mm) on the seed metering plate 21 blow single small seeds from the seed chamber 20. S3: The seed metering disc 21 rotates, carrying the seeds through the flexible seed-blocking brush to scrape off excess seeds; S4: When the seed blowing hole 19 rotates to the seed feeding area, the 3m / s~6m / s gas-liquid mixed flow generated by the Venturi tube passes through the channel of the seed feeding area and washes the seeds down from the seed blowing hole 19 to avoid seed sticking; S5: The gas-liquid mixture carries the small seeds and the water-fertilizer mixture into the flexible seed guide tube 4, and finally gently applies them into the seed furrow, completing a simultaneous operation of seeding, fertilization and moisture replenishment, reducing seed damage.

[0052] In some specific implementations... The beneficial effects of this invention include: 1. Achieving secondary utilization of air source 7, saving energy and reducing consumption, and simplifying structure: This invention uses a pneumatic motor 2 to directly drive the seed metering disc 21, and at the same time recovers the exhaust gas after the pneumatic motor 2 works and connects it to the positive pressure air chamber as the power for blowing seeds. There is no need to configure an independent seed blowing fan and air supply system, which greatly simplifies the air circuit layout of the whole machine and effectively reduces the consumption of air source 7 and the equipment manufacturing cost. Compared with the traditional pure airflow guide seed metering device 3, the energy utilization rate is significantly improved.

[0053] 2. Integrated seed, fertilizer, and water management to improve seedling quality: This invention integrates a Venturi water and fertilizer mixing unit, which uses negative pressure to draw the water and fertilizer mixture to form a gas-liquid mixed flow. It can simultaneously perform fertilization and soil moisture replenishment while sowing, changing the traditional separate operation mode of sowing and fertilization. In view of the weak germination of small seeds such as rapeseed, the seeds can come into contact with the water and fertilizer medium as soon as they land, effectively improving the growth microenvironment and significantly improving the germination rate and seedling growth.

[0054] 3. High seed metering accuracy, effectively avoiding seed damage: This invention matches a special seed blowing hole 19 according to the size of small seeds and sets up a flexible brush to remove excess seeds, ensuring accurate seed picking for each seed; it uses a low-speed gas-liquid mixed flow of 3m / s~6m / s to flush the seeds, combined with a flexible seed guide tube 4, which can not only completely solve the problem of small seeds sticking and carrying seeds, but also avoid seed damage and bouncing caused by high-speed airflow impact, adapting to the needs of precision sowing of small seeds.

[0055] 4. Partitioned sealing of the cavity, strong operational stability: The present invention divides the interior of the shell 12 into a positive pressure air chamber, an exhaust chamber, and independent seeding channel 13 and water and fertilizer channel 14. The air circuit and water and fertilizer circuit are physically isolated through the sealing structure, which can effectively prevent backflow and leakage of water and fertilizer mixture, and is suitable for complex field conditions; multiple sealing structures can be flexibly selected according to the operating speed and vibration intensity, and the service life of the equipment is longer.

[0056] 5. Smooth drive and wide environmental adaptability; the blade-type pneumatic motor 2 drive is not affected by the flatness of the ground, the speed is continuously adjustable, and the transmission accuracy is high; the whole set of devices has a high degree of structural integration, small size, convenient installation, debugging and maintenance, and can be adapted to different types of field seeding implements, with a wide range of applications.

[0057] The present invention solves the following core problems through the above structure: 1. The traditional seed metering device 3 addresses the problems of incomplete seeding, asynchronous seed, fertilizer and water application, and complex systems when sowing small seeds, especially solving the pain points of seed sticking, bouncing and damage when sowing small seeds; 2. The existing seed metering device 3 has low driving accuracy and high energy consumption, wastes exhaust from the pneumatic motor 2, and requires an additional air source 7 for air blowing. It is necessary to adapt the air blowing parameters to meet the requirements of small seed sowing. 3. It integrates driving, air blowing, seeding, fertilization, and soil moisture replenishment, simplifying the structure, reducing energy consumption, and improving the sowing accuracy and germination rate of small seeds.

[0058] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device for small seeds, characterized in that, include: A seed metering device includes a housing and a seed metering disc. The seed metering disc is rotatably connected inside the housing and divides the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. The seed metering disc is circumferentially provided with a plurality of seed blowing holes that can communicate with both the first chamber and the second chamber. The second chamber is provided with an exhaust port. The housing is provided with a seed feeding channel and a water and fertilizer channel. The inlet of the seed feeding channel is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the second chamber, and the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel is in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering disc away from the first chamber. A pneumatic motor, the output end of which is connected to the seed metering disc and can drive the seed metering disc to rotate about its axis relative to the housing; when the seed metering disc rotates about its axis, each of the seed blowing holes can be connected to both the seed feeding channel and the water and fertilizer channel, and the seed feeding channel and the water and fertilizer channel can be connected to the same seed blowing hole; the pneumatic motor has a motor exhaust port, which can be connected to the first chamber.

2. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure; the first sealing structure is disposed between the inlet of the seeding channel and the end face of the seed metering tray away from the second chamber, and makes the inlet of the seeding channel in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray; the second sealing structure is disposed between the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel and the end face of the seed metering tray away from the first chamber, and makes the outlet of the water and fertilizer channel in sealed contact with the end face of the seed metering tray.

3. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first sealing structure can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole away from the second chamber, and the second sealing structure can completely block the opening of the seed blowing hole away from the first chamber.

4. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a venturi tube body and an air source. The venturi tube body is provided with a water-fertilizer mixture inlet. The air inlet of the venturi tube body is sealed to the air outlet of the air source. The outlet of the venturi tube body is sealed to the inlet of the water-fertilizer channel. The water-fertilizer mixture inlet is used to connect to the water-fertilizer tank.

5. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner hole of the first sealing structure is always in communication with at least one of the seed blowing holes, and the inner hole of the second sealing structure is always in communication with at least one of the seed blowing holes.

6. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, All the seed blowing holes are equally spaced along a predetermined circular trajectory; the circumferential length of the inner hole of the first sealing structure along the predetermined circular trajectory is greater than the circumferential interval length between the centers of two adjacent seed blowing holes along the predetermined circular trajectory.

7. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a first pneumatic valve block, the inlet and outlet of which are connected and communicated with the outlet of the gas source and the inlet of the venturi tube body, respectively. The first pneumatic valve block can regulate the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the venturi tube body.

8. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second pneumatic valve block, the air inlet of the pneumatic motor is used to connect to an air source, the inlet and outlet of the second pneumatic valve block are respectively connected and communicated with the outlet of the air source and the inlet of the pneumatic motor, and the second pneumatic valve block can adjust the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the pneumatic motor.

9. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a seed cleaning brush. The lower end of the first chamber is a seed chamber. The seed cleaning brush is disposed in the first chamber and between the seed chamber and the seed feeding channel. The seed cleaning brush can clean the seeds that have not entered the blowing hole on the end face of the seed dispensing tray away from the second chamber.

10. The pneumatic motor-driven, exhaust-reuse integrated water and fertilizer seed metering device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cleaning brush is a flexible brush.

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