A tractor-drawn alisma harvesting machine
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611170309.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-04
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本发明要解决的技术问题是：针对南方黏重土壤条件下泽泻种植场景，提供一种牵引式泽泻收获机，通过优化挖掘与筛分结构，解决黏土地作业中土壤粘连、筛孔堵塞、根土分离困难的问题，在高湿度、高粘度土壤条件下实现高效、高质、低损的泽泻根茎收获
[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the synergistic combination design of the wave-shaped lifting chain, soil-crushing roller, material-feeding device, rubber star wheel impact device, and vibrating screen, this invention significantly improves the operating efficiency in row-to-row operations; it effectively solves the industry pain points of soil clumps, strong adhesion, and easy clogging under heavy clay soil conditions, and significantly improves the root-soil separation rate and operational stability; at the same time, it reduces secondary soil mixing of roots and rhizomes, ensures harvesting cleanliness and output continuity, and comprehensively optimizes the operational quality and adaptability of Alisma plantago-aquatica harvesting.
Smart Images
Figure CN122680948A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology. Background Technology
[0002] Alisma plantago-aquatica is a traditional Chinese medicine from Sichuan. Its harvesting still largely relies on traditional manual digging, which is costly, inefficient, and labor-intensive, making it difficult to meet the needs of agricultural seasons. The lagging progress in the mechanized harvesting of Alisma plantago-aquatica seriously hinders the development of the industry.
[0003] Currently, harvesting machinery for root and tuber crops has seen some development. For example, existing technologies disclose a traction-type deep-root medicinal herb combine harvester, which employs an impact-type dual-vibration drag-reducing digging system, a soil-breaking and root / tube separation conveyor system composed of counter-rotating double ratchet rollers and a grid-type conveyor chain. In addition, there is a traction-type vibratory root and tuber medicinal herb digging and harvesting machine, which uses a front-mounted eccentric swing arm vibration mechanism to divide the single-machine vibration into two stages, achieving root-soil separation through front and rear vibrating screens. A combined digging type low-resistance long root and tuber medicinal herb harvester uses a combination of a rotating digging device and a rear-inclined bucket tooth frame digging shovel.
[0004] However, the existing harvesting machinery mentioned above is mainly designed for root and tuber crops in dryland or sandy loam conditions, and lacks specific adaptation to the unique characteristics of Alisma plantago-aquatica growing in heavy, moist soil environments such as winter paddy fields and tidal flats in southern China. In heavy clay soil conditions, the root-soil complex easily clumps together, exhibits strong adhesion, and easily clogs the sieve holes, resulting in poor root-soil separation in existing harvesters, which fails to meet the operational requirements of mechanized harvesting of Alisma plantago-aquatica. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop specialized equipment for harvesting Alisma plantago-aquatica under heavy clay soil conditions, overcoming the key technological bottleneck of the inability to effectively separate roots and soil. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a tractor-type Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester for planting in heavy clay soils in southern China. By optimizing the digging and screening structure, the machine solves the problems of soil adhesion, screen blockage, and difficulty in separating roots and soil in clay soil operations, and achieves efficient, high-quality, and low-loss harvesting of Alisma plantago-aquatica rhizomes under high humidity and high viscosity soil conditions.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:
[0007] A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester includes a frame, a soil breaking device, a digging device, a wave-shaped lifting device, a soil crushing device, a material feeding device, a striking device, a vibration separating device, and a transmission device.
[0008] The frame includes a main frame (23), side plates (24), three-point suspension (25), and ground wheels (26). The steel plates required for the side plates (24) and three-point suspension (25) are laser-cut and then welded to the main frame (23) according to the positioning. The tie rods (27) connecting the three-point suspension (25) and the side plates (24) are fixed with bolts. The ground wheels (26) are welded to the end of the main frame (23) to support the frame and control the working depth.
[0009] The soil-breaking device is located at the front end of the frame and is used to initially break up heavy clay soil. The soil-breaking device includes a soil-breaking shovel base plate (28), a soil-breaking shovel body (29), a soil-breaking shovel tip (30), and side wings (31). The soil-breaking shovel base plate (28) is installed on the front crossbeam of the machine frame (23) by U-bolts. The soil-breaking shovel body (29) is connected to the soil-breaking shovel base plate (28) by bolts. The soil-breaking shovel body (29) is provided with multiple adjustment holes for adjusting the digging depth. A soil-breaking shovel tip (30) and two side wings (31) are installed at the end of the soil-breaking shovel body (29) by bolts. While the shovel tip breaks the soil, the two side wings widen the soil and expand the disturbance range.
[0010] The digging device is located behind the soil-breaking device and is used to completely dig up the rhizomes and attached soil of Alisma plantago-aquatica while breaking up the soil. The digging device consists of a digging shovel base plate (32) and a digging shovel blade (33). The digging shovel base plate (32) has a groove on its side and is connected to the harvester side plate (24) by bolts. The angle of the digging shovel can be adjusted within the range of 10°-30°. The digging shovel blade (33) is fixed to the digging shovel base plate (32) by bolts. The middle of the blade is arched upward to reduce resistance. Under normal working conditions, the digging shovel is inclined forward and downward relative to the horizontal surface, preferably at an angle of 20°.
[0011] The wave-shaped lifting device is located behind the excavation device and is used to transport and initially screen the incoming root-soil compound. The wave-shaped lifting device consists of a guide wheel a (34), a support wheel a (35), a grid a (36), a rubber belt a (37), a swivel wheel a (38), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a vibrating wheel (40), and a vibrating wheel drive shaft (41). The grid a (36) and the rubber belt a (37) are fixed to form the lifting chain, which is used to receive the root-soil mixture and complete the initial screening of the soil. The grid is made of spring steel with a center distance of 50 mm and a gap of 38 mm. The power of the lifting chain comes from the sprocket b (7), which is coaxially mounted with the swivel wheel a (38) on the lifting chain drive shaft (39). The lifting chain is 1500 mm long and 1150 mm wide, and is inclined at the front and back along the material conveying direction, with an angle of 24.5° with the horizontal plane. The vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) is mounted on the side plate (24) via a bearing seat and can be adjusted horizontally by 10cm via a slot to adjust the angle of the lifting chain and the distance between the end of the lifting chain and the star wheel roller (48). The guide wheel a (34) is mounted at the front end of the lifting chain to fix and tension the lifting chain. The vibratory wheel (40) is mounted on the vibratory wheel drive shaft (41), and the sprocket h (19) provides power to the vibratory wheel drive shaft (41), which can make the lifting chain vibrate periodically during operation. The vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) is mounted on the side plate (24) via a bearing seat and can be adjusted vertically by 5cm via a slot to change the amplitude of the engagement position with the lifting chain. The belt support wheel a (35) is mounted on the side plate (24) to fix the wave shape of the lifting chain and to prevent the lifting chain from sagging.
[0012] The soil crushing device is located above the wave-shaped lifting device and is used to work in conjunction with the lifting device to elastically crush the adhering soil clods formed during the lifting process. The soil crushing device includes a spring base a (42) and a soil crushing roller (43). The spring base a (42) is fixed to the side plate by bolts, and the soil crushing roller (43) is connected to the spring base a (42) by a bearing with a seat. The surface of the soil crushing roller is arranged with multiple rows of rubber impact teeth, with adjacent rows of teeth arranged at different heights. The rubber teeth are 4cm long and 2cm short. In the natural hanging state, the outermost edge of the soil crushing roller is 4cm away from the screen surface, and when the spring is compressed to its shortest length, it is 8cm away from the screen surface.
[0013] The material-dispensing device is located above the wave-shaped lifting device. It is used both to dispense the root-soil compound at the troughs to assist its upward transport and prevent accumulation and blockage, and to strike the mixture during dispensing to separate the root and soil. The material-dispensing device consists of a material-dispensing roller drive shaft (44), a tooth base plate (45), and teeth (46). The two ends of the material-dispensing roller drive shaft (44) are mounted on the reversing base plate (24-1) of the side plate through bearing seats, and can be adjusted vertically by 5cm through the slot. Gear b (13) provides power to the material-dispensing roller drive shaft (44). The tooth base plate (45) is welded to the material-dispensing roller drive shaft (44). The teeth (46) are bolted to the tooth base plate (45) and limited by the slot. The tooth material is spring steel, and the effective working width is 1000mm.
[0014] The striking device is located between the wave-shaped lifting device and the vibration separation device, and is used to gently strike and remove soil adhering to the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica during the throwing of the root-soil compound from the lifting device. The striking device consists of a rubber star wheel (47) and a star wheel roller drive shaft (48). The two ends of the star wheel roller drive shaft (48) are mounted on the side plate (24) through bearing seats, and can be adjusted vertically by 8 cm through the slots on the side plate (24). The star wheel roller drive shaft (48) has a hexagonal shaft in the middle and round shafts at both ends. Hexagonal rubber star wheels (47) with internal holes are installed in the hexagonal shaft area and arranged spirally.
[0015] The vibration separation device is located behind the wave-shaped lifting device and is used to vibrate and screen the root-soil compound to remove adhering soil. The vibration separation device consists of a vibrating screen drive shaft (49), an eccentric bearing (50), a central rocker arm (51), a vibrating screen driven shaft (52), a connecting rocker arm a (53), a side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54), a rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55), a driven rocker arm a (56), and a screen body (57). The sprocket h (19) provides power to the vibrating screen drive shaft (49). The eccentric bearing (50) has an eccentricity of 10 mm. The inner ring is installed in the middle position of the vibrating screen drive shaft (49) and rotates by a key connection. Snap rings and bushings are installed on both sides of the bearing to restrict its left and right movement. The outer ring of the eccentric bearing (50) is installed in the sleeve at one end of the central rocker arm (51), and a snap ring is installed in the sleeve to fix its position. A deep groove ball bearing is installed in the sleeve at the other end of the central rocker arm (51). The inner ring of the bearing is installed in the middle position of the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen and is also limited by a snap ring. The two ends of the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen are respectively connected and fixed to two connecting rocker arms (53). The connecting rocker arms (53) are fastened together by three bolts through two plates with two rows of bolt holes. The overall length of the rocker arm can be adjusted by changing the position of the three bolts. The upper sleeve of the connecting rocker arm (53) is equipped with a deep groove ball bearing, which is installed at one end of the side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54). The other end of the side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54) is directly fixed to the positioning hole of the side plate (24). The lower sleeve of the connecting rocker arm (53) is also equipped with a deep groove ball bearing, which is installed at one end of the rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55). The other end of the rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55) is directly fixed to the positioning hole of the steel pipe of the screen body (57). The length of the driven rocker arm (56) is less than that of the connecting rocker arm (53), and its installation method is the same as that of the connecting rocker arm (53). When the drive shaft (49) of the vibrating screen rotates, it drives the eccentric bearing (50) to rotate through the flat key. The central rocker arm (51) then performs periodic motion, driving the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen to move. The connecting rocker arm (53), which is fixedly connected to both ends of the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen, then swings back and forth, driving the screen body (57) to move back and forth while vibrating up and down. The material on the screen body (57) is conveyed backward while being vibrated. The screen body is welded from a steel frame and a steel plate. The mesh of the steel plate is laser-cut with a diameter of 40 mm and an upper and lower amplitude of 8 cm.
[0016] The transmission device transmits the power output from the tractor through the gearbox, providing power to each device. The transmission device includes a gearbox (1), a gearbox power input shaft (2), a gearbox output shaft a (3), a gearbox output shaft b (4), a sprocket a (5), a transmission chain a (6), a sprocket b (7), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a sprocket c (8), a transmission chain b (9), a sprocket d (10), a reversing short shaft (11), a gear a (12), a gear b (13), a feed roller drive shaft (44), a sprocket e (14), a transmission chain c (15), a sprocket f (16), a star wheel roller drive shaft (48), a sprocket g (17), a transmission chain d (18), a sprocket h (19), a vibrating wheel drive shaft (41), a sprocket i (20), a transmission chain e (21), a sprocket j (22), and a vibrating screen drive shaft (49). The gearbox (1) is mounted on the upper part of the frame, and the gearbox power input shaft (2) is connected to the tractor PTO through a universal joint. A sprocket a (5) is installed at the end of the gearbox output shaft a (3). Sprocket a (5) is connected to sprocket b (7) on the lifting chain drive shaft (39) via a transmission chain a (6). Sprocket b (7) provides power to the lifting chain drive shaft (39). Sprocket c (8) is coaxially mounted with sprocket b (7). Sprocket c (8) is connected to sprocket d (10) via a transmission chain b (9). Sprocket d (10) provides power to the reversing short shaft (11). Sprocket d (10) is coaxially mounted with gear a (12). Gear a (12) meshes with gear b (13). Gear b (13) provides power to the feed roller drive shaft (44). Gear b (13) is coaxially mounted with sprocket e (14). Sprocket e (14) is connected to sprocket f (16) via a transmission chain c (15). Sprocket f (16) provides power to the star roller drive shaft (48). A sprocket g (17) is installed at the end of the output shaft b (4) of the gearbox. The sprocket g (17) is connected to the sprocket h (19) through the transmission chain d (18). The sprocket h (19) provides power to the drive shaft (41) of the vibrating wheel. The sprocket i (20) is installed coaxially with the sprocket h (19). The sprocket i (20) is connected to the sprocket j (22) through the transmission chain e (21). The sprocket j (22) provides power to the drive shaft (49) of the vibrating screen.
[0017] The harvester has a working width of 1200mm, a total weight of 700kg, and requires a power of 70 horsepower or above.
[0018] The working principle of this invention is as follows: the tractor and the harvester are connected by a three-point suspension and the posture is adjusted. The output shaft of the tractor is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox (2). The output shaft a (3) and the output shaft b (4) of the gearbox drive each device in sequence through chain transmission. When the tractor drives the machine to harvest in the Alisma field, the soil breaking device first breaks the heavy clay soil. Then the digging device enters the initially broken soil and digs up the Alisma rhizomes along with the surrounding soil as a whole. The root and soil mixture is fed into the wave-shaped lifting device. During the conveying process of the lifting chain, the fine soil leaks through the gaps in the grid bars through the movement of the lifting chain and its periodic vibration. When the root and soil mixture passes through the soil crushing device, the rubber impact teeth of the soil crushing roller elastically crush the large soil clods. The wave-shaped structure of the lifting chain throws the root and soil mixture from the crest to the trough, using collision impact to remove the soil. The material feeding device feeds the root and soil compound at the trough to assist its upward transport and prevent accumulation and blockage. At the same time, it strikes the mixture during feeding to separate the root and soil. As the root-soil compound is conveyed from the end of the conveyor chain, it is gently struck by the rubber star wheel of the impact device to remove the soil adhering to the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica. Finally, the root-soil compound enters the vibration separation device, where high-frequency vibration on the screen body completes the final root-soil separation process.
[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the synergistic combination design of the wave-shaped lifting chain, soil-crushing roller, material-feeding device, rubber star wheel impact device, and vibrating screen, this invention significantly improves the operating efficiency in row-to-row operations; it effectively solves the industry pain points of soil clumps, strong adhesion, and easy clogging under heavy clay soil conditions, and significantly improves the root-soil separation rate and operational stability; at the same time, it reduces secondary soil mixing of roots and rhizomes, ensures harvesting cleanliness and output continuity, and comprehensively optimizes the operational quality and adaptability of Alisma plantago-aquatica harvesting. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side transmission of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission on the right side of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-breaking device of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation device of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the wave-shaped lifting device of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-breaking device of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding device of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the striking device of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration separation device of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 12 This is a close-up schematic diagram of the reversing base plate on the side plate of the present invention.
[0032] Labels in the diagram: 1-Gearbox, 2-Gearbox power input shaft, 3-Gearbox output shaft a, 4-Gearbox output shaft b, 5-Sprocket a, 6-Drive chain a, 7-Sprocket b, 8-Sprocket c, 9-Drive chain b, 10-Sprocket d, 11-Reversing short shaft, 12-Gear a, 13-Gear b, 14-Sprocket e, 15-Drive chain c, 16-Sprocket f, 17-Sprocket g, 18-Drive chain d, 19-Sprocket h, 20-Sprocket i, 21-Drive chain e, 22-Sprocket j, 23-Body steel frame, 24-Side plate, 24-1-Reversing base plate, 25-Three-point suspension, 26-Ground wheel, 27-Tie rod, 28-Breaking shovel base plate, 29-Breaking shovel body, 3 0-Soil-breaking shovel tip, 31-Side wing, 32-Digging shovel bottom plate, 33-Digging shovel blade, 34-Guide wheel a, 35-Belt support wheel a, 36-Grid bar a, 37-Rubber belt a, 38-Plum blossom wheel a, 39-Lifting chain drive shaft, 40-Vibrating wheel, 41-Vibrating wheel drive shaft, 42-Spring base a, 43-Soil-crushing roller, 44-Pulling roller drive shaft, 45-Pulling tooth bottom plate, 46-Pulling tooth, 47-Rubber star wheel, 48-Star wheel roller drive shaft, 49-Vibrating screen drive shaft, 50-Eccentric bearing, 51-Central rocker arm, 52-Vibrating screen driven shaft, 53-Linking rocker arm a, 54-Side plate-rocker arm short shaft a, 55-Rocker arm-screen body short shaft a, 56-Driven rocker arm a, 57-Screen body. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0034] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a towed water plantain harvester includes a frame, a soil breaking device, a digging device, a wave-shaped lifting device, a soil crushing device, a material feeding device, a striking device, a vibration separating device, and a transmission device.
[0035] The soil-breaking device, digging device, wave-shaped lifting device, soil-crushing device, material-shifting device, impacting device, vibration separation device, and transmission device are all mounted on the frame. One end of the transmission device is connected to the tractor's power take-off unit, and the output end transmits power to the lifting chain, material-shifting device, and impacting device of the wave-shaped lifting device. The other end transmits power to the vibrating wheel and vibration separation device of the wave-shaped lifting device. The soil-breaking device and digging device at the front first contact the ground and stably cut into the soil layer under the action of machine traction and their own weight. As the machine moves forward, it digs out the water plantain along with the soil. The root and soil mixture enters the wave-shaped lifting device, where the loose soil is removed by the combined action of the soil-crushing device and the material-shifting device. The water plantain adhering to the soil, some stubble, and some soil clods are left on the screen and conveyed backward, completing the initial soil screening. Subsequently, the root and soil mixture is subjected to the gentle impact of the impacting device to remove the soil and then enters the vibration separation device for the final root and soil separation process.
[0036] The transmission device includes a gearbox (1), a gearbox power input shaft (2), a gearbox output shaft a (3), a gearbox output shaft b (4), a sprocket a (5), a transmission chain a (6), a sprocket b (7), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a sprocket c (8), a transmission chain b (9), a sprocket d (10), a reversing short shaft (11), a gear a (12), a gear b (13), a feed roller drive shaft (44), a sprocket e (14), a transmission chain c (15), a sprocket f (16), a star wheel roller drive shaft (48), a sprocket g (17), a transmission chain d (18), a sprocket h (19), a vibrating wheel drive shaft (41), a sprocket i (20), a transmission chain e (21), a sprocket j (22), and a vibrating screen drive shaft (49). The gearbox (1) is mounted on the upper part of the frame, and the gearbox power input shaft (2) is connected to the tractor PTO via a universal joint. A sprocket a (5) is installed at the end of the gearbox output shaft a (3). Sprocket a (5) is connected to sprocket b (7) on the lifting chain drive shaft (39) via a transmission chain a (6). Sprocket b (7) provides power to the lifting chain drive shaft (39). Sprocket c (8) is coaxially mounted with sprocket b (7). Sprocket c (8) is connected to sprocket d (10) via a transmission chain b (9). Sprocket d (10) provides power to the reversing short shaft (11). Sprocket d (10) is coaxially mounted with gear a (12). Gear a (12) meshes with gear b (13). Gear b (13) provides power to the feed roller drive shaft (44). Gear b (13) is coaxially mounted with sprocket e (14). Sprocket e (14) is connected to sprocket f (16) via a transmission chain c (15). Sprocket f (16) provides power to the star roller drive shaft (48). A sprocket g (17) is installed at the end of the output shaft b (4) of the gearbox. The sprocket g (17) is connected to the sprocket h (19) through the transmission chain d (18). The sprocket h (19) provides power to the drive shaft (41) of the vibrating wheel. The sprocket i (20) is installed coaxially with the sprocket h (19). The sprocket i (20) is connected to the sprocket j (22) through the transmission chain e (21). The sprocket j (22) provides power to the drive shaft (49) of the vibrating screen.
[0037] The frame includes a main frame (23), side plates (24), three-point suspension (25), and ground wheels (26). The steel plates required for the side plates (24) and three-point suspension (25) are laser-cut and welded to the main frame (23) according to the positioning. The tie rods (27) connecting the three-point suspension (25) and the side plates (24) are fixed with bolts. The ground wheels (26) are welded to the end of the main frame (23) to support the frame and control the working depth.
[0038] The soil-breaking device is located at the front end of the frame and includes a soil-breaking shovel base plate (28), a soil-breaking shovel body (29), a soil-breaking shovel tip (30), and side wings (31). The soil-breaking shovel base plate (28) is installed on the frontmost crossbeam of the machine frame (23) using U-bolts. The soil-breaking shovel body (29) is connected to the soil-breaking shovel base plate (28) by bolts. The soil-breaking shovel body (29) is provided with multiple adjustment holes for adjusting the digging depth, which is generally slightly lower than the digging shovel. A soil-breaking shovel tip (30) and two side wings (31) are installed at the end of the soil-breaking shovel body (29) by bolts. While the shovel tip breaks the soil, the two side wings widen the soil, expand the disturbance range, and lift the deep hard soil.
[0039] The digging device consists of a digging shovel base plate (32) and a digging blade (33). The digging shovel base plate (32) has a groove on its side and is connected to the harvester side plate (24) by bolts. The angle of the digging shovel can be adjusted within the range of 10°-30°. Under normal working conditions, the digging shovel is tilted forward and downward relative to the horizontal surface. Due to the heavy clay of the soil, in order to prevent excessive resistance, the angle is preferably 20° while ensuring the digging depth. The digging blade (33) is fixed to the digging shovel base plate (32) by bolts. The middle of the blade is arched upward to reduce resistance. While breaking the soil, it completely digs up the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica and the soil attached to them.
[0040] The wave-shaped lifting device consists of a guide wheel a (34), a support wheel a (35), a grid a (36), a rubber belt a (37), a swivel wheel a (38), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a vibrating wheel (40), and a vibrating wheel drive shaft (41). The grid a (36) and the rubber belt a (37) are fixed to form the lifting chain. The grid is made of 12mm spring steel, with a center distance of 50mm and a gap of 38mm. It is used to receive the root and soil mixture to prevent the Alisma plantago-aquatica rhizomes from being missed and to complete the initial soil screening. The lifting chain is powered by a sprocket b (7). The sprocket b (7) rotates at 189r / min and is coaxially mounted with the swivel wheel a (38) on the lifting chain drive shaft (39). The lifting chain is 1500mm long and 1150mm wide. It is inclined at the front and back along the material conveying direction, with an angle of 24.5° with the horizontal plane. The vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) is mounted on the side plate (24) via a bearing seat and can be adjusted horizontally by 10cm via a slot to adjust the angle of the lifting chain and the distance between the end of the lifting chain and the star wheel roller (48). The guide wheel a (34) is mounted at the front end of the lifting chain to fix and tension the lifting chain. The vibratory wheel (40) is mounted on the vibratory wheel drive shaft (41), and the sprocket h (19) provides power to the vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) at a speed of 120r / min, which can cause the lifting chain to vibrate periodically during operation. The vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) is mounted on the side plate (24) via a bearing seat and can be adjusted vertically by 5cm via a slot to change the amplitude of the engagement position with the lifting chain. The belt support wheel a (35) is mounted on the side plate (24) to fix the wave shape of the lifting chain and to prevent the lifting chain from sagging.
[0041] The soil-crushing device includes a spring base a (42) and a soil-crushing roller (43). The spring base a (42) is fixed to the side plate by bolts, and the soil-crushing roller (43) is connected to the spring base a (42) by a bearing with a seat. The surface of the soil-crushing roller is arranged with multiple rows of rubber impact teeth, with adjacent rows of teeth arranged at different heights. The rubber teeth are 4cm long and 2cm short. In the natural hanging state, the outermost edge of the soil-crushing roller is 4cm away from the screen surface. When the spring is compressed to its shortest position, the distance from the screen surface is 8cm, which plays the role of crushing and breaking up soil clods, ensuring that the soil clumps are effectively broken up while avoiding damage to the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica.
[0042] The material feeding device consists of a feeding roller drive shaft (44), a feeding tooth base plate (45), and feeding teeth (46). The feeding roller drive shaft (44) is mounted on the reversing base plate (24-1) of the side plate at both ends via bearing seats, and can be adjusted vertically by 5cm via slots. Gear b (13) provides power to the feeding roller drive shaft (44). The feeding tooth base plate (45) is welded to the feeding roller drive shaft (44). The feeding teeth (46) are bolted to the feeding tooth base plate (45) and limited by slots. The material is spring steel, and the effective working width is 1000mm. The material feeding device can both feed the root-soil compound at the trough to assist its upward transport and prevent accumulation and blockage, and can also strike the mixture during feeding to separate the root and soil.
[0043] The striking device consists of a rubber star wheel (47) and a star wheel roller drive shaft (48). The two ends of the star wheel roller drive shaft (48) are mounted on the side plate (24) via bearing seats, and can be adjusted vertically by 8 cm through the slots on the side plate (24). The star wheel roller drive shaft (48) has a hexagonal shaft in the middle and round shafts at both ends. Hexagonal rubber star wheels (47) with internal hexagonal holes are installed in the hexagonal shaft area and arranged spirally. The sprocket e (14) provides power to the star wheel roller drive shaft (48). The rubber star wheels gently strike and remove the soil adhering to the rhizomes of Alisma plantago-aquatica during the process of the root-soil compound being thrown from the lifting device.
[0044] The vibration separation device consists of a vibrating screen drive shaft (49), an eccentric bearing (50), a central rocker arm (51), a vibrating screen driven shaft (52), a connecting rocker arm a (53), a side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54), a rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55), a driven rocker arm a (56), and a screen body (57). The sprocket h (19) provides power to the vibrating screen drive shaft (49) at a speed of 240 r / min. The eccentric bearing (50) has an eccentricity of 10 mm. Its inner ring is installed in the middle position of the vibrating screen drive shaft (49) and rotates via a key connection. Snap rings and bushings are installed on both sides of the bearing to restrict its left and right movement. The outer ring of the eccentric bearing (50) is installed in the sleeve at one end of the central rocker arm (51), and a snap ring is installed in the sleeve to fix its position. A deep groove ball bearing is installed in the sleeve at the other end of the central rocker arm (51). The inner ring of this bearing is installed in the middle position of the vibrating screen driven shaft (52) and is also limited by a snap ring. The driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen is connected and fixed to two connecting rocker arms (53) at both ends. The connecting rocker arms (53) are fastened together by three bolts through two plates with two rows of bolt holes. The overall length of the rocker arm can be adjusted by changing the position of the three bolts. The upper sleeve of the connecting rocker arm (53) is equipped with a deep groove ball bearing, which is installed at one end of the side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54). The other end of the side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54) is directly fixed to the positioning hole of the side plate (24). Both are limited by the shaft shoulder and the retaining spring. The lower sleeve of the connecting rocker arm (53) is also equipped with a deep groove ball bearing, which is installed at one end of the rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55). The other end of the rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55) is directly fixed to the positioning hole of the steel pipe of the screen body (57). Both are limited by the shaft shoulder and the retaining spring. To avoid conflict with the position of the wave-shaped lifting device, the length of the driven rocker arm (56) is shorter than that of the connecting rocker arm (53), and its installation method is the same as that of the connecting rocker arm (53). When the vibrating screen drive shaft (49) rotates, it drives the eccentric bearing (50) to rotate through the flat key, and the central rocker arm (51) moves periodically, driving the vibrating screen driven shaft (52) to move. The connecting rocker arm (53), which is fixedly connected to both ends of the vibrating screen driven shaft (52), swings back and forth, driving the screen body (57) to move back and forth while vibrating up and down. The material on the screen body (57) is conveyed backward while being vibrated, and the driven rocker arm (56) also swings along with it. Because it is shorter than the connecting rocker arm (53), the swing amplitude is larger. The screen body is welded from a steel frame and a steel plate. The mesh of the steel plate is laser-cut with a diameter of 40mm. When the vibrating screen is working, the vertical amplitude is 8cm.
[0045] The harvester has a working width of 1200mm, a total weight of 700kg, and requires a power of 70 horsepower or above.
[0046] In specific operation, first connect the tractor and harvester with three-point suspension and adjust their posture. Connect the tractor output shaft to the gearbox input shaft (2). The gearbox output shaft a (3) drives the sprocket a (5), transmission chain a (6), sprocket b (7), lifting chain drive shaft (39), sprocket c (8), transmission chain b (9), sprocket d (10), reversing short shaft (11), gear a (12), gear b (13), feeding roller drive shaft (44), sprocket e (14), transmission chain c (15), sprocket f (16), and star wheel roller drive shaft (48) in sequence. The gearbox output shaft b (4) drives the sprocket g (17), transmission chain d (18), sprocket h (19), vibrating wheel drive shaft (41), sprocket i (20), transmission chain e (21), sprocket j (22), and vibrating screen drive shaft (49) in sequence.
[0047] When the tractor drives the machine to harvest in the Alisma field, the soil breaking device first breaks up the heavy clay soil, and then the digging device enters the initially broken soil to dig up the Alisma rhizomes along with the surrounding soil as a whole, and the root-soil mixture is fed into the wave-shaped lifting device. During the conveying process of the lifting chain, the fine soil of the root-soil mixture is allowed to leak through the gaps in the grid bars by the movement of the lifting chain and its periodic vibration. When the root-soil mixture passes through the soil crushing device, the rubber impact teeth of the soil crushing roller elastically crush the large soil clods. The wave-shaped structure of the lifting chain causes the root-soil mixture to be thrown from the crest to the trough, and the soil is removed by collision impact. The material feeding device feeds the root-soil compound at the trough to assist its upward transport and prevent accumulation and blockage, and at the same time, it strikes the mixture to separate the root and soil during feeding. During the process of the root-soil compound being thrown from the end of the lifting chain, it is flexibly struck by the rubber star wheel of the striking device to remove the soil adhering to the Alisma rhizomes. Finally, the root-soil compound enters the vibrating separation device, and the final root-soil separation process is completed by high-frequency vibration on the screen body (57).
[0048] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester, characterized in that, It includes a frame, soil breaking device, excavation device, wave-shaped lifting device, soil crushing device, material feeding device, impact device, vibration separation device, and transmission device; The frame includes a steel frame (23), side plates (24), three-point suspension (25), and ground wheels (26); the soil breaking device is located at the front end of the frame and is used to initially break up the heavy clay soil; the digging device is located behind the soil breaking device and is used to completely dig up the Alisma plantago-aquatica rhizomes and their attached soil while breaking up the soil; the wave-shaped lifting device is located behind the digging device and is used to transport and initially screen and separate the incoming root-soil complex; the soil crushing device is located above the wave-shaped lifting device and is used to work in conjunction with the lifting device to elastically crush the adhering soil clods formed during the lifting process; The feeding device is located above the wave-shaped lifting device. It is used both to feed the root-soil compound at the troughs to assist its upward transport and prevent accumulation and blockage, and to strike the mixture during feeding to separate the root and soil. The striking device is located between the wave-shaped lifting device and the vibrating separation device. It is used to gently strike and remove soil adhering to the roots and stems of Alisma plantago-aquatica during the throwing of the root-soil compound from the lifting device. The vibrating separation device is located behind the wave-shaped lifting device. It is used to vibrate and screen the root-soil compound to remove adhering soil. The transmission device transmits the power output from the tractor through the gearbox to provide power to each device.
2. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission device includes a gearbox (1), a gearbox power input shaft (2), a gearbox output shaft a (3), a gearbox output shaft b (4), a sprocket a (5), a transmission chain a (6), a sprocket b (7), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a sprocket c (8), a transmission chain b (9), a sprocket d (10), a reversing short shaft (11), a gear a (12), a gear b (13), a feed roller drive shaft (44), a sprocket e (14), a transmission chain c (15), a sprocket f (16), and a star wheel roller drive shaft (48). Wheel g (17), transmission chain d (18), sprocket h (19), vibrating wheel drive shaft (41), sprocket i (20), transmission chain e (21), sprocket j (22), vibrating screen drive shaft (49), the gearbox (1) is mounted on the upper part of the frame; the gearbox power input shaft (2) is connected to the tractor PTO through a universal joint; sprocket a (5) is mounted at the end of the gearbox output shaft a (3), and sprocket a (5) is connected to sprocket b (7) mounted on the lifting chain drive shaft (39) through transmission chain a (6), sprocket b (7) The drive shaft (39) of the lifting chain provides power to the sprocket c (8) and sprocket b (7). The sprocket c (8) is connected to the sprocket d (10) via the transmission chain b (9). The sprocket d (10) provides power to the reversing short shaft (11). The sprocket d (10) is coaxially mounted with gear a (12). Gear a (12) meshes with gear b (13). Gear b (13) provides power to the feed roller drive shaft (44). Gear b (13) is coaxially mounted with sprocket e (14). The sprocket e (14) is connected to the drive shaft (39) of the lifting chain via the transmission chain c (8) and sprocket b (7). 15) Connect sprocket f (16), which provides power to the star wheel drive shaft (48); sprocket g (17) is installed at the end of the gearbox output shaft b (4), which is connected to sprocket h (19) through transmission chain d (18), which provides power to the vibrating wheel drive shaft (41); sprocket i (20) is coaxially installed with sprocket h (19), which is connected to sprocket j (22) through transmission chain e (21), which provides power to the vibrating screen drive shaft (49).
3. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil breaking device is located at the front end of the frame and includes a soil breaking shovel bottom plate (28), a soil breaking shovel body (29), a soil breaking shovel tip (30), and side wings (31). The soil breaking shovel bottom plate (28) is installed on the frontmost crossbeam of the machine frame (23) by U-bolts. The soil breaking shovel body (29) is connected to the soil breaking shovel bottom plate (28) by bolts. The soil breaking shovel body (29) is provided with multiple adjustment holes for adjusting the digging depth. A soil breaking shovel tip (30) and two side wings (31) are installed at the end of the soil breaking shovel body (29) by bolts.
4. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digging device consists of a digging shovel base plate (32) and a digging shovel blade (33). The digging shovel base plate (32) has a groove on its side and is connected to the harvester side plate (24) by bolts. The angle of the digging shovel can be adjusted within the range of 10°-30°. The digging shovel blade (33) is fixed to the digging shovel base plate (32) by bolts, and the middle of the blade is arched upward.
5. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-shaped lifting device consists of a guide wheel a (34), a support wheel a (35), a grid bar a (36), a rubber belt a (37), a sprocket a (38), a lifting chain drive shaft (39), a vibrating wheel (40), and a vibrating wheel drive shaft (41). The grid bar a (36) and the rubber belt a (37) are fixed to form the lifting chain. The power of the lifting chain comes from the sprocket b (7), which is coaxially mounted with the sprocket a (38) on the lifting chain drive shaft (39). The vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) is mounted on the side plate (24) via a bearing seat and can be adjusted back and forth in the horizontal direction via a slot; the guide wheel a (34) is mounted at the front end of the lifting chain to fix and tension the lifting chain; the vibratory wheel (40) is mounted on the vibratory wheel drive shaft (41) to make the lifting chain vibrate periodically during operation; the support wheel a (35) is mounted on the side plate (24) to fix the wave shape of the lifting chain and prevent the lifting chain from sagging.
6. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil crushing device includes a spring base a (42) and a soil crushing roller (43). The spring base a (42) is fixed to the side plate by bolts. The soil crushing roller (43) is connected to the spring base a (42) by a bearing with a seat. Multiple rows of rubber impact teeth are arranged on the surface of the soil crushing roller, and the adjacent rows of teeth are arranged alternately at different heights.
7. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device consists of a feeding roller drive shaft (44), a feeding tooth base plate (45), and feeding teeth (46). The feeding roller drive shaft (44) is mounted on the reversing base plate (24-1) of the side plate through bearing seats at both ends, and can be adjusted in the vertical direction through the slot. Gear b (13) provides power to the feeding roller drive shaft (44). The feeding tooth base plate (45) is welded to the feeding roller drive shaft (44). The feeding teeth (46) are installed on the feeding tooth base plate (45) by bolts and limited by the slot.
8. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The striking device consists of a rubber star wheel (47) and a star wheel roller drive shaft (48). The two ends of the star wheel roller drive shaft (48) are mounted on the side plate (24) through bearing seats, and can be adjusted in the vertical direction through the slots on the side plate (24). The star wheel roller drive shaft (48) has a hexagonal shaft in the middle and round shafts at both ends. The rubber star wheel (47) with a hexagonal inner hole is installed in the hexagonal shaft area and arranged in a spiral.
9. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration separation device consists of a vibrating screen drive shaft (49), an eccentric bearing (50), a central rocker arm (51), a vibrating screen driven shaft (52), a connecting rocker arm a (53), a side plate-rocker arm short shaft a (54), a rocker arm-screen body short shaft a (55), a driven rocker arm a (56), and a screen body (57). The sprocket h (19) provides power to the vibrating screen drive shaft (49). The inner ring of the eccentric bearing (50) is installed in the middle of the vibrating screen drive shaft (49) and rotates through a key connection. The outer ring of the eccentric bearing (50) is inserted into the sleeve at one end of the central rocker arm (51). Inside, a deep groove ball bearing is installed in the sleeve at the other end of the central rocker arm (51). The inner ring of the bearing is installed in the middle position of the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen. The two ends of the driven shaft (52) of the vibrating screen are respectively connected and fixed to two connecting rockers (53). The upper end of the connecting rocker (53) is connected to the side plate-rocker short shaft a (54), and the lower end is connected to the rocker-screen body short shaft a (55). The rocker-screen body short shaft a (55) is connected and fixed to the screen body (57). The length of the driven rocker (56) is less than the length of the connecting rocker (53), and its installation method is the same as that of the connecting rocker (53).
10. A towed Alisma plantago-aquatica harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvester has a working width of 1200mm, a total weight of 700kg, and requires a power of 70 horsepower or above.