A forest land carbon-nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere micro-ecological soil conditioning fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a forest land carbon-nitrogen synergistic root zone micro-ecological soil conditioning medicine and fertilizer, a preparation method and application; the soil conditioning medicine and fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: forestry organic waste fermentation carbon-based material 40-65 parts; activated humic acid compound 15-30 parts; compound functional bacteria fermentation liquor 8-20 parts; plant source bacteriostatic active substance 5-12 parts; carbon-nitrogen metabolism activator 1-5 parts; the scheme provided by the application can synergistically solve the problems of carbon-nitrogen imbalance, micro-ecological deterioration and soil-borne disease of forest land soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological conditioning fertilizer technology, and in particular to a soil conditioning fertilizer for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic root zone microecology, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Forest land is the core carrier of my country's terrestrial ecosystem, and its soil quality directly determines the growth potential of trees, forest land productivity, and the ecosystem's carbon sequestration capacity. In recent years, the scale of monoculture plantations in my country has continued to expand, and the problem of forest soil degradation under the long-term continuous planting model has become increasingly prominent, becoming a key bottleneck restricting sustainable forestry management. Currently, forest soil degradation mainly exhibits three characteristics: First, the carbon-nitrogen imbalance continues to worsen. Continuous monoculture leads to a single composition of litter, a severely imbalanced soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N), accelerated organic carbon mineralization while nitrogen accumulation is insufficient, and obstructed soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathways. This reduces soil nutrient supply efficiency and weakens forest carbon sink function, directly affecting tree growth and long-term soil productivity. Second, the rhizosphere microecology continues to deteriorate. Long-term continuous cropping disrupts the structure of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, significantly reducing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium and Phytophthora continue to accumulate, inducing frequent outbreaks of soil-borne diseases such as root rot and nematode diseases, which can cause large-scale tree death in severe cases. Third, existing improvement products have limited functions and are difficult to adapt to complex forest degradation scenarios. Traditional organic fertilizers focus on supplying basic nutrients and lack the ability to regulate the rhizosphere microecology. While chemical pesticides can quickly inhibit pathogens, they can also kill beneficial soil organisms in a non-targeted manner, destroy the microbial community structure, and easily induce drug resistance in pathogens. Conventional soil conditioners mostly focus on improving the physical structure of the soil, such as the application of substrates like bentonite and zeolite. They have limited ability to regulate soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism processes and generally lack bioactive functional components.

[0003] In response to the needs of forest soil improvement and disease control, the industry has conducted relevant technological research. For example, Chinese patent application CN201610190616.9 discloses an organic fertilizer-medicinal agent, which is prepared by combining plant extracts such as soapberry, sophora flavescens, and rotenone with an organic fertilizer matrix, possessing both fertilization and antibacterial effects. However, this solution does not include targeted formulation design for the synergistic regulation of carbon and nitrogen in forest soil, and the plant extract raw materials are costly and have a narrow antibacterial spectrum, failing to achieve systematic restoration of the root zone microecology.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application CN98107697.1 discloses a soil nutrient conditioner with peat moss, manure, and mineral elements as its core components, which can supplement basic soil nutrients. However, this solution relies on non-renewable resources such as peat moss, the product does not contain live bacteria functional ingredients, does not have the ability to control soil-borne diseases, and has a very limited effect on regulating soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

[0005] For example, Chinese patent application CN200910219029 discloses a humic acid organic-inorganic fertilizer, which uses a compound of peat humic acid, feather amino acids, and boron-magnesium fertilizer, mainly for foliar spraying to supplement nutrients. This solution has limited application scenarios, does not contain live microbial components, has no function in controlling soil-borne diseases, and peat is also a non-renewable carbon source, which poses resource constraints for long-term large-scale application.

[0006] In summary, existing forest soil amendment products generally suffer from functional fragmentation, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve multiple objectives such as synergistic regulation of carbon and nitrogen nutrients, rhizosphere microecological restoration, and control of soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, existing live bacteria products generally suffer from low survival rates of live bacteria during storage, poor compatibility between antibacterial components and beneficial bacteria, and reliance on non-renewable carbon sources, failing to meet the practical needs of modern sustainable forestry management. Therefore, developing a soil conditioning fertilizer and its preparation process that can synergistically address forest soil carbon and nitrogen imbalance, microecological deterioration, and soil-borne diseases, while also possessing renewable carbon sources and strong functional stability, is a pressing technical problem in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a soil conditioning fertilizer for forest land with carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology, its preparation method and application, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this application provides a soil conditioner fertilizer for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology, its preparation method, and its application. In a first aspect, this application provides a soil conditioner fertilizer for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste; 15-30 parts of activated humic acid complex; 8-20 parts of compound functional bacteria fermentation broth; 5-12 parts of plant-derived antibacterial active agent; Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator 1-5 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste is prepared by the following method: Pretreatment: Crush the plant waste raw materials to a particle size ≤5mm, sieve to remove impurities, add water to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, and add urea to adjust the initial C / N ratio to (30-35):1; the plant waste raw materials include one or more of pine needles, branch fragments, bark, and fallen leaves; Aerobic fermentation: Inoculate with compound composting microbial agents, control the compost temperature at 55-65℃, provide ventilation and oxygen supply, and continue for 7-10 days, turning the compost 3-4 times during this period; the compound composting microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Anaerobic fermentation: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the mixture is sealed and piled up, and the temperature is lowered to 40-45℃ for 15-20 days. Fermentation endpoint indicators: cellulose degradation rate ≥40%, lignin degradation rate ≥25%, C / N ratio reduced to (20-25):1; Post-processing: The fermentation product is dried at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0010] Preferably, the activated humic acid complex is prepared by the following method: Nitric acid activation: The weathered coal was mixed with 1.5 mol / L nitric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, filtered, and washed with water until the pH reached 5.0-6.0; the phytic acid content of the weathered coal was ≥70%. Secondary activation of microorganisms: The nitrate activation product is inoculated into a suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens suspension is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 Fermentation was carried out at 35°C and pH 6.5-7.0 for 48 hours (CFU / mL, inoculum 5%). Activation effect: The total acid group content after treatment is increased by ≥30% compared with the original ore, of which the carboxyl content is ≥4.5mmol / g and the phenolic hydroxyl content is ≥2.5mmol / g.

[0011] Preferably, the compound functional bacterial fermentation broth is composed of nitrogen-fixing spirochetes, phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium, mucilage Bacillus, and Trichoderma viride, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1:1; Total viable bacteria count ≥2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0012] Preferably, the plant-derived antibacterial active ingredient is prepared by the following method: Pretreatment: Dry the plant raw materials to a moisture content of ≤10%, pulverize them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly according to the formula; the plant raw materials are composed of the following parts by weight: 3 parts Sophora flavescens, 2 parts Melia toosendan, 1.5 parts Tripterygium wilfordii, 2 parts garlic, and 1.5 parts chili pepper; Supercritical CO2 extraction: extraction pressure 35 MPa, temperature 45℃, CO2 flow rate 20 L / h, extraction time 2 hours, and extract collected; Microwave-assisted water extraction: Add 8 times the amount of water to the residue after supercritical extraction, microwave power 600W, temperature 60℃, extract for 30 minutes, filter, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume. Purification: The supercritical extract and the microwave water extract concentrate were combined and subjected to AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography. First, deionized water was used to remove impurities, and then 70% ethanol was used to elute and collect the active components. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to obtain the active ingredient powder.

[0013] Preferably, the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is prepared by the following method: Zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid were each pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and then mixed evenly in proportion. The zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid are present in the following weight ratios: zinc sulfate 0.5-1.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.05-0.2 parts, boric acid 0.1-0.5 parts, and α-ketoglutaric acid 0.5-2 parts.

[0014] Preferably, the soil conditioner fertilizer for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen root zone microecology of forest land is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 portions of fermented carbon-based material from forestry organic waste; 22 parts of activated humic acid complex; 14 portions of fermentation broth containing compound functional bacteria; Eight portions of plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients; Three portions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing the soil conditioning fertilizer for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen rhizosphere microecology of forest land as described in the first aspect of this application, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Mix the fermented carbon base material of forestry organic waste with the activated humic acid complex and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator in proportion and granulate to obtain primary particles. S2. Spray the compound functional bacteria fermentation broth onto the primary particles to obtain semi-finished particles; S3. The semi-finished product particles are coated with plant-derived antibacterial active agents and dried to obtain the target finished product.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, during the mixing and granulation process, the granulation environment temperature is ≤45℃ and the rotation speed is 200-300rpm. In step S2, the spraying temperature is ≤40℃, and the spraying amount is 8-20 parts / 100kg primary particles; In step S3, the coating temperature is ≤40℃, and the coating amount is 5-12 parts / 100kg of semi-finished granules; The moisture content of the target finished product is ≤12%.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides an application of a microecological soil conditioner fertilizer, wherein the microecological soil conditioner fertilizer is the forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic root zone microecological soil conditioner fertilizer described in the first aspect of this application, or is prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect of this application; The application includes the following steps: A basic formula is defined, which consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 50 portions of fermented carbon-based material from forestry organic waste; 22 parts of activated humic acid complex; 14 portions of fermentation broth containing compound functional bacteria; Eight portions of plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients; 3 parts of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator; When the forest soil used is northern sandy soil, the proportion of the forestry organic waste fermentation carbon base and the compound functional bacteria fermentation liquid is increased based on the basic formula, while the proportion of the activated humic acid complex, the plant-derived antibacterial active agent and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is decreased. When the forest soil used is acidified soil from southern coniferous forests, the proportion of the activated humic acid complex and the plant-derived antibacterial active agent is increased based on the basic formula, while the proportion of the forestry organic waste fermentation carbon base and the compound functional bacteria fermentation liquid is reduced.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, this application includes at least the following technical effects: (1) A carbon-nitrogen synergistic release mechanism forms a "carbon pool-nitrogen pool" slow-release system: The carbon-rich matrix (carbon-based material C / N≈30:1) and the activated humic acid complex form a "carbon pool-nitrogen pool" slow-release system. The carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the activated humic acid have a positive effect on NH4+. + NO3 - It has complexation and adsorption properties, which can reduce nitrogen leaching loss. α-Ketoglutarate in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can promote the utilization efficiency of carbon and nitrogen substrates by soil microorganisms; the addition of trace elements provides cofactors for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, achieving coupled promotion of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

[0019] (2) Four functional bacteria form a synergistic colonization network in the rhizosphere: Nitrogen-fixing spirochetes fix atmospheric molecular nitrogen and convert it into ammonia nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants; Phosphosolubilizing Bacillus megaterium secretes organic acids and phosphatases to convert insoluble phosphates in the soil into available phosphorus; Bacillus mucilaginosus secretes extracellular polysaccharides, which promote the formation of soil aggregates and release potassium minerals at the same time; Trichoderma viride secretes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, which degrade the cell walls of pathogens and simultaneously colonize the root surface to form a biological barrier.

[0020] The four strains can produce growth-promoting substances such as IAA and siderophores, which promote the development of tree roots.

[0021] (3) Prevention and control of soil-borne diseases: Main antibacterial components and target sites in active agents: Matrine (Sophora flavescens): Interferes with the cell membrane permeability of pathogenic bacteria and the mitochondrial respiratory chain; Azadirachtin (from Sichuan pepper): Inhibits spore germination and mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi; Allicin (garlic): A sulfur-containing compound that disrupts the enzyme system of pathogens; Capsaicin (in chili peppers): stimulates plants to develop systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples. Several embodiments of the present invention are given below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the present invention will be more thorough and complete: This application provides a soil conditioning fertilizer for forest land with synergistic carbon and nitrogen rhizosphere microecology, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste; 15-30 parts of activated humic acid complex; 8-20 parts of compound functional bacteria fermentation broth; 5-12 parts of plant-derived antibacterial active agent; Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator 1-5 parts.

[0023] In this implementation, the solution constructs a systematic conditioning system of "carbon and nitrogen regulation - microecological restoration - disease control - metabolic activation" through the synergistic function of multiple components, specifically addressing the core pain points of existing forest soil improvement products that are single-function and cannot simultaneously address carbon and nitrogen regulation and disease control. Specifically, the fermented carbon-based material from forestry organic waste serves as a carbon source matrix and probiotic carrier; activated humic acid complexes achieve carbon and nitrogen complexation and rhizosphere ion exchange; the fermentation broth of compound functional bacteria achieves rhizosphere microecological restoration; plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients control soil-borne diseases; and carbon and nitrogen metabolism activators achieve synergistic effects.

[0024] Specifically, in one embodiment, the forestry organic waste fermentation carbon base is prepared by the following method: Pre-treatment: Crush the plant waste raw materials to a particle size ≤5mm, sieve to remove impurities, add water to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, and add urea to adjust the initial C / N ratio to (30-35):1; Plant waste raw materials include one or more of pine needles, branch chips, bark, and fallen leaves; Aerobic fermentation: Inoculate with compound composting microbial agents, control the compost temperature at 55-65℃, provide ventilation and oxygen supply, and continue for 7-10 days, turning the compost 3-4 times during this period; the compound composting microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Anaerobic fermentation: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the mixture is sealed and piled up, and the temperature is lowered to 40-45℃ for 15-20 days. Fermentation endpoint indicators: cellulose degradation rate ≥40%, lignin degradation rate ≥25%, C / N ratio reduced to (20-25):1; Post-processing: The fermentation product is dried at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0025] In this scheme, the pretreatment stage involves crushing the raw materials to below 5mm and adjusting the initial C / N ratio to (30-35):1. This ensures efficient substrate contact for microbial fermentation and provides the optimal carbon-nitrogen nutrient ratio for the composting bacteria, thereby improving fermentation efficiency and compostability from the source. The aerobic fermentation stage, controlled at 55-65℃ with regular turning, rapidly degrades easily decomposable organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The high temperature also kills pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the raw materials, achieving harmless treatment. The subsequent 15-20 day anaerobic closed fermentation stage promotes the gradual decomposition of recalcitrant components such as lignin, while simultaneously allowing the organic matter to fully decompose, forming stable humic components. The final fermentation product controls the cellulose degradation rate to ≥40%, the lignin degradation rate to ≥25%, and the C / N ratio to (20-25):1, ensuring the compostability of the carbon-based material and the carbon-nitrogen ratio. After application to the soil, it can stably release carbon sources and precisely regulate the soil's carbon-nitrogen balance.

[0026] In one embodiment, the activated humic acid complex is prepared by the following method: Nitric acid activation: The weathered coal was mixed with 1.5 mol / L nitric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, filtered, and washed with water until the pH reached 5.0-6.0; the phytic acid content of the weathered coal was ≥70%. Secondary activation of microorganisms: The nitrate activation product is inoculated into a suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens suspension is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 Fermentation was carried out at 35°C and pH 6.5-7.0 for 48 hours (CFU / mL, inoculum 5%). Activation effect: The total acid group content after treatment is increased by ≥30% compared with the original ore, of which the carboxyl content is ≥4.5mmol / g and the phenolic hydroxyl content is ≥2.5mmol / g.

[0027] In one embodiment, the fermentation broth of the compound functional bacteria is composed of *Azotobacter nigrophytes* (…). Azospirillum brasilense ), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Bacillus mucilaginosus ), Trichoderma viride ( Trichoderma viride It consists of 2:2:1:1 components, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1:1. Total viable bacteria count ≥2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0028] Furthermore, regarding the source of the strains: all strains were commercially available agricultural microbial strains commonly used in agriculture. Simultaneous fermentation process: LB medium (nitrogen-fixing spirochetes require the addition of nitrogen-free medium), pH 6.8-7.2, temperature 30-32℃, dissolved oxygen ≥30%, fermentation cycle 48-72 hours; Fermentation endpoint: Total viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / mL, spore rate ≥80% (Bacillus); Storage conditions: Refrigerate at 4℃ for use, and keep for no more than 72 hours.

[0029] In one embodiment, the plant-derived antibacterial active ingredient is prepared by the following method: Pretreatment: Dry the plant raw materials to a moisture content of ≤10%, pulverize them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly according to the formula; the plant raw materials are composed of the following parts by weight: 3 parts Sophora flavescens, 2 parts Melia toosendan, 1.5 parts Tripterygium wilfordii, 2 parts garlic, and 1.5 parts chili pepper; Supercritical CO2 extraction: extraction pressure 35 MPa, temperature 45℃, CO2 flow rate 20 L / h, extraction time 2 hours, and extract collected; Microwave-assisted water extraction: Add 8 times the amount of water to the residue after supercritical extraction, microwave power 600W, temperature 60℃, extract for 30 minutes, filter, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume. Purification: The supercritical extract and the microwave water extract concentrate were combined and subjected to AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography. First, deionized water was used to remove impurities, and then 70% ethanol was used to elute and collect the active components. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to obtain the active ingredient powder.

[0030] Furthermore, the quality control indicators for plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients in this scheme are: total amount of active ingredients (alkaloids + flavonoids + allicin, calculated as matrine and azadirachtin) ≥25% (determined by HPLC). Before use, dilute with a small amount of ethanol to aid dissolution and then with water to the working concentration.

[0031] In one embodiment, the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is prepared by the following method: Zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid were each pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and then mixed evenly in proportion. The zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid are present in the following weight ratios: zinc sulfate 0.5-1.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.05-0.2 parts, boric acid 0.1-0.5 parts, and α-ketoglutaric acid 0.5-2 parts.

[0032] Specifically, this embodiment also provides a method for preparing the soil conditioning fertilizer for the above-mentioned forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Mix the fermented carbon base material of forestry organic waste with the activated humic acid complex and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator in proportion and granulate to obtain primary particles. S2. Spray the compound functional bacteria fermentation broth onto the primary particles to obtain semi-finished particles; S3. The semi-finished product particles are coated with plant-derived antibacterial active agents and dried to obtain the target finished product.

[0033] Preferably, in step S1, during the mixing and granulation process, the granulation environment temperature is ≤45℃ and the rotation speed is 200-300rpm. In step S2, the spraying temperature is ≤40℃, and the spraying amount is 8-20 parts / 100kg primary particles; In step S3, the coating temperature is ≤40℃, and the coating amount is 5-12 parts / 100kg of semi-finished granules; The moisture content of the target finished product is ≤12%.

[0034] Understandably, the main reasons for controlling the key parameters in the preparation method are as follows: Furthermore, in some implementations, the finished product quality indicators are as follows: The main mechanism of action in this application is as follows: The core innovation of this invention lies in achieving synergy among the three functional modules through a specific process, rather than simply adding them together: (1) Co-release mechanism of carbon and nitrogen A carbon-rich matrix (carbon-based material C / N ≈ 30:1) and an activated humic acid complex form a "carbon-nitrogen pool" slow-release system. The carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the activated humic acid have a positive effect on NH4+. + NO3 - It has complexation and adsorption properties, which can reduce nitrogen leaching loss. α-Ketoglutarate in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can promote the utilization efficiency of carbon and nitrogen substrates by soil microorganisms; the addition of trace elements provides cofactors for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, achieving coupled promotion of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

[0035] (2) Mechanism of root domain microecological reshaping Four functional bacteria form a synergistic colonization network in the rhizosphere: Nitrogen-fixing spirochetes fix atmospheric molecular nitrogen and convert it into ammonia nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants; Phosphosolubilizing Bacillus megaterium secretes organic acids and phosphatases to convert insoluble phosphates in the soil into available phosphorus; Bacillus mucilaginosus secretes extracellular polysaccharides, which promote the formation of soil aggregates and release potassium minerals at the same time; Trichoderma viride secretes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, which degrade the cell walls of pathogens and simultaneously colonize the root surface to form a biological barrier.

[0036] The four strains can produce growth-promoting substances such as IAA and siderophores, which promote the development of tree roots.

[0037] (3) Soil-borne disease control mechanism Main antibacterial components and their targets in active ingredients: Matrine (Sophora flavescens): Interferes with the cell membrane permeability of pathogenic bacteria and the mitochondrial respiratory chain; Azadirachtin (from Sichuan pepper): Inhibits spore germination and mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi; Allicin (garlic): A sulfur-containing compound that disrupts the enzyme system of pathogens; Capsaicin (in chili peppers): stimulates plants to develop systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

[0038] The following are some specific examples. When %, it refers to a percentage by weight. It should be noted that the following examples do not exhaustively list all possible scenarios, and unless otherwise specified, the materials used in the examples are commercially available.

[0039] Example 1 This embodiment provides a soil conditioning fertilizer for the synergistic effect of carbon and nitrogen in the root zone microecology of forest land; Raw material ratio (for preparing 100kg of finished product): Forestry waste fermentation carbon base: 50kg Activated humic acid complex: 22kg Compound functional bacteria fermentation broth: 14kg (spray-on addition) Plant-derived antibacterial active ingredient: 8kg Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator: 3kg Bentonite (granulation aid): 3 kg (balance).

[0040] Preparation steps: Preparation of fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste: Pre-treatment: The plant waste raw materials are crushed to a particle size ≤5mm, sieved to remove impurities, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, and urea is added to adjust the initial C / N ratio to 30:1; the plant waste raw materials include one or more of pine needles, branch fragments, bark, and fallen leaves; Aerobic fermentation: Inoculate with compound composting microbial agents, control the compost temperature at 55-65℃, provide ventilation and oxygen supply, and continue for 7-10 days, turning the compost 3-4 times during this period; the compound composting microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Anaerobic fermentation: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the mixture is sealed and piled up, and the temperature is lowered to 40-45℃ for 15-20 days. Fermentation endpoint indicators: cellulose degradation rate ≥40%, lignin degradation rate ≥25%, C / N ratio reduced to 20:1; Post-processing: The fermentation product is dried at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0041] Preparation of activated humic acid complex: Nitric acid activation: The weathered coal was mixed with 1.5 mol / L nitric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, filtered, and washed with water until the pH reached 5.0-6.0; the phytic acid content of the weathered coal was ≥70%. Secondary activation of microorganisms: The nitrate activation product is inoculated into a suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens suspension is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 Fermentation was carried out at 35°C and pH 6.5-7.0 for 48 hours (CFU / mL, inoculum 5%).

[0042] Preparation of compound functional bacteria fermentation broth: LB medium (for nitrogen-fixing spirochetes, nitrogen-free medium should be added), pH 6.8-7.2, temperature 30-32℃, dissolved oxygen ≥30%, fermentation cycle 48-72 hours; Fermentation endpoint: Total viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / mL, spore rate ≥80% (Bacillus); The fermentation broth of the compound functional bacteria consists of nitrogen-fixing spirochetes ( Azospirillum brasilense ), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Bacillus mucilaginosus ), Trichoderma viride ( Trichoderma viride The composition is 2:2:1:1.

[0043] Preparation of plant-derived antibacterial active agents: Pretreatment: Dry the plant raw materials to a moisture content of ≤10%, pulverize them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly according to the formula; the plant raw materials are composed of the following parts by weight: 3 parts Sophora flavescens, 2 parts Melia toosendan, 1.5 parts Tripterygium wilfordii, 2 parts garlic, and 1.5 parts chili pepper; Supercritical CO2 extraction: extraction pressure 35MPa, temperature 45℃, CO2 flow rate 20L / h, extraction time 2 hours, and extract collected; Microwave-assisted water extraction: Add 8 times the amount of water to the residue after supercritical extraction, microwave power 600W, temperature 60℃, extract for 30 minutes, filter, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume. Purification: The supercritical extract and the microwave water extract concentrate were combined and subjected to AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography. First, deionized water was used to remove impurities, and then 70% ethanol was used to elute and collect the active components. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to obtain the active ingredient powder.

[0044] Preparation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activators: Zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid were each pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and then mixed evenly in proportion. The zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid are present in the following weight ratios: zinc sulfate 1.0 part, ammonium molybdate 0.1 part, boric acid 0.3 part, and α-ketoglutaric acid 1.2 parts.

[0045] Add 50 kg of carbon-based material, 22 kg of activated humic acid complex, 3 kg of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator, and 3 kg of bentonite into a mixer and stir at low speed for 15 minutes until uniform. Add an appropriate amount of water (about 8-12kg) to adjust the material moisture to the point where it can be formed into a ball by hand and easily dispersed by light pressure. Then, feed it into a disc granulator at a speed of 200rpm and a granulation temperature of ≤45℃ to obtain granules with a diameter of 2-4mm. The particles were dried in a fluidized bed at 45°C until the moisture content was ≤10%. 14 kg of compound functional bacteria fermentation broth was evenly sprayed onto the surface of the particles using a spray gun (atomization pressure 0.3 MPa, spraying temperature ≤40℃), while spraying and turning the particles to ensure even distribution of the bacterial broth. Dissolve 8 kg of plant-derived antibacterial active agent in a small amount of 75% ethanol, then dilute with water to a sprayable state. Coat the sprayed particles evenly with the coating (coating temperature ≤40℃), and dry in a low-temperature fluidized bed until the moisture content is ≤12% to obtain the finished product.

[0046] Finished product test results: Total viable bacteria count: 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ 7 CFU / g; (Refer to GB20287-2006) Active ingredient content (calculated as matrine + azadirachtin): 2.8%; (refer to high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC method) Organic matter content: 48.3%; (Refer to potassium dichromate titration method - external heating method, according to NY525-2021) Moisture content: 10.2% (105℃ drying method, according to GB / T8576-2010).

[0047] Example 2 This embodiment provides a soil conditioning fertilizer for the synergistic effect of carbon and nitrogen in the root zone microecology of forest land; Applicable scenarios: Northern sandy soil, nutrient-poor forest land with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0048] Formula adjustments: Carbon base material: 60kg; Activated humic acid complex: 18kg Compound functional bacteria fermentation broth: 18kg Plant-derived antibacterial active ingredient: 6kg Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator: 2kg Process adjustments: Adding an appropriate amount of starch (2kg) as a binder during granulation enhances the disintegration of the granules in water; The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Finished product test results: Total viable bacteria count: 1.8 × 10⁻⁶ 7 CFU / g Active ingredient content: 2.3% Organic matter content: 52.1%.

[0050] Example 3 This embodiment provides a soil conditioning fertilizer for the synergistic effect of carbon and nitrogen in the root zone microecology of forest land; Applicable scenarios: acidic red soil, pH≤5.0, and forest land with high aluminum toxicity risk.

[0051] Formula adjustments: Carbon base material: 45kg Activated humic acid complex: 30kg (increases humic acid complexation of Al) 3+ (to alleviate aluminum toxicity) Compound functional bacteria fermentation broth: 12kg Plant-derived antibacterial active agent: 10kg (targeting Phytophthora root rot, which is prone to occur under acidic conditions) Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator: 3kg Process adjustments: Add 2 kg of dolomite powder during granulation to adjust the pH of the granule microenvironment to 6.0-6.5; The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Finished product test results: Total viable bacteria count: 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ 7 CFU / g Active ingredient content: 3.1% Particle pH (1:10 water extraction): 6.3.

[0053] Furthermore, to verify the synergistic effect of "carbon-rich matrix (C / N≈30:1) + activated humic acid complex" on soil organic carbon enhancement and nitrogen slow release, the following treatment groups were set up: Note: All the above treatments were applied to the test soil at an equal carbon content (C content 5g / kg soil), with a culture period of 60 days, and relevant indicators were measured regularly.

[0054] Detection indicators and methods: The test results are as follows: The results above show that: 1. The TOC increment of Example 1-2 (carbon-based material + humic acid) (5.3 g / kg) > Comparative Example 1-1 (3.2 g / kg) + Comparative Example 1-2 (2.8 g / kg) - CK (0.8 g / kg) ≈ 5.2 g / kg, indicating that there is an additive effect between the two.

[0055] 2. The nitrogen retention rate (72.6%) and TOC increment (5.3 g / kg) of the 30:1 treatment were better than those of 25:1 and 35:1, indicating that this ratio is beneficial to the balance of microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

[0056] 3. The TOC increment of Comparative Examples 1-3 (ordinary organic fertilizer) was only 41% of that of Examples 1-2, indicating that the carbon-based material prepared by two-stage fermentation is superior to ordinary organic fertilizer in terms of carbon pool stability and functional microbial carrier performance.

[0057] 4. The nitrogen leaching loss of the treatment groups with added activated humic acid (Examples 1-1 to 1-3) was significantly lower than that of the untreated group (Comparative Example 1-1), with a reduction of 45-57%, confirming that activated humic acid has a significant effect on NH4+ leaching. + Complexation and adsorption.

[0058] Furthermore, this application also provides the following comparative experiments: First, the comparative experiments on the substitution of various bacterial strains are as follows: Note: Az = Azotospirobacter, Bm = Bacillus megaterium, Bmu = Bacillus mucilaginosus, Tr = Trichoderma viride.

[0059] Second, the comparative experiments on the proportions of each bacterial species are as follows: Detection indicators and methods: Test results: Results of the strain replacement comparison experiment: The test results above show that: 1. Nitrogenase activity decreased by 69.6% (28.6→8.7) after the absence of Azospirobacter (Comparative Example 2-1). Although the available phosphorus level remained relatively high, the nitrogen supply capacity was severely impaired. This indicates that Azospirobacter plays an irreplaceable core role in the carbon-nitrogen synergy.

[0060] 2. After the phosphorus-deficient bacteria (Comparative Example 2-2) were introduced, the effective phosphorus level decreased by 63% (18.4→6.8), but the nitrogenase activity increased slightly (possibly due to reduced resource competition), indicating that there is a balance between resource competition and functional complementarity among the strains.

[0061] 3. The incidence of root rot increased from 8.3% to 23.4% (+182%) after the absence of Trichoderma (comparative examples 2-4), while the replacement of other strains had a relatively small impact on the incidence.

[0062] 4. The “1+1>2” effect of the four bacteria synergistic: The incidence of root rot with the four bacteria combination (8.3%) was significantly lower than that of the single nitrogen-fixing spirochete treatment (18.7%), and also lower than that of the Trichoderma-deficient treatment (23.4%), indicating that the antibacterial function of Trichoderma and the niche occupation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria form a multi-barrier effect.

[0063] Results of the experiment on optimizing the ratio of bacterial strains: Overall score = nitrogenase activity × 0.3 + available phosphorus increment × 0.3 + relative abundance of Trichoderma × 0.2 + phosphatase activity × 0.2, normalized.

[0064] The test results above show that: The optimal ratio is 1:2:2:1:1: This ratio results in balanced development of all indicators and the highest overall score (95.2). While excessive amplification of single-function bacteria (such as the dominance of Azotobacter in ratios 2-7) can improve individual indicators, it reduces overall efficacy.

[0065] 2. Resource competition equilibrium point: When the ratio of nitrogen-fixing spirochetes to phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium is 1:1 (2:2), the nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization functions reach the optimal balance. If the proportion of either strain is too high, it will inhibit the expression of the other.

[0066] The principle of appropriate proportion of Trichoderma: Although an excessively high proportion of green Trichoderma (compare ratios 2-9, 1:1:1:4) increases its own colonization density, nitrogenase activity and available phosphorus decrease by 35.3% and 41.8%, respectively. This may be because the competition of Trichoderma for space and nutrients inhibits the colonization of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

[0067] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0068] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner fertilizer that promotes synergistic carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the root zone microecology of forest land, characterized by: Composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste; 15-30 parts of activated humic acid complex; 8-20 parts of compound functional bacteria fermentation broth; 5-12 parts of plant-derived antibacterial active agent; Carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator 1-5 parts.

2. The soil conditioning fertilizer and pesticide for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic root zone microecology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fermented carbon base material from forestry organic waste is prepared by the following method: Pretreatment: Crush the plant waste raw materials to a particle size ≤5mm, sieve to remove impurities, add water to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, and add urea to adjust the initial C / N ratio to (30-35):1; the plant waste raw materials include one or more of pine needles, branch fragments, bark, and fallen leaves; Aerobic fermentation: Inoculate with compound composting microbial agents, control the compost temperature at 55-65℃, provide ventilation and oxygen supply, and continue for 7-10 days, turning the compost 3-4 times during this period; the compound composting microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Anaerobic fermentation: After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the mixture is sealed and piled up, and the temperature is lowered to 40-45℃ for 15-20 days. Fermentation endpoint indicators: cellulose degradation rate ≥40%, lignin degradation rate ≥25%, C / N ratio reduced to (20-25):1; Post-processing: The fermentation product is dried at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve.

3. The soil conditioning fertilizer and pesticide for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen root zone microecology of forest land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated humic acid complex was prepared by the following method: Nitric acid activation: The weathered coal was mixed with 1.5 mol / L nitric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, filtered, and washed with water until the pH reached 5.0-6.0; the phytic acid content of the weathered coal was ≥70%. Secondary activation of microorganisms: The nitrate activation product is inoculated into a suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens suspension is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 Fermentation was carried out at 35°C and pH 6.5-7.0 for 48 hours (CFU / mL, inoculum 5%).

4. The soil conditioning fertilizer and pesticide for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compound functional bacterial fermentation broth is composed of nitrogen-fixing spirochetes, phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus megaterium, mucilage Bacillus, and Trichoderma viride, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1:

1. Total viable count ≥2×10 8 CFU / mL.

5. The soil conditioning fertilizer and pesticide for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen root zone microecology of forest land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant-derived antibacterial active ingredient is prepared by the following method: Pretreatment: Dry the plant raw materials to a moisture content of ≤10%, pulverize them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly according to the formula; the plant raw materials are composed of the following parts by weight: 3 parts Sophora flavescens, 2 parts Melia toosendan, 1.5 parts Tripterygium wilfordii, 2 parts garlic, and 1.5 parts chili pepper; Supercritical CO2 extraction: extraction pressure 35 MPa, temperature 45℃, CO2 flow rate 20 L / h, extraction time 2 hours, and extract collected; Microwave-assisted water extraction: Add 8 times the amount of water to the residue after supercritical extraction, microwave power 600W, temperature 60℃, extract for 30 minutes, filter, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 5 of the original volume. Purification: The supercritical extract and the microwave water extract concentrate were combined and subjected to AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography. First, deionized water was used to remove impurities, and then 70% ethanol was used to elute and collect the active components. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to obtain the active ingredient powder.

6. The soil conditioning fertilizer and pesticide for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen root zone microecology of forest land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is prepared by the following method: Zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid were each pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and then mixed evenly in proportion. The zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid are present in the following weight ratios: zinc sulfate 0.5-1.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.05-0.2 parts, boric acid 0.1-0.5 parts, and α-ketoglutaric acid 0.5-2 parts.

7. The method for preparing soil conditioning fertilizer for forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic rhizosphere microecology according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The soil conditioning fertilizer for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen root zone microecology of forest land is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 portions of fermented carbon-based material from forestry organic waste; 22 parts of activated humic acid complex; 14 portions of fermentation broth containing compound functional bacteria; Eight portions of plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients; Three portions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator.

8. A method for preparing a soil conditioner fertilizer for the synergistic carbon and nitrogen rhizosphere microecology of forest land as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix the fermented carbon base material of forestry organic waste with the activated humic acid complex and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator in proportion and granulate to obtain primary particles. S2. Spray the compound functional bacteria fermentation broth onto the primary particles to obtain semi-finished particles; S3. The semi-finished product particles are coated with plant-derived antibacterial active agents and dried to obtain the target finished product.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, during the mixing and granulation process, the granulation environment temperature is ≤45℃ and the rotation speed is 200-300rpm. In step S2, the spraying temperature is ≤40℃, and the spraying amount is 8-20 parts / 100kg primary particles; In step S3, the coating temperature is ≤40℃, and the coating amount is 5-12 parts / 100kg of semi-finished granules; The moisture content of the target finished product is ≤12%.

10. The application of a microecological soil conditioner fertilizer, characterized in that: The microecological soil conditioner fertilizer is the forest land carbon and nitrogen synergistic root zone microecological soil conditioner fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-6, or is prepared by the preparation method described in claim 8 or 9. The application includes the following steps: A basic formula is defined, which consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 50 portions of fermented carbon-based material from forestry organic waste; 22 parts of activated humic acid complex; 14 portions of fermentation broth containing compound functional bacteria; Eight portions of plant-derived antibacterial active ingredients; 3 parts of carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator; When the forest soil used is northern sandy soil, the proportion of the forestry organic waste fermentation carbon base and the compound functional bacteria fermentation liquid is increased based on the basic formula, while the proportion of the activated humic acid complex, the plant-derived antibacterial active agent and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism activator is decreased. When the forest soil used is acidified soil from southern coniferous forests, the proportion of the activated humic acid complex and the plant-derived antibacterial active agent is increased based on the basic formula, while the proportion of the forestry organic waste fermentation carbon base and the compound functional bacteria fermentation liquid is reduced.

Images