A method for controlling a fall-preventing air inlet by using airflow of an air duct to generate electricity and a system thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes self-generated electricity from airflow in ducts. An energy harvesting module installed in a static pressure box or duct throat behind the vent captures the kinetic energy of the HVAC system and converts it into electrical energy. After modulation and processing by a power management circuit, the electrical energy is stored in a hybrid energy storage unit, continuously providing power to the overall control nodes of the equipment. While the control nodes are energized, a multi-source heterogeneous sensor array collects real-time data on the triaxial vibration acceleration, instantaneous strain, and spatial deflection attitude of the vent frame structure, constructing a time-series dataset of the vent structure's health status. This invention relies on duct wind energy micro-energy harvesting technology to enable the equipment to operate independently without an external power source throughout its entire lifecycle. It eliminates the need for wiring and frequent battery replacements, removes the risks associated with high-altitude maintenance, significantly reduces building safety maintenance costs, and achieves a one-time installation and lifelong autonomous control effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of safety monitoring of HVAC systems, intelligent building safety protection, and Internet of Things edge computing technology, specifically to a method and system for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in ducts. Background Technology

[0002] In modern large-scale commercial complexes, airport terminals, high-speed rail stations, stadiums, and high-standard cleanroom industrial plants, large-space central air conditioning systems are typically used for air supply and return. To meet the demands of large air volumes and for architectural aesthetics, these spaces often have enormous, heavy metal diffusers, spherical nozzles, or giant louvered air vents installed on the ceiling or high side walls, typically at heights ranging from five to twenty meters above the ground.

[0003] As buildings age, these high-altitude air vents face serious safety hazards: on the one hand, during long-term operation, the vibration of the air conditioning fan is continuously transmitted along the duct to the end of the vent; on the other hand, the vents are directly subjected to the temperature shocks of alternating hot and cold air, as well as the dynamic wind pressure and aerodynamic forces generated by the high-speed airflow during air delivery. Under the continuous action of these long-term alternating stresses, the self-tapping screws, rivets, or hanger connections of the vent frames are prone to metal fatigue, loosening of threads, or even corrosion and breakage. In recent years, there have been numerous serious accidents involving high-altitude air vents in shopping malls or public buildings suddenly falling and injuring pedestrians or damaging equipment.

[0004] Existing fall protection technologies for high-altitude vents suffer from significant technical bottlenecks and engineering defects: traditional fall protection measures rely solely on adding fall arresting steel cables, which are purely passive protective structures. These cables are constantly exposed to a humid and condensing environment, posing a risk of corrosion and breakage. Furthermore, they only provide temporary cushioning during the instant of a full fall from the vent, failing to mitigate the risk at its source. The immense impact of a fall can still break the rope and damage the supporting structure, resulting in extremely poor protective effectiveness.

[0005] Meanwhile, intelligent monitoring equipment faces challenges in power supply and cabling. Deploying sensors at numerous high-altitude vents for health monitoring requires laying municipal power lines, which is difficult and costly due to the high-altitude cabling construction. If traditional lithium batteries are used for power supply, the equipment consumes a lot of power during long-term operation, requiring frequent battery replacements at heights, which poses significant risks for high-altitude operations and results in extremely high maintenance costs, making it completely unsuitable for engineering promotion.

[0006] In addition, existing intelligent monitoring solutions lack the ability to intervene physically. A few buildings have attempted to monitor the vibration status of air vents through sensors, but this can only achieve fault alarms. During the time gap between the alarm and the arrival of maintenance personnel, loose air vents may still fall due to wind pressure and vibration. The equipment lacks autonomous self-rescue and rigid protection capabilities, and cannot form a safety closed loop. Therefore, a method and system for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in the duct is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes airflow to generate electricity, thereby completely solving one of the technical problems of existing high-altitude air vents that cannot achieve passive, maintenance-free monitoring throughout their entire life cycle, cannot predict potential structural loosening hazards in advance, and lack active rigid locking intervention in fault conditions.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in a duct, the core implementation steps of which are as follows: By installing an energy harvesting module in the static pressure box behind the air outlet or at the throat of the air duct, the kinetic energy of the air generated by the operation of the HVAC system is captured and converted into electrical energy. After being regulated, rectified and regulated by the power management circuit, it is stored in the hybrid energy storage unit, providing a continuous and stable power supply for the entire air outlet anti-fall control equipment, realizing completely self-powered operation.

[0009] After the equipment is powered on, it relies on a multi-source heterogeneous sensor array arranged at the stress points of the air outlet frame, hinges, and suspension rods to collect core data such as the triaxial vibration acceleration, instantaneous structural strain, and three-dimensional spatial deflection attitude of the air outlet frame around the clock. The data is continuously collected and stored to form a time-series dataset that can completely reflect the health status of the air outlet structure.

[0010] Frequency domain analysis and feature decomposition are performed on the collected raw time series data to screen out the core feature data that can accurately correspond to the loosening of fasteners and the fatigue of metal structures. Through the preset structural anomaly detection algorithm, the initial health benchmark state of the equipment is compared to quantitatively assess the degree of aging and degradation of the air outlet connection structure and accurately calculate the real-time probability of fall risk.

[0011] The system compares the probability of fall risk with the dynamic safety threshold in real time. When the risk value reaches or exceeds the critical safety standard, the system immediately generates a fall prevention trigger command and calls on the instantaneous high current energy stored in the hybrid energy storage unit to provide power support for the action of the physical locking mechanism.

[0012] The system responds to trigger commands to drive the bistable electromagnetic locking mechanism, rigidly anchoring the loose air vent panel to the building's main load-bearing keel, thus eliminating the risk of falling. At the same time, it transmits an early warning message containing the device number, installation coordinates, and fault level to the remote building automation platform via a low-power wireless communication module, reminding maintenance personnel to perform timely repairs.

[0013] In terms of energy self-sufficiency, this invention abandons traditional wired power supply and conventional chemical battery power supply modes, and utilizes waste wind energy from air conditioning ducts to achieve self-generated power. Under conditions of low wind speed in the ducts, relying on the frictionless ultra-low starting resistance characteristics of magnetic levitation bearings, it can still stably capture air kinetic energy. Combined with maximum power point tracking technology to optimize power generation efficiency, and through a hybrid energy storage mode of supercapacitors and lithium batteries, it takes into account both instantaneous high current output and long-term energy storage needs, achieving maintenance-free passive operation with the same lifespan as the equipment and the building.

[0014] In terms of hazard assessment, this invention abandons the simplistic identification method of relying on a single vibration threshold, effectively avoiding false alarms caused by external environmental vibrations. By extracting multi-dimensional features such as high-frequency harmonics, envelope entropy, and structural tilt drift in the vibration frequency domain, and combining them with the multi-dimensional correlation characteristics of equipment health benchmark data, it accurately captures early hidden faults such as minor screw loosening and metal micro-fatigue. This allows for prediction of fall risk weeks in advance of structural damage, enabling early warning and prevention.

[0015] In terms of anti-interference optimization, in response to the problem that the base excitation energy increases and is prone to misjudgment under the condition of large air volume air supply of air conditioner, the present invention calculates the real-time wind speed and wind pressure in reverse by power generation, dynamically corrects the safety judgment threshold, and adaptively matches the judgment criteria of different air supply conditions, which greatly improves the recognition accuracy and stability of the system under complex conditions.

[0016] At the physical protection level, this invention innovatively adopts a bistable electromagnetic lock structure, completely solving the defects of traditional electromagnetic locks that consume energy continuously when powered on and fail when powered off. Both the normal monitoring and locking protection states of the equipment achieve zero power consumption, consuming only a momentary burst of power at the moment of fault triggering. This perfectly adapts to the operating characteristics of a self-powered system, and after triggering, it can achieve irreversible rigid locking, completely locking the air vent structure and preventing falls.

[0017] Secondly, this invention provides a fall-prevention air vent control system that utilizes airflow in a duct to generate its own power. This system comprises six core functional modules, which work together to achieve a fully closed-loop prevention and control function encompassing energy self-sufficiency, intelligent sensing, precise judgment, rigid protection, and remote early warning. The duct energy capture module is responsible for collecting the kinetic energy of the airflow in the duct and converting it into electrical energy, providing an energy source for the entire system; the hybrid energy storage and power management module is responsible for optimizing and modulating electrical energy, distributing energy storage, and stabilizing power supply to ensure stable operation and instantaneous high current output of the equipment; the multi-source structural sensing module is responsible for collecting vibration, deformation, and attitude data of the duct structure from all directions; the edge computing and diagnostic module is responsible for data parsing, feature extraction, and risk assessment; the bistable hard-core locking module is responsible for rigid physical protection under fault conditions; and the IoT communication module is responsible for remote data uploading and fault early warning push.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a processor, a memory and a communication interface. The memory stores a dedicated control program, and after the processor runs the program, it can automatically execute all the fall prevention control processes of the present invention.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing an optimized fall protection control program. After the device reads and runs the program, it can fully realize all the functions of the present invention, including passive power generation, structural monitoring, risk assessment, rigid locking, and remote early warning.

[0020] Beneficial effects of this invention: 1. This invention relies on wind duct micro-energy harvesting technology to enable the equipment to operate independently without an external power source throughout its entire life cycle. It eliminates the need for wiring and frequent battery replacements, removes the risks of high-altitude maintenance operations, significantly reduces building security maintenance costs, and achieves the engineering effect of one-time installation and lifelong autonomous control.

[0021] 2. This invention breaks through the limitations of traditional passive fall protection structures. Through multi-dimensional sensing and high-order feature algorithm analysis, it accurately identifies hidden faults such as early loosening of the vent structure and metal fatigue, and predicts the risk of falling in advance. It moves the safety control point from after the accident to the budding stage of the hidden danger, and avoids high-altitude fall accidents from the root.

[0022] 3. The invention features an innovative bistable electromagnetic lock structure that achieves zero power consumption maintenance. It relies on the instantaneous electrical energy of the energy storage unit to complete the fault locking action. After triggering, it forms an irreversible rigid anchor. Even if the original connecting parts of the air vent are completely broken, the air vent panel can still be firmly fixed. At the same time, it is equipped with a remote early warning function to achieve dual safety protection of autonomous self-rescue and remote alarm.

[0023] 4. This invention effectively adapts to complex working conditions such as dusty, humid, and drastically fluctuating air pressure ducts through dynamic wind pressure threshold compensation, anti-dust and waterproof condensation structure, and dual fault-tolerant design of active electromagnetic lock and passive mechanical lock. It eliminates false alarms, missed alarms, and protection failures, and the equipment has extremely strong operational stability and engineering robustness. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a fall-prevention air vent that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in a duct, according to the present invention. Figure 2This is a block diagram of the fall-prevention air vent control system that utilizes airflow in a duct to generate electricity, as per the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a fall-prevention air vent that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in a duct, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a method for controlling fall-prevention air vents that utilizes self-generated power from airflow in a duct. Deployed within a highly integrated microcontroller and hardware logic circuit, it is adaptable to safety control scenarios for central air conditioning vents in various large buildings. The specific execution steps are as follows: S1, Airflow kinetic energy capture and hybrid energy storage power supply Large air conditioning outlets offer stable airflow speeds within a typical range, providing continuous and stable airflow energy. This step involves embedding an ultra-lightweight carbon fiber micro-fan behind the diffuser. The fan shaft utilizes a permanent magnet repulsion magnetic levitation support structure, completely eliminating the mechanical friction resistance of traditional bearings, enabling low-wind start-up and adapting to low-speed air conditioning operation.

[0029] The mixed AC power generated by the micro generator is converted into DC power through an impedance matching circuit and a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and then the voltage is regulated by a step-up / step-down chopper circuit. The system monitors changes in power generation in real time, dynamically adjusts the circuit duty cycle, and always locks in the maximum power output state to maximize the utilization of wind energy in the duct.

[0030] The electrical energy adopts a tiered energy storage mode, prioritizing storage in supercapacitors. Utilizing the supercapacitors' ability to discharge large currents instantaneously, energy is reserved for emergency actions of the locking mechanism. Once the supercapacitors are fully charged, excess electrical energy is stored in low-self-discharge lithium batteries via trickle charging, serving as backup power for long-term equipment hibernation and low-power communication, achieving all-weather self-sufficiency in power supply.

[0031] S2. Adaptive Multi-Source Data Acquisition and Health Dataset Construction This system adopts an ultra-low power adaptive acquisition strategy. Under normal conditions, only the piezoelectric vibration wake-up switch with a power consumption of nanoamperes is kept running, and the entire device is in a deep sleep state to minimize energy consumption.

[0032] When the energy harvesting module detects that the duct is continuously supplying air and the energy storage capacity meets the operating threshold, the system automatically wakes up the sensor array and enters a periodic low-power sampling mode to periodically collect data on the vibration, attitude, and strain of the vent structure.

[0033] When the piezoelectric vibration switch detects transient impact signals such as air vent impact or loose and broken screws, it forcibly wakes up the main control chip through hardware interruption, switches to high-frequency continuous sampling mode, and collects three-axis vibration waveforms, three-dimensional tilt offset, and structural stress deformation data at a high sampling rate of 2 kilohertz to build a complete structural health time series dataset and accurately capture the precursor features of a fall.

[0034] S3. Multidimensional Feature Analysis and Precise Assessment of Fall Risk The digital processing unit on the main control chip performs frequency domain conversion on the acquired time-domain vibration waveform, decomposing the original vibration data into multi-frequency band energy distribution data. When the fixing screws and rivets of the air vents become slightly loose, or fatigue cracks appear in the metal structure, the structural damping characteristics will change slightly. In the vibration frequency domain, there will be a surge in high-frequency harmonic energy outside the fixed frequency and abnormal fluctuations in envelope entropy, which can be used as the core basis for judging structural damage.

[0035] The system uses datasets collected under conditions of brand-new equipment installation and complete structural tightening as the health benchmark to calibrate standard characteristic parameters. Real-time collected multidimensional characteristic data is compared and correlated with the health benchmark data to comprehensively assess the degree of deviation in each dimension, quantify the structural loosening and damage index, and accurately identify early-stage latent damage.

[0036] To avoid misjudgments caused by air supply conditions, the system uses real-time power generation to infer duct wind speed and dynamic wind pressure, combined with preset correction parameters for equipment materials and structures, to dynamically adjust the safety risk threshold. Under high air volume and high wind pressure conditions, the judgment standard is automatically raised; under low wind speed and steady-state conditions, a conventional judgment threshold is used, ultimately outputting a precise fall risk probability from zero to 100%, ensuring the accuracy of risk assessment.

[0037] S4. Risk Threshold Determination and Emergency Power Dispatch The system compares the probability of fall risk with the dynamic safety threshold in real time. When the probability of risk reaches the high-risk threshold of 95%, or when an emergency situation such as unilateral subsidence of the vent or a sudden change in stress is detected, it immediately determines that there is an immediate risk of fall and generates a fall prevention trigger command. At the same time, it allocates the instantaneous high-current electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor to prepare power for the locking mechanism to operate.

[0038] S5, Rigid locking protection and remote fault early warning Upon receiving the trigger command, the control circuit activates the discharge loop. Within ten milliseconds, the supercapacitor outputs a large current pulse to the bistable electromagnetic lock coil, generating a transient canceling magnetic field that breaks the permanent magnet's adsorption and locking state. The armature is instantly ejected under the force of the mechanical spring, and the aerospace-grade locking tongue quickly cuts into the pre-reserved locking groove on the main keel, completing the rigid anchoring of the air vent panel to the load-bearing keel.

[0039] After the pulse current ends, the permanent magnet re-forms a closed magnetic circuit at the latch pop-out position, maintaining a deadlock state with zero power consumption. Even if all the original connectors of the air vent completely fail, the air vent can be firmly fixed, completely eliminating the risk of falling.

[0040] After the protective actions are completed, the system switches to a low-power emergency sleep mode, while maintaining the heartbeat operation of the communication module. Through low-power networks such as NB-IoT and LoRa, it uploads high-risk fault warnings with precise coordinates and device numbers to the building control platform, prompting maintenance personnel to arrive on-site for timely repairs, thus forming a complete safety closed loop of perception, analysis, self-rescue, and early warning. Example 2

[0041] This embodiment provides a fall-prevention air vent control system that utilizes airflow in a duct to generate its own power. The entire system is integrated into a small, waterproof, and explosion-proof control box. It can be directly installed on various existing central air conditioning vents without modifying the original equipment structure, exhibiting extremely high adaptability. The specific functions and optimized designs of each module are as follows: The wind duct energy capture module adopts a streamlined biomimetic duct structure to adapt to the airflow direction of the wind duct. The wind turbine blades adopt a special biomimetic shape and are coated with a superhydrophobic nano-coating, which can effectively resist the adhesion of condensate generated by air conditioning and prevent dynamic balance failure and jamming caused by dust accumulation and blade scaling. Combined with magnetic levitation frictionless bearings, it can achieve ultra-low wind speed start-up and ensure long-term maintenance-free stable power generation.

[0042] The multi-source structural sensing module and the edge computing diagnostic module are encapsulated in an IP67-rated waterproof aluminum alloy shell. The high thermal conductivity epoxy resin potting material can efficiently conduct structural vibration signals, while isolating the circuit from corrosion damage caused by the humid and dusty environment of the air duct, ensuring high-precision acquisition of sensors and stable operation of algorithms.

[0043] The bistable hard-core locking module adopts a dual fault-tolerant protection design. The core is a zero-power bistable electromagnetic lock, which is connected in parallel with a passive centrifugal mechanical anti-fall structure. Under extreme conditions, if the electromagnetic triggering mechanism fails, when the air vent falls and flips, the centrifugal counterweight will automatically throw out and engage with the tooth groove, completing the locking through a purely mechanical structure, forming a dual safety defense line that meets the highest level of security standards for large public buildings.

[0044] The IoT communication module supports multi-protocol adaptive switching and can automatically match the communication mode according to the building ceiling obstruction and signal strength to ensure the stable uploading of early warning data and health logs, and realize intelligent centralized management and control of building equipment.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any algorithm optimization, structural fine-tuning, device replacement, or other improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 3

[0046] This embodiment provides an electronic control device as the core control carrier of the present invention, adapted to harsh industrial operating environments. The device is equipped with a multi-core main control processor, high-speed memory, a high-precision signal conversion module, and an industrial communication interface. The memory stores all protection control programs and algorithm parameters. The device can quickly complete vibration data analysis, operating condition identification, damping parameter calculation, coordinate compensation calculation, and fatigue monitoring. Through the communication interface, it connects to the overall equipment control system and production management system, enabling the uploading of early warning data and remote control, and fully automatically executing all protection processes of the present invention.

[0047] For other details regarding the implementation techniques of each module in the above embodiments, please refer to the description of a fall-prevention air vent control method that utilizes airflow to generate electricity in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0048] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system-type embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. Example 4

[0049] like Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. It illustrates a structural schematic diagram suitable for implementing the electronic device in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, an electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a fall-prevention vent control method utilizing airflow to generate electricity, as described in the aforementioned embodiments of this disclosure. The electronic device can exchange data with other devices or systems through the communication interface.

[0051] The processor in the aforementioned electronic device serves as its core, responsible for executing the computer program stored in the memory to implement various functions of the paperless conference terminal's intelligent interaction method. The processor can employ a high-performance multi-core CPU or a dedicated chip to meet the demands of complex calculations and real-time processing. The memory stores the operating system, applications, data, and computer programs. In this embodiment, the memory stores the computer program implementing the paperless conference terminal's intelligent interaction method. The memory can be RAM, ROM, Flash memory, or other types of non-volatile memory. The communication interface connects the electronic device to other devices or networks, enabling data transmission and exchange. In this embodiment, the communication interface supports multiple communication protocols and interface standards, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, and Ethernet, to meet communication needs in different scenarios.

[0052] For a detailed description of this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Example 5

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the functions of the aforementioned anti-fall vent control method for generating electricity using airflow in a duct, as described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or portable hard drive), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM cartridge).

[0055] For a detailed description of this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. By using the energy harvesting module installed in the static pressure box or air duct throat behind the air outlet, the air kinetic energy of the HVAC system is captured and converted into electrical energy. After being modulated and processed by the power management circuit, it is stored in the hybrid energy storage unit to continuously provide working power for the overall control node of the equipment. S2. Under the energized working state of the control node, the triaxial vibration acceleration, instantaneous strain and spatial deflection attitude data of the air outlet frame structure are collected in real time through a multi-source heterogeneous sensor array to construct a time series dataset of the air outlet structure health status. S3. Perform frequency domain analysis and order analysis on the time series dataset, extract feature vectors to characterize the loosening of air outlet fasteners and metal fatigue damage, and calculate the loosening damage index and falling risk probability of the air outlet structure through a preset anomaly detection algorithm. S4. In real time, compare the probability of falling risk with the preset safety threshold. When the probability of falling risk is greater than or equal to the safety threshold, generate a fall prevention trigger command and retrieve the stored electrical energy from the hybrid energy storage unit. S5. In response to the fall protection trigger command, drive the physical locking mechanism located between the air vent panel and the load-bearing keel to perform the locking action, and rigidly anchor the air vent panel to the load-bearing keel; at the same time, send a fall protection early warning message carrying the air vent equipment identification and fault level to the remote building automation center through the wireless radio frequency module.

2. The method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Step S1 specifically includes: S101. A ducted wind turbine equipped with a magnetic levitation micro-bearing is used as the front-end energy harvesting structure of the energy harvesting module to reduce the wind turbine's starting wind speed resistance and convert the kinetic energy of the airflow in the duct into three-phase alternating current. S102. The three-phase AC power is converted into pulsating DC power through a full-bridge rectifier circuit and a step-up / step-down chopper circuit, and the maximum power point tracking algorithm is run to adjust the chopper duty cycle in real time so that the wind turbine power generation equipment is always in the maximum power output condition. S103. A hybrid energy storage unit consisting of a supercapacitor and a low self-discharge lithium battery connected in parallel is configured. The power management circuit prioritizes charging the supercapacitor to meet the transient high current pulse requirements for the action of the physical locking mechanism. When the supercapacitor reaches its saturation voltage, the excess energy is stored in the low self-discharge lithium battery through trickle charging mode.

3. The method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Step S3 specifically includes: S301. Perform windowed Fourier transform processing on the collected triaxial vibration acceleration data of the air outlet to analyze the power spectral density distribution characteristics in the frequency domain. S302. Extract two types of core feature parameters. The first core feature is the proportion of high-frequency harmonic energy and envelope entropy outside the inherent operating frequency of the HVAC equipment. The second core feature is the low-frequency drift angle of the air outlet spatial deflection attitude data relative to the initial reference installation surface. S303. Based on the normal vibration benchmark dataset of the air outlet collected during the initial installation of the equipment, the characteristic mean and covariance benchmark parameters of the equipment under the healthy state are calibrated. By comparing the multidimensional correlation deviation between the real-time characteristic data and the healthy benchmark data, the air outlet structural loosening damage index is quantitatively calculated. S304. Combines real-time air pressure and wind speed environmental parameters of the duct to dynamically correct the loosening damage index and normalizes the output of the 0-100% range of the duct drop risk probability.

4. The method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The dynamic correction logic for the fall risk probability in step S304 includes: S401. Pre-calibrate the nonlinear fluctuation law of the excitation energy of the air outlet base caused by the air velocity and dynamic wind pressure inside the air duct to avoid the risk of misjudgment caused by abnormal increase in vibration data under normal air supply conditions. S402. The real-time airflow velocity inside the duct is deduced by the instantaneous power generation of the energy harvesting module, and the corresponding wind pressure vibration compensation coefficient is matched in combination with the aerodynamic characteristics. S403: Based on the pre-set matching correction parameters according to the material and structural specifications of the air outlet, and combined with the real-time wind pressure value, the operating condition compensation coefficient is dynamically generated to correct the static safety critical threshold in real time and raise the risk judgment standard under high wind speed conditions.

5. The method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The motion control logic of the physical locking mechanism in step S5 includes: S501. A bistable electromagnetic lock is configured as the core structure of the physical locking mechanism. The bistable electromagnetic lock includes a permanent magnet, an excitation coil, and an armature assembly with a locking tongue. S502. Under normal monitoring conditions, the latch is kept in the retracted state by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, which does not affect the normal opening and closing of the air outlet and operation and maintenance, and the power consumption is kept to zero in steady state. S503. Upon receiving the fall protection trigger command, the control circuit turns on the supercapacitor and outputs a positive high-current pulse with a specific pulse width to the excitation coil. S504: The transient electromagnetic field generated by the positive high current pulse cancels the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, causing the armature to pop out instantaneously under the action of mechanical spring or electromagnetic force, locking the latch into the preset locking groove of the load-bearing keel, and completing the rigid dead lock of the air vent panel; after the pulse output ends, the permanent magnet re-forms a closed magnetic circuit at the latch pop-out position, maintaining the locked state.

6. The method for controlling fall-prevention air vents using self-generated power from airflow in a duct, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S2, the sensor array adopts an environment-adaptive sleep-wake acquisition strategy, specifically including: S201. The system is in deep sleep mode by default, with only the ultra-low power wake-up timer remaining in operation to reduce static power consumption. S202. When the energy harvesting module detects a continuous airflow in the duct and the power of the hybrid energy storage unit is higher than the minimum operating threshold of the system, it triggers the multi-source heterogeneous sensor array to enter the periodic sampling and monitoring mode. S203. When the low-power piezoelectric vibration switch of the sensor array detects an instantaneous physical impact exceeding the threshold, the main controller is forcibly woken up through a hardware interrupt and switched to high-frequency continuous sampling mode to capture high-frequency characteristic data of the precursor to the vent fall.

7. A fall-prevention air vent control system that utilizes airflow in a duct to generate electricity, characterized in that, The system, applied to the control method according to any one of claims 1-6, comprises: The wind duct energy capture module is configured to capture the kinetic energy of the airflow in the wind duct through a micro wind turbine and a power generation structure and convert it into electrical energy. The hybrid energy storage and power management module has a built-in buck-boost chopper circuit, supercapacitor and low self-discharge lithium battery, and is configured to run the maximum power point tracking algorithm to realize power modulation, energy storage distribution and multi-level voltage regulation. The multi-source structural sensing module, including a three-axis accelerometer, gyroscope and strain gauge, is deployed at the four corners of the air outlet frame and the hinge stress points, and is configured to collect the air outlet structure vibration, strain and attitude health parameters in real time. The edge computing and diagnostic module, mounted on the device's microcontroller, is configured to perform frequency domain analysis, feature extraction, and anomaly detection on the sensed data, and quantify the probability of the risk of falling from the vent. The bistable hard-core locking module is installed between the air vent movable panel and the building load-bearing structure. It includes a bistable electromagnetic lock and a backup mechanical locking ratchet, and is configured to receive control commands to execute physical locking actions. The IoT communication module is configured to upload vent structure health logs and fall prevention warning information to the remote monitoring center via LoRa, NB-IoT, or Bluetooth Low Energy protocols.

8. The fall-prevention air vent control system utilizing airflow to generate electricity in a duct as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The micro impeller of the air duct energy capture module adopts a dust-proof biomimetic blade structure, and the blade surface is coated with a superhydrophobic nano-coating to suppress the problem of blade dynamic balance failure caused by condensate and dust adhesion during air conditioning. The rotation shaft of the micro impeller is supported by a magnetic levitation micro bearing to eliminate the mechanical friction dead zone and achieve a micro-wind start-up of 0.5m / s. The bistable hard-core locking module integrates both an active electromagnetic triggering mechanism and a passive centrifugal anti-fall mechanical structure. When the air vent panel connector suddenly breaks and free-falls and flips, the counterweight of the passive centrifugal anti-fall mechanical structure overcomes the pre-tightening spring force under centrifugal acceleration and is thrown out, locking into the tooth groove of the fixed frame, forming redundant mechanical anti-fall protection.

9. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication interface, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the fall-prevention air vent control method according to any one of claims 1-6, which utilizes airflow in the duct to generate electricity.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the fall-prevention air vent control method according to any one of claims 1-6, which utilizes airflow in the duct to generate its own power.

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