Large bend laser filler welding forming equipment based on double half pipe bevel joint

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of elbow welding and discloses a large elbow laser filler welding forming equipment based on double-half-pipe bevel seams, which comprises a welding part, the welding part comprises a base, the middle part of the base is fixedly connected with a base seat, the upper surface of the base seat is rotationally connected with a rotating shaft, the outer surface of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, the outer end of the connecting rod is slidably connected with a cantilever arm, the outer end of the cantilever arm is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped rod, and the outer end of the arc-shaped rod is fixedly connected with a connecting block. The large elbow laser filler welding forming equipment based on double-half-pipe bevel seams can effectively solve the problem that, in the prior art, due to the large bending radius of the large elbow, the arc-shaped moving welding arm has a long outward extension distance, the force arm is too long, and in the equipment rotating process, the laser welding head installed at the end of the long arm continuously generates radial shaking and trembling, the laser focal point deviates from the preset arc-shaped seam groove, and thus the problem of weld offset welding is caused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elbow welding technology, specifically to a large-scale elbow laser filler welding forming equipment based on a double-half-pipe beveled joint. Background Technology

[0002] Large elbows are critical connectors in pipeline systems across petrochemical, nuclear power, water conservancy, and shipbuilding industries. They are typically formed by welding together two symmetrical half-pipes. Large elbows cannot be stamped as a single piece; instead, two fan-shaped sections of identical size and shape are cut from raw steel plates. The cut material is then heated, placed into a specific mold for pressing, and cooled to form a half-pipe. For subsequent welding, beveled seams are cut into the sides of the pressed half-pipe.

[0003] In the existing technology, for welding operations on the inner wall joints of elbows, a solution has been proposed to use an arc-shaped moving welding arm that extends into the elbow to drive the welding torch for welding. However, due to the large bending radius of large elbows, the existing arc-shaped moving welding arm has a long extension distance and an excessively long lever arm. During the equipment rotation and torch movement process, the laser welding head installed at the end of the long arm will continuously generate radial shaking and vibration, causing the laser focus to deviate from the preset arc-shaped joint bevel, which will result in weld misalignment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a laser filler welding forming device for large elbows based on double-half-pipe bevel joints. This device effectively solves the problem in existing technologies where, due to the large bending radius of large elbows and the long extension distance and excessive lever arm of existing arc-shaped moving welding arms, the laser welding head installed at the end of the long arm continuously generates radial sway and vibration during equipment rotation, causing the laser focus to deviate from the preset arc-shaped joint bevel, thus resulting in weld misalignment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints, comprising: The welding section includes a base, a pedestal fixedly connected to the center of the base, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base, a connecting rod fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft, a cantilever arm slidably connected to the outer end of the connecting rod, an arc-shaped rod fixedly connected to the outer end of the cantilever arm, a connecting block fixedly connected to the end of the arc-shaped rod away from the cantilever arm, a laser head connected to the connecting block via an adjusting component inside, and a support plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer end of the connecting rod, which fits against the lower surface of the cantilever arm, allowing the cantilever arm and the connecting rod to slide horizontally. Essentially, this changes the distance from the center point of the connecting block to the axis of the rotating shaft, i.e., according to the actual bending radius of the elbow, making the bending radius of the elbow equal to the distance from the connecting block to the rotating shaft. A placement section is used to support the elbow pipe.

[0006] The adjusting component includes a drive shaft, the outer end of which is fixedly connected to a drive tooth embedded inside a connecting block. The connecting block has a horizontal rack that meshes with the teeth on the outer surface of the drive tooth. There are two horizontal racks, which are centrally symmetrical about the axis of the drive shaft. The outer end of each horizontal rack is fixedly connected to a connecting lug, and the interior of the connecting lug is hinged to the outer surface of the laser head.

[0007] Furthermore, the placement part includes an arc-shaped seat, the inner surface of which is an arc surface, and a groove is formed on the upper surface of the base. A slider that slides slidably with the inner wall of the groove is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the arc-shaped seat. A positioning element for fixing the elbow tube is provided inside the arc-shaped seat. The geometric center of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat is located on the same horizontal plane as the axis of the laser head.

[0008] Furthermore, two arc-shaped rods are provided, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cantilever arm, and fixedly connected to both ends of the cantilever arm respectively. A vertical rack is provided on the side of the horizontal rack, slidingly connected to the inside of the connecting block. The side of the vertical rack meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the drive gear. Two vertical racks are provided, centrally symmetrically distributed about the axis of the transmission shaft. A roller is rotatably connected to the outer end of the vertical rack, fitting against the inner wall surface of the elbow pipe. The distance from the centerline of the transmission shaft to the farthest point on the outer circumference of the roller is the same as the distance from the centerline of the transmission shaft to the focal point of the laser head. A drive motor is provided inside the arc-shaped rod, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the inner end of the transmission shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the slide groove is provided in several places, and the intersection of the extension lines of the slide groove coincides with the center line of the rotating shaft. The positioning component includes a telescopic rod that is slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat. A positioning block is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod near the geometric center of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat. A helical gear is rotatably connected inside the arc-shaped seat. A tooth groove that meshes with the outer circumferential surface of the helical gear is provided on the outer side of the telescopic rod. The wheel body of the helical gear passes through the arc-shaped seat and meshes with an arc-shaped toothed rod. An arc-shaped groove is provided on the side of the arc-shaped seat. The arc-shaped toothed rod is slidably connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped groove. The arc-shaped seat is connected to a transmission tooth by a motor installed inside it. The outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped toothed rod is provided with teeth that mesh with the outer surface of the transmission teeth. The telescopic rod is arranged along the radial direction of the arc-shaped seat and can slide and extend along the radial direction of the arc-shaped seat.

[0010] Furthermore, a V-shaped groove is provided on the side of the positioning block away from the arc-shaped seat, and the inner wall surface of the V-shaped groove is covered with an elastic layer.

[0011] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This invention extends a long connecting rod via a rotating shaft. Utilizing a cantilever arm with an internal sliding assembly and an arc-shaped rod structure, the arc-shaped rod's arc-shaped structure allows for smooth insertion into the narrow inner wall space of the elbow pipe. Simultaneously, the end connecting block is compact and highly integrated, allowing for easy access to the arc-shaped working area inside the elbow pipe. The entire machine, relying on the arc-shaped trajectory of the rod and the rotational motion of the rotating shaft, achieves complete arc-shaped closed-loop welding of the beveled seam on the inner side of the elbow, effectively meeting the welding requirements of large elbow inner walls.

[0012] 2. This invention uses a horizontal sliding connection structure between the cantilever arm and the connecting rod, making the distance from the center point of the connecting block to the axis of rotation adjustable, thus adapting it to the practical use of elbows with different bending radii. This ensures that the bending radius of the elbow is equal to the distance from the connecting block to the axis of rotation, guaranteeing that the laser head can make precise rotational movements along the arc trajectory of the elbow joint, achieving universal welding for elbows of different specifications. Simultaneously, the placement part uses a lead screw to drive the arc-shaped seat to move along the slide groove, and the intersection of the extension lines of the two sets of slide grooves coincides with the axis of rotation, ensuring that the arc center of the arc seat always falls on the circumferential trajectory of the welding rotation center. Regardless of the curvature specification of the elbow, this equipment can achieve the coincidence of the workpiece positioning arc center and the welding rotation center, solving the trajectory offset problem caused by the misalignment of the reference in traditional equipment. It can be applied to the welding of large elbows of multiple specifications without changing tooling, improving the equipment's versatility and production changeover efficiency.

[0013] 3. This invention features three sets of evenly spaced positioning elements inside the arc-shaped seat. These three positioning blocks clamp the elbow pipe synchronously from the inner left, inner bottom, and inner right sides, respectively. During clamping, the helical gear is driven to rotate via the arc-shaped toothed rod, which in turn causes the telescopic rod and positioning blocks to retract radially synchronously. Guided by the V-shaped groove, the three positioning blocks automatically push the center of the elbow pipe to coincide with the geometric center of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat, achieving automatic three-point centering. Compared to existing technologies that use manual hammering or simple pressing for alignment, this invention, through its three-point evenly distributed synchronous contraction mechanical linkage structure, ensures precise alignment of the elbow pipe's axis with the center line of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat. Furthermore, the V-shaped groove combined with the elastic layer design can accommodate elbows of different diameters while preventing damage to the workpiece surface during clamping.

[0014] 4. This invention achieves the linkage between the laser head's position adjustment and the roller's contact action on the same drive gear through an adjusting component, thus realizing the linkage between the laser head's focal point and the roller's outer surface. Since the distance from the centerline of the drive shaft to the farthest point on the roller's outer circumference is exactly the same as the distance from the drive shaft's centerline to the laser head's focal point, when the roller rolls against the inner wall of the elbow pipe under the drive of the vertical rack, the laser head's focal point always maintains a constant distance from the elbow pipe's inner wall. Before welding, the roller uses the elbow pipe's inner wall as a real-time reference plane, ensuring that the laser head's focal point remains consistent throughout the entire weld length, guaranteeing uniform weld penetration and consistent weld formation.

[0015] 5. This invention features two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped rods at both ends of the cantilever arm. Each arc-shaped rod has two sets of laser heads (corresponding to the inner and outer arc-shaped seams, respectively) connected to its outer end via a connecting block. The four laser heads, in conjunction with the forward and reverse rotation of the shaft, weld the seams on the right and left ends of the elbow pipe, respectively. This method is applicable to welding elbow pipes of various angles within 180 degrees. During welding, the forward rotation phase completes the simultaneous welding of the inner and outer arcs on the right end, while the reverse rotation phase completes the simultaneous welding of the inner and outer arcs on the left end, achieving continuous and efficient welding of the entire elbow seam. Compared to existing technologies where single-end welding requires multiple clamping or gun passes, this invention reduces auxiliary time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the welded part according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting component, connecting block, and laser head according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the base, rotating shaft, and sliding groove according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the placement part and the elbow pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the placement part and the elbow pipe from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped seat and positioning element according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the separated structure of the arc-shaped seat and the positioning element according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process conversion structure of the cantilever arm, arc rod, connecting block and laser head in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The labels in the diagram represent: 100. Elbow pipe; 2. Welding part; 21. Base; 211. Base; 212. Slide groove; 22. Rotating shaft; 23. Connecting rod; 24. Cantilever arm; 25. Arc rod; 26. Connecting block; 27. Adjusting component; 271. Drive shaft; 272. Drive gear; 273. Horizontal rack; 274. Connecting lug; 275. Vertical rack; 276. Roller; 28. Laser head; 3. Placement part; 31. Arc seat; 311. Arc groove; 32. Slider; 33. Positioning component; 331. Telescopic rod; 3311. Gear groove; 332. Positioning block; 3321. V-groove; 333. Helical gear; 334. Arc rack. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0021] Example:

[0022] Please see Figures 1-9This invention provides a technical solution: a large elbow laser filler welding and forming equipment based on double-half-pipe beveled joints, comprising: Welding section 2 includes a base 21, with a pedestal 211 fixedly connected to the middle of the base 21. A rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the pedestal 211. The base 21 serves as the load-bearing foundation for the entire welding section 2 and adopts a box-type welding structure. A servo rotary reducer and electrical control components are installed inside. The pedestal 211 is fixedly connected to the middle of the base 21, and the pedestal 211 is fastened to the upper surface of the base 21 by anchor bolts. The rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the pedestal 211 via a bearing seat. The rotating shaft 22 is arranged vertically, and its lower end is connected to the output shaft of the servo rotary reducer, allowing it to rotate in both directions around its own axis under the drive of the servo rotary reducer. A connecting rod 23 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 22. A cantilever arm 24 is slidably connected to the outer end of the connecting rod 23. An arc-shaped rod 25 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cantilever arm 24. A connecting block 26 is fixedly connected to the end of the arc-shaped rod 25 away from the cantilever arm 24. A laser head 28 is connected to the connecting block 26 through an adjusting component 27 located inside it. A support plate that fits against the lower surface of the cantilever arm 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer end of the connecting rod 23. The essence of making the cantilever arm 24 and the connecting rod 23 slide horizontally is to change the distance from the center point of the connecting block 26 to the axis of the rotating shaft 22. That is, according to the actual bending radius of the bend, the bending radius of the bend is made equal to the distance from the connecting block 26 to the rotating shaft 22.

[0023] The adjusting component 27 includes a drive shaft 271. The outer end of the drive shaft 271 is fixedly connected to a drive tooth 272 embedded inside the connecting block 26. The connecting block 26 is slidably connected to a horizontal rack 273 that meshes with the teeth on the outer surface of the drive tooth 272. There are two horizontal racks 273, which are centrally symmetrical about the axis of the drive shaft 271. The outer end of the horizontal rack 273 is fixedly connected to a connecting lug 274. The interior of the connecting lug 274 is hinged to the outer surface of the laser head 28.

[0024] The placement part 3 supports the elbow pipe 100 and includes an arc-shaped seat 31. The inner surface of the arc-shaped seat 31 is an arc surface, and the radius of curvature of the arc surface matches the outer arc radius of the elbow pipe 100 to be welded. A groove 212 is formed on the upper surface of the base 21. A slider 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the arc-shaped seat 31 and slidably connected to the inner wall of the groove 212. A positioning element 33 for fixing the elbow pipe 100 is provided inside the arc-shaped seat 31. The arc-shaped seat 31 can slide along the groove 212 via the slider 32 to adjust the position of the arc-shaped seat 31 relative to the rotating shaft 22. Several grooves 212 are formed, and the intersection of the extension lines of several grooves 212 coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotating shaft 22.

[0025] The geometric center of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31 is on the same horizontal plane as the axis of the laser head 28. Two arc-shaped rods 25 are provided, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cantilever arm 24, and fixedly connected to both ends of the cantilever arm 24 respectively.

[0026] The horizontal rack 273 has a vertical rack 275 that is slidably connected to the inside of the connecting block 26. The side of the vertical rack 275 meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the drive tooth 272. There are two vertical racks 275, which are centrally symmetrical about the axis of the drive shaft 271. The outer end of the vertical rack 275 is rotatably connected to a roller 276 that fits against the inner wall surface of the elbow pipe 100. The distance from the axis of the drive shaft 271 to the farthest point on the outer circumference of the roller 276 is the same as the distance from the axis of the drive shaft 271 to the focal point of the laser head 28. The arc rod 25 has a drive motor inside, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the inner end of the drive shaft 271.

[0027] The positioning component 33 includes a telescopic rod 331 that is slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat 31. A positioning block 332 is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod 331 near the geometric center of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31. There are three positioning blocks 332, which are evenly spaced and located on the inner left, inner bottom, and inner right sides of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31, respectively. The telescopic rod 331 is arranged along the radial direction of the arc-shaped seat 31, and the telescopic rod 331 can drive the positioning block 332 to slide and extend along the radial direction of the arc-shaped seat 31. A helical gear 333 is rotatably connected inside the arc-shaped seat 31. A toothed groove 3311, meshing with the outer circumferential surface of the helical gear 333, is provided on the outer side of the telescopic rod 331. The helical gear 333 passes through the arc-shaped seat 31 and meshes with an arc-shaped toothed rod 334. An arc-shaped groove 311 is provided on the side of the arc-shaped seat 31. The arc-shaped toothed rod 334 is slidably connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped groove 311. The arc-shaped seat 31 is connected to a transmission gear via a motor located inside it. Teeth meshing with the outer surface of the transmission teeth are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped toothed rod 334. A V-shaped groove 3321 is provided on the side of the positioning block 332 away from the arc-shaped seat 31, and the inner wall surface of the V-shaped groove 3321 is covered with an elastic layer.

[0028] In the initial state, the horizontal distance from the center point of the connecting block 26 at the outer end of the two arc rods 25 to the axis of the rotating shaft 22 is exactly equal, and the whole structure is symmetrical from left to right; the adjusting part 27 is in a fully retracted state, and the circle formed by the two laser heads 28 and the two rollers 276 is at its smallest, with both the laser head 28 and the rollers 276 in a retracted state; the positioning part 33 inside the arc seat 31 is in a fully extended state, and the positioning blocks 332 in the three directions of the inner left, inner bottom, and inner right are fully extended, with the circular clamping diameter formed by the three positioning blocks 332 at its maximum value, reserving sufficient assembly space for workpiece hoisting and loading.

[0029] The process of pre-processing and hoisting 100mm elbow pipe workpieces: Before the workpiece is loaded, the adaptive matching adjustment of the welding reference of the whole machine is completed according to the actual bending radius of the large elbow pipe 100 to be processed. The operator triggers the adjustment command through the equipment control system, which is driven by the drive structure integrated inside the connecting rod 23. The drive arm 24 drives the arc rod 25 to slide horizontally along the slide rail inside the connecting rod 23. Since the bottom of the outer end of the connecting rod 23 is fixedly connected to the support plate, the upper surface of the support plate is in close contact with the lower surface of the cantilever arm 24 throughout the entire process. It can play a vertical support and sliding guide limit role in the sliding process of the cantilever arm 24, effectively limiting swaying, tilting and offset, and ensuring the smooth sliding process of the cantilever arm 24. The horizontal sliding adjustment of the cantilever arm 24 relative to the connecting rod 23 is essentially changing the straight distance from the center point of the connecting block 26 to the axis of the rotating shaft 22.

[0030] Meanwhile, since the bending radii of different specifications of elbow pipe 100 are different, the position of the arc-shaped seat 31 also needs to be adjusted accordingly. Several sliding grooves 212 are provided on the upper surface of the base 21; preferably, two are provided in this invention, and two arc-shaped seats 31 are also provided accordingly. A lead screw is provided inside the sliding groove 212, and the lead screw is driven to rotate by a stepper motor. The slider 32 at the bottom end of the arc-shaped seat 31 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove 212, and the slider 32 has a threaded hole that meshes with the lead screw. When the stepper motor drives the lead screw to rotate, the slider 32 slides along the sliding groove 212 through the threaded connection, thereby driving the arc-shaped seat 31 to move synchronously. Since the intersection of the extension lines of the two sliding grooves 212 coincides with the axis of rotation of the shaft 22, when the arc-shaped seat 31 slides along the sliding groove 212, regardless of the position it slides to, the geometric centers of the arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped seats 31 are located on the same circumference centered on the shaft 22. The arc-shaped seat 31 is moved by a lead screw until the distance from the center point of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31 to the axis of rotation of the shaft 22 is equal to the bending radius of the elbow 100. At this point, the center point of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31 and the rotation center of the connecting block 26 are on the same circumference, ensuring that the rotation trajectory of the laser head 28 coincides with the joint trajectory of the elbow 100 during subsequent welding. At the same time, the center point of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 31 and the axis of rotation of the laser head 28 are on the same horizontal plane, ensuring that the rotation plane of the laser head 28 is consistent with the plane where the joint of the elbow 100 is located.

[0031] The elbow pipe 100 is composed of two halves, an upper half and a lower half, joined together. Before loading, the two halves are initially spot-welded to fix their joints, thus locking their relative positions and preventing misalignment or misalignment during hoisting and clamping, ensuring a neat and uniform bevel joint. The spot-welded elbow pipe 100 is then lifted by a crane and moved directly above the arc-shaped seat 31 before being slowly lowered into the arc surface of the seat 31. Two arc-shaped seats 31 are provided, located at opposite ends of the elbow pipe 100, accommodating both ends. Since the positioning element 33 is initially in its unfolded state, the circle formed by the three positioning blocks 332 has the largest diameter, preventing interference between the elbow pipe 100 and the positioning blocks 332 during lowering.

[0032] The process of positioning elbow pipe 100: After the workpiece is initially positioned, the motor inside the arc-shaped seat 31 is started. The motor is connected to a transmission gear, which drives the transmission gear to rotate. The transmission gear meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the arc-shaped gear 334, causing the arc-shaped gear 334 to slide along the arc-shaped groove 311 on the side of the arc-shaped seat 31. During the sliding process, the inner surface of the arc-shaped gear 334 remains meshed with the helical gear 333, causing the helical gear 333 to rotate inside the arc-shaped seat 31. The outer circumference of the helical gear 333 meshes with the tooth groove 3311 on the outer side of the telescopic rod 331. When the helical gear 333 rotates, it drives the telescopic rod 331 to retract and slide along the radial direction of the arc-shaped seat 31 through the tooth groove 3311. As the telescopic rod 331 retracts, the positioning block 332 fixedly connected to the outer end of the telescopic rod 331 moves toward the center point of the arc surface of the arc seat 31. The diameter of the circle formed by the three positioning blocks 332 gradually decreases until the inner wall of the V-shaped groove 3321 of the three positioning blocks 332 is in contact with the outer surface of the elbow pipe 100.

[0033] At this time, the three positioning blocks 332 clamp the elbow 100 from the outside towards the center, so that the center of the elbow 100 coincides with the center point of the arc surface of the arc seat 31, that is, the center of the elbow 100 coincides with the center of the arc surface. Since the three positioning blocks 332 are located on the inner left, inner bottom and inner right sides of the arc surface of the arc seat 31 respectively, they are evenly distributed at three points. The three-point positioning enables the elbow 100 to automatically center inside the arc seat 31, ensuring that the axis of the elbow 100 coincides with the center line of the arc surface of the arc seat 31. A V-groove 3321 is provided on the side of the positioning block 332 away from the arc-shaped seat 31. The inner wall surface of the V-groove 3321 is covered with an elastic layer. The two inclined surfaces of the V-groove 3321 contact the outer surface of the elbow pipe 100. Under the action of clamping force, the elastic layer undergoes elastic deformation, filling the gap between the V-groove 3321 and the outer surface of the elbow pipe 100. This ensures the reliability of clamping and avoids the positioning block 332 damaging the outer surface of the elbow pipe 100. After positioning and clamping are completed, the crane is removed, the motor inside the arc-shaped seat 31 is turned off, and the self-locking action of the transmission gear and the arc-shaped gear 334 keeps the positioning block 332 in a clamped state, completing the workpiece loading and positioning clamping process.

[0034] Adjustment component 27 adjusts the position and focal distance of laser head 28: The adjusting component 27 includes a drive shaft 271, which passes horizontally through the interior of the connecting block 26. Its inner end extends into the interior of the arc-shaped rod 25 and is connected to a drive motor located inside the arc-shaped rod 25. A drive tooth 272, embedded inside the connecting block 26, is fixedly connected to the outer end of the drive shaft 271. The drive tooth 272 rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 271. Two horizontal racks 273 are slidably connected inside the connecting block 26. These two horizontal racks 273 are centrally symmetrical about the axis of the drive shaft 271, located on opposite sides of the drive tooth 272. The teeth of both horizontal racks 273 mesh with the teeth on the outer circumference of the drive tooth 272. A vertical rack 275 is provided on the side of the horizontal racks 273. The vertical rack 275 is slidably connected inside the connecting block 26, and its side meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the drive tooth 272. There are two vertical racks 275, which are centrally symmetrical about the axis of the drive shaft 271.

[0035] When the drive motor drives the transmission shaft 271 to rotate, the transmission shaft 271 drives the drive gear 272 to rotate synchronously. The drive gear 272, through tooth meshing, drives its two horizontal racks 273 and two vertical racks 275 to slide synchronously in opposite directions. The horizontal racks 273 are equipped with laser heads 28 through connecting lugs 274 fixed to their outer ends, while the outer ends of the vertical racks 275 are rotatably connected to rollers 276. Therefore, when the transmission shaft 271 drives the drive gear 272 to rotate synchronously, the two laser heads 28 and the two rollers 276 retract or expand synchronously. Because the distance from the centerline of the drive shaft 271 to the outer surface of the roller 276 is the same as the distance from the centerline of the drive shaft 271 to the focal point of the laser head 28, the outer surface of the roller 276 and the focal point of the laser head 28 are always located on the same circumference with the drive shaft 271 as the center. When the roller 276 rolls against the inner wall of the elbow 100, the distance from the focal point of the laser head 28 to the inner wall of the elbow 100 remains constant, thus ensuring uniform weld penetration along the entire weld length. The roller 276 can make radial compensation movements according to the changes in the curvature of the inner wall of the elbow 100, always rolling against the inner wall of the elbow 100. During the welding process, since the inner wall of the elbow 100 is curved, the roller 276 mechanism adjusts its position with the inner wall of the elbow 100 as the reference surface. After the outer surface of the roller 276 is in contact with the end of the inner wall of the elbow 100, the focal point distance of the laser head 28 remains constant, avoiding insufficient penetration or burn-through defects caused by the focal point deviating from the root of the bevel.

[0036] Welding process for the 100mm joint of the elbow pipe: The elbow pipe 100 consists of two half-pipes, upper and lower. The butt joint edges of the two half-pipes form a beveled seam extending along the circumference of the elbow on both the inner and outer arc sides of the elbow pipe 100. The inner arc seam and the outer arc seam need to be butt-welded separately. Since there are two arc-shaped rods 25, the two arc-shaped rods 25 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cantilever arm 24. The two arc-shaped rods 25 are fixedly connected to both ends of the cantilever arm 24. The outer ends of the two arc-shaped rods 25 are fixedly connected to connecting blocks 26. The two connecting blocks 26 can enter into both ends of the elbow pipe 100 to weld the internal seams.

[0037] The welding process is divided into two stages: forward rotation welding and reverse rotation welding. The observation reference is the upper end face of the rotating shaft 22 viewed from above (with...). Figure 9 For example, rotating the custom hinge 22 counterclockwise is clockwise rotation, and rotating the hinge 22 clockwise is counterclockwise rotation. The first stage is forward rotation welding. A servo rotary reducer drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate forward, causing the connecting rod 23, cantilever arm 24, arc rod 25, and connecting block 26 to rotate counter-clockwise simultaneously. During counter-clockwise rotation, the connecting block 26, located to the right of the connecting rod 23, enters from the right end of the elbow pipe 100. The adjusting component 27 unfolds from its retracted state, and the vertical rack 275 extends outward, causing the roller 276 to contact the inner wall surface of the elbow pipe 100. The horizontal rack 273 adjusts the attitude angle of the laser head 28 via the connecting lug 274, aligning the laser head 28 with the bevel of the joint on that side. Two horizontal racks 273 are provided, and the outer ends of both horizontal racks 273 are fixedly connected to the laser head 28 via the connecting lug 274. One laser head 28, closer to the rotating shaft 22, is used for welding the inner arc side joint, and the other laser head 28, farther from the rotating shaft 22, is used for welding the outer arc side joint. As the rotating shaft 22 rotates counterclockwise, the connecting block 26 moves along the arc trajectory of the joint of the elbow pipe 100. The laser head 28 fills and welds the inner arc side joint and outer arc side joint on the right end of the elbow pipe 100, achieving synchronous welding of the inner and outer arcs. During the welding process, the roller 276 always rolls in contact with the inner wall of the elbow pipe 100, maintaining a constant distance from the focal point of the laser head 28 in real time with the inner wall of the elbow pipe 100 as the reference plane. After the rotating shaft 22 rotates clockwise by a specified angle, the welding of the inner arc side joint and outer arc side joint on the right end of the elbow pipe 100 is completed, the laser head 28 stops outputting, the adjusting component 27 retracts, and the connecting block 26 exits the elbow pipe 100.

[0038] The second stage is reverse welding. After the forward welding is completed, the servo rotary reducer drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate in the opposite direction. The rotating shaft 22 drives the connecting rod 23, cantilever arm 24, arc rod 25, and connecting block 26 to rotate clockwise in the opposite direction simultaneously. After returning to the initial position, the drive structure integrated inside the connecting rod 23 drives the cantilever arm 24 to drive the arc rod 25 to slide horizontally along the slide inside the connecting rod 23 until the straight-line distance from the center point of the connecting block 26 on the left side to the axis of the rotating shaft 22 is equal to the bending radius of the elbow 100. The rotating shaft 22 rotates clockwise again, and the connecting block 26 on the left side enters from the left end of the elbow 100. The adjusting part 27 on the connecting block 26 unfolds from the retracted state, and the roller 276 fits against the inner wall surface of the elbow 100. The two laser heads 28 on the left side fill the inner arc side joint and the outer arc side joint on the left end of the elbow 100, respectively. As the rotating shaft 22 rotates in the reverse direction, the two laser heads 28 fill and weld the inner arc side seam and outer arc side seam on the left end of the elbow 100, thus achieving synchronous welding of the inner arc side seam and outer arc side seam. After the rotating shaft 22 reverses, the laser head 28 stops outputting, the adjusting component 27 retracts, and the connecting block 26 exits the elbow 100, until the seam on the left end is also welded.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints, characterized in that, include: Welding part (2), the welding part (2) includes a base (21), a base (211) is fixedly connected to the middle of the base (21), a rotating shaft (22) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base (211), a connecting rod (23) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft (22), a cantilever arm (24) is slidably connected to the outer end of the connecting rod (23), an arc rod (25) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cantilever arm (24), a connecting block (26) is fixedly connected to the end of the arc rod (25) away from the cantilever arm (24), and a laser head (28) is connected to the connecting block (26) through an adjusting part (27) provided inside it; Placement part (3), the placement part (3) is used to support the elbow pipe (100); The adjusting component (27) includes a drive shaft (271). The outer end of the drive shaft (271) is fixedly connected to a drive tooth (272) embedded inside a connecting block (26). The connecting block (26) has a horizontal rack (273) slidably connected to the inside, meshing with the teeth on the outer surface of the drive tooth (272). The outer end of the horizontal rack (273) is fixedly connected to a connecting lug (274). The interior of the connecting lug (274) is hinged to the outer surface of the laser head (28). The side of the horizontal rack (273) is provided with a vertical rack (275) slidably connected to the inside of the connecting block (26). The side of the vertical rack (275) meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the drive tooth (272). The outer end of the vertical rack (275) is rotatably connected to a roller (276). The horizontal rack (273) and the vertical rack (275)... Each part (271) is provided with two horizontal racks (273) and two vertical racks (275) arranged in an alternating and uniform manner along the circumference of the drive shaft (271). The distance from the center line of the drive shaft (271) to the farthest point on the outer periphery of the roller (276) is the same as the distance from the center line of the drive shaft (271) to the focal point of the laser head (28). The placement part (3) includes an arc-shaped seat (31). The inner surface of the arc-shaped seat (31) is an arc surface. The upper surface of the base (21) is provided with a sliding groove (212). The bottom end of the arc-shaped seat (31) is fixedly connected to a slider (32) that slides in a sliding connection with the inner wall of the sliding groove (212). The interior of the arc-shaped seat (31) is provided with a positioning element (33) for fixing the elbow pipe (100). Several sliding grooves (212) are provided. The intersection of the extension lines of several sliding grooves (212) coincides with the center line of the rotating shaft (22).

2. The laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geometric center of the arc surface of the arc seat (31) and the axis of the laser head (28) are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. The laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two arc-shaped rods (25) are provided, and the two arc-shaped rods (25) are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the cantilever arm (24).

4. The laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning component (33) includes a telescopic rod (331) that is slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat (31). A positioning block (332) is fixedly connected to the side of the telescopic rod (331) near the center point of the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat (31). A helical gear (333) is rotatably connected inside the arc-shaped seat (31). A tooth groove (3311) that meshes with the outer circumferential surface of the helical gear (333) is opened on the outside of the telescopic rod (331). The wheel body of the helical gear (333) passes through the arc-shaped seat (31) and meshes with an arc-shaped toothed rod (334). An arc-shaped groove (311) is opened on the side of the arc-shaped seat (31). The arc-shaped toothed rod (334) is slidably connected to the inner wall surface of the arc-shaped groove (311).

5. The laser filler welding and forming equipment for large elbows based on double-half-pipe beveled joints according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning block (332) has a V-shaped groove (3321) on the side away from the arc-shaped seat (31), and the inner wall surface of the V-shaped groove (3321) is covered with an elastic layer.

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