Solar cell module and method of manufacturing the same and use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically to a solar cell module suitable for the extreme environment of space, its preparation method, and its application. The solar cell module includes: a first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a cell array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate; the first substrate, the first encapsulating layer, the cell array layer, the second encapsulating layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a flexible encapsulation structure; wherein, both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain for modification. Through the above method, this invention can solve the technical problem in related technologies where solar cell modules cannot simultaneously achieve lightweight, high-temperature resistance, and resistance to strong ultraviolet radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar cell module suitable for the extreme environment of space, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of commercial spaceflight and deep space exploration, the demand for lightweight, high-efficiency solar cells in spacecraft is becoming increasingly urgent. The space environment has extreme conditions such as sudden temperature changes (-150℃ to 120℃), strong ultraviolet radiation (UV-C and shorter wavelengths), high vacuum, and atomic oxygen erosion, which place stringent requirements on the encapsulation materials and structures of photovoltaic modules.

[0003] Heterojunction technology (HJT) solar cells are considered the mainstream direction of next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low temperature coefficient, and excellent low-light response. However, existing HJT modules mostly adopt a rigid encapsulation structure of "glass + EVA film + solar cell," which has the following insurmountable drawbacks: (1) Heavy weight and fragility: The high density of glass makes the components bulky, significantly increasing the cost of rocket launch, and they are easily broken under launch vibration or space debris impact.

[0004] (2) Insufficient weather resistance: Glass is prone to yellowing under long-term ultraviolet radiation, resulting in a decrease in light transmittance; commonly used EVA film is extremely prone to aging and delamination under the dual effects of high temperature and ultraviolet radiation in space, leading to component failure.

[0005] (3) Poor adaptability: Traditional rigid packaging cannot fully utilize the advantages of HJT cells (especially N-type) in terms of thinness and flexibility.

[0006] To address these issues, the industry has attempted to replace glass with polyimide (PI) films. For example, while ordinary PI films achieve weight reduction, the benzene ring structure in their molecular chains is easily damaged by ultraviolet radiation, leading to a sharp decrease in light transmittance (typically only about 70%) and deterioration of mechanical properties, making them unsuitable for long-term space stays.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new solar cell module and its preparation method and application to overcome the bottleneck of the difficulty in achieving both lightweight and weather resistance in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a solar cell module, its preparation method, and its application, which can solve the technical problem in related technologies that solar cell modules cannot simultaneously achieve lightweight, high temperature resistance, and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a solar cell module, comprising: a first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a cell array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate; The first substrate, the first encapsulating adhesive layer, the battery array layer, the second encapsulating adhesive layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a flexible encapsulation structure; The first substrate and the second substrate are both made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain for modification.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fluorinated group includes at least one of hexafluoroisopropyl and trifluoromethyl; the ultraviolet absorber includes at least one of benzotriazole, benzophenone, and triazine.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the modified thermoplastic polyimide film has an ultraviolet transmittance ≥90% in the 300-400nm wavelength range; a glass transition temperature ≥250℃; and a light transmittance ≤5% under the condition of an equivalent space ultraviolet radiation dose ≥1366 kWh / m².

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the battery array layer includes a plurality of heterojunction solar cells, which are connected in series or in parallel by interconnecting strips.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the heterojunction solar cell is a P-type heterojunction solar cell, the thickness of the heterojunction solar cell is 60-110 μm, and the conversion efficiency is 22.5%-24.5%.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, both the first encapsulating adhesive layer and the second encapsulating adhesive layer are made of high-temperature resistant transparent adhesive film, wherein the high-temperature resistant transparent adhesive film includes at least one of polysiloxane adhesive film, modified EVA adhesive film, and polyolefin adhesive film.

[0015] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising the following steps: S1: A first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a battery array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate are provided, wherein both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by modifying the polyimide molecular chain by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers. S2: The first substrate, the first encapsulating adhesive layer, the battery array layer, the second encapsulating adhesive layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a stacked structure; S3: In a vacuum environment, the laminated structure is laminated and cured by applying a preset temperature and preset pressure to make each layer tightly bonded; S4: Cut and seal the edges of the laminated components.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the preset temperature is 160-180℃, the preset pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the lamination time is 30-40min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is ≤10Pa.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the battery array layer is formed by welding multiple heterojunction solar cells together with interconnecting strips; the welding temperature is 160-180°C.

[0018] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is the application of the solar cell module in the space environment.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A solar cell module includes: a first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a cell array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate; the first substrate, the first encapsulating layer, the cell array layer, the second encapsulating layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a flexible encapsulation structure; wherein, both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain for modification; through molecular structure design, fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers are introduced into the polyimide molecular chain to improve the ultraviolet transmittance and anti-ultraviolet aging performance of the film, while maintaining its high temperature resistance and mechanical properties. This invention uses modified thermoplastic polyimide film as encapsulation material to solve the problem of insufficient ultraviolet resistance of traditional solar cell modules in the extreme environment of space, while maintaining lightweight and high temperature resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movements between components in a specific orientation (as shown in the figures). If the specific orientation changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0024] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 This invention relates to a solar cell module 100 suitable for extreme space environments. The module comprises a first substrate 10, a first encapsulating layer 11, a cell array layer 12, a second encapsulating layer 13, and a second substrate 14. The first substrate 10, the first encapsulating layer 11, the cell array layer 12, the second encapsulating layer 13, and the second substrate 14 are sequentially stacked to form a flexible encapsulation structure. Both the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 14 are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film. The modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain.

[0026] Unmodified polyimide films have a molecular backbone rich in aromatic benzene ring structures. Under continuous exposure to high-energy ultraviolet radiation in space (such as UV-C with wavelengths ≤300nm and vacuum ultraviolet bands), the molecular chains undergo photo-oxidative chain breaking or cross-linking reactions, destroying the original conjugated system and chemical structure of the polyimide. The breaking and recombination of the molecular chains cause the polyimide film to yellow, resulting in a sharp decrease in ultraviolet transmittance in the 300-400nm wavelength range, accompanied by severe light scattering. After long-term irradiation, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the polyimide film decrease significantly, exhibiting embrittlement, microcracks, and even pulverization, thus losing its physical protection for the solar cell. The embodiments of this invention introduce fluorinated groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain through molecular structure design. The fluorine-containing groups utilize the strong electronegativity of fluorine atoms to alter the charge distribution of the molecular chain, effectively inhibiting the formation of intramolecular charge-transfer complexes. This not only eliminates the root cause of yellowing in traditional polyimide films and significantly improves the UV transmittance in the 300-400nm band (≥90%), but also endows the material with extremely strong resistance to UV damage due to the high bond energy of the CF bonds. The UV absorber, acting as a "sacrificial agent," is uniformly dispersed in the resin matrix, preferentially absorbing high-energy UV photons and converting them into harmless heat energy, thereby protecting the polyimide backbone from attack and improving the film's UV transmittance and UV aging resistance while maintaining its high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties. In this invention, modified thermoplastic polyimide film is used as the encapsulation material to solve the problem of insufficient UV resistance in the extreme environment of space for traditional solar cell modules, while maintaining lightweight and high-temperature resistance.

[0027] In some embodiments, the fluorinated group includes at least one of hexafluoroisopropyl and trifluoromethyl; the ultraviolet absorber includes at least one of benzotriazole, benzophenone, and triazine.

[0028] The modified thermoplastic polyimide film described above is used as the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 14. Even after modification, this material retains the inherent excellent properties of polyimide; the density of the polyimide film is only about 1.4 g / cm³, less than 60% of that of glass (2.5 g / cm³), resulting in a weight reduction of over 50% for the solar panel and significantly lowering the cost of aerospace launches. Simultaneously, thermoplastic polyimide itself possesses excellent flexibility and impact resistance, solving the problem of glass's fragility. The modified thermoplastic polyimide film is modified by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the molecular chain. It has an ultraviolet transmittance of ≥90% in the 300-400nm wavelength range and a glass transition temperature of ≥250℃. It can withstand repeated impacts from the extreme temperature difference in space (-150℃ to 120℃) without cold embrittlement or thermal softening, ensuring the dimensional stability and structural integrity of the component under extreme temperature differences. Under the condition of equivalent space ultraviolet radiation dose ≥1366 kWh / m², the light transmittance is ≤5%.

[0029] In some embodiments, the battery array layer 12 includes multiple heterojunction solar cells, which are connected in series or parallel via interconnecting strips. As one example, tin-plated copper strips are welded to the main grid lines of the heterojunction solar cells using infrared welding or film lamination welding techniques to form a battery string.

[0030] As one example, the heterojunction solar cell is a P-type heterojunction solar cell with a thickness of 60-110 μm and a conversion efficiency of 22.5%-24.5%. P-type heterojunction solar cells are chosen over N-type solar cells in the space environment because P-type silicon is more resistant to high-energy particle radiation, effectively mitigating the performance degradation caused by radiation damage.

[0031] In some embodiments, both the first encapsulating adhesive layer 11 and the second encapsulating adhesive layer 13 are made of high-temperature resistant transparent adhesive film, which includes at least one of polysiloxane adhesive film, modified EVA adhesive film, and polyolefin adhesive film. The modified EVA adhesive film is made from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the modification methods include chemical modification or physical modification. Chemical modification involves adding peroxide crosslinking agents and silane coupling agents, causing EVA molecules to crosslink into a network structure during high-temperature lamination. Physical modification involves mixing in UV stabilizers, antioxidants, acid absorbers, light-shielding powders, and light-converting powders, etc., and the specific modification can be carried out as needed.

[0032] Preferably, a polysiloxane-based film is selected, which has a glass transition temperature ≥180℃, does not age or delaminate at high temperatures, and has good light transmittance (≥92%, 400-1100nm band).

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if substantially the same result is achieved, the method of the present invention is not necessarily identical. Figure 2 The illustrated process sequence is limited. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Provide a first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a battery array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate, wherein both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by modifying the polyimide molecular chain by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers.

[0034] In step S1, the fluorinated group includes at least one of hexafluoroisopropyl and trifluoromethyl; the ultraviolet absorber includes at least one of benzotriazole, benzophenone, and triazine. Both the first and second encapsulating layers use high-temperature resistant transparent films, including at least one of polysiloxane films, modified EVA films, and polyolefin films. The battery array layer is formed by welding multiple heterojunction solar cells together with interconnecting strips; the welding temperature is 160-180℃. Excessive welding temperature may damage the heterojunction structure of the cells, leading to structural failure during use; insufficient temperature may result in poor soldering and contact, causing poor conductivity during use. The heterojunction solar cells have a thickness of 60-110μm and a size of 20. 20mm-230 230mm, conversion efficiency is 22.5%-24.5%.

[0035] As one example, the preparation process of the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is as follows: 1. In a nitrogen-protected reactor, add dianhydride monomer 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropene) phthalic anhydride (6FDA) and diamine monomer 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (TFMB) in a molar ratio of 1:1. 6FDA is the source for introducing fluorine-containing groups (hexafluoroisopropyl).

[0036] 2. Add N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and control the solid content at 15 wt%. At the same time, add 0.5% of 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (benzotriazole UV absorber) according to the total mass of monomers, and stir the reaction at room temperature for 6 hours to form a polyamic acid solution.

[0037] 3. Coat the polyamic acid solution onto a clean glass plate, pre-dry it at 80℃, and then perform stepwise heating: hold at 150℃ for 1 hour, hold at 250℃ for 1 hour, and imidize at 350℃ for 2 hours.

[0038] 4. After cooling, the film is peeled off to obtain a modified thermoplastic polyimide film with a thickness of 25 μm.

[0039] Tests showed that the modified thermoplastic polyimide film had a UV transmittance of 92.5% in the 300-400 nm range and a glass transition temperature of 285 °C. Under the condition of an equivalent space UV radiation dose of 1366 kWh / m², the transmittance decreased by only 1.2%, indicating that the modified thermoplastic polyimide film has a synergistic anti-aging effect of fluorinated groups and UV absorbers.

[0040] Step S2: The first substrate, the first encapsulating adhesive layer, the battery array layer, the second encapsulating adhesive layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a stacked structure.

[0041] In step S2, a first encapsulating adhesive layer is laid on the upper surface of the battery array layer, and a second encapsulating adhesive layer is laid on the lower surface of the battery array layer. The size of the first and second encapsulating adhesive layers is slightly larger than that of the battery array layer to ensure complete coverage of the battery array layer. A modified thermoplastic polyimide film is laid on the surface of the first encapsulating adhesive layer to form a first substrate, and a modified thermoplastic polyimide film is laid on the surface of the second encapsulating adhesive layer to form a second substrate. The position is adjusted so that the battery array layer is located at the center of the module and the materials of each layer are aligned.

[0042] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first substrate and the second substrate is 20-30 μm, and their size is 3-5 mm larger than that of the heterojunction solar cell, which is conducive to bonding and encapsulation; the thickness of the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer is 10-50 μm, and their size is the same as that of the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0043] S3: In a vacuum environment, a preset temperature and preset pressure are applied to the laminated structure for lamination and curing, so that each layer is tightly bonded.

[0044] In step S3, the preset temperature is 160-180℃, the preset pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the lamination time is 30-40min, and the vacuum level of the vacuum environment is ≤10Pa. The upper limit of the preset temperature is lower than the failure temperature of the amorphous silicon layer in the heterojunction solar cell and higher than the complete crosslinking temperature of the high-temperature resistant transparent film.

[0045] S4: Cut and seal the edges of the laminated components.

[0046] In step S4, excess adhesive film and thin film on the edge of the component are removed by laser cutting or mechanical cutting. Then, the edge is polished and coated with silicone for sealing to prevent moisture intrusion.

[0047] Because modified thermoplastic polyimide films are inherently heat-resistant (high glass transition temperature), they allow the use of high-temperature resistant transparent films for encapsulation. These films typically require a lamination temperature of 160-180°C for full cross-linking, while traditional polyimides often cannot withstand this temperature, leading to deformation. The solar cell module fabrication method of this invention, through the synergistic effect of material modification, structural optimization, and process control, ensures encapsulation strength, prevents substrate deformation, and protects the amorphous silicon passivation layer of the heterojunction solar cell from thermal damage, successfully solving the technical challenge of traditional solar cells' inability to adapt to the extreme environment of space.

[0048] Example 1 Battery array layer: 105mm 105mm P-type heterojunction solar cells (80μm thickness, 23.5% conversion efficiency). The heterojunction solar cells were connected in series using an infrared welding machine at 170°C with tin-plated copper strips.

[0049] First and second encapsulation layers: Polysiloxane-based adhesive film with a thickness of 30µm and a glass transition temperature of 180℃ is selected.

[0050] First and second substrates: The modified thermoplastic polyimide film prepared in the above embodiment was selected as the first and second substrates, both with a thickness of 25 μm.

[0051] S1-1 Preparation: Clean all material surfaces.

[0052] S1-2 stack: The following layers are sequentially laid on the laminating platform: first substrate, first encapsulant layer, battery array layer, second encapsulant layer, and second substrate.

[0053] S1-3 Lamination: Feed the laminate into the laminator, turn on the vacuum pump to make the vacuum degree in the cavity reach 8Pa; heat the heating plate to 170℃; apply a pressure of 0.15MPa; maintain for 35 minutes.

[0054] S1-4 Post-processing: After lamination, the edges are trimmed by laser cutting and then sealed with silicone.

[0055] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the welding temperature is 160°C and the lamination temperature is 160°C.

[0056] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the welding temperature is 180°C and the lamination temperature is 180°C.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first and second substrates of Comparative Example 1 are made of unmodified polyimide films.

[0058] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the first and second substrates of Comparative Example 1 are made of conventional glass.

[0059] Performance testing The performance of the solar cell modules of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was compared and tested. The test conditions are as follows: (1) Using a pulsed solar simulator, the changes in electrical performance parameters such as fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), and power (pma) of the solar cell module were measured before and after space environment verification under an ambient temperature of 25℃, an AM0 atmospheric environment, and a solar irradiance of 1366 W / m². The fill factor decay rate (ΔFF), open circuit voltage decay rate (ΔVoc), short circuit current decay rate (ΔIsc), and power change decay rate (ΔPmax) of the solar cell module were obtained by combining the two measurement results before and after space environment verification. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] The space environment includes a high-energy electron irradiance of ≥1×10¹ at 1 MeV. 5 The total irradiation dose is ≥100kWh / m², with a proton irradiation flux ≥1×10¹²p / cm², 500 cycles in the temperature range of -180℃ to +150℃, and a wavelength of 200~400nm.

[0061] (2) Weight measurement: Weigh each sample using an electronic analytical balance with an accuracy of not less than 0.01 g and calculate the weight per unit area.

[0062] Table 1 is a comparison table of performance test results between the examples and the comparative examples.

[0063] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: First substrate, first encapsulating adhesive layer, battery array layer, second encapsulating adhesive layer, and second substrate; The first substrate, the first encapsulating adhesive layer, the battery array layer, the second encapsulating adhesive layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a flexible encapsulation structure; The first substrate and the second substrate are both made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyimide molecular chain for modification.

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorinated group includes at least one of hexafluoroisopropyl and trifluoromethyl; the ultraviolet absorber includes at least one of benzotriazole, benzophenone, and triazine.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified thermoplastic polyimide film has an ultraviolet transmittance of ≥90% in the 300-400nm wavelength range; a glass transition temperature of ≥250℃; and a light transmittance of ≤5% under the condition of an equivalent space ultraviolet radiation dose of ≥1366 kWh / m².

4. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery array layer includes multiple heterojunction solar cells, which are connected in series or in parallel via interconnecting strips.

5. The solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heterojunction solar cell is a P-type heterojunction solar cell with a thickness of 60-110 μm and a conversion efficiency of 22.5%-24.5%.

6. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second encapsulating adhesive layers are made of high-temperature resistant transparent adhesive film, which includes at least one of polysiloxane adhesive film, modified EVA adhesive film, and polyolefin adhesive film.

7. A method for preparing a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: A first substrate, a first encapsulating layer, a battery array layer, a second encapsulating layer, and a second substrate are provided, wherein both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of modified thermoplastic polyimide film; the modified thermoplastic polyimide film is prepared by modifying the polyimide molecular chain by introducing fluorine-containing groups and ultraviolet absorbers. S2: The first substrate, the first encapsulating adhesive layer, the battery array layer, the second encapsulating adhesive layer, and the second substrate are sequentially stacked to form a stacked structure; S3: In a vacuum environment, the laminated structure is laminated and cured by applying a preset temperature and preset pressure to make each layer tightly bonded; S4: Cut and seal the edges of the laminated components.

8. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the preset temperature is 160-180℃, the preset pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the lamination time is 30-40min, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is ≤10Pa.

9. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery array layer is formed by welding multiple heterojunction solar cells together with interconnecting strips; the welding temperature is 160-180℃.

10. An application of a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-6 in a space environment.

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