Underground structure mass concrete pouring construction technology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of underground structure mass concrete pouring construction technology, it is related to underground construction technical field, with still can be cooled to concrete after vibrating rod vibrating, it has the advantages, its technical scheme main points are: step one: construction preparation and cooling water pipe laying;Step two: concrete layering pouring and vibrating, step three: start first mode of operation-assist vibrating compaction, in the concrete pouring vibrating operation process or vibrating operation is completed, before concrete initial setting, vibration generator works, so that cooling water pipe produces controllable micro-vibration, to the area that vibrating rod is difficult to reach and the concrete around cooling water pipe supplementary micro-vibration compaction;Step four: surface treatment and bleeding treatment, step five: start second mode of operation-water cooling cooling, in concrete hydration heat temperature rise period and peak period, make circulating cooling water into cooling water pipe network, take away concrete internal hydration heat;While closing vibration generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground construction technology, specifically to a construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures. Background Technology

[0002] Mass concrete refers to concrete with a minimum geometric dimension of 1 meter or more, or concrete that is expected to develop harmful cracks due to temperature changes and shrinkage caused by the heat of hydration of the cementitious materials. In underground structural engineering projects such as basement slabs and foundations for large equipment, the pouring quality of mass concrete directly affects the structure's impermeability and durability. Currently, the construction of mass concrete pouring for underground structures mainly includes: reinforcement binding, formwork erection, layered concrete pouring, vibration compaction, surface treatment, and curing. Cooling water pipes are commonly installed to control hydration heat cracks.

[0003] However, the existing Chinese patent application CN202423245792.7 proposes to integrate the cooling function into the vibrator to locally cool the concrete during the vibration process. However, the cooling function in this solution terminates after the vibration operation ends and cannot continue to function during the peak period of concrete hydration heat (usually 12 to 72 hours after pouring). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures, which has the advantage of allowing the concrete to be cooled even after vibration with a vibrator.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Construction preparation and cooling water pipe laying A cooling water pipe network is laid inside the steel mesh of the underground structure's bottom slab. The cooling water pipes are connected to the structural steel bars through a fixed structure, and a vibration generating device is installed on the cooling water pipe network. Step 2: Layered pouring and vibration of concrete The pouring process is carried out continuously in one go, with layered pouring. During the pouring process, an immersion vibrator is used to vibrate each layer. When vibrating, the vibrator rod avoids the cooling water pipes, and the vibrator insertion point is inserted into the gap between adjacent cooling water pipes. Step 3: Activate the first working mode—assisted vibration compaction. During the concrete pouring and vibration operation or after the vibration operation is completed and before the concrete initially sets, the vibration generator works to produce controllable micro-vibration in the cooling water pipe, which supplements the micro-vibration compaction of the concrete in areas that are difficult to reach by the vibrator and around the cooling water pipe. Step 4: Surface treatment and water seepage treatment After the concrete is poured to the design elevation, it is leveled and compacted; at the same time, the free water that seeps from the concrete surface is collected and removed. Step 5: Activate the second working mode—water cooling. During the heating and peak periods of concrete hydration heat, circulating cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe network to remove the hydration heat inside the concrete; at the same time, the vibration generating device is turned off. Step Six: Stop Water Supply and Perform Maintenance Once the peak internal temperature of the concrete drops and the internal and external temperature difference meets the requirements for 24 consecutive hours, stop the water supply, seal the cooling water pipe opening, and continue to carry out moisturizing and curing according to the specifications.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the vibration generating device and the cooling water pipe share the same pipe network structure, eliminating the need for additional pipe laying. Utilizing the distribution characteristics of the cooling water pipe itself, the "obstacle" is transformed into a "vibration source," reducing the blind zone of vibration. Water cooling is seamlessly connected after the auxiliary vibration is completed. The two modes do not overlap in time and do not interfere with each other, achieving the goal of cooling the concrete even after the vibrator has vibrated.

[0007] Preferably, in step three, the micro-vibration frequency is higher in the 0-8 hours after concrete pouring than in the 8-12 hours after pouring, and the vibration generator is turned off after 12 hours after pouring.

[0008] Preferably, the cooling water pipe network is buried inside the concrete of the underground structure's foundation slab, and the cooling water pipe network is connected to the cooling water circulation subsystem; the vibration generating device is connected to the cooling water pipe network and is used to cause the cooling water pipes to vibrate.

[0009] Preferably, the cooling water circulation subsystem includes: Water storage tank; The water inlet pump has its inlet end connected to the water storage tank and its outlet end connected to the water supply pipeline. The return water pump has its inlet end connected to the return water pipe and its outlet end connected to the water storage tank. The water supply pipeline is connected to the inlet of the cooling water network; The return water pipe is connected to the drain outlet of the cooling water network.

[0010] Preferably, in concrete vibration, the vibrator insertion points of the immersion vibrator are inserted in parallel, and the movement distance each time does not exceed 1.5 times the effective radius of the concrete vibrator. When vibrating, the vibrator should be inserted into the lower layer of concrete that has not yet set for 50-100mm.

[0011] Preferably, the immersion vibrator includes: The frame with wheels is equipped with a vertical guide rail, and a hollow long rod is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail. The frame is equipped with a drive unit that drives the long rod to move vertically up and down. Several swing arms, one end of which is fixedly clamped to the outer wall of the upper end of the vibrating rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to a long strip rod through an angle adjustment mechanism; An angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on the frame to lock the swing arm between 0° (horizontal) and a set angle (>0° and ≤45°); When the swing arm is at 0°, the vibrator is in a vertical position and moves along the vertical guide rail; when the swing arm is at an angle, the vibrator moves in a circular arc reciprocating motion with the swing arm.

[0012] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod rotatably connected to the opposite sidewalls of the elongated rod. Both ends of the rotating rod extend out of the outer wall of the elongated rod, and a herringbone gear is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of each extended rod. One end of each swing arm is fixedly connected to the rotating rod. A sliding plate is horizontally slidably connected to the frame near the lower end of the frame. A herringbone rack is fixedly provided on the sliding plate. When the driving component drives the elongated rod to move downward until the herringbone gear meshes with the herringbone rack, the rotating rod and each swing arm rotate together. The frame is provided with a power component that drives the sliding plate to move horizontally left and right.

[0013] Preferably, the vibration generating device includes: The impeller is mounted inside the cooling water pipe via a rotating shaft, and both ends of the rotating shaft are fixed to the inner wall of the cooling water pipe via mounting plates. At least one eccentric mass block is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft, and the end of the eccentric mass block furthest from the rotating shaft is connected to a striking ball via a connecting rope; The eccentric mass block is rigidly fixed to the rotating shaft, and the eccentric mass block rotates synchronously with the impeller.

[0014] Preferably, as the water flow rate in the cooling water pipe slows down, the impeller speed decreases accordingly, and the vibration intensity of the striking ball hitting the inner wall of the cooling water pipe naturally weakens. If it is necessary to completely shut off the vibration function, simply adjust the water flow mode to a state where the impeller is not driven, that is, reduce the flow rate. At this time, the intensity of the striking ball hitting the inner wall of the cooling water pipe is completely synchronized with the start and stop of the water flow and the change in flow rate.

[0015] Preferably, the slide has a guide rod on one side of the herringbone rack, the length direction of the guide rod is parallel to the length direction of the herringbone rack, and both ends of the rotating rod have rectangular blocks on the outside of the herringbone gear. When only the vibrating rod needs to move vertically downward, the herringbone gear and the herringbone rack are misaligned, and one vertical sidewall of the rectangular block contacts the vertical sidewall of the guide rod.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By combining "inserting the vibrator through the gap in the cooling water pipe" and "the cooling water pipe itself vibrating to fill the blind spot", the "avoidance" is transformed into "cooperation"; 2. Cooling water pipes are no longer passive cooling pipes, but "vibration sources" that actively participate in the concrete compaction process. They take advantage of the wide distribution of cooling water pipes in the concrete to fill areas that vibrators cannot reach, such as under the water pipes and in areas with dense reinforcement. 3. The first mode (assisted vibration) is completed before the initial setting of the concrete, and the second mode (water cooling) is started during the heating period, so the timing of the two modes is naturally staggered. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the cooling water pipe in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the vibration generating device in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the immersion vibrator in this embodiment; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relative structure of the herringbone gear and the herringbone rack in this embodiment.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1. Cooling water pipe; 11. Impeller; 12. Shaft; 121. Eccentric mass block; 122. Connecting rope; 123. Striking ball; 13. Mounting plate; 14. Water inlet; 15. Drain outlet; 16. Water storage tank; 161. Water inlet pump; 162. Water return pump; 163. Water supply pipe; 164. Water return pipe; 2. Frame; 21. Vertical guide rail; 22. Long rod; 23. Electric cylinder; 24. Swing arm; 25. Rotating rod; 251. Herringbone gear; 252. Connecting groove; 26. Slide plate; 261. Herringbone rack; 262. Horizontal groove; 263. Horizontal block; 264. Lead screw; 265. Servo motor; 27. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] This embodiment takes a basement floor slab as an example. The slab is 1.8m thick, with a concrete strength grade of C35 and a permeability grade of P8. The construction process of this invention is used for pouring, and the specific steps are as follows: A construction technique for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures, such as Figure 1-6 This includes the following steps: Step 1: Construction Preparation and Laying of Cooling Water Pipes During the binding of the steel reinforcement mesh for the underground structure's base slab, a cooling water pipe network is laid simultaneously. Cooling water pipe 1 is made of DN40 galvanized steel pipe with a wall thickness of 2.5mm, a horizontal spacing of 1.2m, and a single layer arrangement. Cooling water pipe 1 is fixed to the base slab structural steel reinforcement by welding with U-shaped steel reinforcement clips, with a fixing point set every 1.5m. A vibration generating device is installed on the cooling water pipe network. like Figure 1-6 Step 2: Layered pouring and vibration of concrete The method involves continuous pouring in one go, layered pouring, and pouring to the top in one go: two concrete pump trucks are used to pour at the same time, with a layer thickness of 600mm. Vibration is carried out using an immersion vibrator with a vibrator diameter of 50mm and an effective radius of 350mm. During compaction, each vibrator of the immersion vibrator is vertically inserted into the gap between adjacent cooling water pipes 1, with an insertion depth of 80mm into the lower layer of concrete. Each point is vibrated for 30 seconds. The number of vibrators for the immersion vibrator is determined based on the amount of space between adjacent straight sections of cooling water pipe 1. Figure 2 The image is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent that the cooling water pipe 1 is only this long; During vibration, each vibrator of the immersion vibrator is first vertically inserted into the gap between adjacent cooling water pipes 1, with an insertion depth of 80mm into the lower layer of concrete, and each point is vibrated for 30 seconds. For areas with dense cooling water pipes 1, a vertical-then-inclined mode is adopted: the vibrator is kept in the inserted state, and the angle adjustment mechanism drives the swing arm 24 to tilt upward, so that the vibrator moves in an arc within the space between the cooling water pipes 1, expanding the vibration range and further reducing the vibration blind zone.

[0023] The immersion vibrator has two switchable working modes: the first is a pure vertical mode, which is suitable for large, conventional areas; the second is a vertical-then-inclined mode, which is suitable for areas with dense cooling water pipes. The two modes are switched by controlling the servo motor 265 to drive the slide plate 26 to move horizontally, without the need to replace any parts.

[0024] like Figure 1-6 Step 3: Activate the first working mode—assisted vibration compaction. The vibration generating device includes: The impeller 11 is installed in the inner cavity of the cooling water pipe 1 via the rotating shaft 12. Both ends of the rotating shaft 12 are fixed to the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 1 via mounting plates 13. Specifically, there are two mounting plates 13, which are distributed at both ends of the rotating shaft 12 and are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 12. Both the upper and lower ends of the mounting plates 13 are fixedly installed inside the cooling water pipe 1. The width of the mounting plates 13 is smaller than the diameter of the cooling water pipe 1 to facilitate water flow. The mounting plates 13 are only used to facilitate fixing the rotating shaft 12 inside the cooling water pipe 1. At least one eccentric mass block 121 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 12. The rotating shaft 12 is not aligned with the center of the cooling water pipe 1. The end of the eccentric mass block 121 that is furthest from the rotating shaft 12 is connected to a striking ball 123 via a connecting rope 122. When the eccentric mass block 121 rotates with the rotating shaft 12, the striking ball 123 at the end furthest from the rotating shaft 12 sometimes hits the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 1 and sometimes moves away from the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 1, forming a periodic knocking. The eccentric mass block 121 is rigidly fixed to the rotating shaft 12, and the eccentric mass block 121 rotates synchronously with the impeller 11.

[0025] As the water flow rate in cooling water pipe 1 slows down, the speed of impeller 11 decreases accordingly, and the vibration intensity of the striking ball 123 striking the inner wall of cooling water pipe 1 naturally weakens. If it is necessary to completely turn off the vibration function, simply adjust the water flow mode to a state where the impeller 11 is not driven, that is, reduce the flow rate. At this time, the intensity of the striking ball 123 striking the inner wall of cooling water pipe 1 is completely synchronized with the start and stop of water flow and the change in flow rate.

[0026] During or after concrete pouring and vibration, before the concrete sets, the cooling water circulation pumps (inlet pump 161, return pump 162) are started to allow cooling water to flow into the cooling water pipe network. At this time, the water flow impacts the impeller 11 to rotate, and the impeller 11 drives the rotating shaft 12 and the eccentric mass block 121 to rotate synchronously. The eccentric mass block 121 drives the connecting rope 122 and the striking ball 123 to make circular motion, so that the connecting rope 122 is tensioned and the striking ball 123 periodically strikes the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 1 under the action of centrifugal force, generating micro-vibration.

[0027] Vibration intensity is automatically synchronized with water flow rate: Within 0 to 8 hours after pouring, the water flow rate is relatively large, the impeller 11 rotates at a high speed, and the striking frequency of the striking balls 123 is 40 to 50 Hz, which provides supplementary micro-vibration compaction for areas that are difficult to reach by the vibrator and around the cooling water pipe 1. Within 8 to 12 hours after pouring, the water flow rate is adjusted to medium speed, the impeller speed 11 decreases, the striking frequency of the striking ball 123 drops to 20 to 30 Hz, and the vibration intensity is reduced.

[0028] In this embodiment, the arrangement of the vibration generating device adopts a multi-point distributed scheme: along the length of the cooling water pipe network, the first vibration generating device is set at the inlet 14 of the cooling water pipe 1, and then a vibration generating device is added every 50~80m along the pipe flow direction, and a vibration generating device is also added at each U-shaped bend (the position where the water flow direction changes).

[0029] The cooling water pipe network includes several horizontally distributed cooling water pipes 1 and U-shaped bends connecting adjacent horizontal pipes. The whole network is in a continuous S-shape, with inlet 14 and outlet 15 at each end.

[0030] For example, the total length of the cooling water pipeline network is 350m, and a total of 5 vibration generating devices are installed: 141 inlets, one at 60m, 120m, 180m and 240m along the pipeline flow direction, and no additional device is installed before the drain outlet 15 of cooling water pipe 1 (because the device at 240m is already close to the drain outlet 15). The multi-point distributed scheme ensures that every section of the pipeline in the entire cooling water pipeline network can obtain sufficient vibration energy, ensuring that areas that are difficult to reach by the vibrator can be effectively compacted.

[0031] like Figure 1-6 Step 4: Surface treatment and water seepage treatment After the concrete is poured to the design elevation, it is leveled with a 2m screed and roughened with a wooden trowel. Drainage holes are opened at the bottom of the formwork at the end of the pouring direction to collect the oozing water on the concrete surface and absorb it with a sponge.

[0032] like Figure 1-6 Step 5: Activate the second working mode—water cooling. Twelve hours after the concrete pouring is completed, the water flow mode is switched to a state where the impeller 11 is not driven, that is, the flow rate is reduced, the impeller 11 stops rotating, and the vibration stops automatically, or the flow rate is reduced, the impeller 11 rotates, but the speed is not enough to drive the connecting rope 122 to tighten, so that the striking ball 123 strikes the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 1.

[0033] During the heating and peak periods of concrete hydration heat, circulating cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe network to remove the hydration heat inside the concrete. At the same time, the vibration generator is automatically stopped by reducing the water flow velocity. In addition, to reduce the cooling efficiency caused by the reduction in water flow in the 12th hour, a chiller can be installed at the inlet 14 of the cooling water pipe 1 to reduce the water temperature inside the cooling water pipe 1.

[0034] The specific method to turn off the vibration function is as follows: by adjusting the frequency of the water inlet pump 161 (frequency conversion control) or closing the regulating valve on the water supply pipe 163, the water flow rate in the cooling water pipe 1 is gradually reduced. When the flow rate drops below the starting threshold of the impeller 11, the impeller 11 stops rotating and the vibration stops automatically; or although the flow rate can make the impeller 11 rotate at a low speed, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation is insufficient to tension the connecting rope 122, and the striking ball 123 cannot be thrown out to strike the pipe wall, so the vibration is also in a stopped state; at this time, the cooling water continues to flow into the cooling water pipe network at a low flow rate to maintain basic control of the heat of hydration.

[0035] The starting flow velocity threshold of impeller 11 and the centrifugal force threshold required for tensioning connecting rope 122 can be determined through pre-testing. The specific method is as follows: Before construction, the vibration generator is installed in the test pipeline, and the water flow velocity is gradually increased. The flow velocity when impeller 11 starts to rotate (denoted as V1) and the flow velocity when connecting rope 122 is tensioned and striking ball 123 starts to strike the pipe wall (denoted as V2) are recorded. The larger value between V1 and V2 is taken as the minimum flow velocity requirement for starting the vibration function. In this embodiment, V1 is 0.3 m / s and V2 is 0.5 m / s, as determined by pre-testing. Therefore, the starting flow velocity threshold of the vibration function is set to 0.5 m / s. When the flow velocity is ≥0.5 m / s, the vibration function is turned on; when the flow velocity is <0.5 m / s, the vibration function is turned off.

[0036] The process requirements for water cooling of large-volume concrete are as follows: a large flow rate is needed in the initial stage of pouring (0-12 hours) to drive vibration and begin cooling; after 12 hours of pouring, the flow rate can be appropriately reduced to maintain temperature difference control. The vibration generating device of this invention is naturally adapted to this process requirement: a large flow rate (flow rate ≥ 0.5 m / s) is used in the 0-12 hours, and the vibration is automatically turned on; after 12 hours, the flow rate is reduced (flow rate < 0.5 m / s), and the vibration is automatically turned off. The start and stop of the vibration function are completely synchronized with the adjustment of the cooling water flow.

[0037] like Figure 1-6 Step Six: Stop water supply and perform maintenance According to data from temperature sensors embedded inside the concrete, the highest temperature inside the concrete occurred 60 hours after pouring, and then slowly decreased until the 7th day, when water supply was stopped, the water pipe openings were sealed, and the concrete was covered and kept moisturized for another 14 days.

[0038] Once the peak internal temperature of the concrete drops and the internal and external temperature difference meets the requirements for 24 consecutive hours, stop the water supply and seal one opening of the cooling water pipe.

[0039] The vibration generating device and the cooling water pipe 1 share the same pipe network structure, eliminating the need for additional pipe installation. By utilizing the distribution characteristics of the cooling water pipe 1 itself, the "obstacle" is transformed into a "vibration source," reducing the blind zone of vibration. Water cooling is seamlessly connected after the auxiliary vibration is completed. The two modes do not overlap in time and do not interfere with each other, achieving the goal of cooling the concrete even after the vibrator has vibrated.

[0040] like Figure 1-6 The vibration generating device has the following effects: Power source: entirely dependent on the kinetic energy of the water flow within cooling water pipe 1; Start-up method: Automatically synchronized with the start and stop of the cooling water circulation system; Intensity adjustment: Vibration intensity is directly proportional to water flow rate; a larger flow rate results in stronger vibration, while a smaller flow rate results in weaker vibration. Structural features: The impeller 11 is rigidly fixedly connected to the eccentric mass block 121, with no clutch mechanism and no control cable leading out of the pipe; When the flow velocity is high, the centrifugal force tensions the connecting rope 122, and the striking ball 123 strikes the pipe wall with a high frequency and force. When the flow velocity drops below a certain threshold, the centrifugal force is insufficient to tension the connecting rope 122, and the striking force of the striking ball 123 is significantly reduced until it stops. Therefore, by adjusting the water flow velocity, the vibration intensity can be continuously or stepwise adjusted from strong to weak to none.

[0041] The cooling water pipe network is buried inside the concrete of the underground structure's foundation slab. After pouring, the cooling water pipe 1 is not removed and remains directly in the poured concrete. The cooling water pipe network is connected to the cooling water circulation subsystem. The vibration generating device is connected to the cooling water pipe network and is used to make the cooling water pipe 1 vibrate.

[0042] like Figure 1-6 The cooling water circulation subsystem includes: The water storage tank 16 has a volume of not less than 20m³ and is used to store circulating cooling water. A water level sensor and a water replenishment device are installed in the tank. The inlet pump 161 is a variable frequency centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 20~40m³ / h. The inlet end is connected to the water storage tank 16, and the outlet end is connected to the water supply pipe 163. The return water pump 162 is matched with the inlet water pump 161. The inlet end is connected to the return water pipe 164, and the outlet end is connected to the water storage tank 16. Water supply pipe 163, with a pipe diameter not less than the pipe diameter of cooling water pipe 1 inlet 14, is connected to cooling water pipe 1 inlet 14 by flange or thread. The return water pipe 164 is connected to the cooling water network drain outlet 15 via a flange or thread; The entire cooling water pipe 1 is in a continuous S-shape, with only the two ends being the water inlet 14 and the water outlet 15, which are respectively connected to the water supply pipe 163 and the return water pipe 164.

[0043] For concrete vibration, the vibrator rods in the immersion vibrator are inserted in parallel. The distance moved each time should not exceed 1.5 times the effective radius of the concrete vibrator rod. When vibrating, the vibrator rod should be inserted into the lower layer of concrete that has not yet set for 50-100mm. The depth of insertion of the vibrator rod into the lower layer of concrete that has not yet set for 50-100mm is 80mm. The vibration time at each point is 30 seconds, until the concrete surface no longer sinks significantly, no air bubbles appear, and mortar appears on the surface.

[0044] like Figure 4-6 Insertion vibratory compactors include: The frame 2 is a horizontal plate with four wheels, which are arranged in pairs at both ends of the horizontal plate along its length. The wheels can be driven by a motor or manually pushed, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Vertical guide rails 21 are provided on the vertical surface of the horizontal plate. Several vertical guide rails 21 are provided and are spaced apart on the surface of the horizontal plate. Hollow long rods 22 are slidably connected to the horizontal plate through the vertical guide rails 21. The length of the long rods 22 is consistent with the length of the horizontal plate. The longitudinal section of the long rods 22 is a rectangular frame. The frame 2 is provided with a driving component that drives the long rods 22 to move vertically up and down. The driving component is several electric cylinders 23 set on the horizontal plate and located above the long rods 22. The piston rods of the electric cylinders 23 are vertically downward and fixedly connected to the upper end of the long rods 22. like Figure 4-6 Several swing arms 24, one end of which is fixedly clamped to the outer wall of the upper end of the vibrating rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the long rod 22 through the angle adjustment mechanism; An angle adjustment mechanism is provided on the frame 2 to lock the swing arm 24 between 0° (horizontal) and a set angle (>0° and ≤45°); When the swing arm 24 is at 0°, the vibrator is in a vertical position and moves along the vertical guide rail 21; when the swing arm 24 is at an angle, the vibrator moves in a circular arc with the swing arm 24.

[0045] like Figure 4-6The angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod 25 rotatably connected to the opposite side wall of the elongated rod 22. The length of the rotating rod 25 is distributed along the length direction of the elongated rod 22. Both ends of the rotating rod 25 extend out of the outer wall of the elongated rod 22, and a herringbone gear 251 is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the extended ends. The upper end face of the rotating rod 25 and the side facing away from the horizontal plate are provided with interconnecting grooves 252. One end of each swing arm 24 enters the elongated rod 22 through the connecting groove 252 and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 25. At this time, one end of each swing arm 24 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 25. When the lower end face of the swing arm 24 abuts against the lower end wall of the connecting groove 252, the swing arm 24 is in a horizontal state, while the vibrator on the swing arm 24 is in a vertical state. A sliding plate 26 is horizontally slidably connected to the frame 2 near the lower end of the frame 2. The surface of the sliding plate 26 is flat. The slide plate 26 is fixed with a herringbone rack 261. When the driving component drives the long bar 22 to move downward until the herringbone gear 251 meshes with the herringbone rack 261, the rotating rod 25 and each swing arm 24 rotate together. The frame 2 is equipped with a power component that drives the slide plate 26 to move horizontally left and right. Several horizontal grooves 262 are opened on the horizontal plate. The slide plate 26 is equipped with horizontal blocks 263 that slide in each horizontal groove 262. The horizontal grooves 262 are distributed vertically at intervals. The power component includes a lead screw 264 rotatably connected to the groove wall of the horizontal groove 262 located in the middle position. The horizontal plate is equipped with a servo motor 265 that drives the lead screw 264 to rotate. When one side of the horizontal block 263 abuts against the groove wall of the horizontal groove 262 away from the long bar 22, the herringbone rack 261 and the herringbone gear 251 are opposite each other (e.g., Figure 6 When the herringbone gear 251 is lowered to the position where it meshes with the herringbone rack 261, the herringbone rack 261 is located between the herringbone gear 251 and the slide plate 26; when the servo motor 265 reverses and drives the lead screw 264 to rotate, thereby driving the horizontal block 263 to move to another groove wall in the horizontal direction of the horizontal groove 262, the herringbone rack 261 and the herringbone gear 251 are misaligned.

[0046] like Figure 4-6 When the herringbone gear 251 meshes with the herringbone rack 261, it drives the swing arm 24 to rotate upward, causing the vibrator to tilt. The herringbone gear 251 is composed of two helical gears with opposite directions of rotation. The axial forces generated during operation cancel each other out, eliminating the need for thrust bearings or complex axial positioning structures, thus simplifying the design.

[0047] like Figure 4-6The slide plate 26 has a guide rod 27 on one side of the herringbone rack 261. The length direction of the guide rod 27 is parallel to the length direction of the herringbone rack 261. The height of the guide rod 27 is higher than the height of the herringbone rack 261, and the highest point of the guide rod 27 extends to the highest point of the elongated plate when it moves upward. Both ends of the rotating rod 25 are fixed with rectangular blocks on the outside of the herringbone gear 251. When only the vibrator needs to move vertically downward, the side walls of the rectangular blocks are vertically and horizontally distributed. The guide rod 27 is a rectangular rod. The rectangular blocks are opposite to the guide rod 27, and one side wall of the rectangular blocks is in contact with one side wall of the guide rod 27, which restricts the position of the rectangular blocks so that the rotating rod 25 cannot rotate. This reduces the occurrence of unstable position of the rotating rod 25 due to the action of the concrete after the vibrator enters the concrete. At this time, the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 are misaligned.

[0048] like Figure 4-6 The specific operation of the oblique vibration mode is as follows: After the vibrator is vertically inserted into the concrete to a certain depth (e.g., 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total depth) through the gap of the cooling water pipe 1, as the long rod 22 continues to move downward, the slide plate 26 moves horizontally, so that the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 are in the meshing position. The meshing of the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 drives the rotating rod 25 to rotate, and the swing arm 24 gradually tilts upward from the horizontal position, causing the vibrator to gradually change the insertion angle inside the concrete, so that the lower end of the vibrator moves away from the long rod 22. The tilting movement of the vibrator is within the space between two adjacent cooling water pipes 1, thereby expanding the range of action of the vibrator inside the concrete.

[0049] The immersion vibratory compactor has two working modes: Type 1: The vibrator is always in a vertically downward mode, with the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 misaligned. Vertical downward insertion is the standard operating mode of the vibrator, and it has the following irreplaceable functions: Precisely insert through the gaps in cooling water pipe 1: The horizontal spacing of cooling water pipe 1 is 1.2m, the diameter of the vibrator is 50mm, and vertical insertion is the most direct and safest way to enter, without touching the water pipe.

[0050] Ensure consistent insertion depth: In vertical mode, the vibrator moves in a straight line, making it easy to control the insertion depth (80mm for the lower layer of concrete), resulting in good consistency in vibration quality.

[0051] The second type is the vertical-then-tilting mode of the vibrator. This mode is a combined action mode: the vibrator is first vertically inserted into the concrete to a predetermined depth through the gap between adjacent cooling water pipes 1. Then, while maintaining the insertion state, the angle adjustment mechanism drives the swing arm 24 to tilt upward, so that the vibrator makes an arc motion in the space between the cooling water pipes 1, changing the posture and position of the vibrator inside the concrete, thereby expanding the vibration range and supplementing the vibration of areas that are difficult to reach in the vertical mode.

[0052] Phase 1: Vertical Insertion The angle adjustment mechanism is in the vertical mode locked state: the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 are misaligned, one side wall of the rectangular block is in contact with one side wall of the guide rod 27, the swing arm 24 is in the horizontal position (0°), and the vibrator is in a vertical posture.

[0053] Start the electric cylinder 23 to drive the long rod 22 to move downward along the vertical guide rail 21, and the vibrator rod moves vertically and linearly with the long rod 22.

[0054] The vibrator is inserted vertically into the concrete through the gap between two adjacent cooling water pipes 1, with an insertion depth of 50~100mm (e.g., 80mm) below the lower layer of concrete.

[0055] Once the predetermined depth is reached, the vibrator is activated and vibrates for 30 seconds to complete the initial vibration at that point.

[0056] Phase Two: Attitude Switching and Tilt Vibration The vibrator remains inserted (vibrating continuously), the electric cylinder 23 pauses its downward movement, and the angle adjustment mechanism is configured such that during the angle switching process of the vibrator, the vibration intensity of the vibrator is temporarily reduced or paused, and then restored or increased to the working vibration intensity after the angle adjustment is completed.

[0057] Start the servo motor 265 to drive the slide plate 26 to move horizontally, so that the herringbone gear 251 and the herringbone rack 261 enter the meshing position.

[0058] The electric cylinder 23 continues to move slowly downward (for example, downward by 10~20mm), the herringbone gear 251 gradually approaches the herringbone rack 261, the herringbone gear 251 rotates under the action of the herringbone rack 261, driving the rotating rod 25 to rotate, and the swing arm 24 gradually tilts upward from the horizontal position (0°), with the tilt angle ranging from 15° to 30°.

[0059] When the swing arm 24 tilts upward, the vibrator moves in an arc within the space between adjacent cooling water pipes 1, and the posture of the vibrator gradually changes from vertical to tilted. During the tilting process, the vibrator continues to vibrate, effectively compacting the concrete that was originally located around the vibrator.

[0060] Phase Three: Resetting and Removing After the tilting vibration is completed, the electric cylinder 23 reverses and moves upward, the herringbone gear 251 rotates in the opposite direction under the action of the rack, the swing arm 24 gradually returns from the upward tilting state to the horizontal position, and the vibrating rod synchronously returns to the vertical posture.

[0061] The vibrator remains vertical and continues to move upward with the long rod 22, then is pulled vertically out of the concrete.

[0062] After pulling it out, the vibrator can be moved to the next vibration point and the above operation can be repeated.

[0063] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construction preparation and cooling water pipe laying A cooling water pipe network is laid inside the steel mesh of the underground structure's bottom slab. The cooling water pipes are connected to the structural steel bars through a fixed structure, and a vibration generating device is installed on the cooling water pipe network. Step 2: Layered pouring and vibration of concrete The pouring process is carried out continuously in one go, with layered pouring. During the pouring process, an immersion vibrator is used to vibrate each layer. When vibrating, the vibrator rod avoids the cooling water pipes, and the vibrator insertion point is inserted into the gap between adjacent cooling water pipes. Step 3: Activate the first working mode—assisted vibration compaction. During the concrete pouring and vibration operation or after the vibration operation is completed and before the concrete initially sets, the vibration generator works to produce controllable micro-vibration in the cooling water pipe, which supplements the micro-vibration compaction of the concrete in areas that are difficult to reach by the vibrator and around the cooling water pipe. Step 4: Surface treatment and water seepage treatment After the concrete is poured to the design elevation, it is leveled and compacted; at the same time, the free water that seeps from the concrete surface is collected and removed. Step 5: Activate the second working mode—water cooling. During the heating and peak periods of concrete hydration heat, circulating cooling water is introduced into the cooling water pipe network to remove the hydration heat inside the concrete; at the same time, the vibration generating device is turned off. Step Six: Stop Water Supply and Perform Maintenance Once the peak internal temperature of the concrete drops and the internal and external temperature difference meets the requirements for 24 consecutive hours, stop the water supply, seal the cooling water pipe opening, and continue to carry out moisturizing and curing according to the specifications.

2. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the micro-vibration frequency is higher in the 0-8 hours after concrete pouring than in the 8-12 hours after pouring, and the vibration generator is turned off after 12 hours after pouring.

3. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling water pipe network is buried inside the concrete of the underground structure's foundation slab and is connected to the cooling water circulation subsystem; the vibration generating device is connected to the cooling water pipe network and is used to cause the cooling water pipes to vibrate.

4. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling water circulation subsystem includes: Water storage tank; The water inlet pump has its inlet end connected to the water storage tank and its outlet end connected to the water supply pipeline. The return water pump has its inlet end connected to the return water pipe and its outlet end connected to the water storage tank. The water supply pipeline is connected to the inlet of the cooling water network; The return water pipe is connected to the drain outlet of the cooling water network.

5. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, For concrete vibration, the vibrator rods in the immersion vibrator are inserted in parallel, and the distance moved each time does not exceed 1.5 times the effective radius of the concrete vibrator rod. When vibrating, the vibrator rod should be inserted into the lower layer of concrete that has not yet set for 50-100mm.

6. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The immersion vibrator includes: The frame with wheels is equipped with a vertical guide rail, and a hollow long rod is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail. The frame is equipped with a drive unit that drives the long rod to move vertically up and down. Several swing arms, one end of which is fixedly clamped to the outer wall of the upper end of the vibrating rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to a long strip rod through an angle adjustment mechanism; An angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on the frame to lock the swing arm between 0° (horizontal) and a set angle (>0° and ≤45°); When the swing arm is at 0°, the vibrator is in a vertical position and moves along the vertical guide rail; when the swing arm is at an angle, the vibrator moves in a circular arc reciprocating motion with the swing arm.

7. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating rod rotatably connected to the opposite side wall of the elongated rod. Both ends of the rotating rod extend out of the outer wall of the elongated rod, and a herringbone gear is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of each extended rod. One end of each swing arm is fixedly connected to the rotating rod. A sliding plate is horizontally slidably connected to the frame near the lower end of the frame. A herringbone rack is fixedly provided on the sliding plate. When the driving component drives the elongated rod to move downward until the herringbone gear meshes with the herringbone rack, the rotating rod and each swing arm rotate together. The frame is provided with a power component that drives the sliding plate to move horizontally left and right.

8. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration generating device includes: The impeller is mounted inside the cooling water pipe via a rotating shaft, and both ends of the rotating shaft are fixed to the inner wall of the cooling water pipe via mounting plates. At least one eccentric mass block is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft, and the end of the eccentric mass block furthest from the rotating shaft is connected to a striking ball via a connecting rope; The eccentric mass block is rigidly fixed to the rotating shaft, and the eccentric mass block rotates synchronously with the impeller.

9. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 8, characterized in that, As the water flow rate in the cooling water pipe slows down, the impeller speed decreases accordingly, and the vibration intensity of the striking ball hitting the inner wall of the cooling water pipe naturally weakens. If it is necessary to completely turn off the vibration function, simply adjust the water flow mode to a state where the impeller is not driven, that is, reduce the flow rate. At this time, the intensity of the striking ball hitting the inner wall of the cooling water pipe is completely synchronized with the start and stop of the water flow and the change in flow rate.

10. The construction process for large-volume concrete pouring in underground structures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The slide has a guide rod on one side of the herringbone rack, and the length direction of the guide rod is parallel to the length direction of the herringbone rack. Both ends of the rotating rod have rectangular blocks on the outside of the herringbone gear. When only the vibrating rod needs to move vertically downward, the herringbone gear and the herringbone rack are misaligned, and one vertical sidewall of the rectangular block contacts the vertical sidewall of the guide rod.

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