Photovoltaic laminated structure with decoupling layer and protective structure and method of assembly

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic lamination structure with a decoupling layer and a protection structure and a mounting method, wherein the structure comprises a lamination structure; the lamination structure comprises a flexible photovoltaic functional layer, a surface mechanics decoupling layer arranged on a side of the functional layer facing a mounting base and having a locally deformable contact area, and a step-by-step mounting protection structure arranged on a side of the decoupling layer facing away from the functional layer and comprising a plurality of independent release units; during mounting, each release unit is sequentially peeled off and segmentally compacted; the application converts continuous rigid surface contact into a non-continuous, stress-dissipating mechanical transmission interface through the surface mechanics decoupling layer, effectively blocking the transmission of the deformation stress of the base; meanwhile, the step-by-step mounting protection structure realizes progressive positioning and orderly exhaust, significantly improves the mounting precision and the interface bonding reliability, and is suitable for complex bases such as indoor walls, cabinet bodies, decorative plates and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flexible photovoltaic module technology, specifically to a photovoltaic laminate structure and mounting method having a decoupling layer and a protective structure. Background Technology

[0002] Flexible thin-film photovoltaic modules, due to their lightweight and bendable characteristics, show promising application prospects in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and complex indoor surfaces (such as walls, cabinets, and decorative panels). Currently, to fix flexible photovoltaic modules on building surfaces, the mainstream solutions mainly rely on metal brackets, keels, and drilling machinery for mechanical installation, or directly use double-sided tape and silicone structural adhesive for large-area rigid or semi-rigid bonding; through the strong interfacial interaction of the adhesive, the photovoltaic modules and the building substrate are directly and physically fixed.

[0003] However, in practical applications, when photovoltaic modules are extended from flat, small-area substrates to large, complex indoor substrates (such as wall plaster layers, wooden decorative panels, etc.), the module mounting interface structure and installation process face two prominent problems: Firstly, the deformation modulus of commonly used indoor substrate materials (such as cement, plastic, wood, etc.) is often inconsistent with that of the photovoltaic functional layer and organic encapsulation materials, making them prone to uneven deformation and mechanical stress under changes in environmental humidity and temperature. Existing direct bonding methods create a strong mechanical coupling between the photovoltaic module and the substrate, making it difficult to effectively control the force flow transmission. This not only leads to the direct transmission of microscopic mechanical disturbances caused by substrate roughness, undulations, and temperature and humidity changes, but also causes interfacial stress to accumulate in the fragile photovoltaic functional layer, resulting in stress concentration, wrinkling, and interlayer delamination. Although existing technologies attempt to introduce flexible insulating substrates or set buffer strips, they essentially still rely on the rigid bonding of chemical adhesive layers or the elastic buffering of the materials themselves, lacking micromechanical structural design and making it difficult to provide effective lateral stress slip tolerance.

[0004] On the other hand, the process of directly bonding large-area flexible modules to complex surfaces lacks spatial constraints and venting guidance structures. The dense surface bonding easily leads to poor adhesion and severe positional misalignment. Forced overall pressing not only easily causes air trapping and voids but also causes mechanical damage to the flexible photovoltaic panel surface due to the lack of pressure buffering. Simultaneously, traditional strong adhesives or vacuum-assisted fixing methods lack secondary adjustment space during installation, resulting in low construction error tolerance and easy damage to the device itself during later disassembly. Therefore, developing a novel interface structure that can isolate and buffer mechanical disturbances caused by substrate deformation from a three-dimensional physical structure and precisely control the bonding positioning and venting process under complex surface conditions has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a photovoltaic laminate structure and mounting method with a decoupling layer and a protective structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This application provides a photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure, including a flexible photovoltaic functional layer, and further comprising: A surface mechanical decoupling layer is disposed on the side of the flexible photovoltaic functional layer facing the mounting substrate. The surface mechanical decoupling layer has a local deformable contact area, which is used to form a discontinuous and stress-dissipative mechanical transmission interface between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate. A step-by-step mounting protection structure is disposed on the side of the surface mechanical decoupling layer away from the flexible photovoltaic functional layer. The step-by-step mounting protection structure includes multiple release units arranged sequentially in the mounting direction and capable of being independently peeled off.

[0007] Optionally, the local deformable contact area of ​​the surface mechanical decoupling layer adopts one or more of the following configurations: micro-protrusion array, grid-like flexible support unit, strip-like buffer unit, corrugated contact interface, or island-like discontinuous contact unit.

[0008] Optionally, the surface mechanical decoupling layer has a low shear modulus and is configured to convert and dissipate shear stress from the mounting substrate into elastic deformation to reduce peak interfacial stress.

[0009] Optionally, the multiple release units in the step-mount protection structure are configured to be peeled off sequentially in a predetermined direction to progressively expose the surface mechanical decoupling layer.

[0010] Optionally, microscopic exhaust channels are formed between the locally deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer. These microscopic exhaust channels cooperate with the step-by-step peeling operation of the step-by-step mounting protective structure to guide gas out in a predetermined direction.

[0011] Optionally, the release unit in the step-by-step mounting protection structure is a horizontally divided structure consisting of two, three, or more segments.

[0012] Optionally, the surface mechanical decoupling layer is configured to continuously buffer the micro-deformation, thermal and moisture stress and local disturbances of the mounting substrate after mounting is completed, and passivate minor interface defects generated during the mounting process.

[0013] A mounting method utilizing the aforementioned photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure includes the following steps: Peel off the first release unit in the step-by-step mounting protective structure, and locally position and attach the exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer to the mounting substrate; Following the set direction, the remaining release units are peeled off in sequence. After peeling off each release unit, the corresponding exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer is pressed firmly to achieve gradual air release until the overall mounting is completed.

[0014] Optionally, during the peeling process of the release unit, the microscopic exhaust channels formed between the local deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer, in conjunction with the step-by-step peeling operation, guide the gas to be discharged in an orderly manner along a predetermined direction.

[0015] Optionally, after mounting, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously buffers the micro-deformation and thermal and moisture stress of the mounting substrate, reduces the transmission of stress to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer, and works synergistically with the initial flatness ensured by the step-by-step mounting protection structure during the mounting process to improve mounting consistency and long-term stability.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a surface mechanical decoupling layer with locally deformable contact areas between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate, and below it, a step-by-step bonding protection structure composed of multiple independent release units. On the one hand, this transforms the traditional continuous rigid surface contact into a discontinuous, stress-dissipative mechanical transmission interface, effectively blocking the rigid transmission of shear stress generated by substrate deformation to the photovoltaic functional layer, reducing peak interface stress, and suppressing wrinkling, warping, and interlayer peeling. On the other hand, the step-by-step peeling release units achieve progressive positioning and orderly venting, avoiding misalignment, air trapping, and mechanical damage caused by one-time large-area adhesion, significantly improving the positioning accuracy, bonding uniformity, and interface adhesion reliability of large-area construction. Furthermore, the decoupling layer and the protection structure work together in dynamic construction and long-term use to jointly improve the adaptability and long-term stability of the flexible photovoltaic layer to complex indoor substrates. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure.

[0018] Figure 2 This is an interface connection diagram of a photovoltaic patch structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, in this invention, an element referred to as fixed to or disposed on another element may be directly disposed on the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be connected to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element present simultaneously. The terms vertical, horizontal, left, right, and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0022] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 This application provides a photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure, including a flexible photovoltaic functional layer, and further comprising: A surface mechanical decoupling layer is disposed on the side of the flexible photovoltaic functional layer facing the mounting substrate. The surface mechanical decoupling layer has a local deformable contact area, which is used to form a discontinuous and stress-dissipative mechanical transmission interface between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate. A step-by-step mounting protection structure is disposed on the side of the surface mechanical decoupling layer away from the flexible photovoltaic functional layer. The step-by-step mounting protection structure includes multiple release units arranged sequentially in the mounting direction and capable of being independently peeled off.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the indoor flexible photovoltaic (PV) laminate structure of the present invention includes a flexible PV functional layer, a surface mechanical decoupling layer, and a step-by-step mounting protection structure. The side of the flexible PV functional layer closest to the mounting substrate is tightly bonded and fixed to the upper surface of the surface mechanical decoupling layer. The lower surface of the surface mechanical decoupling layer forms a temporary bond with the step-by-step mounting protection structure. The surface mechanical decoupling layer is not a continuous and uniform adhesive layer, but is configured as an interface structure layer with a locally deformable contact area. This locally deformable contact area transforms the traditional continuous rigid surface contact between the flexible PV functional layer and the mounting substrate into a discontinuous, stress-dissipative mechanical transmission interface. The step-by-step mounting protection structure includes multiple release units (3a, 3b, and 3c in the figure) arranged sequentially in the mounting direction and capable of being independently peeled off. Each release unit can be peeled off individually, thereby achieving step-by-step mounting.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, the local deformable contact area of ​​the surface mechanical decoupling layer adopts one or more configurations of micro-protrusion array, grid-like flexible support unit, strip-like buffer unit, corrugated contact interface or island-like discontinuous contact unit.

[0025] The local deformable contact area of ​​the surface mechanical decoupling layer can adopt various configurations. Specifically, it can employ a micro-protrusion array, i.e., regular or irregular micro-protrusions set on the lower surface of the decoupling layer; it can also employ grid-like flexible support units, i.e., forming a mesh-like distribution of support ribs; it can also employ strip-like buffer units, i.e., parallel or intersecting strip-like structures; it can also employ a corrugated contact interface, i.e., a surface with wavy undulations; it can also employ island-like discontinuous contact units, i.e., mutually independent island-like protrusions. The above configurations can be used individually or in combination. Regardless of the configuration used, a local deformable contact area can be formed between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate, providing stress release paths and buffer space.

[0026] In one embodiment, the surface mechanical decoupling layer has a low shear modulus and is configured to convert and dissipate shear stress from the mounting substrate into elastic deformation to reduce peak interfacial stress.

[0027] The surface mechanical decoupling layer is designed to have a low shear modulus. When the mounting substrate expands, contracts, or warps locally due to changes in humidity and temperature, the resulting shear stress is transferred to the decoupling layer. The decoupling layer can convert this shear stress into its own elastic deformation and dissipate it, thereby reducing the peak interfacial stress. Mechanical tests show that after adopting this decoupling layer, the elongation at break of the structure can be increased from about 40.0% of the traditional single-layer adhesive structure to about 155.0%, and the dynamic shear strength can be increased from about 0.15 MPa to about 0.45 MPa, confirming its excellent stress dissipation capability.

[0028] In one embodiment, multiple release units in the step-mounted protective structure are configured to be peeled off sequentially in a predetermined direction to progressively expose the surface mechanical decoupling layer.

[0029] In the step-by-step mounting protection structure, multiple release units (such as 3a, 3b, and 3c) are configured to be peeled off sequentially in a predetermined direction. For example, the operator can peel off the first release unit 3a first, and then peel off 3b and 3c in sequence according to the mounting order. Each time a unit is peeled off, a portion of the surface mechanical decoupling layer is gradually exposed, thereby achieving a gradual release of the interface and avoiding uncontrollable interference caused by a large area of ​​exposure at once.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, microscopic exhaust channels are formed between the locally deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer. These microscopic exhaust channels cooperate with the step-by-step peeling operation of the step-by-step mounting protective structure to guide gas out in a predetermined direction.

[0031] In its natural state, the local deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer (such as micro-protrusion arrays, grid-like support units, etc.) will form interconnected micro-gaps between adjacent contact areas. These gaps constitute micro-venting channels. During the step-by-step bonding process, as the release unit is peeled off step by step and each segment of the decoupling layer is gradually compacted, the gas can be orderly discharged along these micro-venting channels to the unbonded areas or edges. The micro-venting channels and the step-by-step peeling operation work together to guide the gas to be discharged in a predetermined direction, effectively avoiding air trapping and voids.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the release unit in the step-by-step mounting protection structure is a horizontally divided structure consisting of two, three, or more segments.

[0033] In the step-by-step installation protection structure, the release unit adopts a horizontal segmentation method, that is, the release layer is cut into several independent units along the installation direction. The number of release units can be two, three or more segments; the attached drawings exemplarily show a three-segment structure (3a, 3b, 3c), but depending on the size of the flexible photovoltaic module and the construction requirements, it can also be set to two or four or more segments, all of which can achieve the purpose of step-by-step peeling and gradual installation.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the surface mechanical decoupling layer is configured to continuously buffer the micro-deformation, thermal and moisture stress and local disturbances of the mounting substrate after mounting is completed, and passivate minor interface defects generated during the mounting process.

[0035] During long-term use after installation, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously plays a buffering role. Indoor substrates (such as cement plastered walls, wooden decorative panels, etc.) may experience microscopic expansion, contraction, or localized warping due to changes in environmental humidity and temperature. The decoupling layer can continuously absorb and buffer these microscopic deformations and thermal and moisture stresses, reducing the transmission of stress to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer. At the same time, minor interface defects that may occur during the installation process (such as unevenness caused by localized micro-bubbles or particles) can also be contained and passivated by the flexible deformation of the decoupling layer, preventing them from evolving into stress concentration points, thereby inhibiting wrinkling, edge lifting, and interlayer delamination.

[0036] Please see Figure 3 This application provides a mounting method using the above-mentioned photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure, including the following steps: Peel off the first release unit in the step-by-step mounting protective structure, and locally position and attach the exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer to the mounting substrate; Following the set direction, the remaining release units are peeled off in sequence. After peeling off each release unit, the corresponding exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer is pressed firmly to achieve gradual air release until the overall mounting is completed.

[0037] The mounting method using the above structure includes the following steps: First, peel off the first release unit (e.g., 3a) in the step-by-step mounting protective structure, preliminarily localize a portion of the exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer, and attach it to the complex indoor mounting substrate; then, according to a set direction (e.g., from top to bottom or from left to right), peel off the remaining release units (e.g., 3b, 3c) in sequence. After peeling off each release unit, immediately press the corresponding exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer portion from the already attached edge to the newly exposed area to achieve gradual air release; repeat the above process until the last release unit is peeled off and pressed, completing the overall mounting.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, during the peeling process of the release unit, the microscopic exhaust channels formed between the local deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer, in conjunction with the step-by-step peeling operation, guide the gas to be discharged in an orderly manner along a predetermined direction.

[0039] During the implementation of the above-mentioned mounting method, when the release unit is peeled off and the decoupling layer is compacted, the microscopic exhaust channels formed between the local deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer actively participate in exhaust. As each segment of the decoupling layer is gradually compacted onto the substrate, the air originally present at the interface is squeezed and discharged along these microscopic channels in the direction of peeling or adjacent unbonded areas. The step-by-step peeling operation ensures that the exhaust process is segmented and orderly, thereby guiding the gas to be discharged in an orderly manner along the predetermined direction and avoiding air trapping defects.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, after mounting is completed, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously buffers the micro-deformation and thermal and moisture stress of the mounting substrate, reduces the transmission of stress to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer, and works synergistically with the initial flatness ensured by the step-by-step mounting protection structure during the mounting process to improve mounting consistency and long-term stability.

[0041] After mounting, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously buffers the micro-deformation and thermal and moisture stress of the mounting substrate, effectively reducing the stress transmission to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer, thereby suppressing wrinkling, warping, and interlayer delamination in the long term. Simultaneously, the step-by-step mounting protection structure ensures high initial in-plane flatness and precise positioning of the module during mounting, creating uniform initial contact between the decoupling layer and the substrate. The long-term stress buffering function of the surface mechanical decoupling layer and the initial flatness ensured by the step-by-step mounting protection structure work synergistically, improving the consistency and long-term stability of mounting in a single application, while also increasing the success rate and yield of large-area installations.

[0042] It should be noted that there are several alternative embodiments of the present invention. The local deformable contact area of ​​the surface mechanical decoupling layer is not limited to any one of the above configurations. It can adopt one or more combinations of micro-protrusion arrays, grid-like flexible support units, strip-like buffer units, corrugated contact interfaces, or island-like discontinuous contact units. As long as a local deformable contact area can be formed between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate, and stress release paths and buffer spaces can be provided, the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. The step-by-step mounting protection structure is not limited to three transverse segments, but can be two, three, or more segments. The arrangement of the release units is not limited to that shown in the figure. As long as step-by-step peeling, gradual positioning, and orderly venting can be achieved, they are all considered alternative embodiments of the present invention. The above alternative solutions can all produce the same mechanical decoupling and step-by-step mounting synergistic effect as the preferred embodiment, and should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: Example 1: Installation on indoor cement plastered walls The indoor flexible photovoltaic layer structure of this invention was applied to an interior cement plaster wall (with a certain degree of surface roughness and local undulations) of a building. Before installation, the wall surface was cleaned and kept dry. The operator first peeled off the first release unit 3a in the step-by-step installation protective structure, aligned a portion of the exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer with the predetermined position for preliminary local positioning, and gently pressed it onto the cement wall surface. Subsequently, the remaining release units 3b and 3c were peeled off sequentially from top to bottom, and each section of the exposed decoupling layer was pressed firmly. During the compaction process, the microscopic exhaust channels formed between the micro-protrusion arrays in the surface mechanical decoupling layer orderly discharged the interface air along the front edge of the installation. After installation, the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the cement wall surface formed a dense and flat bond without obvious air trapping or voids.

[0044] During subsequent use, changes in environmental humidity cause microscopic expansion or contraction of the cement wall surface. The surface mechanical decoupling layer, through its low shear modulus and locally deformable contact areas, converts the shear stress transmitted from the substrate into elastic deformation and dissipates it, effectively weakening the transmission of stress to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer. Mechanical testing showed that the elongation at break of this structure increased from approximately 40.0% of the traditional single-layer adhesive-backed structure to approximately 155.0%, and the dynamic shear strength increased from approximately 0.15 MPa to approximately 0.45 MPa. No wrinkling, warping, or interlayer delamination was observed after long-term use.

[0045] Example 2: Installation on interior wooden decorative panels The indoor flexible photovoltaic laminate structure of this invention was applied to the surface of an indoor wooden decorative panel. The wooden substrate is prone to anisotropic deformation under temperature and humidity changes. During installation, the operator first peels off the first release unit 3a for positioning, then peels off 3b and 3c sequentially and compacts them in sections. With the step-by-step installation process, the interface peel force under large-area construction conditions increased from approximately 8.5 N / 25 mm in the traditional one-time installation structure to approximately 19.5 N / 25 mm, indicating stronger interface adhesion and more stable bonding. Simultaneously, the step-by-step peeling mechanism avoids misalignment, air trapping, and surface mechanical damage caused by one-time overall pressing, significantly improving the installation integrity rate (no hollow areas, no hidden cracks). After installation, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously buffers the microscopic deformation and thermo-moisture stress of the wooden substrate, effectively suppressing stress concentration and edge warping, ensuring long-term stability.

[0046] Example 3: Large-area mounting on the surface of an indoor cabinet The indoor flexible photovoltaic laminate structure of this invention is applied to the side panel surface of an indoor cabinet (approximately 2 square meters). The step-by-step installation protection structure is configured as five horizontally segmented release units. The operator peels off each release unit sequentially from left to right, performing local positioning and compaction after each segment is peeled off, gradually completing the overall installation. During the installation process, because the exposed decoupling layer area of ​​each segment is small, the construction personnel can easily control the alignment accuracy and avoid instantaneous displacement caused by gravity or adhesion. At the same time, the microscopic exhaust channels of the decoupling layer, combined with segmented compaction, allow gas to be gradually discharged in a predetermined direction, ultimately achieving a smooth, bubble-free installation effect. This embodiment further verifies that multi-segment forms (two, three, or more segments) of the step-by-step installation protection structure can achieve the expected effects of this invention.

[0047] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0048] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure, comprising a flexible photovoltaic functional layer, characterized in that, Also includes: A surface mechanical decoupling layer is disposed on the side of the flexible photovoltaic functional layer facing the mounting substrate. The surface mechanical decoupling layer has a local deformable contact area, which is used to form a discontinuous and stress-dissipative mechanical transmission interface between the flexible photovoltaic functional layer and the mounting substrate. A step-by-step mounting protection structure is disposed on the side of the surface mechanical decoupling layer away from the flexible photovoltaic functional layer. The step-by-step mounting protection structure includes multiple release units arranged sequentially in the mounting direction and capable of being independently peeled off.

2. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The local deformable contact area of ​​the surface mechanical decoupling layer adopts one or more of the following configurations: micro-protrusion array, grid-like flexible support unit, strip-like buffer unit, corrugated contact interface, or island-like discontinuous contact unit.

3. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The surface mechanical decoupling layer has a low shear modulus and is configured to convert and dissipate shear stress from the mounting substrate into elastic deformation to reduce peak interfacial stress.

4. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple release units in the step-mounted protective structure are configured to be peeled off sequentially in a predetermined direction to progressively expose the surface mechanical decoupling layer.

5. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, Microscopic exhaust channels are formed between the locally deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer. These microscopic exhaust channels cooperate with the step-by-step peeling operation of the step-by-step mounting protective structure to guide gas out in a predetermined direction.

6. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The release unit in the step-by-step mounting protection structure is a horizontally divided structure consisting of two, three, or more segments.

7. The photovoltaic laminate structure with decoupling layer and protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface mechanical decoupling layer is configured to continuously buffer the micro-deformation, thermal and moisture stress and local disturbances of the mounting substrate after mounting is completed, and passivate minor interface defects generated during the mounting process.

8. A method for mounting a photovoltaic laminate structure with a decoupling layer and a protective structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Peel off the first release unit in the step-by-step mounting protective structure, and locally position and attach the exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer to the mounting substrate; Following the set direction, the remaining release units are peeled off in sequence. After peeling off each release unit, the corresponding exposed surface mechanical decoupling layer is pressed firmly to achieve gradual air release until the overall mounting is completed.

9. The mounting method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the peeling process of the release unit, the microscopic exhaust channels formed between the local deformable contact areas of the surface mechanical decoupling layer, in conjunction with the step-by-step peeling operation, guide the gas to be discharged in an orderly manner along a predetermined direction.

10. The mounting method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, After mounting, the surface mechanical decoupling layer continuously buffers the micro-deformation and thermal and moisture stress of the mounting substrate, reduces the transmission of stress to the flexible photovoltaic functional layer, and works synergistically with the initial flatness ensured by the step-by-step mounting protection structure during the mounting process to improve mounting consistency and long-term stability.

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