Fluidified solidified soil suitable for underwater forming, and preparation method and application thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611096495.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-01
AI Technical Summary
[0006]本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于水下成型的流态固化土及其制备方法和应用，以解决现有技术中部分水下固化材料适用性受限的问题
1.疏浚淤泥黏土胶体活性高、保水性强，但结构松散、遇水崩解、无胶结强度。本发明复合胶凝体系依托硫铝酸盐水泥快速形成早期硬化骨架，硅酸盐水泥长效水化生成胶凝基体；矿粉、粉煤灰经火山灰反应生成稳定水化产物。搭配纳米二氧化硅的晶核诱导与孔隙填充作用，胶结土体颗粒、致密内部孔隙，双重解决淤泥遇水溃散、成型松散问题。
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1 
Figure SMS_2 
Figure SMS_3
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering materials technology, and in particular to a fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] In hydraulic engineering projects such as river management, port and wharf construction, cross-sea projects, underwater pipeline laying, and bridge foundation reinforcement, there are numerous construction scenarios involving underwater backfilling, foundation leveling, scour pit repair, and structure protection. Traditional underwater construction methods often employ underwater concrete, ordinary fluidized solidified soil, and sand and gravel backfilling, but existing materials and construction technologies have many inherent defects.
[0003] Traditional underwater concrete has high viscosity and poor fluidity, making it prone to segregation and bleeding during underwater pouring. Under dynamic water conditions, it is easily eroded away, resulting in insufficient structural density and defects such as pores and voids. Furthermore, construction requires specialized underwater pouring equipment and relies on diving operations, leading to high construction costs, long construction periods, and significant safety risks. Ordinary terrestrial fluidized solidified soil lacks underwater anti-dispersion design; upon entering water, the cementitious material rapidly separates from the soil, resulting in severe loss of solidified components. This leads to extremely low soil strength and poor uniformity, failing to meet the bearing capacity and durability requirements of underwater engineering. Conventional sand and gravel backfill materials have high porosity, poor integrity, and weak erosion resistance, making them prone to collapse and settlement due to long-term water erosion, resulting in extremely high maintenance costs.
[0004] Existing underwater solidification materials sometimes improve their anti-dispersion properties by adding a single flocculant, but this results in problems such as excessively rapid initial setting, significant loss of fluidity, and poor low-temperature curing performance, making them unsuitable for large-area, long-distance pumping underwater construction. Furthermore, most underwater solidification materials rely on large amounts of cement and high-quality sand and gravel, leading to low solid waste utilization and high project costs, which does not align with the trend of green construction. In addition, existing products exhibit poor controllability in curing and molding, weak adaptability to different working conditions such as still water, slightly turbulent water, and flowing water, and their curing strength fluctuates greatly with water depth and flow velocity, limiting their engineering applicability.
[0005] Therefore, developing a special fluidized solidified soil for underwater molding that combines high fluidity, strong underwater anti-dispersion properties, stable solidification performance, wide adaptability to working conditions, green and low cost, and convenient preparation and construction is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of hydraulic engineering and underwater engineering. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, its preparation method, and its application, so as to solve the problem that the applicability of some underwater solidification materials in the prior art is limited.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, comprising the following components in parts by mass: The composition includes 82-94 parts of soil and water matrix, 8-14 parts of composite gelling and curing agent, 0.4-1.0 parts of composite anti-dispersing agent, 2.5-5.5 parts of filler, and 3.5-5.5 parts of conditioning water.
[0008] Preferably, the soil and water matrix includes one or more of the following: river dredging silt, lake silt, and seabed silt.
[0009] Preferably, the composite gelling and curing agent includes silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica; The mass ratio of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, Grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica is 31~33:17~19:27~29:13~15:5~7:1~3.
[0010] Preferably, the composite anti-dispersant includes cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylic acid high-performance water-reducing agent, and organosilicon foam stabilizer; The mass ratio of the cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer is 37~39:31~33:17~19:9~11:1~3.
[0011] Preferably, the filler includes bentonite, quartz powder, and activated diatomaceous earth; The mass ratio of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth is 0.9~1.1:1.7~1.9:0.1~0.3.
[0012] This invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned fluidized solidified soil, comprising the following steps: (1) The water and soil matrix is sieved through a screen and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-60% to obtain the treated water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain powder, and the powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and composite cementitious solidifier, and stirred to obtain a preliminary slurry; (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant agent with the conditioning water to obtain a mixture. Mix the mixture with the initial slurry, stir for 5-15 minutes, and let stand for 2-4 minutes to obtain the fluidized solidified soil.
[0013] Preferably, the aperture of the sieve in step (1) is 4~6mm.
[0014] Preferably, the mesh size of the powder being pulverized in step (2) is 1000~1200 mesh; The stirring temperature in step (2) is 30~40℃ and the stirring speed is 40~60rpm.
[0015] Preferably, the stirring speed in step (3) is 600~800 rpm.
[0016] This invention provides the application of the described fluidized solidified soil or the fluidized solidified soil prepared by the described preparation method in the field of underwater casting materials.
[0017] The present invention has the following technical effects and advantages: 1. Dredged silt and clay exhibit high colloidal activity and strong water retention, but their structure is loose, they disintegrate upon contact with water, and they lack cementing strength. This invention's composite cementing system relies on sulfoaluminate cement to rapidly form an early-hardening skeleton, while silicate cement undergoes long-term hydration to generate a cementitious matrix. Mineral powder and fly ash react with volcanic ash to produce stable hydration products. Combined with the nucleation-inducing and pore-filling effects of nano-silica, it cements soil particles and densifies internal pores, thus doubly solving the problems of silt disintegration upon contact with water and loose formation.
[0018] 2. Sludge colloids carry a negative charge, and traditional flocculants exhibit poor charge repulsion and anti-dispersion effects. This invention uses cationic polyacrylamide to neutralize the colloidal charge and bridge agglomerated particles, preventing underwater slurry segregation and dispersion. A compound cellulose component locks in water and maintains thickness, a polycarboxylate superplasticizer enhances slurry fluidity, and an organosilicon foam stabilizer optimizes the internal pore structure. These multiple components work synergistically to achieve anti-dispersion, high fluidity, and dense molding effects.
[0019] 3. Traditional curing materials exhibit significant temperature sensitivity, easily cracking at high temperatures and failing at low temperatures. This invention, a compound of bentonite, quartz powder, and diatomaceous earth, can absorb excess moisture and additives, stabilize the slurry structure, and adaptively regulate the hydration rate in both directions, making it suitable for high and low temperature construction conditions. Simultaneously, it fills micropores, reduces soil permeability, and significantly improves the erosion resistance and durability of the hardened body.
[0020] 4. The initial setting time of the fluidized solidified soil of the present invention meets the requirements for underwater construction, and it has high fluidity, high underwater anti-dispersion properties, and high compressive strength after solidification. Detailed Implementation
[0021] This invention provides a fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, comprising the following components in parts by mass: The composition includes 82-94 parts of soil and water matrix, 8-14 parts of composite cementitious curing agent, 0.4-1.0 parts of composite anti-dispersion agent, 2.5-5.5 parts of filler, and 3.5-5.5 parts of conditioning water. The preferred mass fraction of the soil and water matrix is 88 parts; The preferred mass fraction of the composite gelling and curing agent is 11 parts; The preferred mass fraction of the composite anti-dispersant is 0.7 parts; The preferred mass fraction of the filler is 4 parts; The preferred mass fraction of the conditioning water is 4.5 parts.
[0022] In this invention, the soil and water matrix includes one or more of the following: river dredging silt, lake silt, and seabed silt.
[0023] In this invention, the composite cementitious curing agent includes silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica. The mass ratio of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica is 31~33:17~19:27~29:13~15:5~7:1~3, preferably 32:18:28:14:6:1.
[0024] In this invention, the composite anti-dispersant includes cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylic acid high-performance water-reducing agent, and organosilicon foam stabilizer; The mass ratio of the cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer is 37~39:31~33:17~19:9~11:1~3, preferably 38:32:18:10:1.
[0025] In this invention, the filler includes bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth; The mass ratio of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth is 0.9~1.1:1.7~1.9:0.1~0.3, preferably 1:1.8:0.1.
[0026] This invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned fluidized solidified soil, comprising the following steps: (1) The water and soil matrix is sieved through a screen and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-60% to obtain the treated water matrix; The preferred setting is to adjust the moisture content to 50%; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain powder, and the powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and composite cementitious solidifier, and stirred to obtain a preliminary slurry; (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant agent with conditioning water to obtain a mixture, mix the mixture with the initial slurry, stir for 5-15 minutes, and let stand for 2-4 minutes to obtain fluidized solidified soil; The stirring time is preferably 10 minutes; the settling time is preferably 3 minutes.
[0027] In this invention, the aperture of the sieve in step (1) is 4~6mm, preferably 5mm.
[0028] In this invention, the mesh size of the pulverized material in step (2) is 1000~1200 mesh, preferably 1100 mesh; The stirring temperature in step (2) is 30~40℃ and the stirring speed is 40~60rpm; The preferred temperature is 35°C; the preferred rotation speed is 50 rpm.
[0029] In this invention, the stirring speed in step (3) is 600~800 rpm, preferably 700 rpm.
[0030] This invention provides the application of the described fluidized solidified soil or the fluidized solidified soil prepared by the described preparation method in the field of underwater casting materials.
[0031] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the silicate cement is PO 42.5 silicate cement and the sulfoaluminate cement is 42.5 grade sulfoaluminate rapid-hardening cement.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] A fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding consists of 88 kg of water and soil matrix, 11 kg of composite cementitious solidifying agent, 0.7 kg of composite anti-dispersing agent, 4 kg of filler and 4.5 kg of conditioning water.
[0035] The soil and water matrix is composed of lake silt and seabed silt mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio. The composite gel curing agent is a mixture of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica in a mass ratio of 32:18:28:14:6:1. The composite anti-dispersant is composed of cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer in a mass ratio of 38:32:18:10:1; The filler is a mixture of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:1.8:0.1.
[0036] Preparation method: (1) The soil and water matrix is sieved through a 5mm mesh and the moisture content is adjusted to 50% to obtain the treated soil and water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain powder with a mesh size of 1100 mesh. The powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and the composite gel curing agent. The mixture is stirred at a temperature of 35℃ and a speed of 50rpm to obtain a preliminary slurry. (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant with the conditioning water to obtain a mixture. Mix the mixture with the initial slurry and stir at 700 rpm for 10 min. Then let it stand for 3 min to obtain the fluidized solidified soil.
[0037] Example 2
[0038] A fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding consists of 90 kg of water and soil matrix, 9 kg of composite cementitious solidifying agent, 0.5 kg of composite anti-dispersing agent, 5 kg of filler and 3.7 kg of conditioning water.
[0039] The soil and water matrix consists of lake silt; The composite gel curing agent is a mixture of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica in a mass ratio of 32:18:28:14:6:1. The composite anti-dispersant is composed of cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer in a mass ratio of 38:32:18:10:1; The filler is a mixture of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 1:1.8:0.1.
[0040] Preparation method: (1) The soil and water matrix was sieved through a 6mm mesh and the moisture content was adjusted to 48% to obtain the treated soil and water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain a powder with a mesh size of 1200 mesh. The powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and the composite gel curing agent. The mixture is stirred at a temperature of 32℃ and a speed of 42rpm to obtain a preliminary slurry. (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant with the conditioning water to obtain a mixture. Mix the mixture with the initial slurry and stir at 800 rpm for 8 minutes. Then let it stand for 2 minutes to obtain the fluidized solidified soil.
[0041] Example 3
[0042] A fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding consists of 84 kg of water and soil matrix, 14 kg of composite cementitious solidifying agent, 1 kg of composite anti-dispersing agent, 4.3 kg of filler and 4.9 kg of conditioning water.
[0043] The soil and water substrate is seabed silt; The composite gel curing agent is a mixture of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica in a mass ratio of 31:19:29:15:6:1. The composite anti-dispersant is composed of cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer in a mass ratio of 39:33:19:9:1; The filler is a mixture of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 0.9:1.7:0.3.
[0044] Preparation method: (1) The soil and water matrix is sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 4 mm and the moisture content is adjusted to 55% to obtain the treated soil and water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain a powder with a mesh size of 1000 mesh. The powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and the composite gel curing agent. The mixture is stirred at a temperature of 38℃ and a speed of 55rpm to obtain a preliminary slurry. (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant with the conditioning water to obtain a mixture. Mix the mixture with the initial slurry and stir at 650 rpm for 12 minutes. Then let it stand for 4 minutes to obtain the fluidized solidified soil.
[0045] Comparative Example 1
[0046] Compared with Example 1, the composite anti-dispersant lacks cationic polyacrylamide, while the proportions of the remaining components remain unchanged, and the preparation method is the same.
[0047] Comparative Example 2
[0048] Compared with Example 1, the composite gel curing agent lacks nano-silica, while the proportions of the remaining components remain unchanged, and the preparation method is the same.
[0049] Comparative Example 3
[0050] Compared with Example 1, only the preparation method is different, which is as follows: (1) The soil and water matrix is sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 4 mm and the moisture content is adjusted to 55% to obtain the treated soil and water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain a powder with a mesh size of 1000 mesh. The powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix, composite gel curing agent, composite anti-dispersing agent and conditioning water. The mixture is stirred at 650 rpm for 12 min and then left to stand for 4 min to obtain fluidized solidified soil.
[0051] Experimental Example
[0052] 1. Compressive strength test
[0053] The fluidized solidified soils of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to underwater molding. The specific method was as follows: The test block mold was placed in water with the opening facing upwards. Then, the fluidized solidified soil was poured directly into the test block mold until a mountain shape was formed at the top of the mold opening. The entire process was completed within 1 minute. After the fluidized solidified soil had initially set, the excess part at the top of the test block mold was scraped off with a scraper. The test block mold was then placed in water for curing for 1 day before demolding. The demolded test blocks were then placed in water for curing for another 28 days. The compressive strength (MPa) was then measured. Three test blocks were prepared for each treatment, and the process was repeated three times. The average value was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0054] Table 1. Compressive strength of specimens with different treatments at 28 days
[0055] As shown in Table 1, the compressive strength of the specimen prepared by the fluidized solidified soil in Example 1 is higher than that of the specimens in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
[0056] 2. Initial setting time test
[0057] Initial setting time is a key parameter in cement or concrete construction, representing the time required for cement paste to begin losing its plasticity after mixing with water. The initial setting time of the fluidized solidified soils in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was determined according to the methods specified in GB / T 50080-2016 "Standard for Test Methods of Performance of Ordinary Concrete Mixtures". Each group was measured three times, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0058] Table 2 Initial setting time for different treatments
[0059] As shown in Table 2, the initial setting time of the fluidized solidified soil in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is not significantly different and all meet the requirements, satisfying the conditions for underwater construction.
[0060] 3. Flowability Measurement
[0061] The fluidity test is used to measure the fluidity of cement mortar or concrete. It is an important method for determining the water-cement ratio and evaluating construction performance, and directly affects pouring, vibration, compaction, final strength and durability.
[0062] The fluidity of the prepared solidified soil was tested according to the test methods specified in T / CECS 1175-2022 "Technical Specification for Self-Compacting Solidified Soil Filling". The results are shown in Table 3.
[0063] Table 3 Flowability of different treatments
[0064] As shown in Table 3, the fluidity of the solidified soil in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 all meet the requirement of pumped solidified soil having a fluidity of not less than 160 mm as specified in T / CECS 1175-2022 "Technical Specification for Self-Compacting Solidified Soil Filling". Furthermore, the fluidity of the solidified soil in Example 1 is significantly better than that in Comparative Examples 1-3.
[0065] 4. Anti-dispersibility test
[0066] The underwater anti-dispersion properties of the solidified soil in Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were determined according to DL / T5117-2000 "Test Procedure for Underwater Non-Dispersible Concrete". The loss of solidified soil was measured using a gravimetric method. A container of mass M1 was placed at the bottom of a bucket at a water depth of 500mm. The mixed solidified soil was quickly poured into a beaker, and the weight of the beaker and solidified soil was measured as M2. After pouring the solidified soil slurry from the beaker into the container from the water surface, the weight of the beaker and the remaining solidified soil was measured as M3. After standing for 10 minutes, the container was slowly lifted out of the water to drain the water from the surface of the solidified soil, and the weight of the container and the solidified soil was measured as M4. This process was repeated three times, and the average value was taken. The formula for calculating the anti-dispersion properties of the solidified soil is as follows: ; The results of the anti-dispersion test of the fluidized solidified soil in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 4.
[0067] Table 4 Anti-dispersion properties of different treatments
[0068] As shown in Table 4, the underwater anti-dispersion properties of the fluidized solidified soil in Example 1 are significantly better than those of the fluidized solidified soils in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
[0069] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, its preparation method, and its application. The fluidized solidified soil of the present invention uses a composite anti-dispersant agent and a composite gelling and curing agent. The components work synergistically to prepare the fluidized solidified soil, which meets the requirements for underwater construction in terms of initial setting time, and has high fluidity, high underwater anti-dispersibility, and high compressive strength after solidification.
[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fluidized solidified soil suitable for underwater molding, characterized in that, The components include the following parts by mass: The composition includes 82-94 parts of soil and water matrix, 8-14 parts of composite gelling and curing agent, 0.4-1.0 parts of composite anti-dispersing agent, 2.5-5.5 parts of filler, and 3.5-5.5 parts of conditioning water.
2. The fluidized solidified soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil and water matrix includes one or more of the following: river dredging silt, lake silt, and seabed silt.
3. The fluidized solidified soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite cementitious curing agent includes silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica. The mass ratio of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, S95 grade slag powder, Grade I fly ash, desulfurized gypsum and nano silica is 31~33:17~19:27~29:13~15:5~7:1~3.
4. The fluidized solidified soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite anti-dispersant includes cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylic acid high-performance water-reducing agent, and organosilicon foam stabilizer; The mass ratio of the cationic polyacrylamide, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nanocellulose, polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent and organosilicon foam stabilizer is 37~39:31~33:17~19:9~11:1~3.
5. The fluidized solidified soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler material includes bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth; The mass ratio of bentonite, quartz powder and activated diatomaceous earth is 0.9~1.1:1.7~1.9:0.1~0.
3.
6. The method for preparing fluidized solidified soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The water and soil matrix is sieved through a screen and the moisture content is adjusted to 40-60% to obtain the treated water matrix; (2) The filler is crushed to obtain powder, and the powder is mixed with the treated soil and water matrix and composite cementitious solidifier, and stirred to obtain a preliminary slurry; (3) Mix the composite anti-dispersant agent with the conditioning water to obtain a mixture. Mix the mixture with the initial slurry, stir for 5-15 minutes, and let stand for 2-4 minutes to obtain the fluidized solidified soil.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aperture of the sieve in step (1) is 4~6mm.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mesh size of the powder to be pulverized in step (2) is 1000~1200 mesh; The stirring temperature in step (2) is 30~40℃ and the stirring speed is 40~60rpm.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stirring speed in step (3) is 600~800 rpm.
10. The application of the fluidized solidified soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the fluidized solidified soil prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in the field of underwater casting materials.