Adaptive reinforcement system and control method for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas

Abstract

This invention proposes an adaptive reinforcement system and control method for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas. The system includes a foundation monitoring module, which is buried or deployed within the deformable soil and rock layer surrounding the transmission tower foundation to collect real-time monitoring data of the deformable soil and rock; a tower attitude monitoring module, deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower body to collect real-time tower attitude data; an adaptive support module, located at the bottom of the transmission tower foundation to collect support data at each support point and to correct the transmission tower foundation; and a central control module, communicatively connected to the foundation monitoring module and the adaptive support module, to process real-time parameters of the deformable soil and rock and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, which are then transmitted to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower foundation. This system achieves proactive prediction, adaptive support, and closed-loop protection of the transmission tower foundation under deformation conditions, improving the disaster resistance and operational safety of transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological disaster protection technology for power transmission lines, specifically to an adaptive reinforcement system and control method for power transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas. Background Technology

[0002] my country's mountainous power transmission lines are large in scale and cover a wide area. The line corridors inevitably pass through areas with poor soil and rock stability that are prone to deformation. Under the influence of factors such as rainfall, geological tectonic movement, and soil creep, deformation can easily occur, which can lead to uneven settlement of the transmission tower foundation and tilting of the tower structure. In severe cases, it can cause the entire tower foundation to overturn, resulting in major accidents such as line tripping, power outages, or even tower collapse, which greatly threaten the safe and stable operation of high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage power grids.

[0003] During the construction of existing transmission towers, passive reinforcement structures such as concrete pouring, anchor bolt support, and anti-slide retaining walls are used to improve the stability of the tower foundation to a certain extent. However, the structure is a rigid design and cannot adapt to the dynamic deformation characteristics of landslides, such as creep and sudden sliding. Once the tower foundation tilts, it is difficult to achieve rapid and accurate correction. Therefore, the existing reinforcement structure of transmission towers cannot achieve the function of adaptive adjustment according to the deformation of the foundation, and it is difficult to solve the technical problem of long-term protection of the tower foundation under dynamic deformation in easily deformable areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that existing transmission tower reinforcement structures cannot adaptively adjust to ground deformation, thus hindering long-term protection of tower foundations under dynamic deformation in easily deformable areas, this invention provides an adaptive reinforcement system and control method for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, the system comprising: The foundation monitoring module is buried or deployed in the deformable soil and rock layer around the base of the transmission tower to collect real-time monitoring data of the deformable soil and rock. The tower attitude monitoring module is deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower to collect tower attitude data in real time. An adaptive support module is installed at the bottom of the transmission tower base to collect support data at each support point on the transmission tower base and to correct the transmission tower base. The central control module is communicatively connected to the foundation monitoring module and the adaptive support module. It is used to process real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, and transmit them to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower foundation.

[0006] Preferably, the central control module includes a data preprocessing unit, a deformation prediction unit, a support collaborative solution unit, and an instruction generation unit; The data preprocessing unit is communicatively connected to the ground monitoring module and is used to perform filtering and noise reduction, outlier removal and standardization on real-time monitoring data to generate standardized monitoring data. The deformation prediction unit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit and is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in multiple future time periods based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data, and generate prediction results. The support collaborative calculation unit is communicatively connected to the deformation prediction unit and the adaptive support module, respectively, and is used to determine the target support force and target expansion of each support point under the minimum uneven settlement of the transmission tower foundation and the optimal stress state of the tower body based on the support data and prediction results; at the same time, it compares the tower body attitude data with the preset safety standard to generate fine-tuning prediction results. The instruction generation unit is communicatively connected to the support collaborative calculation unit and the adaptive support module, respectively, and is used to generate independent adjustment instructions for each support point based on the target support force and target expansion or fine-tuning prediction results.

[0007] Preferably, the deformation prediction unit includes a short-term prediction subunit, a long-term prediction subunit, and a pattern recognition subunit; The short-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1 to 3 hours based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data within 1 to 6 hours before the corresponding time of the standardized monitoring data, and to determine the short-term deformation displacement trend and generate short-term prediction results. The long-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1-7 days based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data within 7-30 days before the corresponding time of the standardized monitoring data, and to determine the long-term deformation displacement trend and generate long-term prediction results. The pattern recognition subunit is communicatively connected to the long-term prediction subunit and the short-term prediction subunit, respectively. It is used to extract the displacement rate from the long-term prediction result and the short-term prediction result, compare the displacement rate with the preset displacement rate judgment threshold, determine the deformation type of the deformable soil and rock, generate a prediction call signal, associate it with the long-term prediction result or the short-term prediction result, and generate a prediction result.

[0008] Preferably, the central control module further includes a remote communication unit and an early warning unit; The early warning unit is communicatively connected to the adaptive support module and the foundation monitoring module, respectively, and is used to compare real-time monitoring data with a preset early warning threshold. If the early warning threshold is exceeded, or if the adjustment angle of the support point is found to be greater than the preset angle threshold, an alarm is issued. The remote communication unit is communicatively connected to the early warning unit, the adaptive support module, and the foundation monitoring module, and is used to wirelessly transmit alarm information, real-time monitoring data, and support data to the remote monitoring terminal.

[0009] Preferably, the foundation monitoring module includes a multi-layer borehole displacement gauge, a surface displacement monitoring unit, and a pore water pressure gauge; The borehole displacement gauge is buried in deformable soil and rock layers at different depths around the base of the transmission tower to monitor the relative displacement between the deep and shallow layers of the deformable soil and rock layers. The ground displacement monitoring unit is deployed on the ground surface around the base of the transmission tower to monitor the absolute displacement data of the ground surface around the base of the transmission tower. The pore water pressure gauge is buried in the potential deformation area around the base of the transmission tower to monitor changes in pore water pressure caused by groundwater and rainfall.

[0010] Preferably, the adaptive support module includes a fixed base, an adjustable support column, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a pressure sensor; The fixed base is anchored to stable bedrock or deep stable strata by prestressed anchor rods, and the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor rods is not less than 1.5 times the design support force of the unit. The lower end of the adjustable support column is connected to the fixed base, and the upper end of the adjustable support column is connected to the tower foot node of the transmission tower. The hydraulic drive mechanism is arranged coaxially and parallel to the adjustable support column, and is used to drive the adjustable support column to adjust its axial extension and retraction. The pressure sensor is located at the hinge joint between the upper end of the adjustable support column and the tower foot node, and is used to collect support force data in real time.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustable support column includes an outer sleeve and an inner support rod; The lower end of the outer sleeve is connected to the fixed base by a ball joint, the lower end of the inner support rod is coaxially slidably nested inside the outer sleeve, and the upper end of the inner support rod is connected to the tower foot node of the transmission tower by a ball joint. Preferably, the hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the outer wall of the outer sleeve, and the extended end of the piston rod is connected to the outer wall of the inner support rod.

[0012] Preferably, the tower attitude monitoring module includes a tilt sensor and a strain sensor, both of which are communicatively connected to the central control module and are deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower.

[0013] This invention provides a control method for an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, comprising the following steps: The foundation monitoring module collects real-time monitoring data of the deformed soil and rock. The tower attitude monitoring module collects tower attitude data in real time; The adaptive support module collects support data from each support point on the transmission tower base and corrects the transmission tower base accordingly. The central control module processes real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data, and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, which are then transmitted to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower base.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention proposes an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas. The system collects multi-dimensional deformation data of landslide soil and rock in real time through a foundation monitoring module, and synchronously collects the stress parameters of each tower foot support through an adaptive support module. Then, the central control module integrates geological and support data to generate differentiated adjustment commands and issues them for execution, carrying out integrated linkage operations of stratum perception, stress acquisition, and intelligent control to achieve dynamic adaptive adjustment, real-time correction of tower foundation attitude, and improve the long-term stability of transmission tower foundations.

[0015] Furthermore, the central control module of this system uses a data preprocessing unit to filter and reduce noise, remove outliers, and standardize the raw field monitoring data. A deformation prediction unit integrates historical and real-time monitoring data to predict future deformation trends of the strata. A support collaborative calculation unit solves for the adjustment of each support with the goal of minimizing tower foundation settlement and optimizing tower stress. An instruction generation unit outputs independent adjustment signals for each location. This process involves full-link data cleaning, deformation prediction, collaborative calculation, and precise instruction output, achieving intelligent prediction and proactive protection. By combining real-time monitoring data with historical deformation data, the system predicts deformation displacement trends in advance, replacing traditional passive remedial protection with proactive prediction and advance adjustment. This significantly reduces the impact of geological disasters on transmission tower foundations, minimizes disaster losses, further strengthens the adaptive adjustment capability to geological changes, and enhances the long-term stress stability of the tower foundation.

[0016] Furthermore, the deformation prediction unit of this system uses a short-term prediction subunit to predict short-term sudden slip trends based on data from the past 1 to 6 hours, a long-term prediction subunit to extrapolate long-term creep patterns based on historical data from 7 to 30 days, and a pattern recognition subunit to automatically identify deformation types and match corresponding prediction models by comparing displacement rate thresholds. This allows for differentiated trend extrapolation of fast and slow deformation in different scenarios, accurately matching the prediction requirements of different working conditions. This enables high-precision geological trend prediction required for dynamic adaptive adjustment, avoiding situations where a single model cannot simultaneously account for fast and slow deformation, leading to adjustment lag and deviations in adjustment amount. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This invention provides a system block diagram of an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the dynamic adjustment process of the pattern recognition subunit in the adaptive reinforcement system for easily deformable transmission tower foundations provided by this invention. Detailed Implementation In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0020] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] This invention proposes an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a foundation monitoring module, a tower attitude monitoring module, an adaptive support module, and a central control module. The foundation monitoring module, tower attitude monitoring module, adaptive support module, and tower attitude monitoring module are all connected to the central control module via a wired industrial bus communication connection. This enables real-time interaction and collaborative control of multi-source data, constructing an integrated intelligent protection system that integrates multi-dimensional ground perception, intelligent deformation prediction, differentiated collaborative adjustment of multiple supports, and closed-loop correction of tower attitude. This system is specifically designed for long-term dynamic reinforcement and protection of transmission tower foundations in mountainous slopes and landslide-prone areas, and can simultaneously address two typical geological deformation conditions: sudden rapid slippage and long-term soil and rock creep.

[0024] The system includes a foundation monitoring module, which is buried or deployed within the deformable soil and rock layer surrounding the transmission tower base to collect real-time monitoring data of the deformable soil and rock; a tower attitude monitoring module, deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower body to collect real-time tower attitude data; an adaptive support module, located at the bottom of the transmission tower base to collect support data at each support point on the transmission tower base and to correct the transmission tower base; and a central control module, which is communicatively connected to the foundation monitoring module and the adaptive support module to process real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data, and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point and transmit them to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower base.

[0025] The foundation monitoring module consists of multiple sets of equipment layered and buried or deployed within the deformable soil and rock layers surrounding the transmission tower foundation, covering the shallow surface, the middle sliding zone, and the deep intact strata. It continuously and around the clock collects multi-dimensional real-time monitoring data on soil and rock displacement, stratum dip angle, and groundwater pore water pressure, completely reconstructing the entire deformation evolution process from the surface to the deep strata. The tower attitude monitoring module is deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower, collecting real-time data on tower attitude, such as the tower tilt angle and stress-strain of key members. The adaptive support module consists of multiple independent support units evenly distributed around the four corners of the tower, installed as a whole between the bottom of the transmission tower foundation and the deep stable bedrock. On one hand, it relies on built-in pressure sensors to collect real-time support data such as axial support force and support extension / retraction stroke at each support point of the transmission tower foundation. On the other hand, it receives differentiated adjustment commands from the central control module to complete axial extension / retraction actions, actively correcting unevenness in the tower foundation caused by landslides. Settlement and overall tower tilt issues are addressed. The central control module is bidirectionally connected to the foundation monitoring module, adaptive support module, and tower attitude monitoring module, serving as the core of the entire reinforcement system's computational decision-making. It synchronously receives real-time monitoring parameters of the deformable soil and rock, tower attitude sensor data, and operational support data from each support unit. Relying on built-in multi-objective optimization algorithms and hierarchical prediction models, it completes data cleaning, deformation trend deduction, and collaborative calculation of support adjustment amounts. It generates independent telescopic adjustment commands for each support point and sends them to the adaptive support module, driving synchronous and differentiated actions of each support mechanism to dynamically correct the tower foundation's stress and attitude. The tower attitude monitoring module is independently deployed to key stress-bearing main material nodes of the transmission tower, serving as an upper-level verification and feedback channel for ground monitoring data. It provides real-time feedback on the tower tilt angle and main material stress and strain information, providing a secondary correction basis for the central control module's collaborative calculations, significantly reducing tower foundation attitude adjustment errors, and forming a complete closed-loop control logic.

[0026] In this embodiment, the central control module adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller and is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply module. It can continue to operate for 24 hours after the external mains power is cut off, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the control system under extreme disaster conditions such as rainstorms and landslides. Internally, it integrates a data preprocessing unit, a deformation prediction unit, a support collaborative calculation unit, and an instruction generation unit. The data preprocessing unit is communicatively connected to the ground monitoring module. It receives real-time monitoring data uploaded by the ground monitoring module and uses wavelet filtering algorithm to perform filtering and noise reduction, outlier removal, and multi-dimensional standardization of the monitoring data dimensions to generate standardized monitoring data. Since the field monitoring environment is susceptible to noise and distortion caused by rainfall, electromagnetic interference, and equipment vibration, the data preprocessing unit can automatically identify and remove invalid and abnormal data, outputting a high-precision standardized monitoring dataset. This ensures the accuracy of subsequent deformation prediction and support force co-calculation, and avoids erroneous output of adjustment commands due to distorted data.

[0027] The deformation prediction unit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit and has a built-in graded landslide displacement prediction model. It is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in multiple future time periods based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data, and generate prediction results. The deformation prediction unit includes a short-term prediction subunit, a long-term prediction subunit, and a pattern recognition subunit, which work together to automatically identify deformation conditions and accurately predict them according to different scenarios.

[0028] The short-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It constructs a prediction model based on Kalman filtering or long short-term memory neural networks. It uses historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data within 1 to 6 hours before the corresponding time of standardized monitoring data as the data input of the prediction model to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1 to 3 hours, and determine the short-term deformation displacement trend to generate short-term prediction results. It can quickly generate short-term deformation displacement trend prediction results and adapt to high-speed deformation conditions such as sudden rapid landslides and instantaneous slope slips caused by short-term heavy rainfall. The long-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It builds a prediction model based on a grey model or a periodic displacement analysis algorithm. It uses historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data from 7-30 days prior to the corresponding time of standardized monitoring data as the data input for the prediction model. It extracts the periodic variation law of soil and rock creep, predicts the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1-7 days, determines the long-term deformation displacement trend, and generates long-term prediction results. It is suitable for low-speed deformation scenarios such as long-term creep and continuous micro-settlement of slopes under no obvious external force disturbance. The pattern recognition subunit is communicatively connected to both the long-term prediction subunit and the short-term prediction subunit. It is used to extract the displacement rate from the long-term and short-term prediction results, compare the displacement rate with a preset displacement rate threshold to determine the deformation type of the deformable soil and rock, and generate a prediction call signal. This signal is then associated with either the long-term or short-term prediction result to generate a prediction result. For example, Figure 2 As shown, the preset displacement rate thresholds are 0.5 mm / h and 5 mm / h. When the displacement rate is greater than 5 mm / h, it is determined to be a sudden rapid deformation, and a short-term prediction call signal is output. The control system prioritizes using the short-term prediction results to calculate the support adjustment. When the displacement rate is less than 0.5 mm / h, it is determined to be creeping slow deformation, and a long-term prediction call signal is output. The system uses the long-term creep trend as the adjustment basis. When the displacement rate is in the range of 0.5 mm / h to 5 mm / h, it is determined to be a stable slow deformation, and the long and short-term prediction results are simultaneously integrated to carry out compromise adjustment. At the same time, the pattern recognition subunit can automatically switch the monitoring and acquisition frequency according to the deformation type. Under rapid deformation conditions, the monitoring and acquisition frequency is increased to 5 seconds / time, under normal creep conditions, it is 1 minute / time, and under stable formation conditions, it maintains a normal acquisition frequency of 10 minutes / time, which reduces equipment energy consumption while ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0029] The support collaborative calculation unit is communicatively connected to both the deformation prediction unit and the adaptive support module. It incorporates a model prediction control algorithm and a transmission tower structure stiffness matrix database. Based on the support data and prediction results, it determines the target support force and target expansion / contraction at each support point under the optimal stress state of the transmission tower foundation, minimizing uneven settlement. Simultaneously, it compares the tower attitude data with preset safety standards to generate fine-tuning prediction results. This involves receiving the displacement trend prediction results output by the deformation prediction unit, the real-time upload of support force data at each point from the adaptive support module, and the tower attitude data. The tilt and strain data fed back by the state monitoring module are used as dual core control objectives: "tower base tilt ≤ 0.1° and support force deviation of each support unit ≤ 5%". The rated support force, maximum extension stroke and extension response rate of the hydraulic mechanism are used as constraints. Through rolling optimization multi-objective solution algorithm, the target support force and target extension amount corresponding to each support unit are calculated to minimize the uneven settlement of the transmission tower base and optimize the tower stress. This balances the stress distribution around the tower base, avoids the local stress concentration problem caused by traditional uniform support, and extends the overall service life of the tower base and reinforcement structure.

[0030] The instruction generation unit is communicatively connected to the support collaborative calculation unit and the adaptive support module, respectively. It is used to generate independent adjustment instructions for each support point based on the target support force and target expansion or fine-tuning prediction results. Specifically, it receives the target support force and target expansion parameters of each support point output by the calculation unit, converts the numerical values ​​into pulse width modulation signals or proportional valve precision control signals adapted to the hydraulic drive mechanism, generates independent and differentiated adjustment instructions for each support unit, and sends them to the corresponding hydraulic drive mechanism to achieve synchronous and asynchronous long-precision expansion and contraction adjustment of multiple supports.

[0031] In this embodiment, the central control module further includes a remote communication unit and an early warning unit; The early warning unit is communicatively connected to both the adaptive support module and the foundation monitoring module. It compares real-time monitoring data with preset early warning thresholds. If the data exceeds the early warning threshold, or if the adjustment angle of the support point is found to be greater than the preset angle threshold, an alarm is issued. The early warning unit is a local audible and visual alarm. The early warning thresholds include ground displacement early warning threshold, pore water pressure early warning threshold, tower tilt angle early warning threshold, and support travel limit early warning threshold. It compares various monitoring data with preset thresholds in real time. If the monitored indicators exceed the safety early warning threshold, or if the support unit's adjustment travel reaches the equipment's limit angle threshold, the local audible and visual alarm is immediately activated to issue an on-site alarm, and an early warning signal is simultaneously pushed to the remote communication unit. The remote communication unit is connected to the early warning unit, the adaptive support module, and the foundation monitoring module. It uses a 4G / 5G wireless transmission module to build a remote data link, which is used to wirelessly transmit alarm information, real-time monitoring data, and support data to the remote monitoring terminal. Maintenance personnel can remotely view the entire process of tower foundation deformation and support adjustment action records, realize unattended remote supervision, carry out emergency response in advance, and change the traditional delayed protection mode of post-disaster repair.

[0032] In this embodiment, the foundation monitoring module includes a multi-layer borehole displacement gauge, a surface displacement monitoring unit, and a pore water pressure gauge; The borehole displacement gauge is buried in the deformable soil and rock layers at different depths around the base of the transmission tower, namely at the shallow layer of 2m, the middle layer of 5m, and the deep layer of 8m, respectively. It is used to monitor the relative displacement between the deep and shallow layers of the deformable soil and rock layers, accurately locate the sliding surface inside the landslide, and capture the characteristics of stratified sliding. The surface displacement monitoring unit uses a GNSS displacement monitoring station or an array of surface displacement meters, which are deployed on the surface around the transmission tower base to monitor the absolute displacement data of the surface around the transmission tower base in layers, continuously collect the absolute displacement data of the landslide body, and intuitively reflect the overall sliding amplitude of the slope. The pore water pressure gauge is buried in the potential sliding zone and deformation area rich in groundwater around the base of the transmission tower. It is used to monitor changes in pore water pressure caused by groundwater and rainfall. A sudden increase in pore water pressure is an important precursor indicator of landslide instability. This device can capture the triggering factors of landslides in advance and provide groundwater dimension support data for predicting deformation trends.

[0033] In this embodiment, the adaptive support module is evenly arranged with four independent support units at the four corners of the tower base. Each independent support unit includes a fixed base, an adjustable support column, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a pressure sensor. The support unit adopts a dual safety protection design of hydraulic adjustment and mechanical locking to avoid the safety defects of existing pure hydraulic support failure due to pressure loss.

[0034] The fixed base is anchored to stable bedrock or deep stable strata by four prestressed anchor rods. The pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor rods is not less than 1.5 times the design support force of the unit, ensuring that the foundation at the bottom of the support does not slide synchronously with the landslide body, providing a stable force support point for tower foundation correction. The lower end of the adjustable support column is connected to the fixed base by a ball joint, and the upper end of the adjustable support column is connected to the tower foot node by a ball joint. The double ball joint structure can adapt to small angle deflections during tower foundation correction, avoiding additional bending stress generated by rigid connection. The hydraulic drive mechanism is arranged coaxially and parallel to the adjustable support column, used to drive the axial extension and retraction adjustment of the adjustable support column. The hydraulic cylinder integrates a hydraulic control check valve, which automatically locks the oil circuit in case of sudden pressure loss or oil pipe leakage in the hydraulic system, maintaining the current support stroke. The pressure sensor is arranged at the hinge point between the upper end of the adjustable support column and the tower foot node of the transmission tower, used to collect support force data in real time and continuously transmit it back to the central control module for dynamic correction and adjustment commands.

[0035] In this embodiment, the adjustable support column includes an outer sleeve and an inner support rod; The lower end of the outer sleeve is ball-jointed to the fixed base, and the lower end of the inner support rod is coaxially slidably nested inside the outer sleeve. The upper end of the inner support rod is ball-jointed to the tower foot node of the transmission tower. The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the outer sleeve, and the extended end of the piston rod is rigidly connected to the outer wall of the inner support rod. The piston rod is extended and retracted by hydraulic oil, which drives the inner support rod to slide axially along the outer sleeve, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the support column length. At the same time, the adjustable support column is equipped with a mechanical locking mechanism, which consists of an electromagnetic pin and an axial locking hole group. Multiple locking holes are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the inner support rod, with an adjacent locking hole spacing of 50mm. The electromagnetic pin is fixed to the top side wall of the outer sleeve. After the adjustable support column is adjusted to the target extension and retraction amount, the central control system delays for 1 second to control the electromagnetic pin to insert into the corresponding locking hole, thereby achieving mechanical rigid locking. This serves as a backup protection in case of hydraulic drive failure, forming a hydraulic-mechanical dual locking protection system.

[0036] In this embodiment, the tower attitude monitoring module is deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower to collect tower attitude data in real time, specifically the tower tilt angle and stress-strain data of key members. This data serves as a verification basis for the ground monitoring data, improving the system's closed-loop control. The tower attitude monitoring module includes tilt sensors and strain sensors, both of which are communicatively connected to the central control module and are deployed at key nodes of the main structural members at one-third of the tower's height. Once the foundation monitoring module detects ground slippage and drives the support units to complete tower foundation adjustment, the tower attitude monitoring module immediately collects the adjusted tower tilt and member stress values ​​and transmits them back to the central control module. The support collaborative calculation unit compares the actual tower attitude with preset safety standards, generating fine-tuning prediction results. If the tilt or stress does not reach the optimal state, a secondary calculation is performed to fine-tune the extension and retraction of each support unit, conducting iterative corrections to significantly improve the accuracy of tower foundation attitude correction. The command generation unit generates independent adjustment commands for each support point based on the fine-tuning prediction results.

[0037] This invention provides a control method for an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, comprising the following steps: The foundation monitoring module collects real-time monitoring data of the deformed soil and rock. The tower attitude monitoring module collects tower attitude data in real time; The adaptive support module collects support data from each support point on the transmission tower base and corrects the transmission tower base accordingly. The central control module processes real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data, and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, which are then transmitted to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower base.

[0038] Step S1: The foundation monitoring module synchronously collects real-time monitoring data on the displacement, tilt angle, and pore water pressure of the deformable soil and rock through multi-layer borehole displacement gauges, GNSS surface displacement monitoring units, and pore water pressure gauges; the adaptive support module has built-in pressure sensors to collect real-time data on the support force and extension stroke of each support point on the transmission tower foundation; the tower attitude monitoring module synchronously collects data on the tower tilt angle and main material stress and strain; the central control system presets the conventional monitoring frequency, the rapid sliding densification frequency, and the creep densification frequency, and dynamically adjusts the acquisition frequency based on the deformation mode determination results of the pattern recognition subunit within the deformation prediction unit; Step S2: The data preprocessing unit of the central control module receives all the raw sensing data, completes filtering and noise reduction, outlier removal, and dimensional standardization, and outputs interference-free standardized monitoring data. Step S3: The deformation prediction unit calculates the short-term and long-term deformation prediction results based on standardized data and a 7-30 day historical database; the pattern recognition subunit extracts the displacement rate and compares it with a preset threshold to determine the deformation type, and calls the corresponding prediction model to output the optimal deformation trend prediction result. Step S4: The deformation prediction results of the support collaborative solution unit are integrated with the real-time support force of each support point and the tower body attitude feedback data. With the tower base tilt and support force balance as the control objectives, the target support force and target expansion and contraction of each support unit are solved. Step S5: The instruction generation unit converts the calculated values ​​into hydraulic drive control signals and sends independent adjustment instructions to each adaptive support unit; the hydraulic drive mechanism drives the adjustable support column to extend and retract axially, completing the correction of uneven settlement and tilting posture of the tower base; after the adjustment is in place, the control system delays for 1 second to trigger the electromagnetic pin mechanical locking mechanism to complete the hydraulic-mechanical double locking and fixing. Step S6: Repeat steps S1 to S5 in a dynamically adjusted acquisition cycle to continuously acquire the real-time status of the strata, tower body, and support unit, and iteratively adjust the support posture to dynamically offset the adverse effects of continuous deformation on the transmission tower base; when the monitoring indicators exceed the safety threshold, the early warning unit activates the local audible and visual alarm, and the remote communication unit simultaneously pushes the early warning information to the remote monitoring terminal to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to intervene in emergency response.

[0039] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and thus all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0040] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, characterized in that, The system includes: The foundation monitoring module is buried or deployed in the deformable soil and rock layer around the base of the transmission tower to collect real-time monitoring data of the deformable soil and rock. The tower attitude monitoring module is deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower to collect tower attitude data in real time. An adaptive support module is installed at the bottom of the transmission tower base to collect support data at each support point on the transmission tower base and to correct the transmission tower base. The central control module is communicatively connected to the foundation monitoring module and the adaptive support module. It is used to process real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, and transmit them to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower foundation.

2. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module includes a data preprocessing unit, a deformation prediction unit, a support collaborative solution unit, and an instruction generation unit. The data preprocessing unit is communicatively connected to the ground monitoring module and is used to perform filtering and noise reduction, outlier removal and standardization on real-time monitoring data to generate standardized monitoring data. The deformation prediction unit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit and is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in multiple future time periods based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data, and generate prediction results. The support collaborative calculation unit is communicatively connected to the deformation prediction unit and the adaptive support module, respectively, and is used to determine the target support force and target expansion of each support point under the minimum uneven settlement of the transmission tower foundation and the optimal stress state of the tower body based on the support data and prediction results; at the same time, it compares the tower body attitude data with the preset safety standard to generate fine-tuning prediction results. The instruction generation unit is communicatively connected to the support collaborative calculation unit and the adaptive support module, respectively, and is used to generate independent adjustment instructions for each support point based on the target support force and target expansion or fine-tuning prediction results.

3. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The deformation prediction unit includes a short-term prediction subunit, a long-term prediction subunit, and a pattern recognition subunit. The short-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1 to 3 hours based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data within 1 to 6 hours before the corresponding time of the standardized monitoring data, and to determine the short-term deformation displacement trend and generate short-term prediction results. The long-term prediction subunit is communicatively connected to the data preprocessing unit. It is used to predict the deformation displacement, displacement direction and displacement rate of the deformable soil and rock in the next 1-7 days based on historical monitoring data and standardized monitoring data within 7-30 days before the corresponding time of the standardized monitoring data, and to determine the long-term deformation displacement trend and generate long-term prediction results. The pattern recognition subunit is communicatively connected to the long-term prediction subunit and the short-term prediction subunit, respectively. It is used to extract the displacement rate from the long-term prediction result and the short-term prediction result, compare the displacement rate with the preset displacement rate judgment threshold, determine the deformation type of the deformable soil and rock, generate a prediction call signal, associate it with the long-term prediction result or the short-term prediction result, and generate a prediction result.

4. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module also includes a remote communication unit and an early warning unit; The early warning unit is communicatively connected to the adaptive support module and the foundation monitoring module, respectively, and is used to compare real-time monitoring data with a preset early warning threshold. If the early warning threshold is exceeded, or if the adjustment angle of the support point is found to be greater than the preset angle threshold, an alarm is issued. The remote communication unit is communicatively connected to the early warning unit, the adaptive support module, and the foundation monitoring module, and is used to wirelessly transmit alarm information, real-time monitoring data, and support data to the remote monitoring terminal.

5. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foundation monitoring module includes a multi-layer borehole displacement gauge, a surface displacement monitoring unit, and a pore water pressure gauge. The borehole displacement gauge is buried in deformable soil and rock layers at different depths around the base of the transmission tower to monitor the relative displacement between the deep and shallow layers of the deformable soil and rock layers. The ground displacement monitoring unit is deployed on the ground surface around the base of the transmission tower to monitor the absolute displacement data of the ground surface around the base of the transmission tower. The pore water pressure gauge is buried in the potential deformation area around the base of the transmission tower to monitor changes in pore water pressure caused by groundwater and rainfall.

6. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive support module includes a fixed base, an adjustable support column, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a pressure sensor. The fixed base is anchored to stable bedrock or deep stable strata by prestressed anchor rods, and the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor rods is not less than 1.5 times the design support force of the unit. The lower end of the adjustable support column is connected to the fixed base, and the upper end of the adjustable support column is connected to the tower foot node of the transmission tower. The hydraulic drive mechanism is arranged coaxially and parallel to the adjustable support column, and is used to drive the adjustable support column to adjust its axial extension and retraction. The pressure sensor is located at the hinge joint between the upper end of the adjustable support column and the tower foot node, and is used to collect support force data in real time.

7. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustable support column includes an outer sleeve and an inner support rod; The lower end of the outer sleeve is connected to the fixed base by a ball joint, the lower end of the inner support rod is coaxially slidably nested inside the outer sleeve, and the upper end of the inner support rod is connected to the tower foot node of the transmission tower by a ball joint.

8. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the outer wall of the outer sleeve, and the extended end of the piston rod is connected to the outer wall of the inner support rod.

9. The adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tower attitude monitoring module includes a tilt sensor and a strain sensor, both of which are communicatively connected to the central control module and are deployed at key nodes of the transmission tower.

10. A control method for an adaptive reinforcement system for transmission tower foundations in easily deformable areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The foundation monitoring module collects real-time monitoring data of the deformed soil and rock. The tower attitude monitoring module collects tower attitude data in real time; The adaptive support module collects support data from each support point on the transmission tower base and corrects the transmission tower base accordingly. The central control module processes real-time monitoring data, tower attitude data, and support data to generate independent adjustment commands for each support point, which are then transmitted to the adaptive support module to correct the transmission tower base.

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