Ecological slope support and vegetation restoration integrated structure

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological type slope supporting and vegetation recovery integrated structure, which comprises a plurality of ecological concrete grids, a honeycomb supporting structure formed by splicing the ecological concrete grids and covering a slope surface, a planting space formed in each ecological concrete grid, a composite substrate filled in each planting space and used for providing a moisture retention and nutrient supply environment for plant growth, a drainage and seepage prevention system comprising a geomembrane laid between the honeycomb supporting structure and a slope soil body and a drainage blind pipe, and a planting hole provided on the geomembrane and used for planting plants, and an intelligent irrigation system arranged in the planting space and used for automatically controlling water supply irrigation according to soil humidity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to an integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of infrastructure construction, the protection and ecological restoration of various engineering slopes (such as road cutting slopes, mine spoil heap slopes, and reservoir slopes) are becoming increasingly prominent issues. Traditional slope protection methods are mainly divided into two categories: Pure engineering support methods, such as grouted rubble masonry slope protection, anchored grid beams, and shotcrete facing, can effectively ensure slope stability. However, these methods completely cover the slope surface, damaging the original ecological environment and preventing vegetation recovery, which contradicts current construction concepts for green highways and ecological mines.

[0003] Ecological slope protection methods, such as hydroseeding, topsoil spraying, and eco-bag slope protection, can restore slope vegetation to some extent, but they have the following prominent problems in practical engineering applications: Insufficient erosion resistance: Traditional hydroseeding lacks a rigid support structure. On slopes with a gradient greater than 1:1.0, the vegetation layer and nutrient soil are easily eroded away by rainwater, leading to gully erosion and even shallow landslides. According to engineering statistics, the vegetation withering rate of traditional hydroseeding on steep slopes can reach over 40% in the later stages, requiring multiple replantings and increasing project costs.

[0004] Severe loss of nutrient soil: There is a lack of effective anchoring and barrier measures between the hydroseeding substrate and the slope soil. The nutrient soil is easily migrated down the slope under the action of rainwater, resulting in uneven vegetation layer thickness and exposed roots, which directly affects the long-term survival rate of vegetation.

[0005] High maintenance costs: Existing ecological slope protection technologies lack precise irrigation and maintenance methods, and mostly rely on manual watering or simple sprinkler irrigation. They cannot provide differentiated and precise watering based on the actual moisture content of the slope soil, resulting in water waste or insufficient watering and high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration. It aims to achieve synergistic effects between slope support and vegetation restoration through structural innovation and system integration, thereby improving vegetation survival rate and slope erosion resistance, and reducing post-maintenance costs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this invention is an integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration, comprising: Multiple ecological concrete grids are spliced ​​together to form a honeycomb-shaped support structure covering the slope surface, and each ecological concrete grid has a planting space. A composite substrate is filled in each of the planting spaces to provide a moisture retention and nutrient supply environment for plant growth; The drainage and seepage prevention system includes a geomembrane sandwiched between the honeycomb support structure and the slope soil, and a drainage blind pipe buried in the slope soil and located at the bottom of the geomembrane. The geomembrane has planting holes for planting plants, and the orthographic projections of the planting holes and the drainage blind pipe are offset from each other. An intelligent irrigation system is installed within the planting space to automatically control water supply and irrigation based on soil moisture.

[0008] A further improvement of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention is that the ecological concrete grid is hexagonal, and the inner periphery of the ecological concrete grid is connected with anti-detachment protrusions to prevent the composite substrate from detaching from the planting space.

[0009] A further improvement of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention is that the composite matrix comprises, from bottom to top, a gravel water conveyance layer, a nutrient soil soil stabilization layer, and a grass planting matrix layer. The drainage blind pipe is provided with multiple seepage holes spaced apart. The gravel water conveyance layer is connected to the drainage blind pipe through the planting holes to transport excess water in the planting space to the drainage blind pipe. The nutrient soil soil stabilization layer contains a soil stabilizing agent to improve erosion resistance.

[0010] A further improvement of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention is that the drainage blind pipe is covered with geotextile, and the geotextile is placed on the seepage hole to prevent the seepage hole from being blocked by silt.

[0011] A further improvement of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention is that each of the ecological concrete grids is anchored to the soil of the slope by anchor bolts.

[0012] A further improvement of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention lies in that the intelligent irrigation system includes: A humidity sensor is embedded in the planting space to monitor the humidity of the composite substrate in real time. Drip irrigation tape is laid within the planting space for drip irrigation; A controller is connected to the humidity sensor and the drip irrigation tape. The controller controls the start and stop of the drip irrigation tape based on the detection signal from the humidity sensor.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. Good structural stability and strong erosion resistance: The precast ecological concrete grid forms a honeycomb rigid support structure, which, combined with the anchor bolt system, makes the grid tightly bonded to the slope soil, effectively resisting the loss of soil and water on the slope.

[0014] 2. High vegetation survival rate: The layered composite substrate design within the planting space (water delivery layer + nutrient soil layer + grass layer) combined with the physical barrier effect of anti-loosening protrusions effectively prevents the loss of nutrient soil, providing a stable water and fertilizer environment for vegetation growth. At the same time, the geomembrane has pre-reserved openings at the planting holes, allowing plant roots to penetrate the planting holes and grow into the slope soil, which is beneficial to the long-term growth of vegetation.

[0015] 3. Intelligent and precise irrigation with low maintenance costs: The soil moisture sensor monitors the substrate moisture content in real time, and the controller enables automatic start and stop of irrigation, avoiding the subjectivity and inaccuracy of manual maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the honeycomb support structure of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a detailed drawing of the ecological concrete grid structure of the integrated ecological slope support and vegetation restoration structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Ecological concrete grid; 2. Planting space; 3. Anchor bolt; 4. Anti-detachment protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0021] The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, the integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration includes: Multiple ecological concrete grids 1 are spliced ​​together to form a honeycomb-shaped support structure covering the slope surface, and each ecological concrete grid 1 has a planting space 2. A composite substrate is filled into each of the planting spaces 2 to provide a moisture retention and nutrient supply environment for plant growth; The drainage and seepage prevention system includes a geomembrane sandwiched between the honeycomb support structure and the slope soil, and a drainage blind pipe buried in the slope soil and located at the bottom of the geomembrane. The geomembrane has planting holes for planting plants, and the orthographic projections of the planting holes and the drainage blind pipe are offset from each other. An intelligent irrigation system is installed in the planting space 2 to automatically control water supply and irrigation based on soil moisture.

[0023] Specifically, the ecological concrete grid 1 is permeable concrete with a porosity ≥30% and a compressive strength ≥15MPa.

[0024] By using high-porosity, high-strength permeable concrete to create the grid, the system combines both structural rigidity and ecological permeability, achieving a synergistic balance between slope stability and vegetation growth.

[0025] Specifically, the drainage blind pipe is installed along the joint of the adjacent ecological concrete grid 1.

[0026] Based on the grid splicing method, the drainage blind pipes are arranged neatly and fit into the structural gaps, with short and smooth drainage paths, while not occupying planting space2, taking into account both drainage function and vegetation growth needs.

[0027] Preferably, the eco-concrete grid 1 is hexagonal, and the inner periphery of the eco-concrete grid 1 is connected with anti-detachment protrusions 4 to prevent the composite substrate from detaching from the planting space 2.

[0028] Specifically, the regular hexagonal grid has a side length of 300mm and a thickness of 120mm. Multiple regular hexagonal grids are spliced ​​together side by side to form a honeycomb-like overall structure.

[0029] By using regular hexagonal grids spliced ​​into a honeycomb structure, the structure is subjected to uniform stress and has a strong load-dispersing ability, which greatly improves the overall stability and deformation resistance of the slope.

[0030] Specifically, the anti-loosening protrusion 4 has a wedge-shaped or arc-shaped cross section. When the composite substrate is filled into the planting space 2 and moves downward due to rain or gravity, the anti-loosening protrusion 4 is embedded in the composite substrate to generate physical resistance, thereby effectively preventing the composite substrate from falling out of the planting space 2.

[0031] The design of the anti-loosening protrusions 4 with wedge and arc structure increases the interlocking friction with the composite substrate, stabilizes the filling material, ensures the long-term integrity of the soil layer in the planting space 2, and provides a stable environment for vegetation growth.

[0032] Preferably, the composite substrate comprises, from bottom to top, a gravel water conveyance layer, a nutrient soil soil stabilization layer, and a grass planting substrate layer. The drainage blind pipe is provided with multiple seepage holes spaced apart. The gravel water conveyance layer is connected to the drainage blind pipe through the planting hole, and is used to transport excess water in the planting space 2 to the drainage blind pipe. The nutrient soil soil stabilization layer contains a soil stabilizing agent to improve erosion resistance.

[0033] Specifically, the gravel water conveyance layer is composed of gravel with a particle size of 10-20mm and a thickness of 50mm.

[0034] By setting the gravel water conveyance layer at the bottom, when there is too much water in the planting space 2, the excess water seeps down into the slope soil through the planting hole, flows laterally into the drainage blind pipe in the slope soil below the geomembrane, and is then discharged from the slope through the drainage blind pipe.

[0035] Specifically, the nutrient soil stabilization layer is laid on top of the gravel water conveyance layer, with a thickness of 100 mm. The nutrient soil stabilization layer contains a soil stabilizing agent, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which is added at a rate of 0.2%-0.5% of the mass of the nutrient soil.

[0036] Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is a water-soluble polymer material. When dissolved in water, it forms a colloid with a certain viscosity, which can bind loose nutrient soil particles into an integral aggregate, significantly improving the cohesion and resistance to water erosion of the substrate, while being non-toxic and harmless to plant growth.

[0037] Specifically, the grass substrate layer is laid on top of the nutrient soil stabilization layer, with a thickness of 30mm. The grass substrate layer is composed of coconut coir, humus and peat moss mixed in a volume ratio of 3:4:3.

[0038] Coconut coir has good air permeability and water retention, humus is rich in organic matter and trace elements, and peat moss has excellent water and fertilizer retention capacity. When the three are mixed in the above proportions, the resulting grass substrate layer is loose, breathable, and rich in nutrients, which is conducive to grass seed germination, seedling growth and root development. At the same time, it has good water retention properties and reduces water evaporation loss.

[0039] Preferably, the drainage blind pipe is covered with geotextile, which is placed over the seepage hole to prevent silt from clogging the seepage hole.

[0040] Specifically, the drainage blind pipe is made of HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe with an outer diameter of 50mm and a wall thickness of 3mm. The seepage holes are evenly spaced along the circumference and longitudinal direction of the drainage blind pipe wall, and the pipe wall opening rate is ≥8%.

[0041] HDPE double-wall corrugated pipes have advantages such as light weight, corrosion resistance, high compressive strength, and smooth inner wall that is not easy to clog. They are suitable for long-term burial in slope environments. In addition, by opening seepage holes and using geotextile, water can be smoothly introduced into the pipe, while large particles of mud and sand can be initially blocked.

[0042] Preferably, each of the ecological concrete grids 1 is anchored to the soil of the slope by anchor bolts 3.

[0043] Specifically, the anchor rod 3 is made of HRB400 threaded steel with a diameter of 22mm and a length controlled between 2.5m and 4.0m according to the slope height. The head (exposed end) of the anchor rod 3 is equipped with an anchor plate and a locking nut, which are used to distribute and transfer the tension of the anchor rod 3 to the ecological concrete grid 1.

[0044] By setting anchor plates and locking nuts at the exposed ends of anchor rods 3, the tension of anchor rods 3 can be evenly distributed and transferred to the ecological concrete grid 1, avoiding local stress concentration and effectively enhancing the overall structural strength.

[0045] Specifically, the anchor rod 3 has been treated with rust prevention.

[0046] By applying anti-rust treatment to the anchor rod 3, it can be isolated from rainwater and soil moisture erosion, delay the rusting and aging of steel, and ensure the mechanical properties and anchoring strength of the anchor rod 3 for a long time.

[0047] Preferably, the intelligent irrigation system includes: A humidity sensor is embedded in the planting space 2 to monitor the humidity of the composite substrate in real time. Drip irrigation tape is installed in the planting space 2 for drip irrigation; The controller is connected to the humidity sensor and the drip irrigation tape. The controller controls the start and stop of the drip irrigation tape based on the detection signal from the humidity sensor.

[0048] Specifically, the humidity sensor is a capacitive soil moisture sensor with a measurement range of 0-100% RH and an accuracy of ±2%. The humidity sensor has corrosion resistance and electrolysis resistance, and is suitable for long-term burial in moist soil environments. When the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold (preferably 40% RH), the detection signal is sent to the controller, and the controller determines that irrigation is needed; when the soil moisture reaches the set upper limit (preferably 60% RH), the controller determines to stop irrigation.

[0049] The sensor-linked controller automatically starts and stops irrigation based on the humidity threshold of 40%RH~60%RH, achieving precise water control, which saves water resources and creates a suitable growing environment for vegetation.

[0050] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and to facilitate understanding and reading. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration, characterized in that, include: Multiple ecological concrete grids are spliced ​​together to form a honeycomb-shaped support structure covering the slope surface, and each ecological concrete grid has a planting space. A composite substrate is filled in each of the planting spaces to provide a moisture retention and nutrient supply environment for plant growth; The drainage and seepage prevention system includes a geomembrane sandwiched between the honeycomb support structure and the slope soil, and a drainage blind pipe buried in the slope soil and located at the bottom of the geomembrane. The geomembrane has planting holes for planting plants, and the orthographic projections of the planting holes and the drainage blind pipe are offset from each other. An intelligent irrigation system is installed within the planting space to automatically control water supply and irrigation based on soil moisture.

2. The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological concrete grid is hexagonal, and the inner periphery of the ecological concrete grid is connected with anti-detachment protrusions to prevent the composite substrate from detaching from the planting space.

3. The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite substrate comprises, from bottom to top, a gravel water conveyance layer, a nutrient soil soil stabilization layer, and a grass planting substrate layer. The drainage blind pipe is provided with multiple seepage holes spaced apart. The gravel water conveyance layer is connected to the drainage blind pipe through the planting holes to transport excess water in the planting space to the drainage blind pipe. The nutrient soil soil stabilization layer contains a soil stabilizing agent to improve erosion resistance.

4. The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The drainage blind pipe is covered with geotextile, which is placed over the seepage hole to prevent silt from clogging the seepage hole.

5. The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned eco-concrete grids is anchored to the soil of the slope via anchor bolts.

6. The integrated structure for ecological slope support and vegetation restoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent irrigation system includes: A humidity sensor is embedded in the planting space to monitor the humidity of the composite substrate in real time. Drip irrigation tape is laid within the planting space for drip irrigation; A controller is connected to the humidity sensor and the drip irrigation tape. The controller controls the start and stop of the drip irrigation tape based on the detection signal from the humidity sensor.

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