Compound foliar sprays applied after wheat flowering and their application in the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and quality.

Abstract

This invention relates to a compound foliar spray for post-flowering application of wheat and its application in synergistically improving wheat yield and quality. The post-flowering compound foliar spray contains three active ingredients: 50-150 μmol / L melatonin; 0.2%-0.4% (w / v) zinc source; and 0.3%-0.5% (w / v) phosphorus and potassium source. Through systematic research, the inventors discovered that combining melatonin, zinc source, and phosphorus and potassium source in a specific ratio and applying them twice after flowering to strong gluten wheat produces a significant synergistic effect. This spray can synergistically enhance the activity of key enzymes in wheat carbon and nitrogen metabolism, optimize the grain-filling process, promote photosynthetic product synthesis and nitrogen assimilation, and reshape dry matter and nitrogen distribution. This invention significantly increases yield while comprehensively improving the processing quality of strong gluten wheat, including protein composition, starch characteristics, and dough rheology, truly achieving a synergistic improvement in both yield and quality, solving the problem of simultaneously improving yield and quality in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a compound foliar spray for application after wheat flowering, and the application of this spray in synergistically improving the yield and processing quality of wheat, especially strong gluten wheat. Background Technology

[0002] Strong gluten wheat is a key raw material for producing high-value-added foods such as high-quality bread and noodles. Its final yield and quality are highly dependent on the grain-filling period after flowering. However, during the grain-filling period, the wheat root system's absorption capacity gradually declines, while the demand for nutrients such as photosynthetic products (carbon) and nitrogen reaches its peak. This leads to an imbalance between the supply and demand of nutrients from the wheat source and sink, and insufficient coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which becomes a key bottleneck restricting the coordinated improvement of yield and quality.

[0003] To alleviate this problem, foliar spraying of exogenous nutrients or regulators is commonly used in production. Currently, commonly used sprays include single-component potassium dihydrogen phosphate or zinc fertilizers, as well as binary compound formulations of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. While these methods promote wheat growth to some extent, they still have the following significant shortcomings: 1. Limited regulatory dimensions. Existing technologies mostly focus on supplementing one or two nutrients, lacking the ability to systematically and synergistically regulate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism processes of wheat, making it difficult to optimize the grain-filling process and the "source-flow-sink" relationship as a whole.

[0004] 2. It is difficult to achieve a simultaneous increase in yield and quality. Some technical solutions can increase yield, but their effect on improving processing quality (such as protein composition, dough rheological properties, and gluten macromer content) is limited; conversely, some solutions that focus on improving quality do not show significant yield increases. Currently, there is a lack of an effective technical means to achieve simultaneous increases in both yield and quality.

[0005] Therefore, developing a composite foliar spraying technology that can synergistically regulate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of strong gluten wheat after flowering and optimize the grain-filling process, thereby achieving simultaneous improvement in yield and processing quality, has outstanding industrial application value and market prospects.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the background technology of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problem in existing technologies where the single method of post-flowering regulation of strong gluten wheat makes it difficult to synergistically regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism to simultaneously improve yield and processing quality, the inventors have discovered through systematic research that a specific ratio of melatonin, zinc, and phosphorus / potassium sources, applied twice after flowering in strong gluten wheat, can produce a significant synergistic effect. This synergistically enhances the activity of key enzymes in wheat carbon and nitrogen metabolism, optimizes the grain-filling process, and ultimately achieves a synergistic improvement in both yield and processing quality of strong gluten wheat.

[0008] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a compound foliar spray for post-flowering application of wheat is provided, the spray comprising the following active ingredients: Melatonin, its concentration in the spray agent is 50~150 μmol / L; The zinc source, calculated as elemental zinc, has a mass-volume ratio of 0.2% to 0.4% (w / v) in the spray agent. The phosphorus and potassium source is present in the spray agent at a mass-volume ratio of 0.3% to 0.5% (w / v).

[0009] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the zinc source is at least one selected from zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, or chelated zinc; and the phosphorus and potassium source is at least one selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or potassium pyrophosphate.

[0010] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the concentration of melatonin is 100 μmol / L; the zinc source is zinc oxide, and the mass-volume ratio based on elemental zinc is 0.3% (w / v); the phosphorus and potassium source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass-volume ratio is 0.4% (w / v).

[0011] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the composite foliar spray uses water as a solvent and has a pH value of 6.5 to 7.0.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the application of the compound foliar spray in improving wheat yield, nutritional quality and / or processing quality is provided.

[0013] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the increase in wheat yield is embodied in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat; (2) Increase the grouting rate; (3) Enhances the activity of wheat carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes; (4) Increase the amount of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and their contribution to grain after flowering.

[0014] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the improvement in wheat nutritional quality is embodied in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the total protein content of grains; (2) Increase the content of prolamins and / or glutenins; (3) Increase the total starch and / or amylopectin content; (4) Increase grain bulk density.

[0015] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the improvement in wheat processing quality is embodied in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the content of wet gluten, sedimentation value and / or gluten macromer content; (2) Extend the dough formation time and / or stability time; (3) Increase the stretching area and / or the maximum stretching resistance; (4) Increase the gelatinization viscosity of wheat starch.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method for synergistically improving the yield and processing quality of strong gluten wheat is provided, comprising the following steps: spraying the wheat with the above-mentioned compound foliar spray during the grain-filling stage after flowering.

[0017] In some embodiments of this disclosure, foliar spraying is performed twice, on the 7th and 15th day after wheat flowering, with each application amounting to 30-45 L / 666.7m³. 2 Spraying should be done in the evening or early morning on a windless, sunny day to ensure the leaves are fully moistened.

[0018] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least one of the following technical effects or advantages: 1. Synergistic Effect of Product Components for Systemic Regulation: This invention is the first to combine melatonin, zinc, and phosphorus / potassium sources in a ternary compound. Melatonin acts as a signaling molecule, participating in the regulation of the expression of key genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism; zinc, as a cofactor for various metabolic enzymes, effectively promotes nitrogen assimilation; and phosphorus and potassium act as energy carriers and driving forces for the transport of assimilated products, enhancing the smoothness of the "flow." The synergistic effect of these three components overcomes the limitations of single-component or simple binary compound regulation, achieving systematic and synergistic regulation of post-flowering carbon and nitrogen metabolism, grain-filling process, and the "source-flow-sink" relationship in wheat.

[0019] 2. Optimization of grain-filling kinetics significantly improves yield: Using the preferred formulation of this invention (100 μmol / L melatonin + 0.3% zinc oxide + 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), applied twice on days 7 and 15 after flowering, the grain-filling kinetics of strong gluten wheat were significantly optimized: the maximum grain-filling rate occurred 2-3 days earlier, the average grain-filling rate increased by 18.35%-20.00%, and the grain-filling intensity was significantly enhanced. This optimization of the grain-filling process directly promoted grain filling. Field trials on two tested varieties (Xinmai 58 and Yunong 908) showed that the thousand-grain weight increased by 20.32% and 17.46%, respectively, and the yield increased by 18.35%–21.84%.

[0020] 3. Synergistic enhancement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and optimization of nutrient allocation: This compound spray significantly increases the activity of key carbon metabolism enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase SPS, sucrose synthase SS) and key nitrogen metabolism enzymes (nitrate reductase NR, glutamine synthase GS) in flag leaves and grains, promoting the synthesis of photosynthetic products and nitrogen assimilation. Post-flowering dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, and their contribution to grain production are all significantly increased, and the "source-flow-sink" relationship is coordinated and optimized, laying a solid material foundation for high yield and quality.

[0021] 4. Systematically improves processing quality and achieves synergistic effects on product quality: This invention has a comprehensive and significant effect on improving the processing quality of strong gluten wheat, specifically reflected in: ① Protein quality: The total protein content of the grain increased by 2.08% to 3.62%, the content of prolamins and glutenins increased significantly, and the content of glutenin macromers (GMP) increased by 20.57% to 24.93%.

[0022] ② Starch quality: Increased amylopectin content and amylopectin-to-molecular-weight ratio significantly improve starch gelatinization characteristics (peak viscosity, final viscosity, etc.); ③ Dough rheological properties: wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and bulk density are significantly improved; dough formation time and stability time are significantly prolonged; and tensile properties (maximum tensile resistance and extensibility) are optimized. ④ Grinding quality: The powder yield and ash content have also been improved.

[0023] In summary, this invention significantly increases yield while comprehensively improving the nutritional quality and processing suitability of strong gluten wheat, truly achieving a synergistic improvement in both high yield and quality, and providing a new technical solution for the green and efficient production of high-quality strong gluten wheat. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a dynamic change diagram of the grain filling rate of Xinmai 58 after spraying a compound foliar spray agent in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a dynamic change diagram of the grouting rate of Yunong 908 after spraying a compound foliar spray agent in one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a comparative diagram of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity in the flag leaves of Xinmai 58 30 days after flowering, following the application of a compound foliar spray in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a comparative diagram of the activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in grains 30 days after flowering, following the application of a compound foliar spray to Xinmai 58 wheat variety in one embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of grain GMP content after spraying a compound foliar spray agent in one embodiment of this application, where * indicates a significant difference ( p <0.05); ** indicates a highly significant difference ( p <0.01); ns indicates that the difference did not reach the statistical significance level. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this application, detailed descriptions will be provided below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, equipment, and industrial raw materials involved in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, equipment, and commercially available conventional industrial raw materials; the processing and manufacturing methods involved are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0030] Definitions of abbreviations and key terms used in the embodiments: Table 1. Definitions of Abbreviations and Key Terms .

[0031] Example 1: Preparation and Efficacy Verification of Compound Foliar Spray 1. Materials and Methods This example discloses a compound exogenous substance composition (hereinafter referred to as "compound agent") for post-flowering spraying of strong gluten wheat, which is prepared from the following components in the following mass-volume ratio: 1) Melatonin: 100 μmol / L; 2) Zinc oxide (ZnO, calculated as Zn): 0.3% (w / v); 3) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4): 0.4% (w / v); 4) Use deionized water as the solvent and adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0 with dilute alkali or acid solution.

[0032] Using the strong gluten wheat varieties Xinmai 58 and Yunong 908 as experimental materials, foliar spraying was carried out twice, on the 7th and 15th day after wheat flowering. The prepared compound agent was sprayed in the evening on a windless, sunny day at a rate of 30 L / mu. A control treatment (CK) was also included, which sprayed with water. Each treatment was replicated in triplicate in a randomized block design.

[0033] 2. Results Analysis: 2.1 Effects on thousand-grain weight and yield As shown in Table 2, compared with the control (CK), the application of the compound agent of this invention (F treatment) significantly increased the thousand-grain weight and actual yield of both wheat varieties. The thousand-grain weight and yield of Xinmai 58 (XM58-F) increased by 20.32% and 21.84%, respectively; while the thousand-grain weight and yield of Yunong 908 (YN908-F) increased by 17.46% and 18.35%, respectively. This indicates that the compound agent of this invention can effectively promote grain filling and significantly increase wheat yield.

[0034] Table 2. Comparison of 1,000-grain weight and yield of winter wheat after spraying with compound agent. .

[0035] 2.2 Impact on Grain Filling Dynamics After spraying the compound agent, the wheat grain filling dynamics showed optimized characteristics of "significantly improved rate and slightly shortened active grain filling period" (see Table 3). Figure 1 and Figure 2 Specifically, the maximum grain-filling rates of XM58 and YN908 increased by 16.26% and 26.61%, respectively, while the average grain-filling rate increased by 18.35% to 20.0%, and the active grain-filling time was only shortened by 2.31% to 6.36%. This grain-filling mode of "compensating for minor time loss with rate gain" ensures an increase in the total amount of dry matter accumulation, which is the core physiological basis for the improvement of thousand-grain weight and yield. The differences between varieties also indicate that the compound agent of this invention is effective for varieties with different genetic backgrounds, and the optimized mode has universality.

[0036] Table 3 Dynamic parameters of winter wheat grain filling after spraying compound agent .

[0037] 2.3 Effects on the activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes After spraying the compound agent, the activities of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the flag leaves and grains of the tested wheat were significantly increased (see Tables 4 and 5).

[0038] Carbon metabolism enzymes (SS, SPS): The activities of SS and SPS in flag leaves and grains were significantly increased after treatment, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure. This means that the flag leaf's photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity is enhanced, and the efficiency of transporting synthesized organic matter such as sucrose to the grains is improved, providing a sufficient carbon source guarantee for grain filling.

[0039] Nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR, GS): The activities of NR and GS were significantly enhanced in both flag leaves and grains, especially in flag leaves 30 days after flowering, where the NR activity increased by as much as 28.59%. Figure 4 As shown in the table, this indicates a significant improvement in the plant's ability to absorb, reduce, and assimilate nitrogen, providing an ample nitrogen source for the accumulation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as proteins in the grains.

[0040] The results show that the compound agent of the present invention can synergistically activate carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathways, ensuring the production and output of substances at the "source" (flag leaf) end and enhancing the receiving and storage capacity at the "sink" (grain) end, thus laying a physiological and biochemical foundation for the synergistic improvement of yield and quality.

[0041] Table 4. Comparison of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in the flag leaves of winter wheat after spraying with compound agent. .

[0042] Table 5. Comparison of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in winter wheat grains after spraying with compound agent. .

[0043] 2.4 Effects on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transport The compound agent of this invention significantly reshapes the distribution pattern of dry matter and nitrogen in wheat, with the core feature being "inhibition of pre-flowering translocation and enhancement of post-flowering accumulation" (see Tables 6 and 7): Dry matter: After spraying the compound agent, the translocation amount, translocation rate, and contribution rate of pre-flowering dry matter all decreased significantly, while the accumulation amount and contribution rate of post-flowering dry matter increased significantly (by 12.80% and 7.32%, respectively). This indicates that the distribution strategy of photosynthetic products has shifted from relying on pre-flowering storage to relying on post-flowering synthesis, which can more accurately match the demand during the peak grain filling period.

[0044] Nitrogen: The regulation of nitrogen was more significant. The increase in nitrogen accumulation after flowering was enormous (159.5% increase for Xinmai 58), far exceeding the increase in dry matter. This is attributed to the increased activity of NR / GS enzymes after flowering, which enhanced nitrogen assimilation capacity and provided a sufficient nitrogen source for grain protein synthesis.

[0045] In summary, the compound agent of this invention achieves dual-channel post-flowering enhancement through both the "carbon skeleton" and the "nitrogen source," synergistically supporting the simultaneous accumulation of starch and protein in the grains. This is the core physiological mechanism for achieving a synergistic improvement in both high yield and quality. Its yield-guaranteeing logic is clear: the synergistic increase in the contribution rate of dry matter and nitrogen after flowering jointly drives a significant increase in thousand-grain weight, thereby leading to increased yield. This fully verifies that "efficient accumulation of post-flowering substances" is the core pathway for the compound agent of this invention to achieve yield increase.

[0046] Table 6 Comparison of dry matter accumulation and translocation in winter wheat after spraying with compound agent .

[0047] Table 7 Comparison of nitrogen accumulation and translocation in winter wheat after application of compound fertilizer .

[0048] 2.5 Impact on wheat processing quality As shown in Table 8, the application of the compound agent of this invention has a comprehensive and significant positive regulatory effect on the processing quality of two strong gluten wheat varieties, XM58 and YN908.

[0049] Regarding protein and gluten quality, the compound agent significantly increased the content of total protein, prolamins, and glutenin, with a greater increase in glutenin, thus optimizing the "elasticity-extensibility" structure of gluten. Wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and GMP content were simultaneously and significantly improved (see the comparison chart of grain GMP content at maturity after spraying the compound agent). Figure 5 As shown in the figure, it directly enhances gluten strength and polymerization stability. The dough formation time, stabilization time, stretching area, and maximum stretching resistance all increased significantly, indicating that the dough's resistance to mixing and stretching was significantly enhanced, making it more suitable for processing high-gluten dough products such as bread and ramen.

[0050] In terms of starch quality, the total starch and amylopectin content are increased, the amylopectin-to-molecular-weight ratio is significantly increased, and the starch gelatinization characteristics (peak viscosity, valley viscosity, and final viscosity) are improved, indicating that the flour products will have a softer and more glutinous texture, and can delay starch aging and improve the edible quality after refrigeration.

[0051] In terms of product quality and milling quality, the increased bulk density indicates fuller grains, which helps to improve flour yield and flour color, thereby enhancing the market grade and economic benefits of wheat.

[0052] The differences in response among varieties also provide a basis for on-demand regulation: XM58 shows more significant increases in core indicators of strong gluten, such as glutenin, stability time, and GMP content, and is more likely to be cultivated into high-quality strong gluten wheat through the technology of this invention; while YN908 performs better in indicators that affect the quality of steaming and cooking, such as gliadin and branch-to-straightness ratio.

[0053] Table 8 Comparison of quality traits of winter wheat after spraying compound agent .

[0054] Table 9 Comparison of winter wheat milling data after spraying compound agent .

[0055] As can be seen from the above, the compound foliar spray agent disclosed herein can significantly optimize the efficient accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen after flowering by synergistically activating the activity of key enzymes in carbon metabolism (SS, SPS, carbon source synthesis) and key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism (NR, GS, nitrogen assimilation) in flag leaves and grains, thereby improving the grain filling rate, thousand-grain weight, and actual yield. At the same time, this compound agent comprehensively improves the protein composition, starch structural characteristics, and dough rheological indices of grains, achieving a synergistic unity of high yield and high quality. Its mechanism of action can be summarized as "metabolic activation → accelerated grain filling → source-sink synergy," reshaping the traditional model of "passively relying on pre-flowering storage" during the wheat grain filling period into a precise regulation paradigm of "actively driving efficient accumulation after flowering."

[0056] Example 2: Comparison of synergistic effects of different group proportions This example discloses a series of composite exogenous substance compositions with different ratios, aiming to compare and verify the contribution of each component to synergistically improving yield and quality, and to screen the optimal ratio. The combination ratios are shown in Table 10.

[0057] Table 10: Proportional Relationships of a Series of Composite Exogenous Substance Compositions .

[0058] Results and analysis (Tables 11 and 12): All treatments significantly increased wheat yield, but the regulatory effects of different ratios on yield composition, protein quality and starch characteristics were significantly different.

[0059] 1. Control of production output and grouting rate All treatments significantly increased yield, ranging from 9.74% to 21.84%. Among them, the F ratio showed the highest yield increase in both varieties (XM58: 21.84%; YN908: 18.35%). The P, MET and ZN ratios also had a stable yield-increasing effect, followed by the P ratio in XM58 (18.17%) and the MET ratio in YN908 (15.64%).

[0060] Regarding grouting rate, all treatments significantly increased the maximum grouting rate. In XM58, the F ratio showed the highest increase (16.26%), while the other ratios increased by 12%–14%. In YN908, the MET ratio showed the highest increase (30.73%), followed by the F ratio (26.61%), and the P and ZN ratios also increased by over 20%. The results indicate that the optimal F ratio at the median concentration has the strongest synergistic effect and is the core ratio for achieving increased yield.

[0061] 2. Regulation of protein and gluten quality All treatments slightly increased the total protein content, with the F ratio showing the largest increase. The F, ZN, and P ratios all significantly increased the content of gliadin and glutenin, with glutenin showing a higher increase than gliadin, thus optimizing the elastic-extensive structure of gluten. While the MET ratio increased glutenin, it had a weaker effect on increasing gliadin and exhibited negative regulation in sedimentation value and GMP content.

[0062] All treatments significantly increased the wet gluten content (XM58 increased by 6.7%~11.07%; YN908 increased by 4.00%~9.48%). The F, ZN, P ratio significantly increased the sedimentation value (XM58 increased by 15.18%~17.95%; YN908 increased by 4.30%~5.96%) and GMP content (XM58 increased by 20.57%~25.71%; YN908 increased by 25.17%~26.85%), indicating a significant improvement in gluten polymerization degree and stability; the MET ratio, on the other hand, led to a significant decrease in both.

[0063] The ratio of F, ZN, and P significantly prolongs dough formation time and stability time, increases maximum tensile resistance, and enhances dough's resistance to mixing and stretching. The MET ratio, however, weakens dough processing performance.

[0064] 3. Regulation of starch and gelatinization properties The ratios of F, MET, and P all increased the total starch content (XM58 increased by 2.36%~3.22%; YN908 increased by 5.12%~6.70%), while the ZN ratio led to a decrease in the total starch content.

[0065] The F ratio alone significantly increases the amylopectin content and amylopectin-to-stickaline ratio, optimizing starch gelatinization characteristics and making it the optimal choice for improving the edible quality of starch. The F and Zn ratio significantly increases peak viscosity (XM58 increases by 8.67%~10.93%; YN908 increases by 5.21%~10.10%), while the MET and P ratio leads to a decrease in peak viscosity.

[0066] 4. Variety Response Differences Xinmai 58 is more sensitive to compound spraying agents, showing greater increases in gluten strength indicators such as glutenin, GMP content, and stability time, making it easier to cultivate into high-quality, strong-gluten wheat. Yunong 908 shows more outstanding performance in improving grain filling rate and starch content, making it suitable for achieving synergistic optimization of yield and cooking quality.

[0067] In conclusion, the F ratio (100 μmol / L melatonin + 0.3% ZnO + 0.4% KH2PO4) achieved synergistic improvements in yield and quality in both varieties. It is the only ratio that simultaneously enhances grain filling rate, optimizes protein and starch structure, and improves dough processing performance, making it suitable for targeted breeding of high-quality, strong-gluten wheat. The ZN ratio showed excellent performance in improving gluten strength, but with a slight decrease in total starch content, making it suitable for production scenarios that prioritize strong gluten quality and have lower requirements for starch content. The P ratio showed stable performance in yield, protein, and gluten quality, and significantly increased total starch content, making it a prudent choice that balances yield and processing quality. In summary, the effect of the compound spray agent of this invention is highly dependent on the ratio design and needs to be precisely selected according to variety characteristics and production objectives.

[0068] Based on the above embodiments, it can be seen that the compound foliar spray of the present invention, through the synergistic effect of its specific components at specific concentrations, can significantly activate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wheat after flowering, optimize the grain filling process and material distribution, and significantly improve the yield while comprehensively and systematically enhancing the processing quality of strong gluten wheat.

[0069] Table 11 Comparison of the effects of different spray formulations on the yield and quality of Xinmai 58 wheat. .

[0070] Table 12 Comparison of the effects of different spray formulations on the yield and quality of Yunong 908 mulberry. .

[0071] Although some preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A compound foliar spray for post-flowering application of wheat, characterized in that, The spray agent contains the following active ingredients: Melatonin, its concentration in the spray agent is 50~150 μmol / L; The zinc source, calculated as elemental zinc, has a mass-volume ratio of 0.2% to 0.4% in the spray agent; The phosphorus and potassium source has a mass-volume ratio of 0.3% to 0.5% in the spray agent.

2. The composite foliar spray agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The zinc source is at least one selected from zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, or chelated zinc; the phosphorus and potassium source is at least one selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or potassium pyrophosphate.

3. The composite foliar spray agent as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The concentration of melatonin is 100 μmol / L; the zinc source is zinc oxide, and the mass-volume ratio based on zinc element is 0.3%; the phosphorus and potassium source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and its mass-volume ratio is 0.4%.

4. The composite foliar spray as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The compound foliar spray uses water as a solvent and has a pH value of 6.5-7.

0.

5. The application of the compound foliar spray as described in any one of claims 1-4 in improving wheat yield, nutritional quality and / or processing quality.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The increase in wheat yield is reflected in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat; (2) Increase the grouting rate; (3) Enhances the activity of wheat carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes; (4) Increase the amount of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and their contribution to grain after flowering.

7. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The improvement in the nutritional quality of wheat is reflected in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the total protein content of grains; (2) Increase the content of prolamins and / or glutenins; (3) Increase the total starch and / or amylopectin content; (4) Increase grain bulk density.

8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The improvement in wheat processing quality is reflected in at least one of the following: (1) Increase the content of wet gluten, sedimentation value and / or gluten macromer content; (2) Extend the dough formation time and / or stability time; (3) Increase the stretching area and / or the maximum stretching resistance; (4) Increase the gelatinization viscosity of wheat starch.

9. A method for synergistically improving the yield and processing quality of strong gluten wheat, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During the grain-filling stage after flowering of strong gluten wheat, the compound foliar spray agent described in claim 1 is sprayed onto the wheat.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Foliar spraying was applied twice, on the 7th and 15th day after wheat flowering, with each application using 30-45 liters per 666.7 m². 2 Spraying should be done in the evening or early morning on a windless, sunny day to ensure the leaves are fully moistened.

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