A method for implementing monitoring of a tunneling curve segment construction based on an internet of things

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for constructing curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring, relating to the field of curved tunnel construction technology. It includes constructing a tunnel curved construction management system to collect real-time data on surrounding rock deformation, arch settlement, and perimeter convergence during the curved section construction process. The invention establishes a tunnel curved data acquisition module, an analysis and early warning terminal, and a real-time construction monitoring module. The tunnel curved construction management system monitors the distribution and operational status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the IoT communication network in real time. When an anomaly or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warnings and communication link switching. Simultaneously, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel inside the tunnel and the management platform, managing, visualizing, and storing the tunnel curved section construction data and corresponding analysis results. This facilitates the implementation of tunnel curved section construction management through internet cloud control, improving the level of intelligence in tunnel curved section construction management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of curved section technology in mined tunnels, specifically a construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Construction of curved sections in mined tunnels presents a significant technical challenge in urban subway, mountain tunnel, and underground utility tunnel projects. Compared to straight sections, curved sections face unique challenges such as asymmetrical distribution of surrounding rock stress, greater difficulty in controlling over- and under-excavation, and a higher risk of centerline deviation.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 115977652 B relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a method for constructing curved sections of mined tunnels. The method includes the following steps: prefabricating an axis positioning rod according to the tunnel axis parameters; installing the axis positioning rod to the tunnel sidewall using several clamping components, with the axis positioning rod parallel to the tunnel axis; and verifying the tunnel curvature by measuring the distance from the tunnel sidewall to the axis positioning rod during tunnel excavation. This method only requires simple distance measurement using a steel ruler to verify the curvature of the curved section. It is simple to operate, requires less skill from construction personnel, avoids frequent total station measurements and layout, and improves the excavation efficiency of curved tunnel sections. The axis positioning rod, prefabricated according to the tunnel curve axis, provides precise guidance for the construction of curved tunnel sections, thus improving the construction quality of curved tunnel sections.

[0004] Current tunnel construction monitoring mainly relies on manual periodic measurements and on-site inspections, which has the following problems: Risk warnings rely on human experience and judgment. Monitoring data is usually manually compiled and reported. Whether to activate an early warning and which level of early warning to activate depends mainly on the personal experience of on-site technicians. There is a lack of unified quantitative standards. Different technicians may draw different conclusions from the same set of data, resulting in inconsistent emergency response timing and measures.

[0005] The various monitoring systems at the construction site are isolated from each other. The surrounding rock deformation monitoring, construction equipment operation monitoring, personnel positioning management and communication systems operate independently, and the data is stored in different platforms. When an alarm for exceeding the deformation limit occurs, it is necessary to query the equipment operation records and personnel location information separately, which makes it impossible to quickly form a complete judgment of the on-site situation, affecting the efficiency of emergency decision-making and causing many inconveniences.

[0006] Therefore, this invention requires the design of a construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing curved sections of mined tunnels that enables real-time data acquisition, quantitative and graded early warning, multi-system linkage, and communication redundancy, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: A construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring includes the following specific steps: S1. Construct the tunnel curve construction management system to collect the surrounding rock deformation, arch settlement and perimeter convergence during the construction of the curve section in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset deformation control threshold, a risk alarm signal is automatically generated, and the monitoring data is processed and stored. S2. Combining the tunnel design alignment parameters, the tunnel curve construction management system comprehensively analyzes the crown settlement trend, the surrounding convergence trend and the working face stability, and generates a construction safety status assessment report. When the assessment results exceed the limits, a three-level early warning notification is automatically generated according to the preset early warning mechanism. S3. The tunnel curve construction management system monitors the distribution and operation status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the Internet of Things communication network in real time. When an abnormality or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warning and communication link switching. At the same time, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel in the tunnel and the management platform to realize the push of early warning information and emergency response guidance.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling frequency of the surrounding rock deformation and arch settlement in step S1 is once per minute to once every 10 minutes. The preset deformation control threshold is determined according to the surrounding rock grade and burial depth of the tunnel curve section. The cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade II surrounding rock is 30-50mm, the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade III surrounding rock is 50-70mm, and the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade IV surrounding rock is 80-100mm. The deformation rate control threshold is uniformly set to 5mm / d.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-level early warning mechanism in step S2 includes: A yellow alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 70% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 80% of the control threshold, reminding the site to increase the monitoring frequency. An orange alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 85% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 90% of the control threshold, requiring a halt to excavation at the tunnel face and reinforcement of support. A red alert is triggered when the deformation rate or the cumulative deformation exceeds the control threshold, requiring the immediate evacuation of personnel and the activation of the emergency response plan.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the push method of the warning notification in step S2 includes at least two of the following: SMS push, mobile terminal application push, and control platform pop-up push. The warning notification content includes the warning level, trigger time, name of the over-limit indicator, current monitoring value, and control threshold. Orange and above warning notifications require on-site management personnel to confirm and reply within 5 minutes of receiving them. If no confirmation is received within the time limit, the warning will be automatically upgraded to the next higher warning level.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frequency of collecting the operating parameters of the field equipment in step S3 is once every 10 seconds to once every 30 seconds. The triggering conditions for equipment fault warning include the tunneling machine cutterhead torque exceeding 120% of the rated torque, the shield tail grouting pressure exceeding ±15% of the designed grouting pressure range, and the ventilation equipment air volume being lower than 80% of the designed air volume. When the communication interruption time exceeds 30 seconds, the system automatically switches to the backup communication link and triggers a communication abnormality alarm.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel curve construction management system includes a tunnel curve data acquisition module, an analysis and early warning terminal, and a construction real-time monitoring module. The output end of the tunnel curve data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the input end of the analysis and early warning terminal, and the analysis and early warning terminal is bidirectionally communicatively connected to the construction real-time monitoring module.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel curve data acquisition module includes a tunnel curve data acquisition unit, a risk control unit, and a tunnel curve data processing unit. The risk control unit is integrated inside the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, and the output end of the tunnel curve data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the tunnel curve data processing unit. The tunnel curve data acquisition unit is used to collect data on surrounding rock deformation, over-excavation and under-excavation, crown settlement and perimeter convergence in real time during the excavation of the curved section by using laser rangefinders, total stations and tilt sensors deployed on the arch crown, sidewalls and working face of the tunnel curve section. The risk control unit is used to receive real-time monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, compare the actual deformation amount with the preset deformation control threshold, and automatically generate a risk alarm signal when the deformation rate or cumulative deformation amount exceeds the reserved deformation amount control value, and determine the risk level of the centerline deviation of the curve segment and the excavation outline deviation. The tunnel curve data processing unit is used to clean, standardize, and classify the monitoring data and alarm information, and then send the processed integrated monitoring data to the analysis and early warning terminal.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis and early warning terminal includes a construction data analysis unit, an early warning unit, and a control platform. The output end of the construction data analysis unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the early warning unit, and the output end of the early warning unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control platform. The construction data analysis unit is used to receive integrated monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data processing unit, and, in combination with the tunnel design alignment parameters and geological forecast information, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the crown settlement trend, periphery convergence trend and tunnel face stability during the construction of the curve section, and generate a construction safety status assessment report. The early warning unit is used to receive the safety status assessment results output by the construction data analysis unit. When the analysis results show that the deformation rate exceeds the limit, the support structure is under abnormal stress, or the centerline deviation exceeds the allowable range, the unit automatically generates an early warning notification of the corresponding level according to the preset three-level early warning mechanism and sends the early warning information to the control platform and the mobile terminal of the on-site management personnel. The control platform is used to centrally display real-time monitoring data, safety assessment results, and early warning information for the construction of curved sections of mined tunnels. It provides a visual human-computer interaction interface and supports managers to remotely view construction progress, retrieve historical data, and issue construction adjustment instructions.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construction real-time monitoring module includes a site monitoring unit, an equipment real-time monitoring unit, and a network-related data monitoring unit, wherein the site monitoring unit and the equipment real-time monitoring unit are bidirectionally connected to the network-related data monitoring unit. The on-site monitoring unit is used to collect real-time image data of personnel distribution, excavation operation status and support construction progress at the construction site through industrial cameras and infrared sensors deployed inside and at the entrance of the tunnel's curved section, and to locate and track construction personnel and identify their behavior of crossing boundaries into dangerous areas. The real-time equipment monitoring unit is used to monitor and process the on-site equipment installation and operation data in real time during the construction of curved sections of mined tunnels. The on-site equipment includes tunneling machines, muck transport vehicles, ventilation equipment, grouting equipment, and PLC controllers. When the equipment operating parameters deviate from the preset normal range, an equipment fault warning is automatically generated. The network-related data monitoring unit is used to monitor the signal strength, data transmission rate and node online status of the IoT communication network at the tunnel construction site in real time. When a communication interruption or data packet loss rate exceeds a set threshold, it automatically switches to the backup communication link and records the data cache information during the network outage.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel curve construction management system further includes a field communication module. The field communication module is used to establish a two-way voice and text communication channel between the construction personnel inside the tunnel curve section and the control platform. When the analysis and early warning terminal issues an early warning signal, it automatically pushes the early warning information and corresponding emergency response measures to the mobile terminals of the construction personnel on site, and automatically triggers the emergency plan reporting procedure when the early warning is not confirmed in time.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention constructs a complete tunnel curve construction management system by setting up a tunnel curve data acquisition module, an analysis and early warning terminal and a construction real-time monitoring module. It collects the surrounding rock deformation, arch settlement and perimeter convergence during the construction of the curve section in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset deformation control threshold, a risk alarm signal is automatically generated and the monitoring data is processed and stored. By combining tunnel design alignment parameters, the tunnel curve construction management system comprehensively analyzes the crown settlement trend, peripheral convergence trend, and tunnel face stability, generating a construction safety status assessment report. When the assessment results exceed limits, a three-level early warning notification is automatically generated according to a preset early warning mechanism. The tunnel curve construction management system monitors the distribution and operation status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the Internet of Things communication network in real time. When an anomaly or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warnings and communication link switching. At the same time, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel inside the tunnel and the management platform to realize the push of early warning information and emergency response guidance. It manages, visualizes, and stores the construction data and corresponding analysis results of the tunnel curve section, which helps to realize the construction management of the tunnel curve section through Internet cloud control and improve the level of intelligence in the construction management of the tunnel curve section. Attached image description: For ease of explanation, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of a method for constructing curved sections of a mined tunnel based on Internet of Things monitoring, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is an overall structural topology diagram of a tunnel curve construction system based on the Internet of Things-based monitoring method for the construction of curved sections of mined tunnels according to the present invention. Detailed implementation method: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the specific implementation adopts the following technical solution: A construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring includes the following specific steps: S1. Construct the tunnel curve construction management system to collect the surrounding rock deformation, arch settlement and perimeter convergence during the construction of the curve section in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset deformation control threshold, a risk alarm signal is automatically generated, and the monitoring data is processed and stored. The sampling frequency for surrounding rock deformation and arch settlement is once per minute to once every 10 minutes. The preset deformation control threshold is determined according to the surrounding rock grade and burial depth of the tunnel curve section. The cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade II surrounding rock is 30-50mm, the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade III surrounding rock is 50-70mm, and the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade IV surrounding rock is 80-100mm. The deformation rate control threshold is uniformly set to 5mm / d. S2. Combining the tunnel design alignment parameters, the tunnel curve construction management system comprehensively analyzes the crown settlement trend, the surrounding convergence trend and the working face stability, and generates a construction safety status assessment report. When the assessment results exceed the limits, a three-level early warning notification is automatically generated according to the preset early warning mechanism. The three-level early warning mechanism includes: A yellow alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 70% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 80% of the control threshold, reminding the site to increase the monitoring frequency. An orange alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 85% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 90% of the control threshold, requiring a halt to excavation at the tunnel face and reinforcement of support. A red alert is triggered when the deformation rate or the cumulative deformation exceeds the control threshold, requiring the immediate evacuation of personnel and the activation of the emergency plan. The early warning notification can be sent via at least two of the following methods: SMS, mobile application, and pop-up notification on the control platform. The content of the early warning notification includes the early warning level, trigger time, name of the indicator exceeding the limit, current monitoring value, and control threshold. For orange and above early warning notifications, on-site management personnel are required to confirm and reply within 5 minutes of receiving the notification. If no confirmation is received within the time limit, the notification will be automatically upgraded to the next higher level. S3. The tunnel curve construction management system monitors the distribution and operation status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the Internet of Things communication network in real time. When an abnormality or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warning and communication link switching. At the same time, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel in the tunnel and the management platform to realize the push of early warning information and emergency response guidance. The frequency of collecting the operating parameters of the on-site equipment is once every 10 seconds to once every 30 seconds. The triggering conditions for equipment fault warning include the tunneling machine cutterhead torque exceeding 120% of the rated torque, the shield tail grouting pressure exceeding ±15% of the design grouting pressure range, and the ventilation equipment air volume being lower than 80% of the design air volume. When the communication interruption time exceeds 30 seconds, it will automatically switch to the backup communication link and trigger a communication abnormality alarm.

[0019] The tunnel curve construction management system includes a tunnel curve data acquisition module, an analysis and early warning terminal, and a construction real-time monitoring module. The output end of the tunnel curve data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the input end of the analysis and early warning terminal, and the analysis and early warning terminal is bidirectionally communicatively connected to the construction real-time monitoring module.

[0020] The tunnel curve data acquisition module includes a tunnel curve data acquisition unit, a risk control unit, and a tunnel curve data processing unit. The risk control unit is integrated inside the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, and the output of the tunnel curve data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the input of the tunnel curve data processing unit. The tunnel curve data acquisition unit is used to collect data in real time on the surrounding rock deformation, over-excavation and under-excavation data, arch settlement, and perimeter convergence during the excavation process of the curve section using laser rangefinders, total stations, and tilt sensors deployed on the arch crown, sidewalls, and working face of the tunnel curve section. The risk control unit is used to receive real-time monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, compare the actual deformation with a preset deformation control threshold, and automatically generate a risk alarm signal when the deformation rate or cumulative deformation exceeds the reserved deformation control value, and determine the risk level of the centerline deviation and excavation outline deviation of the curve section. The tunnel curve data processing unit is used to clean, standardize, and classify the monitoring data and alarm information, and send the processed integrated monitoring data to the analysis and early warning terminal.

[0021] The analysis and early warning terminal includes a construction data analysis unit, an early warning unit, and a control platform. The output of the construction data analysis unit is communicatively connected to the input of the early warning unit, and the output of the early warning unit is communicatively connected to the input of the control platform. The construction data analysis unit receives integrated monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data processing unit, and, in conjunction with tunnel design alignment parameters and geological forecast information, comprehensively analyzes the crown settlement trend, periphery convergence trend, and face stability during the construction of the curve section, generating a construction safety status assessment report. The early warning unit receives the safety status assessment results output by the construction data analysis unit. When the analysis results show that the deformation rate exceeds the limit, the support structure is under abnormal stress, or the centerline deviation exceeds the allowable range, it automatically generates an early warning notification of the corresponding level according to the preset three-level early warning mechanism and sends the early warning information to the control platform and the mobile terminal of the on-site management personnel. The control platform centrally displays real-time monitoring data, safety assessment results, and early warning information for the construction of the curved section of the mined tunnel, provides a visual human-computer interaction interface, and supports management personnel to remotely view the construction progress, retrieve historical data, and issue construction adjustment instructions.

[0022] The construction real-time monitoring module includes a site monitoring unit, an equipment real-time monitoring unit, and a network-related data monitoring unit. Both the site monitoring unit and the equipment real-time monitoring unit are bidirectionally connected to the network-related data monitoring unit. The site monitoring unit uses industrial cameras and infrared sensors deployed inside and at the entrance of the tunnel's curved section to collect real-time image data on personnel distribution, excavation status, and support construction progress. This data is used to locate and track construction personnel and identify boundary violations into dangerous areas. The equipment real-time monitoring unit monitors and processes real-time data on the operation of on-site equipment during the construction of the curved section of the tunnel. This on-site equipment includes tunneling machines, muck transport vehicles, ventilation equipment, grouting equipment, and PLC controllers. It automatically generates equipment fault warnings when equipment operating parameters deviate from preset normal ranges. The network-related data monitoring unit monitors the signal strength, data transmission rate, and node online status of the IoT communication network at the tunnel construction site in real-time. When a communication interruption or data packet loss rate exceeds a set threshold, it automatically switches to a backup communication link and records data cache information during the network outage.

[0023] The tunnel curve construction management system also includes a field communication module, which is used to establish a two-way voice and text communication channel between construction personnel inside the tunnel curve section and the control platform. When the analysis and early warning terminal issues an early warning signal, it automatically pushes the early warning information and corresponding emergency response measures to the mobile terminals of the construction personnel on site, and automatically triggers the emergency plan reporting procedure if the early warning is not confirmed in time.

[0024] Example 1 (Construction monitoring of a curved section of a subway tunnel) System Configuration Tunnel type: Double-track single-bore underground subway tunnel with a curve radius of 450m; Rock mass classification: Primarily Class III rock mass, with some areas classified as Class IV; Spacing between measuring points on the arch: One laser rangefinder is installed every 5 meters; Peripheral convergence measurement points: One set of convergence measurement lines is set up every 10m; Working face monitoring: The total station automatically scans once every 2 hours; Communication method: main link Wi-Fi 6 Mesh networking, backup link 4G / 5G; Deformation control thresholds: Level III cumulative settlement 55mm, Level IV cumulative settlement 90mm; Warning push methods: SMS, control platform pop-up, mobile terminal App push; Implementation data: This system was deployed in the tunnel section of Phase I of Metro Line 6 in a certain city. The construction length of the curved section is about 180m, the burial depth is 15 to 22m, and the average daily excavation advance is 1.5m.

[0025] Table 1: System Operation and Construction Safety Monitoring Data for Example 1

[0026] Specific implementation case: On April 12, 2025, when the construction of the curved section reached mileage K12+385, a local Class IV fractured rock zone was exposed at the working face.

[0027] Work process: 08:00:00: The tunnel curve construction management system started normal monitoring and data collection at the set frequency. The cumulative settlement of the arch crown settlement measuring point S38 (located at K12+383) in the previous 24 hours was 31mm, and the deformation rate was 2.8mm / d, which is within the yellow warning threshold range. The system maintains the yellow warning status, and the monitoring frequency on site has been increased from every 5 minutes to every 2 minutes as required by the warning.

[0028] 10:15:00: The system detected that the deformation rate of measuring point S38 suddenly increased to 4.8 mm / d, and the cumulative settlement reached 48 mm, triggering the orange warning condition (the cumulative control threshold of Class III surrounding rock is 55 mm × 90% = 49.5 mm, and the rate is 5 mm / d × 85% = 4.25 mm / d). The system simultaneously pushed orange warning notifications via SMS and App.

[0029] 10:17:00: After receiving the notification, the on-site management personnel shall complete the confirmation reply within 2 minutes. The system will automatically push the pause excavation instruction to the mobile terminal of the construction personnel at the working face, and at the same time notify the support team to prepare reinforcement support materials.

[0030] 10:20:00: The on-site monitoring unit screen shows that all workers at the working face have been evacuated to a safe area. The equipment real-time monitoring unit detects that the cement slurry flow rate of the grouting equipment has dropped to 70% of the design value, triggering an equipment fault warning.

[0031] 10:22:00: The system detected that the accelerated deformation of the surrounding rock and the grouting equipment failure overlapped in time and space. It automatically maintained the warning level in orange and indicated that the equipment failure may lead to a delay in support.

[0032] 10:35:00: The grouting equipment malfunction was resolved, and reinforcement work began. In the following two hours, the settlement rate dropped to 1.5 mm / d, and the cumulative settlement stabilized at 52 mm.

[0033] 16:00:00: The construction data analysis unit generates a complete report on this event: the orange alert response time was 2 minutes, the equipment fault location and troubleshooting took 15 minutes, the deformation was effectively controlled after the support was strengthened, and construction returned to normal. This alert response avoided the risk of surrounding rock instability that might have been caused by the delay in support.

[0034] Example 2 (New Austrian Tunneling Method Construction Monitoring of a Curved Section of a Mountain Highway Tunnel) System Configuration Tunnel type: Single-bore, two-lane highway tunnel with a curve radius of 350m; Rock mass classification: mainly Class II rock mass, with Class IV rock mass at the tunnel entrance and exit sections; Spacing between measuring points on the arch: One laser rangefinder is installed every 8 meters; Peripheral convergence measurement points: One set of convergence measurement lines is set up every 15m; Working face monitoring: The total station automatically scans once every 3 hours; Communication method: main link fiber optic ring network, backup link LoRa wireless; Deformation control thresholds: Level II cumulative settlement 40mm, Level IV cumulative settlement 85mm; Warning push methods: SMS, control platform pop-up; Implementation data: This system was deployed at the exit curve of a highway tunnel in a mountainous area. The curve is about 120m long and 8 to 30m deep, with an average daily excavation advance of 2.0m.

[0035] Table 2: System Operation and Construction Safety Monitoring Data for Example 2

[0036] Specific implementation case: On July 22, 2025, the construction of the curved section reached the tunnel exit mileage K58+210, and it had entered the shallow buried section of Class IV surrounding rock, with the surface being colluvial soil layer.

[0037] Work process: 14:00:00: The system detected that three continuous arch settlement measuring points (S12, S13, S14) in the exit section simultaneously showed an accelerated settlement trend, with deformation rates reaching 3.2mm / d, 3.5mm / d, and 3.0mm / d respectively. All of them were in the yellow warning zone. The system automatically correlated and analyzed the three measuring points and identified them as regional deformation anomalies.

[0038] 14:30:00: The real-time monitoring unit of the equipment recorded fluctuations in the power supply current of the ventilation equipment. The speed of an axial flow fan in the tunnel dropped to 85% of the rated value, triggering an equipment abnormality warning. The system indicated that the decrease in fan efficiency may lead to an increase in dust concentration at the working face, affecting the measurement accuracy of the sensors.

[0039] 15:00:00: The deformation rate at measuring point S13 climbed to 4.5 mm / d, with a cumulative settlement of 34 mm, triggering an orange alert. Simultaneously, total station scans showed a tunnel floor uplift of 12 mm, and the relative deformation after combining with the arch settlement significantly increased. The system comprehensively determined this to be bidirectional deformation of both the tunnel floor and the arch, issuing an orange alert and sending a notification to suspend excavation and inspect the invert arch closure.

[0040] 15:05:00: On-site management personnel confirmed the warning and organized the evacuation of the workers at the tunnel face. Upon inspection, it was found that the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel was not properly sealed due to equipment failure during the previous construction cycle, which caused the concrete to be poured in a loose manner and the invert arch to bulge at the bottom of the tunnel.

[0041] 15:30:00: The reinforcement work on the invert arch begins, and emergency reinforcement is carried out by adding anchor bolts and thickening the shotcrete layer.

[0042] 19:00:00: After the reinforcement was completed, subsequent monitoring showed that the deformation rate dropped to below 0.8 mm / d, the tunnel bottom heave stopped developing, and the construction data analysis unit classified this event as a typical case of untimely arch closure and the combined effect of Class IV shallow buried surrounding rock, and included it in the historical training dataset of the early warning model.

[0043] Specifically, in practical applications, multiple tunnel curve data acquisition modules are used in conjunction with an analysis and early warning terminal, a real-time construction monitoring module, and a site communication module. These modules are located in different geographical locations. By configuring these modules, a comprehensive tunnel curve construction management system is constructed. This system collects real-time data on surrounding rock deformation, crown settlement, and perimeter convergence during the construction of the curve segment. When the monitored data exceeds a preset deformation control threshold, a risk alarm signal is automatically generated, and the monitored data is processed and stored. By combining the tunnel design alignment parameters, the tunnel curve construction management system monitors crown settlement trends, perimeter convergence trends, and... A comprehensive analysis of the tunnel face stability is conducted to generate a construction safety status assessment report. When the assessment results exceed the limits, a three-level early warning notification is automatically generated according to the preset early warning mechanism. The tunnel curve construction management system monitors the distribution and operation status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the Internet of Things communication network in real time. When an anomaly or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warnings and communication link switching. At the same time, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel in the tunnel and the management platform to realize the push of early warning information and emergency response guidance. It manages, visualizes, and stores the construction data and corresponding analysis results of the tunnel curve section, which helps to realize the construction management of the tunnel curve section through Internet cloud control and improve the level of intelligence of the construction management of the tunnel curve section. The real-time equipment monitoring unit continuously collects key parameters such as the tunnel boring machine cutterhead torque, tail grouting pressure, and ventilation equipment airflow. When the cutterhead torque exceeds 120% of the rated value, the grouting pressure deviates from the design range by ±15%, or the ventilation airflow is lower than 80% of the design value, the system automatically generates an equipment fault warning and pushes it to the control platform. A linkage is established between the equipment fault warning and the deformation monitoring warning. If equipment abnormalities and accelerated surrounding rock deformation occur simultaneously in the same time and area, the system automatically triggers an orange or higher warning, indicating that the equipment fault may lead to untimely support and cause surrounding rock instability. Industrial cameras and infrared sensors deployed inside the tunnel enable real-time positioning of construction personnel and identification of dangerous area incursions. After a warning signal is triggered, the on-site communication module automatically pushes emergency response guidelines, including the warning level, dangerous area range, and evacuation route, to all construction personnel inside the tunnel. The control platform maintains communication with personnel inside the tunnel through two-way voice and text communication channels. Management personnel can remotely issue construction adjustment instructions, and on-site personnel can report the progress of emergency response in real time, achieving closed-loop management of warning, response, handling, and review.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, equipment, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0046] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or equipment, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0047] The modules used for tunnel curve data acquisition, analysis and early warning, real-time construction monitoring, and on-site communication may or may not be physically separate. The components displayed as modules may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment based on actual needs.

[0048] It should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is obviously not limited to the above embodiments, with many similar variations. All modifications that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: S1. Construct the tunnel curve construction management system to collect the surrounding rock deformation, arch settlement and perimeter convergence during the construction of the curve section in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset deformation control threshold, a risk alarm signal is automatically generated, and the monitoring data is processed and stored. S2. Combining the tunnel design alignment parameters, the tunnel curve construction management system comprehensively analyzes the crown settlement trend and the surrounding convergence trend, generates a construction safety status assessment report, and automatically generates a three-level early warning notification according to the preset early warning mechanism when the assessment results exceed the limit. S3. The tunnel curve construction management system monitors the distribution and operation status of personnel at the construction site, the operating parameters of construction equipment, and the status of the Internet of Things communication network in real time. When an abnormality or communication interruption occurs, it automatically executes fault warning and communication link switching. At the same time, it establishes a two-way communication channel between the construction personnel in the tunnel and the management platform to realize the push of early warning information and emergency response guidance.

2. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the collection frequency of surrounding rock deformation and arch settlement is once per minute to once every 10 minutes. The preset deformation control threshold is determined according to the surrounding rock grade and burial depth of the tunnel curve section. The cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade II surrounding rock is 30-50mm, the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade III surrounding rock is 50-70mm, and the cumulative settlement control threshold for Grade IV surrounding rock is 80-100mm. The deformation rate control threshold is uniformly set to 5mm / d.

3. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-level early warning mechanism in step S2 includes: A yellow alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 70% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 80% of the control threshold, reminding the site to increase the monitoring frequency. An orange alert is triggered when the deformation rate reaches 85% of the control threshold or the cumulative deformation reaches 90% of the control threshold, requiring a halt to excavation at the tunnel face and reinforcement of support. A red alert is triggered when the deformation rate or the cumulative deformation exceeds the control threshold, requiring the immediate evacuation of personnel and the activation of the emergency response plan.

4. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The early warning notification in step S2 can be sent via at least two of the following methods: SMS push, mobile terminal application push, and control platform pop-up push. The early warning notification content includes the early warning level, trigger time, name of the over-limit indicator, current monitoring value, and control threshold. Orange and above early warning notifications require on-site management personnel to confirm and reply within 5 minutes of receipt. If no confirmation is received within the time limit, the notification will be automatically upgraded to the next higher level.

5. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the frequency of collecting the operating parameters of the field equipment is once every 10 seconds to once every 30 seconds. The triggering conditions for equipment fault warning include the tunneling machine cutterhead torque exceeding 120% of the rated torque, the shield tail grouting pressure exceeding ±15% of the designed grouting pressure range, and the ventilation equipment air volume being lower than 80% of the designed air volume. When the communication interruption time exceeds 30 seconds, it automatically switches to the backup communication link and triggers a communication abnormality alarm.

6. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel curve construction management system includes a tunnel curve data acquisition module, an analysis and early warning terminal, and a construction real-time monitoring module. The output end of the tunnel curve data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the input end of the analysis and early warning terminal, and the analysis and early warning terminal is bidirectionally communicatively connected to the construction real-time monitoring module.

7. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel curve data acquisition module includes a tunnel curve data acquisition unit, a risk control unit, and a tunnel curve data processing unit. The risk control unit is integrated inside the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, and the output end of the tunnel curve data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the tunnel curve data processing unit. The tunnel curve data acquisition unit is used to collect data on surrounding rock deformation, over-excavation and under-excavation, crown settlement and perimeter convergence in real time during the excavation of the curved section by using laser rangefinders, total stations and tilt sensors deployed on the arch crown, sidewalls and working face of the tunnel curve section. The risk control unit is used to receive real-time monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data acquisition unit, compare the actual deformation amount with the preset deformation control threshold, and automatically generate a risk alarm signal when the deformation rate or cumulative deformation amount exceeds the reserved deformation amount control value. The tunnel curve data processing unit is used to clean, standardize, and classify monitoring data and alarm information.

8. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The analysis and early warning terminal includes a construction data analysis unit, an early warning unit, and a control platform. The output end of the construction data analysis unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the early warning unit, and the output end of the early warning unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control platform. The construction data analysis unit is used to receive integrated monitoring data sent by the tunnel curve data processing unit, and, in combination with the tunnel design alignment parameters and geological forecast information, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the crown settlement trend, peripheral convergence trend and tunnel face stability during the construction of the curve section. The early warning unit is used to receive the safety status assessment results output by the construction data analysis unit. When the analysis results show that the deformation rate exceeds the limit, the support structure is under abnormal stress, or the centerline deviation exceeds the allowable range, the unit automatically generates an early warning notification of the corresponding level according to the preset three-level early warning mechanism and sends the early warning information to the control platform and the mobile terminal of the on-site management personnel. The control platform is used to centrally display real-time monitoring data, safety assessment results, and early warning information for the construction of curved sections of mined tunnels, and provides a visual human-computer interaction interface.

9. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that: The construction real-time monitoring module includes a site monitoring unit, an equipment real-time monitoring unit, and a network-related data monitoring unit. The site monitoring unit and the equipment real-time monitoring unit are bidirectionally connected to the network-related data monitoring unit. The on-site monitoring unit is used to collect real-time image data of personnel distribution, excavation status and support construction progress at the construction site through industrial cameras and infrared sensors deployed inside and at the entrance of the tunnel's curved section. The real-time equipment monitoring unit is used to monitor and process the on-site equipment installation and operation data in real time during the construction of curved sections of mined tunnels. The on-site equipment includes tunneling machines, muck transport vehicles, ventilation equipment, grouting equipment, and PLC controllers. The network-related data monitoring unit is used to monitor the signal strength, data transmission rate, and node online status of the IoT communication network at the tunnel construction site in real time.

10. The construction method for curved sections of mined tunnels based on Internet of Things monitoring according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tunnel curve construction management system also includes a field communication module, which is used to establish a two-way voice and text communication channel between construction personnel inside the tunnel curve section and the control platform, and automatically push early warning information and corresponding emergency response measures to the mobile terminals of on-site construction personnel.

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