Magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device with magnetic drive

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of electric machines and relates to a magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device with magnetic transmission. The magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device with magnetic transmission comprises, from bottom to top, a magnetic suspension flywheel, a magnetic coupling and an electric machine, wherein a rotor in the electric machine is suspended in a cavity of a machine shell through a magnetic suspension bearing assembly; a flywheel body in the magnetic suspension flywheel is suspended in a flywheel cavity of a flywheel shell through a radial magnetic bearing assembly and an axial magnetic bearing assembly; the magnetic coupling comprises a cover shell, a first magnet, a second magnet, a lower disc body and an upper disc body; the cover shell is internally provided with a first chamber and a second chamber; the first magnet is connected with the flywheel body through the lower disc body; the second magnet is connected with the rotor through the upper disc body; the second magnet is distributed on the outer periphery of the first magnet, and the two transmit torque through magnetic coupling. The magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, long service life and low maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of motor technology and relates to a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with magnetic drive. Background Technology

[0002] Flywheel energy storage, a mechanical energy storage technology, utilizes a motor to drive a flywheel at high speed, converting the motor's electrical energy into mechanical energy for temporary storage. When power is needed, the flywheel drives the motor to generate electricity, thus converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Due to its advantages such as fast charging and discharging rates, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness, flywheel energy storage is widely used in grid frequency regulation and renewable energy consumption scenarios.

[0003] In related technologies, traditional flywheel energy storage devices mainly use a physical component (such as a coupling) to rigidly connect the motor rotor and the flywheel to achieve energy transfer. However, this design has many drawbacks. For example, the rotating shaft system formed by the motor rotor and the flywheel is too long, resulting in a low system frequency and poor rotor dynamics, which limits the single-unit power and capacity of the flywheel energy storage device. In particular, when the device malfunctions, the entire device needs to be disassembled for maintenance, resulting in high maintenance costs and long maintenance cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings or improvement needs of the existing technology, this application provides a magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device, which aims to solve the problems of high maintenance cost and poor motor rotor dynamic performance of traditional flywheel energy storage devices.

[0005] This application provides a magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device, specifically comprising a magnetically levitation flywheel, a magnetic coupling, and a motor arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein: The motor includes a housing, a stator, a rotor, and a magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The housing has an inner cavity, the stator is fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the inner cavity, and the rotor is suspended at the center of the inner cavity by the magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The magnetic levitation flywheel includes a flywheel housing, a flywheel body, a radial magnetic bearing assembly, and an axial magnetic bearing assembly; the flywheel housing has a flywheel cavity, and the flywheel body is suspended at the center of the flywheel cavity by the radial magnetic bearing assembly and the axial magnetic bearing assembly; The magnetic coupling includes a housing, a first magnet, a second magnet, a lower plate, and an upper plate. The lower end of the housing is connected to the top of the flywheel housing, and the upper end of the housing is connected to the bottom of the casing. The housing contains a first chamber and a second chamber that are isolated from each other. The first magnet is detachably connected to the flywheel body via the lower plate. The first magnet and the lower plate are disposed in the first chamber and are both clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the first chamber. The second magnet is detachably connected to the rotor via the upper plate. The second magnet and the upper plate are disposed in the second chamber and are both clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the second chamber. The second magnet is distributed around the outer periphery of the first magnet, and the two transmit torque through magnetic coupling.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment, the magnetic levitation bearing assembly includes: A third magnet is fixed to the bottom of the rotor; A fourth magnet is fixed to the housing and / or the cover; the fourth magnet is located below the third magnet, and the opposing magnetic poles of the fourth magnet and the third magnet have the same polarity to form an axial repulsive force.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the housing includes an outer housing and an inner housing, wherein: The inner cover is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flywheel housing, and the two together form the first chamber; The outer cover is placed outside the inner cover, and the outer cover is fixedly connected to both the flywheel housing and the machine housing. The inner wall of the outer cover, the outer wall of the inner cover, and the flywheel housing together form a second chamber.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the lower disk body includes a lower disc and a lower annular portion. The lower disc is coaxial with and detachably connected to the flywheel body. The lower annular portion is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the lower disc. The first magnet is uniformly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the lower annular portion along the circumferential direction of the lower annular portion. The upper disk includes an upper disc and an upper annular portion. The upper disc is coaxial with the rotor and detachably connected. The upper annular portion is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the upper disc and extends downward. The second magnet is uniformly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the upper annular portion along the circumferential direction of the upper annular portion.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the first magnet includes a plurality of first permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced and connected to the outer peripheral surface of the lower annular portion along the circumferential direction of the lower annular portion to form an outer magnetic ring array. The second magnet includes a plurality of second permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the upper annular portion and connected to the inner circumferential surface of the upper annular portion to form an inner magnetic ring array.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the first chamber is connected to the flywheel chamber and together they form a vacuum-sealed chamber; And / or, the second chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the housing and together they form a non-vacuum chamber.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the axial magnetic bearing assembly includes an axial permanent magnet bearing and / or an axial electromagnetic bearing, wherein: The axial permanent magnet bearing is used to apply an upward permanent magnet repulsive force to the bottom of the flywheel body; The axial electromagnetic bearing is used to apply an upward electromagnetic attraction to the top of the flywheel body. The magnitude of this electromagnetic attraction can be adjusted by regulating the current flowing into the axial electromagnetic bearing.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the radial magnetic bearing assembly includes a radial permanent magnet bearing and / or a radial electromagnetic bearing, wherein: The radial permanent magnet bearing is fixed on the flywheel housing and distributed around the flywheel body. The radial permanent magnet bearing is used to provide a radial permanent magnet bias magnetic field. The radial electromagnetic bearings are fixed on the flywheel housing and distributed around the flywheel body. When current is passed through the radial electromagnetic bearings, they can generate a radial electromagnetic control magnetic field.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the radial permanent magnet bearing includes a plurality of radial permanent magnets, which are arranged in a ring array, and the ends of the plurality of radial permanent magnets facing the flywheel body have the same polarity. The radial electromagnetic bearing includes multiple radial electromagnetic coils arranged in a ring array, and the axis of each radial electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the axis of the flywheel housing. The multiple radial electromagnetic coils and multiple radial permanent magnets are alternately distributed in space along the circumferential direction.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the magnetic levitation flywheel also includes: A position sensor, which is installed inside the flywheel housing, is used to detect the real-time position of the flywheel body in order to generate radial position signals and axial position signals in real time. The controller is electrically connected to the position sensor, the radial magnetic bearing assembly, and the axial magnetic bearing assembly, and is used to adjust the radial magnetic bearing assembly and the axial magnetic bearing assembly in real time based on the radial position signal and the axial position signal, so as to dynamically correct the offset of the flywheel body.

[0015] In summary, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following main technical advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This application utilizes the synergistic operation of radial and axial magnetic bearing assemblies to achieve stable levitation of the flywheel body in a vacuum environment, thereby minimizing energy loss and significantly improving energy storage efficiency. Simultaneously, by levitizing the flywheel body carrying the first magnet and the magnetically levitated rotor carrying the second magnet, the two magnets in the magnetic coupling are arranged internally and externally and remain in a wear-free state. This internally and externally arranged, non-contact magnetic transmission design eliminates any contact between the motor rotor and the flywheel body, preventing excessively long hard-connected drive shafts. This significantly reduces system vibration and energy loss, effectively improving rotor dynamics (e.g., increasing the rotor's critical speed). This results in smoother system operation and extended service life. When maintenance is required, the motor and magnetic coupling can be directly disassembled. This design significantly improves maintenance convenience and system reliability, reduces maintenance costs, and greatly shortens maintenance cycles.

[0016] 2. Based on the unique housing structure and dual-magnetic suspension structure design of the magnetic coupling, not only is the motor and the magnetic levitation flywheel independent of each other, but the motor can also operate independently in the air, and the magnetic levitation flywheel can operate independently in a vacuum environment. This design avoids the problems of vacuum insulation breakdown and poor heat dissipation in the motor, and also avoids the problem of speed reduction of the flywheel body due to air friction, which has significant progressive significance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic coupling provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic levitation flywheel provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the radial magnetic bearing assembly provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the magnetic levitation flywheel provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the motor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8This is an exploded view of the magnetic coupling provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1. Magnetic levitation flywheel; 1-1. Flywheel housing; 1-2. Flywheel body; 1-3. Axial permanent magnet bearing; 1-3a. Lower permanent magnet; 1-3b. Upper permanent magnet; 1-3c. Lower support base; 1-3d. Upper support base; 1-4. Axial electromagnetic bearing; 1-4a. Upper support frame; 1-4b. Upper electromagnetic coil; 1-5. Radial electromagnetic bearing; 1-5a. Annular support component; 1-5b. Radial electromagnetic coil; 1-6. Radial permanent magnet bearing; 1-7. Protective bearing; 1-8. Position transmission... 1. Sensor; 2. Magnetic coupling; 2-1. Housing; 2-1a. Outer housing; 2-1b. Inner housing; 2-2. First magnet; 2-3. Second magnet; 2-4. Lower plate; 2-4a. Lower disc; 2-4b. Lower annular part; 2-5. Upper plate; 2-5a. Upper disc; 2-5b. Upper annular part; 3. Motor; 3-1. Housing; 3-2. Stator; 3-3. Rotor; 3-4. Third magnet; 3-5. Fourth magnet; 3-6. Mounting plate; 3-7. Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0020] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0021] This application discloses a magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device. (Refer to...) Figures 1-3The magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device includes a magnetic levitation flywheel 1, a magnetic coupling 2, and a motor 3 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The motor 3 includes a housing 3-1, a stator 3-2, a rotor 3-3, and a magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The housing 3-1 has an inner cavity, the stator 3-2 is fixed to the inner circumferential wall of the inner cavity, and the rotor 3-3 is magnetically levied at the center of the inner cavity via the magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The magnetic levitation flywheel 1 includes a flywheel housing 1-1, a flywheel body 1-2, a radial magnetic bearing assembly, and an axial magnetic bearing assembly. The flywheel housing 1-1 has a flywheel cavity, and the flywheel body 1-2 is levied at the center of the flywheel cavity via the radial and axial magnetic bearing assemblies. The magnetic coupling 2 includes a cover 2-1, a first magnet 2-2, a second magnet 2-3, a lower plate 2-4, and an upper plate 2-5. The lower end of the cover 2-1 is connected to the top of the flywheel housing 1-1. The upper end of the cover 2-1 is connected to the bottom of the housing 3-1. The cover 2-1 has a first chamber and a second chamber that are isolated from each other. The first magnet 2-2 is detachably connected to the flywheel body 1-2 through the lower plate 2-4. The first magnet 2-2 and the lower plate 2-4 are located in the first chamber, and both the first magnet 2-2 and the lower plate 2-4 are in clearance fit with the inner wall of the first chamber. The second magnet 2-3 is detachably connected to the rotor 3-3 through the upper plate 2-5. Both the second magnet 2-3 and the upper plate 2-5 are located in the second chamber, and both the second magnet 2-3 and the upper plate 2-5 are in clearance fit with the inner wall of the second chamber. The second magnet 2-3 is distributed on the outer periphery of the first magnet 2-2, and the two transmit torque through magnetic coupling.

[0022] In this design, the radial and axial magnetic bearing assemblies work together to ensure the flywheel body 1-2 is stably suspended and aligned in a vacuum environment, enabling wear-free high-speed rotation, thus minimizing energy loss and significantly improving energy storage efficiency. Simultaneously, the flywheel body 1-2 carries the first magnet 2-2 for levitation, and the magnetically levitated rotor 3-3 carries the second magnet 2-3 for levitation, ensuring that the two magnets (first magnet 2-2 and second magnet 2-3) in the magnetic coupling 2 are always precisely aligned. This non-contact magnetic transmission design between the inner and outer rings eliminates any physical connection between the motor 3 rotor 3-3 and the flywheel body 1-2, preventing excessively long drive shafts. This greatly reduces system vibration and energy loss, resulting in smoother system operation, longer lifespan, and direct separation of the motor 3 from the flywheel module during maintenance, significantly improving maintenance convenience and system reliability, reducing maintenance costs, and drastically shortening maintenance cycles.

[0023] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the flywheel housing 1-1 is cylindrical with an inner cavity. Preferably, the housing is a split structure consisting of a cover plate and a cylindrical body connected by threaded sealing (or screw connection); by disassembling the cover plate, maintenance and repair of the internal components of the flywheel housing 1-1 can be easily performed. It is understood that a sealing structure is provided at the connection between the cover plate and the cylindrical body; this sealing structure can be a sealing ring or other existing sealing structures, which are not shown here.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the flywheel body 1-2 is a cylindrical rotating body with a thicker center and thinner ends, including a main wheel and shafts symmetrically arranged at both ends of the main wheel. The flywheel body 1-2 is preferably made of a magnetically conductive material. In some preferred embodiments, an annular rotor core can be fitted and fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the main wheel in the flywheel body 1-2 to enhance the rotational inertia and energy storage density of the flywheel body 1-2. However, it should be noted that the rotor core should be able to be in a clearance fit with the radial magnetic bearing assembly, the axial magnetic bearing assembly, and the inner wall of the flywheel housing 1-1 to ensure that the flywheel body 1-2 can be suspended in the flywheel housing 1-1 without contact.

[0025] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the axial magnetic bearing assembly includes an axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 and / or an axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4. The axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 is disposed below the flywheel body 1-2 and is used to apply an upward permanent magnetic repulsive force to the bottom of the flywheel body 1-2. The axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4 is disposed above the flywheel body 1-2 and is used to apply an upward electromagnetic attraction force to the top of the flywheel body 1-2. The magnitude of the electromagnetic attraction force can be adjusted by regulating the magnitude of the current supplied to the axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4.

[0026] In this design, based on the axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 and / or the axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4, the flywheel body 1-2 can be stably suspended in the flywheel housing 1-1 in the axial direction. In particular, when the axial magnetic bearing assembly includes the axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 and the axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4 (e.g....) Figure 2 As shown, since the permanent magnet repulsion provided by the axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 is always present and will not be affected by power failure or other situations, the flywheel body 1-2 will not fall and be damaged; and based on the controllable electromagnetic attraction, by adjusting the magnitude of the electromagnetic attraction, the axial displacement caused by factors such as temperature changes or load disturbances can be compensated in real time, thereby ensuring the suspension stability of the flywheel body 1-2.

[0027] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the axial permanent magnet bearing 1-3 includes a lower permanent magnet 1-3a, an upper permanent magnet 1-3b, a lower support seat 1-3c, and an upper support seat 1-3d. The lower support seat 1-3c is detachably mounted on the bottom of the flywheel housing 1-1, the lower permanent magnet 1-3a is fixed to the top of the lower support seat 1-3c, and the upper support seat 1-3d is detachably mounted on the bottom of the main wheel in the flywheel body 1-2, while the upper permanent magnet 1-3b is fixed to the top of the upper support seat 1-3d. Furthermore, the upper permanent magnet 1-3b is located directly above the lower permanent magnet 1-3a, and both the upper permanent magnet 1-3b and the lower permanent magnet 1-3a are arranged around the central shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2. The magnetic poles of the opposing surfaces of the upper permanent magnet 1-3b and the lower permanent magnet 1-3a have the same polarity to form an axial permanent magnet repulsive force.

[0028] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments, the lower permanent magnet 1-3a is a ring array formed by multiple block-shaped permanent magnets evenly distributed along the circumference. This ring array is centered on the centerline of the flywheel housing 1-1 and distributed around the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the lower permanent magnet 1-3a may also adopt a single-ring permanent magnet structure, which is horizontally positioned and has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the central shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2 to ensure assembly concentricity and magnetic field uniformity. Similarly, the upper permanent magnet 1-3b can be a ring array or a single-ring permanent magnet structure.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the axial electromagnetic bearing 1-4 includes an upper support frame 1-4a and an upper electromagnetic coil 1-4b. The upper support frame 1-4a is detachably fixed to the inner top of the flywheel housing 1-1, and the upper electromagnetic coil 1-4b is embedded in the upper support frame 1-4a. The axis of the upper electromagnetic coil 1-4b coincides with the axis of the flywheel housing 1-1. When the upper electromagnetic coil 1-4b is energized, it generates an electromagnetic field, thereby applying a controllable and precise axial attraction force to the top of the flywheel body 1-2. The intensity of the electromagnetic field changes linearly with the current, ensuring sensitive adjustment of the attraction force.

[0030] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments, the upper support frame 1-4a is designed as an inverted U-shaped ferromagnetic ring. This inverted U-shaped ferromagnetic ring is connected to the top of the flywheel housing 1-1 by screws, with its center coinciding with the axis of the flywheel housing 1-1 and its opening facing downwards. An electromagnetic coil 1-4b is embedded inside. This design significantly improves the magnetic field coupling efficiency, allowing the electromagnetic attraction to be better concentrated on the top of the flywheel disc in the flywheel body 1-2, greatly reducing magnetic leakage and energy consumption.

[0031] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the radial magnetic bearing assembly includes a radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5 and / or a radial permanent magnet bearing 1-6. The radial permanent magnet bearing 1-6 is fixed to the flywheel housing 1-1 and distributed around the flywheel body 1-2 along its circumferential direction, providing a radial permanent magnet bias magnetic field. The radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5 is fixed to the flywheel housing 1-1 and distributed around the flywheel body 1-2 along its circumferential direction, generating a radial electromagnetic control magnetic field when current is applied to it.

[0032] In this design, the radial permanent magnet bias magnetic field and the radial electromagnetic control magnetic field can be coupled and superimposed to form a composite radial magnetic field, while the flywheel body 1-2 is located at the center of this composite radial magnetic field. This design of coupling and superimposing permanent magnet and electromagnetic fields not only retains the zero-power bias advantage of the permanent magnet bias magnetic field, but also achieves rapid response active regulation through the radial electromagnetic control magnetic field, enabling the system to maintain high-precision radial suspension over a wide speed range.

[0033] Under this design, based on the radial electromagnetic control magnetic field and / or the radial permanent magnet bias magnetic field, a stable and non-contact radial constraint can be provided for the flywheel body 1-2, effectively suppressing the radial vibration and eccentric drift of the flywheel body 1-2 during high-speed rotation, thereby significantly improving the system's operational stability and lifespan.

[0034] As a preferred option, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5 includes an annular support 1-5a and multiple radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b. The annular support 1-5a is fixedly disposed within the flywheel housing 1-1 and located on the outer periphery of the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2. The inner annular surface of the annular support 1-5a has multiple protrusions evenly spaced circumferentially. The multiple radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b are wound one-to-one around the protrusions, and the axes of the radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b are perpendicular to the axis of the flywheel housing 1-1, forming an annular electromagnet array. The annular support 1-5a with protrusions is preferably made of ferromagnetic material. The magnetic poles at the inward-facing ends of the multiple radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b alternate circumferentially (i.e., the N pole and S pole alternate circumferentially).

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the radial permanent magnet bearing 1-6 includes a plurality of radial permanent magnets, which are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the flywheel housing 1-1, and the ends of the plurality of radial permanent magnets facing the flywheel body 1-2 have the same polarity.

[0036] As a preferred option, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in some specific embodiments, multiple radial permanent magnets are embedded on the outer ring surface of the annular support 1-5a and are equally spaced along the circumferential direction of the annular support 1-5a, so that multiple radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b are located inside the multiple radial permanent magnets. More preferably, the multiple radial electromagnetic coils 1-5b and the multiple radial permanent magnets are alternately distributed in space along the circumferential direction of the annular support 1-5a.

[0037] Furthermore, when the radial magnetic bearing assembly includes both a radial permanent magnet bearing 1-6 and a radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5, the radial permanent magnet bearing 1-6 provides most (generally 70%~80%) of the radial basic levitation force for the flywheel body 1-2, while the radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5 is responsible for the remaining (generally 20%~30%) of the radial basic levitation force. By adjusting the current supplied to the radial electromagnetic coil 1-5b, the strength of the radial electromagnetic control magnetic field can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the electromagnetic force. This adjustment can actively adjust the radial displacement of the flywheel body 1-2 so that the flywheel body 1-2 can be accurately and stably suspended at the preset center position, suppressing radial offset caused by slight fluctuations in rotational speed, load disturbances, or manufacturing tolerances.

[0038] In addition, by setting two types of magnetic bearings radially in the flywheel body 1-2, the magnetic load borne by a single magnetic bearing can be effectively distributed, which helps to reduce the volume of a single magnetic bearing. Compared with the traditional radial design using all electromagnetic bearings, this design can significantly reduce the amount of current passed through, which not only reduces heat but also enables radial low-consumption stable levitation.

[0039] It is understood that one or more radial magnetic bearing assemblies can be provided. When multiple radial magnetic bearing assemblies are provided, they are arranged at axial intervals along the flywheel body 1-2 to enhance system redundancy and suspension stiffness. Preferably, two radial magnetic bearing assemblies are provided, one of which is provided around the shaft at the upper end of the flywheel body 1-2, and the other is provided around the shaft at the lower end of the flywheel body 1-2 to form a symmetrical support structure, effectively suppressing vibration instability caused by axial bending moment.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the magnetic levitation flywheel 1 further includes a protective bearing 1-7. Preferably, the protective bearing 1-7 includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and rolling elements, with the rolling elements sandwiched between the raceways of the outer and inner rings. The outer ring of the protective bearing 1-7 is detachably fixed to the flywheel housing 1-1, while the inner ring is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2. The inner circumferential surface of the inner ring of the protective bearing 1-7 is in clearance fit with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2, preferably with a clearance of 0.2mm-0.4mm. When the radial electromagnetic bearing 1-5 fails, the protective bearing 1-7 can protect the flywheel body 1-2.

[0041] Preferably, the protective bearings 1-7 are provided in two sets, one set is provided around the shaft portion at the upper end of the flywheel body 1-2, and the other set is provided around the shaft portion at the lower end of the flywheel body 1-2; for the flywheel body 1-2, the shaft portion at the upper end of the flywheel body 1-2 passes through the protective bearings 1-7 and extends into the first chamber, and the shaft portion at the upper end of the flywheel body 1-2 is detachably connected to the lower plate 2-4 in the magnetic coupling 2.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the magnetic levitation flywheel 1 further includes position sensors 1-8 and a controller. The position sensors 1-8 are disposed within the flywheel housing 1-1 and are used to detect the position of the flywheel body 1-2 to generate radial and axial position signals in real time. Preferably, two sets of position sensors 1-8 are provided. One set of position sensors 1-8 is disposed at the top of the flywheel housing 1-1 and distributed around the outer periphery of the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2 to form multi-point detection of the upper shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2; while the other set of position sensors 1-8 is disposed at the bottom of the flywheel housing 1-1 and distributed around the outer periphery of the shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2 to form multi-point detection of the lower shaft portion of the flywheel body 1-2.

[0043] The controller is electrically connected to position sensors 1-8, radial magnetic bearing assembly, and axial magnetic bearing assembly to adjust the radial and axial magnetic bearing assemblies in real time based on radial and axial position signals, so as to dynamically correct the offset of flywheel body 1-2. This dynamic correction has five degrees of freedom of adjustment capability, covering: adjustment of flywheel body 1-2 in the X and Y directions by the upper radial magnetic bearing assembly, adjustment of flywheel body 1-2 in the X and Y directions by the lower radial magnetic bearing assembly, and adjustment of flywheel body 1-2 in the Z direction (i.e. axial direction) by the axial magnetic bearing assembly.

[0044] For motor 3, further, as... Figure 7As shown, in some embodiments, the magnetic levitation bearing assembly in the motor 3 includes a third magnet 3-4 and a fourth magnet 3-5, which are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the rotor 3-3 in the motor 3. Specifically, the third magnet 3-4 is fixed to the bottom of the rotor 3-3; the fourth magnet 3-5 is fixed to the housing 3-1 and / or the cover 2-1 and is located below the third magnet 3-4. The magnetic poles of the opposing ends of the third magnet 3-4 and the fourth magnet 3-5 have the same polarity to form an axial repulsive force to counteract the weight of the rotor 3-3.

[0045] As a preferred option, such as Figure 7 As shown, a mounting plate 3-6 is detachably mounted on the rotor 3-3, and the third magnet 3-4 is fixed to the bottom of the rotor 3-3 via the mounting plate 3-6 for easy maintenance and replacement. A mounting bracket 3-7 is detachably mounted on the top of the cover 2-1, and the fourth magnet 3-5 is fixed to the top of the cover 2-1 via this bracket, with the third magnet 3-4 located directly below the fourth magnet 3-5.

[0046] Preferably, in some embodiments, the third magnet 3-4 is a ring-shaped magnet array composed of multiple permanent magnets, with the central axis of the rotor 3-3 as the center. In some other embodiments, the third magnet 3-4 may also be a single ring-shaped permanent magnet. Similarly, the fourth magnet 3-5 may also be a corresponding ring-shaped magnet array or a single-ring permanent magnet.

[0047] Preferably, rotor 3-3 is located inside stator 3-2, and rotor 3-3 is radially limited by mechanical bearings at the centerline of housing 3-1; these mechanical bearings include, but are not limited to, deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, and self-aligning bearings; in addition, an air gap is pre-set between rotor 3-3 and stator 3-2. The relevant principles of rotor 3-3 and stator 3-2 are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0048] In fact, in this design, the motor 3 includes, but is not limited to, permanent magnet synchronous motor 3, asynchronous motor 3, induction motor 3, doubly fed motor 3, and other electromagnetic devices capable of bidirectional energy transmission. These electromagnetic devices internally incorporate the magnetic levitation bearing assembly of this design to form a magnetic levitation high-speed motor 3.

[0049] For magnetic coupling 2, further, as... Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the housing 2-1 of the magnetic coupling 2 includes an outer housing 2-1a and an inner housing 2-1b. The inner housing 2-1b is assembled from multiple components and has an open bottom; it is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flywheel housing 1-1, and the two together form a first chamber. The outer housing 2-1a is a single-piece component with an open bottom. It covers the outer housing 2-1b and is fixedly connected to the flywheel housing 1-1 and the housing 3-1. The inner wall of the outer housing 2-1a, the outer wall of the inner housing 2-1b, and the flywheel housing 1-1 together form a second chamber.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the lower disk 2-4 includes a lower disk 2-4a and a lower annular portion 2-4b connected to the outer peripheral edge of the lower disk 2-4a and extending upward. The lower disk 2-4a is coaxial with the flywheel body 1-2 and detachably connected. The first magnet 2-2 is uniformly embedded and connected to the outer peripheral surface of the lower annular portion 2-4b along the circumferential direction of the lower disk 2-4. Under the support of the flywheel body 1-2, the lower disk 2-4a and the first magnet 2-2 are fitted together with a clearance inside the first chamber.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the upper disk 2-5 includes an upper disk 2-5a and an upper annular portion 2-5b connected to the outer peripheral edge of the upper disk 2-5a and extending downward. The upper disk 2-5a is coaxial with the rotor 3-3 and is detachably connected. The second magnet 2-3 is uniformly embedded and connected to the inner peripheral surface of the upper annular portion 2-5b along the circumferential direction of the upper annular portion 2-5b.

[0052] In this design, the upper disc 2-5 and the second magnet 2-3 are suspended in the second chamber via the rotor 3-3, ensuring no contact with the inner wall of the second chamber during rotation. The second magnet 2-3 and the first magnet 2-2 form a non-contact magnetic coupling, achieving efficient and wear-free torque transmission through magnetic field interaction. For example, when the rotor 3-3 in the motor 3 rotates, it drives the second magnet 2-3 to rotate synchronously. The magnetic field of the second magnet 2-3 continuously couples with the magnetic field of the first magnet 2-2, causing the rotating second magnet 2-3 to drive the first magnet 2-2 and the lower disc 2-4a to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the flywheel body 1-2 to operate at high speed and stably. The entire transmission process involves no physical contact, no lubrication requirements, and no wear loss, significantly improving system lifespan and operational reliability.

[0053] It is understandable that the first magnet 2-2 can be a ring array of multiple permanent magnets evenly spaced along the circumference, or it can be a single ring permanent magnet; similarly, the second magnet 2-3 can be a ring array of multiple permanent magnets or a single ring permanent magnet. Its specific structural form can be flexibly selected according to factors such as the power level, speed range and space constraints of the motor 3, so as to take into account magnetic field uniformity, assembly accuracy and thermal stability.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, the preferred design is as follows: the first magnet 2-2 includes a plurality of first permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced on the outer circumferential surface of the lower annular portion 2-4b along the circumferential direction to form an outer magnetic ring array; the second magnet 2-3 includes a plurality of second permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced on the inner circumferential surface of the upper annular portion 2-5b along the circumferential direction to form an inner magnetic ring array.

[0055] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the inner cover 2-1b is preferably made of a non-magnetic material, including but not limited to fiberglass, carbon fiber, etc. The inner cover 2-1b serves as a vacuum isolation layer, enabling the first chamber and the flywheel chamber to communicate and, after being evacuated, to jointly form a vacuum-sealed chamber; while the second chamber communicates with the inner cavity of the housing 3-1, jointly forming a non-vacuum chamber. This allows for environmental separation between the first and second chambers, isolating the motor 3 and the second permanent magnet in the second chamber from the vacuum, allowing them to operate directly in the air, thus avoiding vacuum breakdown and insulation / heat dissipation problems in the stator 3-2; and since the flywheel body 1-2 and the first magnet 2-2 are in a vacuum, their wind-induced wear loss is greatly reduced.

[0056] Under the design of this application, the magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device has at least the following advantages: 1. The motor 3 drives the flywheel body 1-2 through magnetic coupling, which can achieve efficient energy transfer with zero contact and zero friction, completely eliminate mechanical wear and lubrication dependence, significantly improve the system's operating life and long-term stability, and thus achieve efficient storage of electrical energy.

[0057] 2. When the magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device is running, the motor 3 is in the air, which avoids the problems of insulation breakdown and poor heat dissipation that are prone to occur when the motor 3 is running in a vacuum. Compared with traditional flywheel energy storage devices, the stator 3-2 of the motor 3 in this device does not need to adopt the potting process, so as to improve the stability and economy of manufacturing.

[0058] 3. When the magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device is running, the flywheel body 1-2 is in a vacuum environment, which can greatly reduce the wind wear loss of the flywheel body 1-2. At the same time, the rotor 3-3 of the motor 3 does not form a rigid contact connection with the flywheel body 1-2, giving it better dynamic characteristics. This design is conducive to increasing the volume of the motor 3 and the flywheel body 1-2, thereby increasing the power and energy storage limit of electrical energy, and reducing the design and manufacturing difficulty.

[0059] 4. In this scheme, the rotor 3-3 of motor 3 adopts a permanent magnet repulsion bearing for levitation operation, which counteracts the gravity of the rotor 3-3 of motor 3, increases the selection range of mechanical bearings, and improves the service life of mechanical bearings; in addition, the flywheel body 1-2 in this design is in a magnetic levitation state, which also increases the operating speed of the flywheel body 1-2 and the upper limit of the electrical energy storage capacity.

[0060] 5. When it is necessary to maintain the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of this magnetic drive, if the motor 3 is damaged, the staff can directly remove the motor 3 from the device for replacement without disassembling and installing the entire device. This modular design greatly improves maintenance efficiency, making maintenance convenient and economical.

[0061] It is understood that in this application, the parts designed for detachable connection include, but are not limited to, using screw connection, snap connection, threaded connection, etc. to achieve detachable connection.

[0062] It's important to understand that the term "and / or" describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. In this article, the symbol " / " indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship, such as A / B meaning A or B.

[0063] It should be understood that expressions such as "comprising" and "may include" as used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as "comprising" and / or "having" may be interpreted as indicating a specific characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but should not be interpreted as excluding the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0064] It should be understood that the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential” indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0065] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0066] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0067] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device, characterized in that, It includes a magnetic levitation flywheel (1), a magnetic coupling (2), and a motor (3) arranged from bottom to top, wherein: The motor (3) includes a housing (3-1), a stator (3-2), a rotor (3-3), and a magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The housing (3-1) has an inner cavity. The stator (3-2) is fixed to the inner circumferential wall of the inner cavity. The rotor (3-3) is suspended in the center of the inner cavity by the magnetic levitation bearing assembly. The magnetic levitation flywheel (1) includes a flywheel housing (1-1), a flywheel body (1-2), a radial magnetic bearing assembly, and an axial magnetic bearing assembly; the flywheel housing (1-1) has a flywheel cavity, and the flywheel body (1-2) is suspended at the center of the flywheel cavity through the radial magnetic bearing assembly and the axial magnetic bearing assembly; The magnetic coupling (2) includes a housing (2-1), a first magnet (2-2), a second magnet (2-3), a lower plate (2-4), and an upper plate (2-5); the lower end of the housing (2-1) is connected to the top of the flywheel housing (1-1), and the upper end of the housing (2-1) is connected to the bottom of the housing (3-1); the housing (2-1) has a first chamber and a second chamber that are isolated from each other; the first magnet (2-2) is detachably connected to the flywheel body (1-2) through the lower plate (2-4). The first magnet (2-2) and the lower plate (2-4) are disposed in the first chamber and are both in clearance fit with the inner wall of the first chamber; the second magnet (2-3) is detachably connected to the rotor (3-3) through the upper plate (2-5); the second magnet (2-3) and the upper plate (2-5) are disposed in the second chamber and are both in clearance fit with the inner wall of the second chamber; the second magnet (2-3) is distributed around the first magnet (2-2), and the two transmit torque through magnetic coupling; The axial magnetic bearing assembly includes an axial permanent magnet bearing (1-3) and / or an axial electromagnetic bearing (1-4), wherein: The axial permanent magnet bearing (1-3) is used to apply an upward permanent magnet repulsive force to the bottom of the flywheel body (1-2); The axial electromagnetic bearing (1-4) is used to apply an upward electromagnetic attraction force to the top of the flywheel body (1-2), and the magnitude of the electromagnetic attraction force can be adjusted by regulating the magnitude of the current supplied to the axial electromagnetic bearing (1-4). The radial magnetic bearing assembly includes a radial permanent magnet bearing (1-6) and / or a radial electromagnetic bearing (1-5), wherein: The radial permanent magnet bearing (1-6) is fixed on the flywheel housing (1-1) and distributed around the flywheel body (1-2). The radial permanent magnet bearing (1-6) is used to provide a radial permanent magnet bias magnetic field. The radial electromagnetic bearing (1-5) is fixed on the flywheel housing (1-1) and distributed around the flywheel body (1-2). When current is passed through the radial electromagnetic bearing (1-5), it can generate a radial electromagnetic control magnetic field.

2. The magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation bearing assembly includes: The third magnet (3-4) is fixed to the bottom of the rotor (3-3); A fourth magnet (3-5) is fixed to the housing (3-1) and / or the cover (2-1); the fourth magnet (3-5) is located below the third magnet (3-4), and the opposing magnetic poles of the fourth magnet (3-5) and the third magnet (3-4) have the same polarity to form an axial repulsive force.

3. The magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure (2-1) includes an outer enclosure (2-1a) and an inner enclosure (2-1b), wherein: The inner cover (2-1b) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flywheel housing (1-1), and the two together form the first chamber; The outer cover (2-1a) is placed over the inner cover (2-1b). The outer cover (2-1a) is fixedly connected to both the flywheel housing (1-1) and the machine housing (3-1). The inner wall of the outer cover (2-1a), the outer wall of the inner cover (2-1b), and the flywheel housing (1-1) together form a second chamber.

4. The magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first chamber is connected to the flywheel chamber and together they form a vacuum-sealed chamber; And / or, the second chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the housing (3-1) and together they form a non-vacuum chamber.

5. The magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower disc (2-4) includes a lower disc (2-4a) and a lower annular portion (2-4b). The lower disc (2-4a) is coaxial with and detachably connected to the flywheel body (1-2). The lower annular portion (2-4b) is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the lower disc (2-4a). The first magnet (2-2) is uniformly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the lower annular portion (2-4b) along the circumferential direction. The upper disk (2-5) includes an upper disk (2-5a) and an upper annular portion (2-5b). The upper disk (2-5a) is coaxial with the rotor (3-3) and detachably connected. The upper annular portion (2-5b) is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the upper disk (2-5a) and extends downward. The second magnet (2-3) is uniformly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the upper annular portion (2-5b) along the circumferential direction.

6. The magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first magnet (2-2) includes a plurality of first permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the lower annular portion (2-4b) to form an outer magnetic ring array; The second magnet (2-3) includes a plurality of second permanent magnets, which are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the upper annular portion (2-5b) and connected to the inner circumferential surface of the upper annular portion (2-5b) to form an inner magnetic ring array.

7. The magnetically driven, magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radial permanent magnet bearing (1-6) includes a plurality of radial permanent magnets, which are arranged in a ring array and have the same polarity at the ends of the plurality of radial permanent magnets facing the flywheel body (1-2). The radial electromagnetic bearing (1-5) includes a plurality of radial electromagnetic coils (1-5b), which are arranged in a ring array. The axis of each radial electromagnetic coil (1-5b) is perpendicular to the axis of the flywheel housing (1-1). The plurality of radial electromagnetic coils (1-5b) and the plurality of radial permanent magnets are alternately distributed in space along the circumferential direction.

8. The magnetically driven magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation flywheel (1) also includes: A position sensor (1-8) is disposed inside the flywheel housing (1-1) to detect the real-time position of the flywheel body (1-2) and generate radial position signals and axial position signals in real time. The controller is electrically connected to the position sensor (1-8), the radial magnetic bearing assembly, and the axial magnetic bearing assembly, and is used to adjust the radial magnetic bearing assembly and the axial magnetic bearing assembly in real time based on the radial position signal and the axial position signal to dynamically correct the offset of the flywheel body (1-2).

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