Multiple access communication devices and methods based on payload bit selection of time-frequency resource units

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting device is configured to: acquire a payload comprising a sequence of B bits, where B is a positive integer; extract m bits from the sequence of B bits, where m is a positive integer less than B; identify a user group index based on the extracted m bits, wherein the transmitting device is a user in the user group identified by the user group index; encode the sequence of B–m bits to obtain an encoded signal; allocate a set of resource units from T available time-frequency resource units based on the identified user group index, where T is a positive integer; and transmit the encoded signal using the set of resource units. This disclosure also provides a corresponding receiving device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to a transceiver design for implementing multiple access communication in massive machine-type communications (mMTC) environments, including applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) field. This disclosure addresses the inherent challenges of scenarios where a large number of transmitters simultaneously send messages to a single multi-antenna receiver via frequency-selective channels, focusing on improving the efficiency and reliability of such communications through novel modulation and signal processing techniques. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication technologies have evolved to support a wide range of applications, from personal communication devices to IoT applications, which require data transmission from numerous devices in complex and often challenging environments. A key aspect of this development is the creation of efficient and reliable multiple access communication methods, especially in scenarios with dense transmission devices, such as in mMTC (massive machine-type communication) environments. These environments necessitate technologies capable of handling large numbers of simultaneous transmissions without compromising communication quality or reliability.

[0003] Unlicensed access methods (where devices transmit data without prior authorization from the base station) are crucial for reducing latency and overhead in mMTC. However, in these scenarios, the randomness and simultaneity of transmission exacerbate the challenges of multi-user interference and signal separation at the receiver, especially under multipath frequency-selective channel conditions common in wireless communications.

[0004] Tensor-based modulation (TBM) has emerged as a promising approach. TBM encodes transmitted symbols into rank-1 tensors, enabling efficient user separation and signal demapping using tensor decomposition techniques. Despite its advantages, the performance of traditional TBM is limited in dynamic channel environments with multipath propagation, leading to correlations that disrupt the uncorrelated signals of the rank-1 tensor structure and reduce the effectiveness of signal separation at the receiver.

[0005] Furthermore, existing TBM frameworks are primarily designed for block fading channel models, which cannot accurately capture the dynamics of multipath propagation. This mismatch between assumed channel models and actual channel models further exacerbates the problem, limiting the ability of TBMs to provide robust solutions for unlicensed, large-scale random access in the context of mMTC and IoT communications.

[0006] To address these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop modulation schemes to overcome the challenges posed by multipath frequency-selective channels, thereby ensuring efficient, reliable, and scalable wireless communication in a future dominated by IoT and mMTC applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Given the limitations of the foregoing discussion, this disclosure aims to introduce an improved method and system for transceiver design to enhance the robustness and efficiency of multiple access communication in scenarios such as mMTC and IoT. One objective is to provide methods and systems for designing to extend the applicability and efficiency of TBMs for unlicensed, massive random access. Another objective is to provide a robust modulation scheme to enhance the capacity, reliability, and spectral efficiency of mMTC systems.

[0008] These or other objectives can be achieved by the solutions provided in this disclosure in the appended independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0009] A first aspect of this disclosure provides a transmitting device for: acquiring a payload, wherein the payload includes... B A sequence of bits, wherein, B It is a positive integer; from B Extracting from a sequence of bits m bits, of which m Less than B Positive integers; based on extraction m Each bit identifies the user group index, where the transmitting device is a user within the user group identified by the user group index; For B–m The sequence of bits is encoded to obtain the encoded signal; the user group index based on the identifier is obtained from... T A set of resource units is allocated from the available time-frequency resource units, wherein... T It is a positive integer; the encoded signal is sent using the resource unit set.

[0010] This disclosure provides a transmitter-side design for passive large-scale unlicensed random access in the context of multipath frequency-selective channels. The transmitting device takes a bit sequence as input and outputs a vector to be transmitted. The main idea is to use extracted... m Each message from a specific user is marked with a bit so that the user can be identified as belonging to a certain user group.

[0011] In one implementation of the first aspect, the transmitting device is further configured to use a TBM encoder to... B–m A sequence of bits is encoded to obtain an encoded signal.

[0012] In a specific example, the provided transmitting device is based on TBM modulation.

[0013] In one implementation of the first aspect, in order to use the TBM encoder to... B–mThe transmitting device is also used to encode a bit sequence and to: encode the bit sequence using a forward error correction encoder. B–m The sequence of bits is encoded to generate a sequence of encoded bits; the sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; the multiple subsequences are modulated to generate multiple encoded subsequences; and an encoded signal is generated based on the multiple encoded subsequences.

[0014] In one implementation of the first aspect, the transmitting device is further configured to modulate each of the plurality of subsequences using a corresponding incoherent constellation modulator to generate a coded subsequence, wherein each coded subsequence is a symbol vector.

[0015] In one implementation of the first aspect, the transmitting device is also used to generate the encoded signal by calculating the Kronecker product of multiple symbol vectors.

[0016] In one implementation of the first aspect, the transmitting device is further configured to map the encoded signal to a set of resource units according to a mapping function and a user group index.

[0017] It is understandable that the mapping function takes the encoded signal as input and knows the user. k With index q The user group is associated with each element of the encoded signal, which is mapped to a resource cell in the time-frequency grid drawn for that user group.

[0018] In one implementation of the first aspect, the set of resource units allocated to the user group index includes a set of continuous frequency subcarriers.

[0019] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a receiving device for acquiring a plurality of user group-specific signals from a received signal based on a plurality of user group indices, wherein each user group-specific signal is for a user group identified by a user group index; and decomposing each user group-specific signal into a plurality of user-specific signals, wherein each user-specific signal is for a corresponding user in the user group; Decode the specific signal for each user to obtain the decoded sequence; generate the decoded payload for the corresponding user based on the decoded sequence and user group index.

[0020] This disclosure also provides a receiving device for estimating the transmitted bit sequence based on a received signal damaged by a frequency-selective channel.

[0021] In one implementation of the second aspect, the receiving device is further configured to decompose each user group-specific signal into multiple user-specific signals using a multipath alternating least squares (MP-ALS) algorithm, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal comprises multiple subsequences.

[0022] An important aspect of the receiving equipment is the new tensor decomposition algorithm, called MP-ALS or Multipath Alternating Least Squares. This algorithm is specifically designed to address the challenges posed by severe multipath channels, meaning it excels at handling cases involving highly correlated rank-1 tensors.

[0023] In one implementation of the second aspect, the MP-ALS algorithm is parameterized by the estimated channel delay spread and the estimated multipath quantity.

[0024] In one implementation of the second aspect, in order to decode each user-specific signal, the receiving device is further configured to: estimate a user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal; perform phase offset correction on each of the multiple subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; demap each phase-offset corrected subsequence to obtain multiple demapped subsequences; merge the multiple demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; decode the user-specific sequence and verify the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence.

[0025] In one implementation of the second aspect, the receiving device is further configured to: generate a reconstructed signal based on a plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified; and perform interference cancellation iterations on the plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified based on the reconstructed signal.

[0026] Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can be performed to verify the integrity of the decoded data. Iterative processing via successive interference cancellation (SIC) can also be performed to progressively decode and reconstruct the signal for each user.

[0027] In one implementation of the second aspect, the receiving device is further configured to: determine based on the user group index m A sequence of bits; m A sequence of bits is combined with a decoded user-specific sequence to generate the decoded payload for each user.

[0028] The correctly decoded binary sequence is the same as the one previously used for user group identification. m The bits are combined to generate the decoded payload.

[0029] In one implementation of the second aspect, the receiving device is further configured to: for each user group, obtain a user group-specific signal through resource demapping, such that the user group-specific signal corresponds to a received signal on the resource unit set of the user group, wherein the resource unit set is obtained at the transmitting device based on the user group index. T One available time-frequency resource unit is allocated to the user group.

[0030] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a method performed by a transmitting device, the method comprising: acquiring a payload, wherein the payload includes... B A sequence of bits, wherein, B It is a positive integer; from B Extracting from a sequence of bits m bits, of which m Less than B Positive integers; based on extraction m Each bit identifies the user's group index, where the sending device is the user in the user group identified by the user group index; for B – m The sequence of bits is encoded to obtain the encoded signal; the user group index based on the identifier is obtained from... T A set of resource units is allocated from the available time-frequency resource units, wherein... T It is a positive integer; the encoded signal is sent using the resource unit set.

[0031] In one implementation of the third aspect, the method also includes using a TBM encoder. B – m A sequence of bits is encoded to obtain an encoded signal.

[0032] In one implementation of the third aspect, a TBM encoder is used. B – m Encoding a sequence of bits includes: using a forward error correction encoder to... B – m The sequence of bits is encoded to generate a sequence of encoded bits; the sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; the multiple subsequences are modulated to generate multiple encoded subsequences; and an encoded signal is generated based on the multiple encoded subsequences.

[0033] The implementation of the third aspect can correspond to the implementation of the transmitting device described in the first aspect above. The third aspect and its implementation achieve the same advantages and effects as the transmitting device described in the first aspect and its implementation above.

[0034] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a method performed by a receiving device, the method comprising: obtaining a plurality of user group-specific signals from a received signal based on a plurality of user group indices, wherein each user group-specific signal is for a user group identified by the user group index; decomposing each user group-specific signal into a plurality of user-specific signals, wherein each user-specific signal is associated with a corresponding user in the user group; decoding each user-specific signal to obtain a decoded sequence; and generating a decoded payload for a corresponding user based on the decoded sequence and the user group index.

[0035] In one implementation of the fourth aspect, the method further includes: using a multipath alternating least squares algorithm to decompose each user group-specific signal into multiple user-specific signals, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal comprises multiple subsequences.

[0036] In one implementation of the fourth aspect, decoding each user-specific signal includes: estimating a user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal; performing phase offset correction on each of the multiple subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; demapping each phase-off corrected subsequence to obtain multiple demapped subsequences; merging the multiple demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; decoding the user-specific sequence and verifying the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence.

[0037] The implementation of the fourth aspect can correspond to the implementation of the receiving device described in the second aspect above. The fourth aspect and its implementation achieve the same advantages and effects as the receiving device described in the second aspect and its implementation above.

[0038] The fifth aspect of this disclosure provides a computer program product comprising program code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform a method according to the third aspect and any implementation thereof, or the fourth aspect and any implementation thereof.

[0039] A sixth aspect of this disclosure provides a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method according to the third aspect and any implementation thereof, or a method according to the fourth aspect and any implementation thereof.

[0040] It should be noted that all devices, elements, units, and components described in this application can be implemented by software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. All steps performed by the various entities described in this application, and the functions to be performed by the various entities described, are intended to refer to the respective entities performing the respective steps and functions. Although the specific functions or steps performed by external entities are not reflected in the detailed descriptions of the specific elements of the entities performing the specific steps or functions in the following descriptions of specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that these methods and functions can be implemented by corresponding software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The following description of specific embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates various aspects and implementations of the present disclosure, wherein: Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a transmitting device provided in an embodiment; Figure 2The structure of the multipath TBM encoder provided in this disclosure embodiment is shown; Figure 3 A block diagram of a state-of-the-art TBM encoder is shown; Figure 4 A receiving device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 5 The structure of the multipath TBM decoder provided in this disclosure embodiment is shown; Figure 6 A block diagram of a state-of-the-art TBM decoder is shown; Figure 7 The architecture of the multipath TBM transmitter for the k-th user provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 8 This illustrates the general architecture of a user group mapper provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 9 This illustrates the signal mapping provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 The architecture of the multipath TBM receiver for the q-th user block provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 11 The method provided by the embodiments of this disclosure is illustrated; Figure 12 The method provided by an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the transmitting device, receiving device, and corresponding methods. While this description provides detailed examples of possible implementations, it should be noted that these details are intended to be exemplary and do not limit the scope of this application.

[0043] Furthermore, one embodiment or example may refer to multiple other embodiments or examples. For instance, any descriptions mentioned in one embodiment or example, including but not limited to terms, elements, processes, explanations, and / or technical advantages, may also be applicable to multiple other embodiments or examples.

[0044] Figure 1 A transmitting device 100 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0045] Transmitting device 100 may include processing circuitry (not shown) for performing, conducting, or initiating various operations of transmitting device 100 as described herein. The processing circuitry may include hardware and software. Hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. Digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. Transmitting device 100 may also include memory circuitry storing one or more instructions that can be executed by a processor or processing circuitry (specifically, under software control). For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by a processor or processing circuitry, causes transmitting device 100 to perform various operations. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry includes one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes transmitting device 100 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0046] The transmitting device 100 is configured to: acquire a payload 101, wherein the payload 101 includes... B A sequence of bits, wherein, B It is a positive integer; from B Extracting from a sequence of 101 bits m 1011 bits, of which, m Less than B Positive integers; based on extraction m Bit 1011 identifies user group index 1012. It should be noted that the transmitting device 100 is a user within the user group identified by user group index 1012. The transmitting device 100 is also used for... B – m The sequence 102 bits is encoded to obtain the encoded signal 103; the user group index 1012 (indicated by the dashed arrow) is used to... T A set of resource units is allocated from the available time-frequency resource units, wherein... T It is a positive integer; the encoded signal 103 is sent using the resource unit set.

[0047] The purpose of this disclosure is to address the transmitter and receiver design problems in the context of passive large-scale unlicensed random access in the context of multipath frequency-selective channels. It is understood that frequency-selective channels are the result of many propagation phenomena, such as received signal delay spread, beam skew, and terahertz propagation due to multipath propagation (urban areas and indoor environments). This embodiment provides a transmitter design that... B The input is a sequence of bits, and the output is an encoded signal.

[0048] Specifically, this embodiment is based on the TBM signaling architecture. The transmitting device 100 can also be used to transmit signals using the TBM encoder 104. B–m The sequence of bits 102 is encoded to obtain the encoded signal 103. Figure 2 A general description of the encoder designed according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0049] It can be seen that generating and sending signals for each user follows three main steps: (i) From B Extract from a binary message of 101 bits m 1011 bits are used to identify the user group. q This allows the application of the mapping function M. q ; (ii) Use the remaining B–m One bit 102 is used as the input to the "TBM encoder" 104, using ( ( ) physical resources, i.e., a set of resource units; (iii) Using the mapping function M q Map the signal emitted by TBM encoder 104 and assign the symbol output vector to T A physical resource, namely T One available time-frequency resource unit.

[0050] The set of resource units allocated to the user group index may include a set of consecutive frequency subcarriers. Mapping M will be discussed in the latter part of this application. q Examples.

[0051] It should be noted that the "Divider" box can be considered as a parameter or input, that is, used to identify user groups. m A list of indices for bits. An example of this type of index list is the first bit of a payload of 101. m A bit-based index. The transmitter and receiver know the complete list of potential indices in advance.

[0052] At the transmitter level, it's important to emphasize that extraction is used. mThe use of individual bits to label each message is a crucial process that ensures messages are categorized into specific user groups (“user group identifiers”). It's worth noting that the term “user group” is not based on a user index (in...). Figure 2 The Chinese character is represented as Instead of being identified by a ) identifier, it uses the extracted user payload. m A bit identifier, for example, its first bit m 1 bit.

[0053] It needs to be emphasized that, although the former m The single bit is presented as a basic implementation example, but the concept is flexible and can be adapted to many other configurations. For example, in addition to extracting the first bit... m Bits or later m In addition to individual bits, the use of message middleware can also be considered. m One bit, randomly selected in the message m Each bit, or even pattern-based selection following predefined rules or sequences. m One bit. This choice m The diversity of individual bits can support a wide range of implementation strategies to adapt to different requirements and environments.

[0054] Send a signal after user grouping. That is, the encoded signal 103 is represented as: M q ( ) M q ( ) in: For users exist Signals mapped to a resource ( ) is a rank-1 tensor emitted by the TBM encoder. M q It is a user group mapping (to a higher dimension) function. ( ),user The The source symbol vector originates from a given incoherent subconstellation. It should be noted here that... .

[0055] It should be noted that the encoded signal 103 can be composed of encoded symbols or various other types of symbols.

[0056] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the transmitting device 100 can also be used to map the encoded signal 103 to a resource unit set according to a mapping function and a user group index 1012.

[0057] To facilitate understanding of this application, TBM modulation is further explained here. Transmitted symbols coded using TBM modulation can be viewed as rank-1 tensors. The receiver uses tensor decomposition to separate users, which supports convenient multi-user separation and single-user demapping. A limitation of this scheme is that the signaling scheme is designed for block fading channels.

[0058] Figure 3 A block diagram of a TBM encoder is shown. Specifically, the box "FEC encoder" is labeled with the user... The message you want to send (i.e.) B The input consists of a sequence of d bits, and the output is a sequence of encoded bits. This sequence is then divided into d bit subsequences, each of which is a box "incoherent sub-stellar". The input is "", where, The box labeled "Incoherent Sub-constellations" "It is an incoherent modulator that outputs a symbol vector, denoted as..." Finally, the box “rank-1 tensor” contains all symbol vectors. As input, and output these vectors (represented as) T The Kronecker product of (dimensional symbolic vectors) (represented as) Then, the symbol vector will be assigned to... T On OFDM physical resources.

[0059] It should be noted that, Figure 2 The TBM encoder 104 of the transmitting device 100 shown can be Figure 3 The TBM encoder shown.

[0060] In a particular embodiment of this disclosure, in order to use the TBM encoder 104 to... B–m The transmitting device 100 can also be used to encode a sequence of 102 bits, and can also be used to: encode using an FEC encoder. B – m The sequence of bits 102 is encoded to generate a sequence of encoded bits; the sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; the multiple subsequences are modulated to generate multiple encoded subsequences; and an encoded signal 103 is generated based on the multiple encoded subsequences.

[0061] It is possible that an FEC encoder may include a bit interleaver and a bit scrambler. Therefore, encoding processes performed using an FEC encoder may also include bit interleaver and bit scrambling.

[0062] Optionally, the transmitting device 100 can also be used to modulate each of the multiple subsequences using a corresponding incoherent constellation modulator to generate a coded subsequence, wherein each coded subsequence is a symbol vector.

[0063] Within the scope of this disclosure, the following notation is considered: It represents the number of active users per antenna, randomly moving within a large set of K users, transmitting B bits of message using T physical resources. Each active user transmits its signal to a single receiver with N antennas via frequency-selective channels through L paths. This signal is represented by a T-dimensional vector, denoted as... , It is an OFDM modulated signal, actually a sequence of S OFDM symbols. Each OFDM symbol is distributed across F subcarriers, forming a signal allocated to... of One physical time-frequency resource unit.

[0064] Optionally, the transmitting device 100 can also be used to generate the encoded signal 103 by calculating the Kronecker product of multiple symbol vectors.

[0065] This disclosure also provides a receiver design that estimates the transmitted bit sequence based on the received signal corrupted by a frequency-selective channel. Figure 4 A receiving device 400 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0066] The receiving device 400 may include processing circuitry (not shown) for performing, conducting, or initiating various operations of the receiving device 400 described herein. The processing circuitry may include hardware and software. The hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. The digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. The receiving device 400 may also include memory circuitry storing one or more instructions that can be executed by a processor or processing circuitry (specifically, under the control of software). For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by a processor or processing circuitry, causes the receiving device 400 to perform various operations. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry includes one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the receiving device 400 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0067] The receiving device 400 is configured to acquire multiple user group-specific signals 402 from the received signal 401 based on multiple user group indices, wherein each user group-specific signal 402 is for a user group identified by user group index 1012. The receiving device 400 is further configured to: decompose each user group-specific signal 402 into multiple user-specific signals 403, wherein each user-specific signal 403 is for a corresponding user in the user group; decode each user-specific signal 403 to obtain a decoded sequence 404; and generate a decoded payload 101 for the corresponding user based on the decoded sequence 404 and user group index 1012.

[0068] This embodiment provides a receiver design that estimates the transmitted bit sequence based on a received signal corrupted by a frequency-selective channel. More specifically, in L Frequency-selective channels with multiple paths N Received signals in the OFDM grid on each antenna ( ) is represented as:

[0069] in: Indicates the Kronecker product. This represents the Hadamard product (element-by-element). User The transmitted signal (rank-1 tensor) (This represents the set of complex numbers, where the superscript indicates the dimension of the associated vector / matrix). It is the steering vector (in the time domain), representing the first... Path to user The signal introduces a delay, therefore this vector is part of the channel model and cannot be controlled by the transmitter. It is channel gain. It's noise.

[0070] Figure 5 The structure of the provided receiving device 400 is shown. The decoding steps are the same for each group of users, summarized as follows: (i) For user groups q Perform demapping and provide user groups. q The received signal, (ii) Separate user group signals by performing tensor rank decomposition using the design-based MP-ALS algorithm.

[0071] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the receiving device 400 can also be used to: for each user group, obtain a user group-specific signal 402 through resource demapping, such that the user group-specific signal 402 corresponds to a received signal 401 on a resource unit set of the user group, wherein the resource unit set is obtained at the transmitting device 100 based on a user group index 1012. T One available time-frequency resource unit is allocated to the user group.

[0072] On the receiver side, an important aspect is the new tensor decomposition algorithm called MP-ALS, or Multipath Alternating Least Squares. This algorithm is specifically designed to address the challenges posed by severe multipath channels, meaning it excels at handling cases involving highly correlated rank-1 tensors.

[0073] For user index set Each user group in (the user index sets are disjoint) q Estimating that sending a signal is equivalent to solving an optimization problem:

[0074] in: It is the demapped received signal, i.e., the user group The received signal, It is sending a signal The estimate, It is the estimated channel. User group The number of restricted paths at the receiver It is the steering vector (in the time domain), representing the first... Path to user The delay introduced by the signal.

[0075] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, Figure 6 The architecture of a state-of-the-art TBM decoder is described. Specifically, Figure 6 A block diagram of a TBM decoder is shown. It illustrates the steps involved in decoding a received signal encoded using TBM.

[0076] The main components of a TBM receiver are as follows: rank Tensor Decomposition ALS: This box represents the algorithm responsible for decomposing the input signal into tensors, which is the first step in separating signals from different users.

[0077] Time skew correction: Each user's signal is corrected for any time alignment discrepancies, thus ensuring synchronization.

[0078] Demapper (LLR): After calibration, the signal undergoes a demapping process that converts the received signal into a log-likelihood ratio (LLR), which can be used for subsequent decoding.

[0079] FEC Decoder: The FEC decoder attempts to correct errors in the signal to ensure accurate data retrieval.

[0080] CRC check: Performs a cyclic redundancy check to verify the integrity of the decoded data.

[0081] The figure also illustrates the iterative processing performed via SIC to progressively decode and reconstruct the signal for each user, thereby obtaining the final decoded payload for each user #k.

[0082] The receiving device 400 introduced in this disclosure includes a TBM encoder and employs a newly provided tensor decomposition algorithm (MP-ALS) instead of the traditional rank-based algorithm. Tensor decomposition of ALS.

[0083] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the receiving device 400 can also be used to decompose each user group-specific signal 402 into multiple user-specific signals 403 using the MP-ALS algorithm, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal includes multiple subsequences.

[0084] Optionally, the MP-ALS algorithm is parameterized by the estimated channel delay spread and the estimated multipath quantity.

[0085] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, in order to decode each user-specific signal 403, the receiving device 400 may further be configured to: estimate a user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal 403; perform phase offset correction on each of a plurality of subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; demap each phase-offset corrected subsequence to obtain a plurality of demapped subsequences; merge the plurality of demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; decode the user-specific sequence and verify the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence.

[0086] Optionally, the receiving device 400 can also be used to: generate a reconstructed signal based on a plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified; and perform interference cancellation iterations on the plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified based on the reconstructed signal.

[0087] It should be noted that the receiving device 400 can also be used to: determine based on user group index 1012 m A sequence of 1011 bits; m A sequence of 1011 bits is combined with a decoded user-specific sequence 404 to generate a decoded payload 101 for each user.

[0088] Figure 7 The detailed structure of the transmitting device 100 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The illustrated embodiments are based on Figure 1 and Figure 2 The example shown.

[0089] Each user uses the payload ( (This refers to the function that rounds up) uses 10 bits to determine the index. The user group mapping function. This assignment supports a simple design where the receiver handles each group independently.

[0090] The encoding process includes: (i) Length is The channel coding of the binary sequence (i.e., sequence 102) gives a length of Channel-coded binary sequence, (ii) The binary channel coding sequence is divided into A block or subsequence, (iii) Each binary subsequence is encoded to be represented as defined Sub-constellations of discrete subsets The elements are represented by the encoded subsequence as , (iv) Output of a state-of-the-art TBM modulator It is a signal The Kronecker product.

[0091] Figure 8 The general architecture of the mapping process is shown, in which the mapping function M is applied. q . Figure 9 It shows the adoption of 4 user groups (i.e. A diagram illustrating the mapping of M. As shown in this example, the mapping function M... q ,by As input (known user) With index User group association), to As output, the signal Each element is mapped to a user group Resource cells in the plotted time-frequency grid. It should be noted that resource cells in the time-frequency grid can be allocated by multiple user groups.

[0092] Figure 10 The architecture of the receiving device 400 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 10 The illustrated embodiments are based on Figure 4 and Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment. Specifically, Figure 10 The decoder structure for decoding the q-th user group is shown. The complete decoder is available for all user groups. Perform this task (e.g.) Figure 5 (As shown).

[0093] The main decoding steps of the decoder for the q-th group of users are as follows: Step 1 – User Group Unmapping: Demap the signal of the corresponding user group to obtain the received signal. That is, user group specific signal 402.

[0094] Step 2 – Tensor Rank Decomposition: The tensor rank decomposition box uses the following as fixed parameters: Approximate delay spread at the receiver The number of restricted paths at the receiver. For each restricted path ( ),according to and Define the guiding vector .

[0095] The tensor rank decomposition box estimates the signal by solving the following MP-ALS formulation problem. That is, user-specific signal 403:

[0096] Step 3 – Phase Shift Correction and LLR Demapping: For each signal Phase offset correction is performed, followed by log-likelihood ratio (LLR) demodulation to recover the binary subsequence.

[0097] Step 4 – CRC Check: Merge previously restored A binary subsequence is obtained to get a A sequence of bits. On the acquired binary sequence, FEC decoding is performed, followed by CRC verification.

[0098] Step 5 – Reconstructing the signal: Reconstruct the correctly decoded signal This is so that it can be used in the next SIC iteration.

[0099] Step 6 – Merger: Compare the correctly decoded binary sequence 404 with the one previously used for user group identification. Bits merged.

[0100] It should be noted that on the receiver side, the "merger" box should be used to identify user groups. m A list of bit indices (i.e., the same list used by the transmitter) is considered as a parameter or input.

[0101] The general context of this disclosure can be summarized as follows: A group of (randomly radixed) users (i.e., transmitters) simultaneously transmit messages (by...) in a highly frequency-selective channel. B (a sequence representation of bits). Each message is modulated to map to... T On physical time-frequency resources T A sequence of symbols is generated and transmitted to a multi-antenna receiver. This disclosure solves the transceiver design problem under the described context, modulation scheme, and transmission conditions.

[0102] Figure 11 The method 1100 provided by embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. In a particular embodiment, method 1100 is performed by... Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 7 The method is performed by one of the transmitting devices 100 shown. Method 1100 includes: step 1101, acquiring a payload 101, wherein the payload 101 includes... BA sequence of bits, wherein, B It is a positive integer; Step 1102, from B Extracting from a sequence of 101 bits m 1011 bits, of which, m Less than B Positive integers; Step 1103, based on the extracted... m Bit 1011 identifies the user's user group index 1012, wherein the transmitting device 100 is a user in the user group identified by user group index 1012. Method 1100 further includes: step 1104, ... B – m The sequence of bits 102 is encoded to obtain the encoded signal 103; step 1105, based on the user group index 1012 of the identifier, from T A set of resource units is allocated from the available time-frequency resource units, wherein... T The integer is positive; in step 1106, the encoded signal 103 is sent using the resource unit set. It is possible that the encoded signal 103 is sent to... Figure 4 , Figure 5 or Figure 10 One of the receiving devices shown is the receiving device 400.

[0103] Optionally, in method 1100, a TBM encoder is used to... B – m The sequence of 102 bits is encoded.

[0104] Specifically, using a TBM encoder for B – m Encoding a sequence of bits includes: using an FEC encoder to... B – m The sequence of bits 102 is encoded to generate a sequence of encoded bits; the sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; the multiple subsequences are modulated to generate multiple encoded subsequences; and an encoded signal is generated based on the multiple encoded subsequences.

[0105] Optionally, method 1100 further includes modulating each of the plurality of subsequences using a corresponding incoherent constellation modulator to generate a coded subsequence, wherein each coded subsequence is a symbol vector.

[0106] Optionally, method 1100 further includes generating the encoded signal 103 by calculating the Kronecker product of multiple symbol vectors.

[0107] Optionally, method 1100 further includes mapping the encoded signal 103 to a set of resource units according to a mapping function and user group index 1012.

[0108] It is possible that the set of resource units allocated to the user group index includes a set of consecutive frequency subcarriers.

[0109] Figure 12 A method 1200 provided by an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. In a particular embodiment, method 1200 is performed by... Figure 4 , Figure 5 or Figure 10 The receiving device 400 shown in the figure performs the method 1200. The method includes: step 1201, obtaining a plurality of user group specific signals 402 from the received signal 401 based on a plurality of user group indices, wherein each user group specific signal 402 is for a user group identified by user group index 1012; step 1202, decomposing each user group specific signal 402 into a plurality of user specific signals 403, wherein each user specific signal 403 is associated with a corresponding user in the user group; step 1203, decoding each user specific signal 403 to obtain a decoded sequence 404; step 1204, generating a decoded payload 101 for the corresponding user based on the decoded sequence 404 and user group index 1012.

[0110] Optionally, in method 1200, the MP-ALS algorithm is used to decompose each user group-specific signal 402 into multiple user-specific signals 403, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal includes multiple subsequences.

[0111] It is possible that the MP-ALS algorithm is parameterized by the estimated channel delay spread and the estimated multipath quantity.

[0112] Optionally, the step 1203 of decoding each user-specific signal 403 includes: estimating a user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal 403; performing phase offset correction on each of the multiple subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; demapping each phase-off corrected subsequence to obtain multiple demapped subsequences; merging the multiple demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; decoding the user-specific sequence and verifying the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence.

[0113] Optionally, method 1200 further includes: generating a reconstructed signal based on a plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified; and performing interference elimination iterations on the plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified based on the reconstructed signal.

[0114] Optionally, method 1200 further includes: determining based on user group index 1012 m A sequence of 1011 bits; m A sequence of 1011 bits is combined with a decoded user-specific sequence 404 to generate a decoded payload 101 for each user.

[0115] Optionally, method 1200 further includes: for each user group, obtaining a user group-specific signal 402 through resource demapping, such that the user group-specific signal 402 corresponds to a received signal 401 on a resource unit set of the user group, wherein the resource unit set is obtained at the transmitting device 100 based on a user group index 1012. T One available time-frequency resource unit is allocated to the user group.

[0116] In summary, embodiments of this application provide user grouping and resource allocation on the transmitter side. Compared to using all physical resources for all users, this can support more users and also reduces the impact of channel frequency selectivity, thus providing better transmission performance for more users in the context of frequency-selective (and highly selective) channels. Embodiments of this application also provide an MP-ALS algorithm for user signal separation at the receiver side. This algorithm supports the separation of TBM-coded signals of highly correlated rank-1 tensors, thereby providing better decoding performance under frequency-selective (and highly selective) channels.

[0117] This disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments and implementations as examples. However, based on a study of the drawings, this disclosure, and the independent claims, those skilled in the art will be able to understand and implement other variations when practicing embodiments of the claimed invention. In the claims and the description, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the function of several entities or items listed in the claims. The listing of certain measures in dissimilar dependent claims does not imply that combinations of these measures cannot be effectively used.

[0118] Furthermore, any method according to embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in a computer program having code components, which, when run by a processing component, causes the processing component to perform method steps. The computer program is included in a computer-readable medium of the computer program product. The computer-readable medium can substantially include any memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), flash memory, electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), or a hard disk drive.

[0119] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the transmitting device 100 or the receiving device 400 include the necessary communication capabilities in the form of functions, modules, units, elements, etc., for executing the scheme. Other examples of such modules, units, elements, and functions include: processors, memories, buffers, control logic, encoders, decoders, rate matchers, de-rate matchers, mapping units, multipliers, decision units, selection units, switches, interleavers, deinterleavers, modulators, demodulators, inputs, outputs, antennas, amplifiers, receiving units, transmitting units, DSPs, trellis-coded modulation (TCM) encoders, TCM decoders, power supply units, power feeders, communication interfaces, communication protocols, etc., which are suitably arranged together to execute the scheme.

[0120] Specifically, for example, one or more processors of transmitting device 100 or receiving device 400 may include one or more instances of a central processing unit (CPU), processing unit, processing circuitry, processor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), microprocessor, or other processing logic capable of interpreting and executing instructions. Therefore, the term "processor" can refer to processing circuitry that includes multiple processing circuits, such as any, some, or all of the aforementioned processing circuitry. The processing circuitry can also perform data processing functions for inputting, outputting, and processing data, including data buffering and device control functions such as call processing control, user interface control, etc.

Claims

1. A transmitting device (100), characterized in that, Used for: Obtain the payload (101), wherein the payload (101) comprises a sequence of B bits, where B is a positive integer; Extract m bits (1011) from the sequence (101) of the B bits, where m is a positive integer less than B; The user group index (1012) is identified based on the extracted m bits (1011), wherein the transmitting device (100) is a user in the user group identified by the user group index (1012); Encode the sequence (102) of B minus m bits to obtain the encoded signal (103); Based on the user group index (1012) of the identifier, a set of resource units is allocated from T available time-frequency resource units, where T is a positive integer; The encoded signal (103) is transmitted using the set of resource units.

2. The transmitting device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Used for: The sequence (1012) of B minus m bits is encoded using a tensor-based modulation (TBM) encoder (104) to obtain the encoded signal (102).

3. The transmitting device (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, In order to encode the sequence (102) of B minus m bits using the TBM encoder (104), the transmitting device (100) is configured to: The sequence (102) of B minus m bits is encoded using a forward error correction encoder to generate a sequence of encoded bits; The sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; The plurality of subsequences are modulated to generate a plurality of coded subsequences; The encoded signal (103) is generated based on the plurality of encoded subsequences.

4. The transmitting device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, Used for: Each of the plurality of subsequences is modulated using a corresponding incoherent constellation modulator to generate an encoded subsequence, wherein each encoded subsequence is a symbol vector.

5. The transmitting device (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Used for: The encoded signal (103) is generated by calculating the Kronecker product of the plurality of symbol vectors.

6. The transmitting device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Used for: The encoded signal (103) is mapped to the resource unit set according to the mapping function and the user group index (1012).

7. The transmitting device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The set of resource units assigned to the user group index includes a set of continuous frequency subcarriers.

8. A receiving device (400), characterized in that, Used for: Multiple user group-specific signals (402) are obtained from the received signal (401) based on multiple user group indices, wherein each user group-specific signal (402) is for a user group identified by the user group index (1012); Each user group-specific signal (402) is decomposed into multiple user-specific signals (403), wherein each user-specific signal (403) is for a corresponding user in the user group; Decode each user-specific signal (403) to obtain the decoded sequence (404). Based on the decoded sequence (404) and the user group index (1012), a decoded payload (101) is generated for the corresponding user.

9. The receiving device (400) according to claim 8, characterized in that, Used for: Each user group-specific signal (402) is decomposed into multiple user-specific signals (403) using a multipath alternating least squares algorithm, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal comprises multiple subsequences.

10. The receiving device (400) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multipath alternating least squares algorithm is parameterized by the estimated channel delay spread and the estimated number of multipaths.

11. The receiving device (400) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, In order to decode each user-specific signal (403), the receiving device (400) is used to: Estimate the user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal (403); Phase offset correction is performed on each of the plurality of subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; Demap each phase-shifted subsequence to obtain multiple demapped subsequences; Merge the multiple demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; The user-specific sequence is decoded and the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence is verified.

12. The receiving device (400) according to claim 11, characterized in that, Used for: A reconstructed signal is generated based on the plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified. Based on the reconstructed signal, interference elimination iterations are performed on the plurality of decoded user-specific sequences whose integrity has been successfully verified.

13. The receiving device (400) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that, Used for: Determine a sequence of m bits (1011) based on the user group index (1012); The sequence of the m bits (1011) is combined with the decoded user-specific sequence (404) to generate the decoded payload (101) for each user.

14. The receiving device (400) according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that, Used for: For each user group, a user group-specific signal (402) is obtained through resource demapping, such that the user group-specific signal (402) corresponds to the received signal (401) on the resource unit set of the user group, wherein the resource unit set is allocated to the user group from T available time-frequency resource units based on the user group index (1012) at the transmitting device (100).

15. A method (1100) performed by a transmitting device (100), characterized in that, include: Obtain (1101) payload (101), wherein the payload (101) comprises a sequence of B bits, where B is a positive integer; Extract (1102)m bits (1011) from the sequence (101) of the B bits, where m is a positive integer less than B; Based on the extracted m bits (1011) to identify (1103) the user group index (1012), wherein the transmitting device (100) is a user in the user group identified by the user group index (1012); Encode (1104) the sequence (102) of B minus m bits to obtain the encoded signal (103); Based on the user group index (1012) of the identifier, a set of resource units (1105) is allocated from T available time-frequency resource units, where T is a positive integer; The encoded signal (103) is transmitted (1106) using the set of resource units.

16. The method (1100) according to claim 15, characterized in that, include: The sequence (102) of B minus m bits is encoded using a tensor-based modulation (TBM) encoder (104) to obtain the encoded signal (103).

17. The method (1100) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The encoding of the sequence (102) of B minus m bits using the TBM encoder (104) includes: The sequence (102) of B minus m bits is encoded using a forward error correction encoder to generate a sequence of encoded bits; The sequence of encoded bits is divided into multiple subsequences; The plurality of subsequences are modulated to generate a plurality of coded subsequences; The encoded signal (103) is generated based on the plurality of encoded subsequences.

18. A method (1200) performed by a receiving device (400), characterized in that, include: Multiple user group-specific signals (402) are obtained (1201) from the received signals (401) based on multiple user group indices, wherein each user group-specific signal (402) is for a user group identified by the user group index (1012); Each user group-specific signal (402) is decomposed (1202) into multiple user-specific signals (403), wherein each user-specific signal (403) is associated with a corresponding user in the user group; Decode (1203) each user-specific signal (403) to obtain the decoded sequence (404); Based on the decoded sequence (404) and the user group index (1012), a decoded payload (101) is generated (1204) for the corresponding user.

19. The method (1200) according to claim 18, characterized in that, include: Each user group-specific signal (402) is decomposed into multiple user-specific signals (403) using a multipath alternating least squares algorithm, wherein each decomposed user-specific signal comprises multiple subsequences.

20. The method (1200) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, Decoding each user-specific signal (403) includes: Estimate the user-specific phase offset based on the user-specific signal (403); Phase offset correction is performed on each of the plurality of subsequences based on the estimated user-specific phase offset; Demap each phase-shifted subsequence to obtain multiple demapped subsequences; Merge the multiple demapped subsequences to obtain a user-specific sequence; The user-specific sequence is decoded and the integrity of the decoded user-specific sequence is verified.

21. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes program code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 15 to 17 or the method according to any one of claims 18 to 20.

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