Automatic analysis of phase rotation and phase relationship

Abstract

The systems and methods described herein allow for the proper processing and interpretation of input and feedback signals in the operation of high-voltage circuit breakers and controlled switching. In various examples, this is accomplished through automated, real-time monitoring, analysis, and corrective action. Advantageously, this intelligent diagnostics improves the reliability and efficiency of critical components in high-voltage electrical systems, thereby preventing premature wear, electrical faults, or physical damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to controlled switching systems, and more specifically, to systems and methods for automatic diagnostic signal analysis, which help identify and resolve problems in system operation and similar tasks. Background Technology

[0002] Managing and operating modern high-voltage systems requires precise targeting of controlled switching devices, such as circuit breakers. Targeting involves making timing decisions about when to open and close the circuit breaker to avoid undesirable side effects on the electrical load and / or the circuit breaker, thereby improving efficiency, lifespan, and safe operation. Undesirable side effects include transient generation, harmonic distortion, arcing, and mechanical wear. In the context of targeting and performance reviews, successful controlled switching greatly benefits from the accurate detection and analysis of analog signals. Some legacy systems monitor input signals when preparing the circuit breaker for operation; however, these systems fail to correctly determine the signal type and phase rotation, and they do not correlate input and feedback signals. This leads to challenges exacerbated by poor signal quality and installation errors, which are particularly common among inexperienced installers.

[0003] Furthermore, misunderstandings and incorrect applications of voltage transformer details often lead to inappropriate setting decisions by controlled switching devices. This includes misunderstandings of voltage signals, such as confusing line-to-ground voltage with line-to-line voltage, which can result in repetitive operational errors and poor performance. Moreover, in the worst case, inaccurate signal processing can lead to catastrophic equipment failure, potentially creating safety hazards.

[0004] Addressing signal processing-related issues, such as those stemming from phase rotation errors and wiring mistakes, can be time-consuming and costly. In practice, this not only leads to undesirable equipment downtime but also puts pressure on equipment owners and OEM installers to find adequate solutions. Therefore, systems and methods are needed to overcome the shortcomings of existing high-voltage systems and extend their lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In some aspects of this disclosure, the technology described herein relates to a multiphase AC power system comprising: a controller including one or more processors; and a set of switching devices coupled to the one or more processors. Each switching device may include electromechanical components controlled by the controller to open and close phases of the multiphase AC power system. The controller performs the following steps: for each phase of the multiphase AC power system, acquiring diagnostic data including at least one set of analog signals, the set of analog signals including one or more feedback signals; using the diagnostic data to determine a set of electrical characteristics including a set of phase angles, each phase angle associated with a voltage or current; using the set of phase angles to determine a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current; evaluating whether the phase relationships in the set of phase relationships indicate phase misalignment; and in response to determining the presence of phase misalignment, transmitting one or more commands to one or more components in the multiphase AC power system, such as protection or interlocking relays coupled to a load (e.g., a generator or transformer), to initiate operation. Phase misalignment represents a deviation from a predetermined phase relationship.

[0006] Various aspects of this disclosure may relate to using a set of phase angles to determine phase rotation errors indicating faults in wiring. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method in which determining phase relationships may include comparing phase relationships between all phases in a system, for example, by comparing waveform data from at least one line-side voltage transformer and one load-side voltage transformer with current waveform data to identify phase rotation. Determining phase relationships may also include determining time differences between waveforms, including at least one of voltage or current.

[0007] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a method in which transmitting one or more instructions includes at least one of generating an interrupt, a fault warning, or a remapping signal. Various measurements may include detecting voltage signals of the type of line-to-line or line-to-ground. Measurements may be performed in real time, for example, via a voltage transformer or a current transformer.

[0008] Various aspects of this disclosure also include analyzing diagnostic data to detect trends or patterns in the diagnostic data. Electrical characteristics may include harmonics indicating phase mismatch, and determining such characteristics may include analyzing a set of waveforms that can be acquired from a set of sensors, such as electrically isolated voltage or current transformers. Appropriate analysis may also include comparing phase data associated with an input signal with predetermined data, which includes at least one of model data, data expected according to a pattern, a ratio of rated data or diagnostic data.

[0009] Various aspects of this disclosure may relate to systems including devices for performing the following steps: for each phase of a multiphase AC power system, acquiring diagnostic data comprising at least one set of analog signals, the set of analog signals including one or more feedback signals; using the diagnostic data to determine a set of electrical characteristics comprising a set of phase angles, each phase angle associated with a voltage or current; using the set of phase angles to determine a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current; evaluating whether the phase relationships in the set of phase relationships indicate phase misalignment; and in response to determining the presence of phase misalignment, transmitting one or more commands to one or more components in the multiphase AC power system, such as protection or interlocking relays coupled to a load (e.g., a generator or transformer), to initiate operation. Phase misalignment represents a deviation from a predetermined phase relationship. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The phase relationship of the current initiation time of a directly grounded capacitor bank according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0011] Figure 2 The phase relationship of the current initiation time in an ungrounded system according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing current initiation events according to an example implementation.

[0013] Figure 4 The phase relationship in an exemplary three-phase system according to an example implementation is shown.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing phase relationships according to an example implementation.

[0015] Figure 6 The detection of an inappropriate selection of the transformer input voltage ratio according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0016] Figure 7 A comparison of line-to-ground input versus line-to-line input is shown for an inappropriate voltage transformer type selection according to an example implementation.

[0017] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing transformer types according to an example implementation.

[0018] Figure 9 A comparison of line-to-ground voltage and transformer current according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0019] Figure 10 A comparison of line-to-line voltage and transformer current according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process for analyzing transformer types according to an example implementation.

[0021] Figure 12 A multiphase AC power system according to an example implementation is shown.

[0022] Figure 13 Multiple physical systems connected to a management device according to an example implementation are shown.

[0023] Figure 14 An example computing environment with an example computing device suitable for use in some example implementations is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following description provides details of the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments of this application. For clarity, reference numerals and descriptions of redundant elements between the drawings have been omitted. The terminology used throughout the description is provided as an example and is not intended to be limiting. For example, the use of the term "automatic" may refer to fully automatic or semi-automatic embodiments, depending on the desired implementation by those skilled in the art who practice the embodiments of this disclosure, which involve user or administrator control over certain aspects of the implementation. Selection may be performed by a user through a user interface or other input means, or may be implemented by a desired algorithm. The exemplary embodiments described herein may be used alone or in combination, and the functionality of the exemplary embodiments may be implemented by any means according to the desired implementation.

[0025] The common three-phase nature of high-voltage switches requires controlled switching devices to determine the phase rotation of their input signals, which corresponds to the physical circuit breaker pole or path associated with the phase of the power supply. Ideally, equipment owners and OEM installers of high-voltage circuit breakers and similar controlled switching devices would identify and utilize the phase rotation of the input signals and the phase relationship between the input and feedback signals. Currently, while some efforts are made, these efforts are often limited to the initial commissioning of such devices, routine maintenance, or in response to poor performance. For example, physical verification of wiring, temporary instrumentation, and manual operation analysis are techniques used by equipment owners and OEM installers to ensure proper wiring and configuration.

[0026] The systems and methods described herein leverage the capabilities of modern controlled switching devices to embed the various disclosed examples into the core functionality of such devices. In this way, input and feedback signal diagnostic and maintenance methods can be optimized, for example, by utilizing real-time monitoring of analog inputs and key parameters, along with appropriate analysis of measurement data. Advantageously, this allows for the identification of the applied voltage signal type (line-to-line, line-to-ground, etc.), verification of appropriate phase rotation, and automatic analysis and comparison of input and feedback signals, for example, to determine phase relationships and reveal potential mismatches or inaccuracies.

[0027] Unlike existing methods that rely on post-processing and manual analysis of phase rotation data to perform error detection and gain insights into system behavior, the systems and methods presented in this paper provide accurate and reliable troubleshooting tools that can easily perform tasks such as detecting phase rotation differences and comparing line-side and load-side voltage transformer data with current waveforms. Advantageously, this allows for the generation of test characteristics for wiring change recommendations and / or for temporarily remapping signals, for example, to illustrate the impact of rewiring on the system in terms of phase rotation.

[0028] Figure 1 The phase relationship of the current initiation time of a directly grounded capacitor bank according to an example embodiment is shown. Figure 2 The phase relationship of the current initiation time in an ungrounded system according to an example embodiment is shown. It should be understood that any type of measuring device and technique known in the art (including combinations of network analyzers, zero-crossing detection, harmonic analysis, etc.) can be used to measure and / or derive circuit parameters and characteristics, such as phase relationships (e.g., when determining the type of voltage signal).

[0029] Figure 1 Curve 100 in the figure illustrates the current characteristics of a directly grounded capacitor bank load as having three independent current initiation times 108, 110, and 112, with each of the three corresponding phases 102, 104, and 106 corresponding to a current initiation time, and the three phases being applied to the load independently at each time. Conversely, Figure 2 The current sequence of the ungrounded system in Figure 200 is characterized by the simultaneous energization of two phases (corresponding phases 202 and 204), resulting in simultaneous and opposite current initiation. This situation can occur in systems programmed to operate in a grounded environment when the actual load is ungrounded, causing the controller to continuously advance one phase relative to the other based on erroneous feedback. Similarly, a controller programmed to operate in an ungrounded environment when it is actually grounded may produce a current characteristic exhibiting a 90-degree phase shift. The resulting inappropriate settings can cause relatively high stress or strain on the interruptor contacts, which may lead to premature mechanical aging and further degrade system performance.

[0030] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, according to this disclosure, such transient events can be advantageously used to diagnose potential problems. For example, an automatic detection or monitoring circuit can be used to perform a comparison review of the settings versus the start time, which can be used to prompt the user to verify the connection, parameter settings, or grounding integrity of the switched load. Additionally, phase relationships can be analyzed to determine the appropriate connections of the command output, input voltage signals, and feedback inputs. Furthermore, the controller can automatically adjust its existing (e.g., pre-programmed) settings to correct for any number of detected errors.

[0031] In the examples, phase relationships can be examined for any desired operation. The sequence of measured signals can provide a baseline for analysis. Exemplary analyses can focus on disturbances in voltage signals to identify one or more fault conditions. In the examples, the analysis can include correlations between any number of signals to generate predictions of correct wiring schemes or modifications to existing wiring schemes. The process of analyzing current-initiated events and other transient analysis parameters and tools can be used to determine potential misidentification of load types, or, in some examples, to examine the adequacy of the system response associated with such events.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing current initiation events according to an example implementation. Process 300 can be used as a diagnostic method to identify errors in load types and predict future equipment failures in multiphase AC power systems including controlled switching devices. At step 302 of process 300, a set of input signals and a set of feedback signals can be acquired, for example, at a controller. Such signals can be acquired in real time by sensing devices such as electrically isolated voltage transformers or current transformers and include any combination of analog and binary signals, including measured and derived load current signals, phase signals, harmonics, initiation time and delay time, and other electromechanical information.

[0033] At step 304, at least some of the acquired signals are used to identify the load type, and at step 306, information associated with a predetermined or expected load type can be acquired (e.g., retrieved from memory). At step 308, an error or difference between the load type and a potentially pre-programmed expected load type is determined, for example, through waveform analysis. Exemplary errors include errors indicating faults in the wiring, which can be derived using phase angle or phase rotation information. It should be understood that any number of phases in the system can be compared to each other, for example, by comparing with formal data, current waveform data, timing information, etc., obtained from line-side and / or load-side voltage transformers. At step 310, based on the determination result, instructions for performing actions such as generating and transmitting alarms, preventing operations, or automatically reprogramming a set of parameters, such as control parameters, can be executed. Furthermore, any data herein, whether acquired by measurement or calculation, can be used to detect trends or patterns in the data, for example, by comparing with model data.

[0034] Figure 4 The phase relationship in an exemplary three-phase system according to an example implementation is shown. Figure 4 The timing sequence of the following signals is described: command signal 402; coil activation command 404 for signals 406 to 410, which activate switching devices, such as electromechanical circuit breakers, whose electrical contacts are mechanically activated by coils or solenoids based on an energy storage system; auxiliary signal 418; phase signal 420 for voltage and phase signal 430 for current, and their corresponding current phase signals 442, 444, and 446.

[0035] like Figure 4 As indicated by the high signal 406 of the corresponding coil line, the operation sequence begins when the corresponding activation command 404 is used to energize the first coil. As expected, at time 452, the generated current corresponding to the voltage phase signal 422 is first detected. However, the start time 452 does not coincide with the zero-crossing point of the voltage phase signal 422. Upon further analysis of the voltage phase signal curve 420, it becomes apparent that the timing of the disturbance 424 captured in the voltage phase signal 422 coincides with the start time 450 of the current phase signal 444, not with the start time 452 of the current phase signal 442. Advantageously, this observation, and similar observations, can be used to evaluate the mechanical and electrical condition of the system, draw conclusions, and initiate appropriate actions. As an example, Figure 4The observed behavior indicates an incorrect input voltage connection, which can lead to poor system performance and other previously mentioned drawbacks. Therefore, analytical steps can be performed to determine the appropriate connection of the load voltage and switches (including auxiliary switches in the system) to ensure favorable switching conditions. This can be accomplished, for example, by embedding a smart switch into the firmware of a switch controller that considers the operating time of each switch and utilizes a feedback algorithm to achieve adaptive time refinement, thereby improving system performance.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing phase relationships according to an example implementation. Similar to process 300, Figure 5 Process 500 can begin when the controller acquires analog and / or binary input and feedback signals (e.g., phase angle, load current, coil excitation signals, auxiliary switching signals, and other electrical characteristics) for each phase of the multiphase AC power system at step 502. At step 504, at least some of the acquired signals are used to determine, for example, a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current. At step 506, it is determined whether this set of phase relationships corresponds to an expected set of phase relationships or indicates phase misalignment. At step 508, based on the determination result, appropriate actions can be initiated, such as generating and transmitting alarms, blocking operations, automatically reprogramming a set of parameters or reallocating signals, providing discrepancy information to the user, etc.

[0037] Figure 6 Graph 600 illustrates the detection of an inappropriate selection of the transformer input voltage ratio according to the example embodiment. Transformer input voltages 602 and 604 are shown as the same line (or phase) for both the line-side voltage transformer and the power-side voltage transformer. Figure 6 As can be seen, the input voltages are in phase; however, their amplitudes are inconsistent. In the example implementation, this mismatch can be used as an indication that the transformer voltage ratio may have been set incorrectly.

[0038] Figure 7 Graph 700 in the example illustrates a comparison between line-to-ground input and line-to-line input for an inappropriate voltage transformer type selection according to the example embodiment. (As shown in...) Figure 6 In the diagram, for the same line, the transformer input voltages 702 and 704 for the line-side voltage transformer and the power supply-side voltage transformer are shown. Figure 7 The difference in voltage magnitude and phase offset depicted indicates that LL or LG is being applied incorrectly.

[0039] In the examples presented herein, upon detecting a mismatch between input signals, output signals, and / or feedback signals (e.g., between the applied voltage signal and a predetermined voltage signal configuration), the controller can perform data analysis to identify the problem and notify the end user of potential conflicts or faults, and propose modifications to existing settings of the configuration parameters. As an example, the voltage signal can be compared to the rated voltage, the supplied voltage ratio, and the current signal to aid in diagnosing potential electrical and / or mechanical problems, such as accurately identifying those signals associated with incorrect wiring.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for analyzing transformer types according to an example embodiment. At step 802 of process 800, the controller may acquire a set of simulated power supply side voltage phase signals and a set of simulated line side voltage phase signals. At step 804, power supply side voltage transformer type information and line side voltage transformer type information are acquired. At step 806, at least some of the acquired signals and voltage transformer type information can be used to perform voltage transformer type analysis. Finally, at step 808, appropriate actions can be taken based on the analysis results.

[0041] Typically, isolation voltage transformers are used to measure voltage in high-voltage systems. These transformers provide a safe and proportionally reduced characterization of the actual voltage in the power lines. In an example implementation, an inappropriate setting of the input voltage transformer ratio can be detected and, for example, distinguished from incorrect selection of line-to-line (LL) or line-to-ground (LG) voltage transformers. Typically, LL voltage is measured by bridging the transformer across two lines (i.e., two phases), while LG voltage is measured by connecting the transformer between the line and the ground connection or neutral point to measure the voltage phase relative to a reference ground. As is known in the art, for line-to-line voltage, the phase angle difference between voltage waveforms in a balanced three-phase system is 120 degrees. In contrast, line-to-ground voltage has a varying phase relationship depending on the system design. In an example implementation, this relationship can be used to identify the type of AC voltage present in the system.

[0042] When only a power supply-side voltage transformer is available, the type of voltage transformer in the system can be determined by comparing the zero-crossing points of the voltage and current signals. For example... Figure 9 As shown, it illustrates a graph 900 comparing the line-to-ground voltage 902 with the transformer current 904 according to an example embodiment. The LG voltage transformer will exhibit a voltage zero-crossing point offset by 90 degrees relative to the current zero-crossing point. Conversely, as Figure 10As shown, it illustrates a graph 1000 comparing line-to-line voltage 1002 with transformer current 1004 according to an example embodiment, where the LL voltage transformer will exhibit a voltage zero-crossing point 60 degrees away from the current zero-crossing point.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process for analyzing transformer type according to an example embodiment. The controller may acquire a set of analog power supply side voltage phase signals and a set of analog current transformer signals at step 1102 of process 1100, and acquire power supply side voltage transformer type information at step 1104. For example, the type of the voltage signal may be detected as a line-to-line signal or a line-to-ground signal. At step 1106, at least some of the acquired voltage phase signals and current transformer signals may be used to perform voltage transformer type analysis. Finally, at step 1108, based on the analysis results, an action may be performed.

[0044] Figure 12 A multiphase AC power system according to an example embodiment is illustrated. System 1200 may include a controller 1202, a power-side voltage transformer (e.g., 1204) for measuring the power supply-side voltage (e.g., 1206), a load-side voltage transformer (e.g., 1214) for measuring the load-side voltage, an auxiliary current transformer (e.g., 1220), an output coil (e.g., 1232), a transformer 1234, circuit breaker poles (e.g., 1236), and auxiliary switch connections (e.g., 1230) for switching relative to the main contacts of the circuit breaker. As shown, Figure 12 The controller 1202 in the middle can receive, for example, the following at the corresponding interface: a closing command 1240; an input current 1242; a coil output signal 1244; a load-side voltage 1216; a power supply-side voltage 1246; and an auxiliary switch input signal 1210.

[0045] The controller 1202 can also be coupled to any number of devices and tools, such as memory and processors that perform one or more functions and process steps as described in the accompanying drawings presented herein.

[0046] Figure 13Multiple physical systems networked to a management device according to an example implementation are illustrated. One or more physical systems 1321 (e.g., transformers, switches, etc.) are communicatively coupled to a network 1320 (e.g., a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN)) via corresponding network interfaces of physical systems 1321. Network 1320 is connected to a management device 1322, which is configured to support the functionality of a controller for physical systems 1321. Depending on the desired implementation, one or more systems 1321 may be associated with sensors. Management device 1322 manages a database 1323 containing historical data collected from sensor systems of each physical system 1321. In an alternative example implementation, data from the sensor systems of physical system 1321 may be stored in a central repository or central database, such as a proprietary database from physical system 1321 or a system such as an enterprise resource planning system, and management device 1322 may access or retrieve data from the central repository or central database. The sensor system of physical system 1321 may include any type of sensor to support the desired implementation and provide internal state machine data, such as thermometers, hygrometers, sensors, etc. As described herein, management device 1322 may also be connected to one or more cameras (not shown) to monitor the external state of the machines in physical system 1321.

[0047] Figure 14 An example computing device suitable for use in some example implementations is shown (e.g. Figure 13 The example computing environment (management device 1322) supports the functionality of a controller for a switching system. The computing device 1405 in the computing environment 1400 may include one or more processing units, cores or processors 1410, memory 1415 (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), etc.), internal storage devices 1420 (e.g., magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices, and / or organic storage devices), and / or input / output (I / O) interfaces 1425, any of which may be coupled to a communication mechanism or bus 1430 for transmitting information or embedded in the computing device 1405.

[0048] Computing device 1405 may be communicatively coupled to input / user interface 1435 and output device / interface 1440. Either or both of input / user interface 1435 and output device / interface 1440 may be wired or wireless and may be detachable. Input / user interface 1435 may include any physical or virtual device, component, sensor, or interface (e.g., button, touchscreen interface, keyboard, pointing / cursor control, microphone, camera, Braille, motion sensor, optical reader, etc.) that can be used to provide input. Output device / interface 1440 may include a display, television, monitor, printer, speaker, Braille, etc. In some example embodiments, input / user interface 1435 and output device / interface 1440 may be embedded in or physically coupled to computing device 1405. In other example embodiments, other computing devices may be used as the input / user interface 1435 and output device / interface 1440 of computing device 1405, or provide the functions of the input / user interface 1435 and output device / interface 1440 of computing device 1405.

[0049] Examples of computing devices 1405 may include highly mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, devices in vehicles and other machines, devices carried by people and animals, etc.), mobile devices (e.g., tablets, laptops, laptops, personal computers, portable televisions, radios, etc.), and devices not designed for mobility (e.g., desktop computers, other computers, kiosks, televisions, radios, etc. embedded with one or more processors and / or coupled to one or more processors).

[0050] Computing device 1405 may (e.g., via I / O interface 1425) be communicatively coupled to external storage device 1445 and network 1450 for communicating with any number of networked components, devices, and systems (including one or more computing devices with the same or different configurations). Computing device 1405 or any connected computing device may function as a server, client, thin server, general-purpose machine, special-purpose machine, or another label, providing services as a server, client, thin server, general-purpose machine, special-purpose machine, or another label, or be referred to as a server, client, thin server, general-purpose machine, special-purpose machine, or another label.

[0051] I / O interface 1425 may include wired and / or wireless interfaces using any communication protocol or standard or I / O protocol or standard (e.g., Ethernet, 802.11x, Universal System Bus, WiMax, modem, cellular network protocol, etc.) for transmitting information to and / or from at least all connected components, devices, and networks in computing environment 1400. Network 1450 may be any network or combination of networks (e.g., Internet, local area network, wide area network, telephone network, cellular network, satellite network, etc.).

[0052] The computing device 1405 may use computer-usable or computer-readable media (including transient and non-transient media) and / or use them for communication. Transient media include transmission media (e.g., metal cables, optical fibers), signals, carrier waves, etc. Non-transient media include magnetic media (e.g., magnetic disks and magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., CD ROMs, digital video disks, Blu-ray discs), solid-state media (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, solid-state storage devices), and other non-volatile storage devices or memories.

[0053] Computing device 1405 can be used to implement techniques, methods, applications, processes, or computer-executable instructions in some example computing environments. Computer-executable instructions can be retrieved from a transient medium and stored on and retrieved from a non-transient medium. Executable instructions can originate from one or more of any programming, scripting, and machine languages ​​(e.g., C, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic, Python, Perl, JavaScript, etc.).

[0054] One or more processors 1410 can execute under any operating system in a native or virtual environment. One or more applications can be deployed, including a logic unit 1460, an application programming interface (API) unit 1465, an input unit 1470, an output unit 1475, and an inter-unit communication mechanism 1495 for communication between different units, with the OS, and with other applications (not shown). The described units and elements may vary in design, function, configuration, or implementation, and are not limited to the description provided. One or more processors 1410 may be in the form of a hardware processor such as a central processing unit (CPU), or a combination of hardware and software units.

[0055] In some example implementations, when API unit 1465 receives information or execution instructions, the information or execution instructions can be transmitted to one or more other units (e.g., logic unit 1460, input unit 1470, output unit 1475). In some of the example implementations described above, in some cases, logic unit 1460 can be configured to control the information flow between the units and direct the services provided by API unit 1465, input unit 1470, and output unit 1475. For example, the flow of one or more processes or implementations can be controlled by logic unit 1460 alone or in combination with API unit 1465. Input unit 1470 can be configured to acquire input for the calculations described in the example implementations, and output unit 1475 can be configured to provide output based on the calculations described in the example implementations.

[0056] One or more processors 1410 may be configured to execute methods or instructions relating to generating interrupt, fault warning, or remapping signals in response to receiving measurement data, and analyzing phase relationships based on the measurement data, wherein one or more processors 1410 may execute the method to detect whether the voltage signal is a line-to-line signal or a line-to-ground signal, as referenced. Figures 5 to 11 As described above. Measurements can be performed in real time, for example, via a voltage transformer or a current transformer, as referenced. Figure 12 As stated above.

[0057] For example, refer to Figure 3 The processor 1410 may be configured to execute methods or instructions involving the analysis of diagnostic data (such as waveform data, sensor data) to detect trends or patterns in the data, for example by using electrical characteristics such as harmonics, and to compare associated phase data with predetermined data, such as model data, data expected according to a pattern, rated data, or a ratio of diagnostic data.

[0058] One or more processors 1410 may also be configured to execute methods or instructions involving the analysis of diagnostic data (such as the phase relationship between voltage and current and other electrical characteristics including feedback data) to determine the presence of phase misalignment. Based on the determination, one or more processors 1410 may transmit instructions to components in the multiphase AC power system, such as protection or interlocking relays coupled to a load (e.g., a generator or transformer), to initiate action, as described in reference... Figures 3 to 5 As stated above.

[0059] Some parts of the detailed description are presented based on the algorithms and symbolic representations of operations within the computer. These algorithmic descriptions and symbolic representations are means used by those skilled in the art of data processing to communicate their innovative nature to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is a series of defined steps that lead to a desired final state or result. In the example implementation, the steps performed require physical manipulation of tangible quantities to achieve a tangible result.

[0060] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it should be understood, as is apparent from the discussion, that throughout the specification, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “calculating,” “operating,” “determining,” and “displaying” may include the actions and processes of a computing system or other information processing apparatus that manipulates and converts data represented as physical (electronic) quantities in the registers and memories of the computing system into other data, which are similarly represented as physical quantities in the memory or registers or other information storage, transmission, or display apparatus of the computing system.

[0061] The exemplary embodiments may also relate to apparatus for performing the operations described herein. This apparatus may be specifically constructed for the desired purpose, or it may comprise one or more general-purpose computers selectively activated or reconfigured by one or more computer programs. Such computer programs may be stored in a computer-readable medium, such as a computer-readable storage medium or a computer-readable signal medium. Computer-readable storage media may relate to tangible media, such as optical discs, magnetic disks, read-only memory, random access memory, solid-state devices, and drives, or any other type of tangible or non-transitory medium suitable for storing electronic information. Computer-readable signal media may include media such as carrier waves. The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other device. The computer program may relate to a purely software implementation that relates to instructions for performing the operations of the desired implementation.

[0062] Various general-purpose systems can be used with the programs and modules illustrated herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized devices to perform the desired method steps. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiments are described without reference to any particular programming language. It should be understood that the teachings of the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented using various programming languages. Instructions in one or more programming languages ​​can be executed by one or more processing devices (e.g., CPU, processor, or controller).

[0063] As is known in the art, the above operations can be performed by hardware, software, or some combination of software and hardware. Various aspects of the example embodiments can be implemented using circuitry and logic devices (hardware), while others can be implemented using instructions stored on a machine-readable medium (software), which, if executed by a processor, will cause the processor to perform methods for implementing the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, some example embodiments of this application can be performed solely in hardware, while others can be performed solely in software. Moreover, the various functions described can be performed in a single unit, or they can be distributed across multiple components in any number of ways. When executed by software, the method can be executed by a processor such as a general-purpose computer based on instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. If desired, the instructions can be stored in the medium in a compressed and / or encrypted format.

[0064] Furthermore, other embodiments of this application will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the teachings of the application documents and practice. Various aspects and / or components of the described exemplary embodiments may be used individually or in any combination. The application documents and exemplary embodiments are intended to be considered merely illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A predictive diagnostic method for a multiphase AC power system, the multiphase AC power system including a controlled switching device, the method comprising: For each phase of the multiphase AC power system, diagnostic data including at least one set of analog signals is acquired, wherein the set of analog signals includes one or more feedback signals; The diagnostic data is used to determine a set of electrical characteristics comprising a set of phase angles, each phase angle being associated with voltage or current; The set of phase angles is used to determine a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current; Assess whether the phase relationships in the set of phase relationships indicate phase misalignment; as well as In response to determining that the phase misalignment exists, one or more commands are transmitted to one or more components in the multiphase AC power system to initiate an action.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Transmitting the one or more instructions includes at least one of generating an interrupt, a fault warning, or a remapping signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The set of phase angles is used to determine the phase rotation error indicating a fault in the wiring.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the phase relationship involves comparing the phase relationships between all phases in the system.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the phase relationship involves comparing waveform data from at least one line-side voltage transformer and one load-side voltage transformer with current waveform data to identify phase rotation.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The phase misalignment refers to the deviation from the predetermined phase relationship.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the phase relationship includes determining the time difference between waveforms, which include at least one of voltage or current.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The measurement includes detecting whether the voltage signal is a line-to-line signal or a line-to-ground signal.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing real-time measurement via at least one of a voltage transformer or a current transformer.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising analyzing the diagnostic data to detect trends or patterns in the diagnostic data.

11. A multiphase AC power system, comprising: The controller includes one or more processors; as well as A set of switching devices coupled to one or more processors, each switching device including an electromechanical component controlled by the controller to disconnect and close phases of the multiphase AC power system, the controller performing steps including the following: For each phase of the multiphase AC power system, diagnostic data including at least one set of analog signals is acquired, wherein the set of analog signals includes one or more feedback signals; The diagnostic data is used to determine a set of electrical characteristics comprising a set of phase angles, each phase angle being associated with voltage or current; The set of phase angles is used to determine a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current; Assess whether the phase relationships in the set of phase relationships indicate phase misalignment; as well as In response to determining that the phase misalignment exists, one or more commands are transmitted to one or more components in the multiphase AC power system to initiate an action.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein, Determining the electrical characteristics involves analyzing a set of waveforms.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The set of waveforms was acquired from a set of sensors.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein, The set of sensors includes at least one of a voltage transformer or a current transformer.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein, The voltage transformer or the current transformer is an electrical isolation device.

16. The system according to claim 11, wherein, The electrical characteristics include harmonics that indicate phase mismatch.

17. The system of claim 11, further comprising comparing phase data associated with the input signal with predetermined data, said predetermined data including at least one of model data, data expected according to a pattern, rated data, or a ratio of said diagnostic data.

18. The system according to claim 11, wherein, The one or more components include a generator or a transformer.

19. A controller for a multiphase AC power system, the controller comprising: Memory; as well as One or more processors, coupled to the memory, perform the following steps: For each phase of the multiphase AC power system, diagnostic data including at least one set of analog signals is acquired, wherein the set of analog signals includes one or more feedback signals; The diagnostic data is used to determine a set of electrical characteristics comprising a set of phase angles, each phase angle being associated with voltage or current; The set of phase angles is used to determine a set of phase relationships between voltages, between currents, or between voltage and current; Assess whether the phase relationships in the set of phase relationships indicate phase misalignment; as well as In response to determining that the phase misalignment exists, one or more commands are transmitted to one or more components in the multiphase AC power system to initiate an action.

Images