A two-network balance valve layered partition linkage adjusting method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of heat supply pipe network regulation, and discloses a two-network balance valve layered and partitioned linkage regulation method and system, which comprises the following steps: establishing a solar heat sensitivity grading file of each building, and calibrating the backwater temperature offset caused by the per-unit main facade received irradiance intensity in the calibration period; calculating the real-time backwater temperature offset in daily operation and stripping the real-time backwater temperature offset from the measured backwater temperature to obtain a corrected backwater temperature; calculating the deviation based on the transverse comparison result of the corrected backwater temperatures of the buildings in each partition, and then generating a balance valve target opening degree adjustment instruction and performing a predictive correction; and finally, combining a household-level solar benefit classification, driving a household-level intelligent valve to perform differential linkage regulation; the application can eliminate the interference of solar radiation on two-network balance regulation, and realizes precise linkage balance regulation of the two networks in layers and partitions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heating network regulation technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for the interlocking regulation of layered and zoned balancing valves in a two-network system. Background Technology

[0002] With the evolution of smart heating technology, the regulation mode of secondary heating networks (hereinafter referred to as secondary networks) has shifted from traditional manual experience-based regulation to automated control based on real-time monitoring data. In complex urban heating systems, the hydraulic and thermal balance of the secondary network is a key link in ensuring the quality of end-point heating and reducing circulating energy consumption. Currently, the industry generally uses intelligent balancing valves as end-point regulation actuators, which realize real-time reconstruction of hydraulic conditions by sensing network status parameters.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent CN111928335B discloses a hydraulic balancing method for a secondary network based on intelligent valves. This method automatically calculates the resistance of valves and buildings using monitoring data from intelligent valves. Based on the network topology and graph theory, it constructs a directed graph model composed of nodes and pipe segments. By recording the network operation under multiple conditions, it calculates the actual resistance of each pipe segment. Finally, it automatically adjusts the valve opening using a hydraulic balancing algorithm to achieve hydraulic balance in the secondary network. This effectively avoids hydraulic distortion caused by determining flow rate based on valve opening and reduces manual adjustments. The cost and uncertainty; Chinese patent CN116717838B discloses an intelligent secondary network balancing system and its adjustment method. The system is equipped with devices such as a typical user room temperature collector, an intelligent heating balancing valve, a unit control cabinet, a heat exchange station control cabinet, a secondary network variable frequency circulating water pump, and an upper platform. The intelligent heating balancing valve integrates multiple types of temperature and pressure sensors. The devices achieve data interaction and remote control through various communication methods such as the Internet of Things, LoRa, and bus, thus establishing a multi-dimensional monitoring and centralized control secondary network balancing system.

[0004] However, in actual operation, the secondary network return water temperature signal exhibits significant "non-thermal imbalance fluctuations" due to environmental meteorological factors, especially solar radiation. Because of differences in the orientation of the main facades and window-to-wall ratios of buildings, solar radiation enters the interior during the day through glass transmission and external wall conduction, generating significant "transient thermal gain." This leads to a decrease in the heat exchange temperature difference of radiators in south-facing buildings receiving more radiation, resulting in a passive increase in return water temperature. This rise in return water temperature due to external radiation often masks the actual heating shortfall in south-facing buildings caused by insufficient flow distribution in the pipe network. This causes the system to misjudge a "thermal equilibrium state" when the return water temperatures of all buildings are similar during the day, resulting in the balancing valves maintaining a small opening or even further reducing it. When solar radiation disappears at night, the return water temperature of south-facing buildings drops sharply due to the loss of radiation compensation, revealing a substantial deficiency in the pipe network's heating supply. However, due to thermal inertia and the lag in valve adjustment commands, the system cannot compensate for the nighttime heat deficit in real time, leading to frequent complaints from south-facing users. This "pseudo-equilibrium" phenomenon caused by the difference in solar irradiance azimuth angle essentially decouples the return water temperature feedback signal from the building's actual heating demand at a physical level, resulting in an improper reversal of the day-night regulation direction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for hierarchical and zoned linkage adjustment of a two-network balancing valve. By establishing a graded file of solar heat gain sensitivity for each building, and separating the return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation from the measured return water temperature during daily operation, a corrected return water temperature that can truly reflect the contribution of the pipeline network to heating is obtained. Based on the corrected signal, lateral comparison and predictive opening correction of zones are performed, and differentiated adjustment is implemented in conjunction with household-level smart valves. This eliminates the interference of solar radiation on the hydraulic balance feedback closed loop and ensures the heating stability of buildings with different orientations throughout the entire day and night cycle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balancing valve includes: Establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building during the heating season calibration period, and use the calibrated return water temperature deviation to calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation during daily operation. Extract the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building to obtain the corrected return water temperature of each building. The corrected return water temperature of each building is compared horizontally within the zone, and the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building is calculated. Based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building is generated. The target opening adjustment command is predicted and corrected to generate the predicted target opening adjustment command. A household-level solar benefit classification is established. Based on the predicted target opening adjustment command, the household-level smart valves of households with different household-level solar benefit classifications are adjusted in a differentiated manner.

[0007] The method for establishing the solar heat gain sensitivity grading file includes: Obtain the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade of each building within the zone. Classify the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building based on the orientation angle of the main facade. Calculate the solar heat gain sensitivity of each building based on the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade. Determine the shading relationship between buildings to correct the solar heat gain sensitivity level and solar heat gain sensitivity, thus forming a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building within the zone.

[0008] The calibration method for the return water temperature deviation caused by the irradiance received per unit of main facade includes: The baseline relationship of non-radiated return water temperature for each building was fitted. During the calibration period of the heating season, the actual return water temperature, horizontal solar irradiance, and solar altitude angle at the heat inlet of each building during the day were collected. Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, the horizontal solar irradiance was converted into the irradiance received by the main facade of each building. The difference between the actual return water temperature and the baseline return water temperature determined under the same comprehensive outdoor temperature was defined as the return water temperature offset. The return water temperature offset was linearly fitted to the irradiance received by the main facade to obtain the return water temperature offset caused by each unit of irradiance received by the main facade of each building.

[0009] The method for fitting the baseline relationship of the non-radiation return water temperature of each building includes: Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building is differentiated to determine the corresponding radiation-free time window for each building. Within the radiation-free time window, the return water temperature, real-time outdoor air temperature, and real-time wind speed at the heat inlet of each building are collected. The comprehensive outdoor temperature is calculated based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed. The return water temperature and the comprehensive outdoor temperature are linearly fitted to obtain the baseline relationship of the radiation-free return water temperature for each building.

[0010] The calculation method for the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation includes: In daily operation, the system acquires real-time horizontal solar irradiance and real-time solar altitude angle collected by the meteorological station. Based on the main facade orientation angle and real-time solar altitude angle recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, the system calculates the real-time main facade irradiance received by each building at the current moment. Based on the real-time main facade irradiance received and the return water temperature deviation caused by each unit of main facade irradiance received, the system calculates the real-time return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation for each building at the current moment.

[0011] The calculation method for correcting the return water temperature deviation is as follows: The arithmetic mean of the corrected return water temperature of all buildings in the zone is calculated as the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone. The difference between the corrected return water temperature of each building and the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone is calculated to obtain the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building.

[0012] The method for generating the target opening adjustment command includes: Determine whether the correction return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone. If it does, determine the target opening adjustment direction and adjustment amount of the balance valve for each building based on the direction and magnitude of the correction return water temperature deviation that exceeds the adjustment dead zone, and generate the target opening adjustment command for the balance valve for each building. The adjustment dead zone is composed of a positive deviation threshold and a negative deviation threshold.

[0013] The method for predictively correcting the target opening adjustment command includes: The system acquires the predicted solar irradiance sequence for a preset time period provided by the meteorological forecast system, calculates the time average of the predicted solar irradiance sequence, compares it with the real-time horizontal solar irradiance collected by the meteorological station at the current moment, determines the predictive correction amount, and adds the predictive correction amount to the target opening adjustment command to generate the predictive correction target opening adjustment command for the balance valve of each building.

[0014] The method for establishing a household-level solar benefit classification includes: based on the orientation angle of the main facade of each building recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, and combined with the window orientation and window area of ​​each household, the households in each building are divided into solar benefit households, solar deficiency households, and intermediate households.

[0015] A layered and zoned linkage adjustment system for a dual-network balancing valve is provided to implement the aforementioned layered and zoned linkage adjustment method for a dual-network balancing valve. The system includes: Return water temperature correction module: Used to establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building within the calibration period of the heating season, and calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation in daily operation using the calibrated return water temperature deviation. The corrected return water temperature of each building is obtained by extracting the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building. Command tuning module: used to perform horizontal comparison within the zone to calculate the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building, generate the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, and perform predictive correction on the target opening adjustment command to generate the predicted corrected target opening adjustment command. Linkage adjustment module: used to establish household-level solar benefit classification, and to perform differentiated linkage adjustment on household-level smart valves of different household-level solar benefit classifications based on the target opening adjustment command after predictive correction.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention establishes a graded file of building solar heat gain sensitivity, completes the calibration and real-time stripping of return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation, and obtains a corrected return water temperature that only reflects the heating status of the pipe network. This corrected return water temperature serves as the core feedback basis for the adjustment of the secondary network balancing valve, eliminating the interference of solar heat gain caused by differences in building orientation on the return water temperature signal, avoiding misjudgments of the hydraulic and thermal balance state between buildings based on mixed signals, and ensuring the matching of pipe network heating distribution between buildings with the actual heat load of each building. By predictively correcting the target opening adjustment command of the building balancing valve, the valve adjustment action is adapted to the temporal changes in heat demand, offsetting the adjustment response lag caused by the thermal inertia of the building envelope, and maintaining the stability of the indoor thermal environment during the heating process. By establishing a household-level solar benefit classification and implementing differentiated linkage adjustment, the coordinated adaptation of building-level flow regulation and household-level flow distribution is achieved, so that the heating flow distribution within the building matches the heat demand characteristics of different households, completing the hierarchical and zoned linkage balance adjustment of the secondary network from the zoning to the building and then to the household level, ensuring the hydraulic and thermal balance of the entire secondary network heating process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for the layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the temperature shift of radiator return water caused by solar radiation, provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A flowchart for establishing a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4A schematic diagram of the no-irradiation time window for buildings with different solar heat gain sensitivity levels provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the linkage adjustment between the building-level balancing valve and the household-level intelligent valve, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a functional block diagram of a two-network balance valve layered and zoned linkage adjustment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for the layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a two-network balance valve, including: Step S10: Establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, determine the no-irradiation time window for each building based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, establish the no-irradiation return water temperature benchmark relationship for each building within the no-irradiation time window, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the irradiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building within the heating season calibration period, and calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation for each building in daily operation using the calibrated return water temperature deviation, and obtain the corrected return water temperature for each building by extracting the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building.

[0021] Specifically, the secondary heating network refers to the heating pipe network system from the secondary side of the heat exchange station to the radiators at each user's end in the urban centralized heating system, which is distinct from the primary network from the heat source to the heat exchange station. In the daily operation monitoring of the secondary heating network system, the return water temperature values ​​collected by the return water temperature sensors installed at the heat inlet of each building are not a single characteristic signal of the network's heating status, but rather a composite signal superimposed by the network's heating contribution and the contribution of external environmental thermal interference. The network's heating contribution refers to the return water temperature response formed after the heating network releases heat into the room through the radiators; this contribution directly reflects the heat distribution status of the network to each building. See also... Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the temperature shift of the radiator return water caused by solar radiation, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2The diagram illustrates the transmission path of solar radiation, building windows, indoor temperature change points, radiators with supply and return water loops, and the complete conduction logic of return water temperature shift caused by solar radiation, intuitively presenting the core generation mechanism of external environmental thermal interference. The contribution of external environmental thermal interference mainly originates from the heat transferred into the interior through building windows and exterior walls by solar radiation, such as... Figure 2 As shown, solar radiation enters the indoor space through the window, directly causing the indoor temperature to rise. When the indoor temperature rises due to solar heat, the temperature difference between the radiator surface and the indoor air decreases, and the radiator's heat dissipation power decreases accordingly. Consequently, the water temperature at the radiator's return end passively rises due to the reduced heat dissipation. This physical change process corresponds to... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the complete heat transfer path: decreased heat exchange temperature difference → reduced heat dissipation → increased return water temperature. This passively increased temperature is the additional contribution of solar radiation to the return water temperature. Due to differences in the orientation angle of the main facade of buildings, the amount of direct solar radiation received by buildings with different orientations at the same time exhibits a systematic difference. The orientation angle of the main facade refers to the angle between the normal direction of the main lighting facade of the building and the due south direction, with due south as the reference and clockwise as the positive direction for measurement. Buildings with an orientation angle close to 0° can receive near-peak direct solar radiation during the day in winter, resulting in a large amount of solar heat gain indoors, and the additional contribution of solar radiation to the radiator return water temperature is significant. Buildings with an orientation angle close to 180° have their main facade facing away from the sun, receiving almost no direct solar radiation throughout the day, and the radiator return water temperature only reflects the heating status of the pipe network. This orientation-dependent contribution of solar radiation during the daytime makes the actual collected return water temperatures of south-facing and north-facing buildings appear similar, giving the system a superficial appearance of small temperature deviations between buildings. If the heating management system directly judges that hydraulic and thermal balance has been achieved between buildings based on this appearance without adjusting the balancing valves of each building, then during the nighttime hours when solar radiation disappears, the return water temperature of south-facing buildings will drop sharply due to the loss of solar heat supplementation, exposing the true imbalance in the distribution of heating in the pipe network. South-facing buildings will be in a state of insufficient heat supply at night, and there will be significant differences in room temperature between north- and south-facing users at night. Step S10 outputs the corrected return water temperature after removing the contribution of solar radiation. The corrected return water temperature serves as the core input signal for building balancing valve setting and household-level intelligent valve linkage adjustment in step S20. Its value only reflects the heating contribution of the pipe network to each building, eliminating the interference of solar heat gain caused by differences in building orientation. This ensures that subsequent hydraulic and thermal balance judgments and valve adjustment command generation have a true thermal balance basis unaffected by orientation deviations.

[0022] Further, step S10 includes: See Figure 3Step S11: Extract the main facade orientation angle and the window-to-wall ratio of each building in the zone from the building file database of the heating management system. Classify the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building according to the main facade orientation angle. Calculate the solar heat gain sensitivity of each building according to the main facade orientation angle and the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade. Determine the shading relationship between buildings to correct the solar heat gain sensitivity level and solar heat gain sensitivity, and form a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building in the zone. Specifically, the building archive database of the heating management system stores basic building information for each building within the zone. Step S11 extracts two types of building orientation characteristic parameters from this database. The first type of parameter is the main facade orientation angle. The main facade refers to the exterior facade of a building where windows are most concentrated and occupy the largest area, typically the facade facing the living room and master bedroom in a residential building. The main facade orientation angle is measured using a south-facing reference of 0° and a clockwise direction as the positive direction. South corresponds to a main facade orientation angle of 0°, west corresponds to 90°, north corresponds to 180°, and east corresponds to 270°. This angle representation is consistent with the azimuth angle calculation system for solar radiation, facilitating geometric projection calculations when converting the horizontal solar irradiance intensity into the irradiance intensity received by the main facade of each building in subsequent step S13. The second parameter is the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade. This ratio is defined as the ratio of the total area of ​​all windows on the main facade to the total area of ​​the main facade. It reflects the relative size of the passageway through which solar radiation enters the building through the windows. A larger window-to-wall ratio means more heat from solar radiation enters the building through the windows, and the more significantly the building's return water temperature is affected by solar radiation.

[0023] After extracting the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade, the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building was classified according to the numerical range of the orientation angle. The basis for this classification lies in the fundamental differences in the duration and intensity of direct solar radiation received by buildings with different orientation angle ranges during the winter heating season. In winter, in the Northern Hemisphere, the sun is located in the southern sky with a low solar altitude angle, and direct solar radiation is mainly projected onto south-facing building facades. The buildings were divided into three solar heat gain sensitivity levels: strong solar sensitivity, moderate solar sensitivity, and solar insensitivity. When a building's main facade faces a corner within [0°, 45°) or (315°, 360°], the deviation of the building's main facade normal from due south does not exceed 45°. The main facade receives near-peak intensity direct solar radiation for most of the daytime in winter, and the building is classified as having strong solar sensitivity. When a building's main facade faces a corner within [45°, 135°) or [225°, 315°], the building's main facade faces slightly east or west, receiving direct solar radiation only during certain periods in the morning or afternoon. The total solar heat gain throughout the day is lower than that of buildings facing due south, and the building is classified as having moderate solar sensitivity. When a building's main facade faces a corner within [135°, 225°], the building's main facade faces slightly north, receiving almost no direct solar radiation throughout the day, and the building is classified as having low solar sensitivity. For example, a certain zone contains five buildings: Building 1 has a main facade facing angle of 10°, Building 2 has a main facade facing angle of 80°, Building 3 has a main facade facing angle of 160°, Building 4 has a main facade facing angle of 270°, and Building 5 has a main facade facing angle of 350°. According to the above classification rules, Building 1 and Building 5 are marked as having strong solar sensitivity, Building 2 and Building 4 are marked as having moderate solar sensitivity, and Building 3 is marked as having no solar sensitivity.

[0024] After classifying the solar heat gain sensitivity levels, the solar heat gain sensitivity values ​​for each building are further calculated. The calculation method for solar heat gain sensitivity is to take the cosine of the building's main facade orientation angle. When the cosine value is positive, it is multiplied by the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade; the product is the building's solar heat gain sensitivity. When the cosine value is zero or negative, it indicates that the building's main facade cannot receive direct solar radiation from the south, and the solar heat gain sensitivity is set to zero. The principle behind using the cosine of the main facade orientation angle as a calculation factor is that the effective irradiance of solar radiation projected onto the building facade is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the facade normal and the solar incidence direction. When the main facade orientation angle is 0°, i.e., the main facade faces due south, the cosine value reaches its maximum value of 1, and the effective solar radiation projection intensity is at its maximum. When the main facade orientation angle deviates from due south, the cosine value gradually decreases, and the effective solar radiation projection intensity decreases accordingly. The principle behind multiplying the cosine value by the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade is that the primary channel for solar radiation to enter the interior is through glass windows. The proportion of window area to the total area of ​​the main facade directly determines the amount of heat entering the interior from solar radiation. The larger the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade, the more solar heat enters the interior under the same irradiance. Therefore, solar heat gain sensitivity comprehensively considers the influence of building orientation on radiation projection intensity and the influence of window area on the amount of radiation entering the building. It is a reasonable quantitative indicator of the degree of deviation in return water temperature caused by solar radiation. For example, Building 1 has a main facade facing angle of 10° and a window-to-wall ratio of 30%. Its solar heat gain sensitivity is equal to the cosine of 10° multiplied by 30%. Building 3 has a main facade facing angle of 160° and a window-to-wall ratio of 25%. Its solar heat gain sensitivity is equal to the cosine of 160° multiplied by 25%. Since the cosine of 160° is negative, physically it means that the main facade of the building faces away from the direction of solar radiation and cannot receive direct solar radiation. Therefore, in actual calculations, the solar heat gain sensitivity is directly set to zero. It should be noted that buildings with a main facade facing angle of 90° or 270° (i.e., east or west) have a cosine of zero and a calculated solar heat gain sensitivity of zero. However, these buildings still receive solar radiation in the morning or afternoon and are therefore still classified as having a moderate solar sensitivity level. A solar heat gain sensitivity of zero only means that the building cannot receive direct solar radiation from the south at noon. The subsequent step S13 will calibrate the return water temperature offset of the building through actual data collection, which can capture the true impact of solar radiation in the morning or afternoon.

[0025] Step S11 also requires determining whether there is an shading relationship between buildings within the zone. Shading refers to a situation where a building, although facing south, cannot receive direct solar radiation because it is located within the shadow cast by another taller building. The method for determining shading is as follows: for each building marked as having strong or moderate solar sensitivity, check whether there is an adjacent building on its main facade facing the sun. If an adjacent building exists and its height is greater than the height of the building being inspected, and the horizontal distance between the two buildings does not exceed a preset multiple of the height of the adjacent building, then the inspected building is determined to be shaded by the shadow of the adjacent building under low solar altitude angle conditions in winter. The preset multiple is determined based on the typical range of solar altitude angles in winter. The solar altitude angle is lowest on the winter solstice, at which time the shadow casting distance is longest. The noon solar altitude angle on the winter solstice can be calculated based on the geographical latitude of the building, and the ratio of shadow length to building height can be determined accordingly. For example, the preset multiple is 2, meaning that an shading relationship is determined when the horizontal distance between two buildings does not exceed twice the height of the taller building. When shading is established, the solar heat gain sensitivity level of the shaded building needs to be lowered by one level: from strong solar sensitivity to moderate solar sensitivity, and from moderate solar sensitivity to no solar sensitivity. Simultaneously, the solar heat gain sensitivity of the shaded building needs to be multiplied by the proportion of the unshaded area of ​​the building's main facade to the total area of ​​the main facade, resulting in the corrected solar heat gain sensitivity. If shading is not corrected after determination, a building with a main facade facing angle of 0° but actually shaded by an adjacent high-rise building will be incorrectly labeled in subsequent step S13 with a significant deviation in return water temperature caused by the amount of irradiance received per unit of main facade. This will lead to a deviation in the corrected return water temperature calculated in step S14, ultimately causing the balance valve adjustment command generated in step S20 to deviate from the actual requirement.

[0026] The solar heat gain sensitivity classification files for each building within the zone are compiled by summarizing the orientation angle of the main facade, the window-to-wall ratio of the main facade, the solar heat gain sensitivity level, the solar heat gain sensitivity, and the shading relationship. These files are updated at the beginning of each heating season and serve as the basis for subsequent steps S12 (determining the no-irradiance time window), S13 (performing calibration calculations), and S14 (real-time calculation and correction of the return water temperature). For example, the solar heat gain sensitivity classification files can be stored in a tabular format as shown in Table 1. In Table 1, Building 5's solar heat gain sensitivity level is reduced from strong solar sensitivity to moderate solar sensitivity due to shading from Building 6. The solar heat gain sensitivity is corrected to 0.154 by multiplying the original calculated value of 0.256 by the percentage of unshaded area (60%).

[0027] Table 1. Solar Heat Gain Sensitivity Classification File The solar heat gain sensitivity classification file provides the basic classification basis for the differentiated processing of each building in subsequent steps S12, S13, and S14. Without the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file established in step S11, step S12 cannot determine the start and end times of the no-irradiance time window for each building based on the building's solar heat gain sensitivity level; step S13 cannot convert the horizontal solar irradiance intensity into the irradiance intensity received by the main facade of each building based on the orientation angle of the main facade; and step S14 cannot identify which buildings need to perform solar radiation correction and which buildings can directly use the actual return water temperature. Step S11 completes the structured classification information of building orientation that was originally lacking in the heating management system, enabling the system to distinguish the degree to which the return water temperature of each building is affected by solar radiation, laying the data foundation for the targeted solar radiation component stripping processing of the return water temperature of each building in subsequent steps.

[0028] Step S12: Determine the corresponding no-irradiation time window for each building based on the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file. Collect the return water temperature, real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed at the heat inlet of each building within the no-irradiation time window. Calculate the comprehensive outdoor temperature based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed. Perform linear fitting between the return water temperature and the comprehensive outdoor temperature to obtain the reference relationship of the no-irradiation return water temperature for each building. Specifically, step S12 aims to obtain the baseline state of the return water temperature for each building under conditions unaffected by solar radiation. During the daytime, the actual collected return water temperatures for each building include contributions from solar radiation and cannot be directly used for lateral comparisons of the hydraulic and thermal balance between buildings. At night, however, solar radiation disappears, and the return water temperatures for each building only reflect the heating status of the pipe network, making it an ideal time window for extracting the true thermal balance baseline. However, the selection of the nighttime period needs to consider the thermal inertia effect of the building envelope. The building envelope includes components such as walls, floors, and roofs. These components absorb and store some solar heat during the day when receiving solar radiation. Although solar radiation disappears after sunset, the heat stored in the envelope gradually releases into the room over several hours, causing a slow decrease in indoor temperature and a delayed response in the radiator return water temperature. If sunset is directly used as the starting point of the radiation-free time window, the return water temperature data for the period before the window will still be mixed with the residual effects of the heat storage and release from the envelope, resulting in an overestimation of the baseline relationship.

[0029] See Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the no-irradiation time window for buildings with different solar heat gain sensitivity levels provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4The diagram illustrates the differences in the duration of the no-radiation time window, the waiting time, and the advance time settings for buildings categorized as solar-insensitive, moderately solar-sensitive, and strongly solar-sensitive, as well as the timeline distribution based on sunset and sunrise times. This visually presents the differentiated setting logic for the no-radiation time window for buildings with different sensitivity levels. Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, the corresponding no-radiation time window for each building is determined differently. For buildings marked as solar-insensitive, their main facade receives almost no direct solar radiation throughout the day, and the building envelope does not accumulate significant solar heat during the day. Therefore, there is no need to set waiting time or advance time to avoid the residual effects of heat storage and release from the building envelope. The no-radiation time window is the entire nighttime period from sunset to sunrise the following day. Figure 4 As shown, the no-radiation window for this type of building fully covers the entire nighttime period from sunset to sunrise, without any reduction in waiting or advance time settings. For buildings marked as having high solar sensitivity, their main facade receives a large amount of direct solar radiation during the day, and significant solar heat accumulates in the walls and floors of the building envelope. This accumulated heat takes a period of time to dissipate. The start time of the no-radiation window is the first pre-set waiting time after sunset, and the end time is the first pre-set waiting time before sunrise the following day. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a 3-hour delay after sunset and a 3-hour advance before sunrise setting to mitigate the residual effects of heat release from the building envelope. For buildings classified as having moderate solar sensitivity (their solar heat accumulation falls between that of buildings with high solar sensitivity and those with low solar sensitivity), the delay in the start and advance in the end of the no-irradiance window utilizes a preset second waiting period, shorter than the first. Figure 4 The example illustrates a start delay setting of 2 hours after sunset and a stop advance setting of 2 hours before sunrise, with window durations between buildings classified as strongly solar sensitive and those not sensitive to sunlight. For instance, if the first waiting period is 3 hours and the second waiting period is 2 hours, then for a sunset at 17:30 on a given day and sunrise at 7:00 the following day, the no-radiation window for buildings classified as strongly solar sensitive is 20:30 to 4:00, for buildings classified as moderately solar sensitive is 19:30 to 5:00, and for buildings classified as not sensitive to sunlight is 17:30 to 7:00. This example is similar to... Figure 4The time nodes marked on the timeline correspond perfectly to the three types of buildings with no-irradiation time windows, clearly showing the differentiated settings of the start and end times of the windows under different waiting durations. The first waiting duration is based on the typical time required for the building envelope of a building with high solar sensitivity to release all the solar heat accumulated after sunset, ranging from 2 to 4 hours. The second waiting duration is based on the typical time required for the building envelope of a building with medium solar sensitivity to release all the solar heat accumulated after sunset, ranging from 1 to 3 hours, and the second waiting duration is shorter than the first waiting duration. The specific values ​​of the first and second waiting durations are determined by the thermal inertia parameters of the building envelope. For buildings with high thermal inertia, such as those with brick-concrete or shear wall structures, the waiting duration is closer to the upper limit; for buildings with low thermal inertia, such as those with light steel structures, the waiting duration is closer to the lower limit. The higher the solar heat gain sensitivity of a building, the greater the heat stored in its building envelope and the longer the release time. It takes longer to enter the pure pipe network heating state. If a shorter waiting time is uniformly adopted without distinguishing the solar heat gain sensitivity level, the residual influence of the heat storage and release of the walls will still be mixed in the no-radiation time window of buildings with strong solar heat gain sensitivity. The extracted no-radiation return water temperature benchmark relationship will be too high, and the return water temperature offset calculated in the subsequent step S13 will have a systematic error.

[0030] After determining the radiation-free time window for each building, two types of data are collected within this window. The first type of data is the return water temperature data sequence collected by the return water temperature sensor at the heat inlet of each building. The heat inlet refers to the connection point where the secondary heating network pipes enter each building from the heat exchange station outlet. The return water temperature sensor is installed on the return water pipe at the heat inlet to monitor the water temperature returning to the network after heat exchange through the radiators inside the building. The second type of data is the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed data sequence collected by a weather station during the same period. The weather station can be a self-built site-based weather sensor of the heating management system or a connected public meteorological service data interface.

[0031] The comprehensive outdoor temperature is calculated based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed from the second type of data. The comprehensive outdoor temperature is a correction to the single real-time outdoor air temperature index, reflecting the impact of wind speed on the heat dissipation of the building envelope. When the real-time wind speed is low, airflow on the outer surface of the building envelope is slow, and the convective heat transfer on the outer surface is small. Therefore, the impact of real-time wind speed on the overall heat dissipation of the building is negligible, and the comprehensive outdoor temperature is equal to the real-time outdoor air temperature itself. When the real-time wind speed exceeds a preset wind speed threshold, the higher wind speed significantly increases the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the building envelope, accelerating the heat dissipation process from the building to the outdoor environment. This effect is equivalent to a further reduction in the real-time outdoor air temperature. The calculation method for the comprehensive outdoor temperature is as follows: when the real-time wind speed does not exceed the wind speed threshold, the comprehensive outdoor temperature is equal to the real-time outdoor air temperature; when the real-time wind speed exceeds the wind speed threshold, for every unit increase in wind speed exceeding the threshold, the comprehensive outdoor temperature decreases by a preset temperature correction value based on the real-time outdoor air temperature. The wind speed threshold is determined by the wind speed at the inflection point where the convective heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope transitions from a flat phase to a significant increase, with a range of 2 to 4 meters per second. The temperature correction value is determined by converting the increase in heat dissipation from the building envelope per unit wind speed increment into an equivalent decrease in outdoor temperature, determined by the relationship between the heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope with wind speed, with a range of 0.3°C to 0.7°C per meter per second. For example, if the wind speed threshold is 3 meters per second and the temperature correction value is 0.5°C per meter per second, then when the real-time outdoor temperature is -10°C and the real-time wind speed is 5 meters per second, the combined outdoor temperature is -10°C minus 2 multiplied by 0.5°C, which is -11°C. The purpose of introducing the comprehensive outdoor temperature is that the wind environment of different buildings within a heating zone may vary. Buildings located at the edge of the zone and directly exposed to the prevailing winter winds have a higher heat dissipation rate due to their building envelopes than buildings located in the center of the zone and surrounded and shielded by other buildings. If only a uniform real-time outdoor temperature is used as a reference, the lower return water temperature of buildings exposed to high wind speeds will not be due to insufficient heating from the pipe network but rather to increased heat dissipation caused by wind speed. Subsequent calculations based on this lower return water temperature in steps S13 and S14 will lead to misjudgments. By using the comprehensive outdoor temperature, the impact of wind speed on heat dissipation can be converted into an equivalent temperature difference, eliminating the influence of wind speed interference on the return water temperature signal.

[0032] Following the aforementioned calculation method for comprehensive outdoor temperature, the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed at each collection moment within the radiation-free time window are calculated hourly, forming a comprehensive outdoor temperature data sequence that corresponds one-to-one with the return water temperature data sequence in time. After obtaining the comprehensive outdoor temperature data sequence, step S12 performs linear fitting between the return water temperature of each building within the radiation-free time window and the comprehensive outdoor temperature at the corresponding moment, obtaining the baseline relationship of the radiation-free return water temperature for each building. The linear fitting adopts the least squares method, using comprehensive outdoor temperature as the independent variable and return water temperature as the dependent variable to perform univariate linear regression. The fitting result is a straight line, and the linear equation includes two parameters: slope and intercept. The slope reflects the sensitivity of the building's heat load to changes in comprehensive outdoor temperature. The larger the absolute value of the slope, the faster the return water temperature of the building decreases as the comprehensive outdoor temperature decreases, that is, the worse the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope or the larger the heating area, the more sensitive the heat load is to the response of comprehensive outdoor temperature. The intercept reflects the basic heating level of a building under the current balancing valve opening. Under the same comprehensive outdoor temperature conditions, a higher intercept value indicates that the current pipe network heating is relatively sufficient, while a lower intercept value indicates that the current pipe network heating is relatively insufficient. The physical meaning of the non-radiated return water temperature benchmark relationship is the return water temperature value that the building should exhibit under conditions of no solar radiation and the current balancing valve opening, at a certain comprehensive outdoor temperature. By comparing the intercept values ​​of each building horizontally, the true degree of imbalance in the pipe network heating distribution between buildings can be determined, excluding differences in comprehensive outdoor temperatures. The non-radiated return water temperature benchmark relationship is updated every preset update cycle to adapt to the effects of changes in insulation performance caused by aging of the building envelope during the heating season and the slow drift of pipe network resistance characteristics due to scaling or corrosion. The update cycle is based on the time scale of changes in the insulation performance of the building envelope and the drift of pipe network resistance characteristics, ranging from five to ten days. If the update cycle is too short, the benchmark relationship will be affected by short-term weather fluctuations and instantaneous operational disturbances, thus losing its representativeness. If the update cycle is too long, it will not be able to reflect the characteristic drift caused by the aging of the building envelope and the scaling and corrosion of the pipe network in a timely manner, resulting in cumulative deviation of the return water temperature offset calibrated in the subsequent step S13.

[0033] Step S13: During the calibration period of the heating season, the actual return water temperature, horizontal solar irradiance intensity and solar altitude angle at the heat inlet of each building during the day are collected. Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, the horizontal solar irradiance intensity is converted into the main facade received irradiance intensity of each building. The difference between the actual return water temperature and the reference return water temperature without irradiance determined under the same comprehensive outdoor temperature is defined as the return water temperature offset. The return water temperature offset is linearly fitted with the main facade received irradiance intensity to obtain the return water temperature offset caused by each unit of main facade received irradiance intensity of each building. Specifically, step S12 has established a baseline relationship for the return water temperature of each building under conditions without solar radiation. However, during daytime operation, the system needs to identify and separate the solar radiation contribution component from the actual return water temperature of each building in real time. The difference between the actual return water temperature of a building during the day and the baseline return water temperature under the same overall outdoor temperature may originate from various factors, including indoor temperature rise caused by solar radiation leading to a decrease in radiator heat dissipation temperature difference, flow rate changes due to balancing valve opening adjustments, and behavioral interference such as users opening windows for ventilation or using auxiliary heating equipment. Step S13 needs to establish a quantitative correspondence between the radiation intensity received by the main facade and the return water temperature deviation, distinguishing the return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation from deviations caused by other factors, in order to separate the two during daily operation. Step S13 obtains this quantitative correspondence by collecting and fitting calibration data during a calibration period when the balancing valve opening is fixed and user behavior is relatively stable. The calibration period is selected during the initial stable operation phase of each heating season. During this phase, the opening degree of the balancing valves in each building has been initially set and remains unchanged, the operating parameters of the heating network tend to be stable, and users have not frequently adjusted indoor radiator valves or engaged in prolonged window ventilation. The duration of the calibration period must ensure that a sufficient number of high-irradiance data points are collected for fitting, avoiding insufficient statistical reliability of the fitting results due to too few data points. A minimum effective number of sunny days is set for the calibration period. When the number of consecutive sunny days reaches this minimum effective number of sunny days, the calibration period ends and the fitting results are output. If consecutive cloudy days occur during the calibration period, resulting in insufficient effective data, the calibration period is automatically extended until the cumulative number of sunny days reaches the minimum effective number of sunny days. For example, the minimum effective number of sunny days is 10 days.

[0034] During the calibration period, three types of data are collected. The first type of data is the actual return water temperature data collected by the return water temperature sensors at the heat inlet of each building during the daytime period, defined as the interval between sunrise and sunset. The second type of data is the horizontal solar irradiance intensity, solar altitude angle, and solar elevation angle data collected by the meteorological station. The horizontal solar irradiance intensity refers to the radiant power density of solar radiation projected onto the horizontal surface, measured in watts per square meter. The solar elevation angle refers to the angle between the sun and the horizontal line of the ground. The third type of data is the comprehensive outdoor temperature data corresponding to the same moment. This comprehensive outdoor temperature has been calculated in step S12 based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed and is stored in the heating management system.

[0035] The solar irradiance intensity collected by the meteorological station on the horizontal plane is converted into the received irradiance intensity of the main facade of each building. The received irradiance intensity of the main facade refers to the radiant power density of solar radiation projected onto the main facade of a building. Due to the different orientation angles of the main facades of different buildings, the received irradiance intensity of the main facades of different buildings varies at the same time. The conversion method is based on the geometric projection principle of solar radiation. For a given building, the orientation angle of the main facade is first read from the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file. Then, based on the current solar azimuth and solar altitude angles, the horizontal angle between the projection of the solar incident direction onto the horizontal plane and the normal direction of the building's main facade is calculated. Finally, the spatial angle between the solar incident direction and the normal direction of the building's main facade is calculated using the solar altitude angle. The solar azimuth angle refers to the angle between the direction of the sun's projection onto the horizontal plane and the due south direction. It, along with the solar altitude angle, is calculated by the meteorological station based on the local latitude and longitude and the current time, or obtained from the meteorological service interface. The solar irradiance received by the main facade is equal to the solar irradiance on the horizontal plane multiplied by the cosine of the spatial angle and divided by the sine of the solar altitude angle. The physical basis of this conversion formula is that the solar irradiance on the horizontal plane is the projected component of solar radiation onto the horizontal plane. It needs to be first converted back to the normal irradiance in the direction of solar incidence, i.e., divided by the sine of the solar altitude angle, and then projected onto the main facade of the building, i.e., multiplied by the cosine of the spatial angle, to obtain the irradiance received by the main facade of the building. If the cosine of the spatial angle is negative or zero, it indicates that the sun is behind the main facade of the building at that moment, and the irradiance received by the main facade is zero.

[0036] After obtaining the received radiation intensity of the main facade of each building, the daytime return water temperature deviation of each building is calculated. For the actual return water temperature collected at a certain time during the day for each building, the comprehensive outdoor temperature at that time is substituted into the reference relationship for the non-radiated return water temperature of that building established in step S12. The slope and intercept of the reference relationship are used to calculate the reference return water temperature that the building should present when it is not affected by solar radiation under that comprehensive outdoor temperature. The return water temperature deviation is defined as the difference between the actual return water temperature of the building and the reference return water temperature. A positive return water temperature deviation indicates that the actual return water temperature is higher than the reference return water temperature, which indicates that the heat input from solar radiation into the room reduces the heat dissipation load of the radiator, resulting in an increase in the radiator return water temperature. A negative return water temperature offset indicates that the actual return water temperature is lower than the reference return water temperature. This may be caused by factors such as users opening windows for ventilation or a sudden drop in outdoor temperature. It is not due to solar radiation. In the subsequent fitting, data points with negative return water temperature offsets will be identified and removed as outliers. Only data points with non-negative return water temperature offsets will be retained for linear fitting.

[0037] The return water temperature deviation of each building at multiple times within the calibration period was linearly fitted to the corresponding solar radiation intensity received by the main facade of that building at those times. The linear fitting used the solar radiation intensity received by the main facade as the independent variable and the return water temperature deviation as the dependent variable, employing a univariate linear regression using the least squares method. The slope of the fitted line represents the return water temperature deviation caused by each unit of solar radiation received by the main facade of that building. The physical meaning of this slope is how many degrees Celsius the return water temperature at the heat inlet will rise when the main facade of the building receives one unit of solar radiation. The slope value is positively correlated with the building's solar heat gain sensitivity in step S11. Buildings with higher solar heat gain sensitivity—that is, buildings with a main facade orientation angle closer to 0° and a higher window-to-wall ratio—will experience a greater return water temperature deviation per unit of main facade irradiance. This is because, under the same main facade irradiance, such buildings receive more solar heat through the windows, resulting in a greater reduction in the radiator temperature difference and a greater increase in return water temperature. The return water temperature deviation per unit of main facade irradiance output in step S13 is permanently stored in the heating management system after the calibration period ends and remains unchanged during subsequent operation in the heating season, serving as the core parameter for real-time calculation of the return water temperature deviation in step S14.

[0038] Step S14: During daily operation, acquire the real-time horizontal solar irradiance and real-time solar altitude angle collected by the meteorological station. Calculate the real-time main facade irradiance received by each building at the current moment based on the main facade orientation angle and real-time solar altitude angle recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive. Multiply the real-time main facade irradiance received by the return water temperature offset caused by each unit of main facade irradiance received obtained in step S13 to obtain the real-time return water temperature offset caused by solar radiation at the current moment for each building. Subtract the real-time return water temperature offset from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building to obtain the corrected return water temperature for each building.

[0039] Specifically, step S12 establishes the baseline relationship of the non-radiated return water temperature for each building, and step S13 calibrates the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building. However, these two steps need to be jointly calculated in real time during daily operation to output the corrected return water temperature that can be used for building balancing valve adjustment. Step S14 combines the results of steps S12 and S13 into a real-time calibration calculation process, enabling the system to obtain the corrected return water temperature stripped of solar radiation contribution at any time of day, thereby achieving real-time hydraulic and thermal balance monitoring.

[0040] The real-time calculation process is executed once per data acquisition cycle, synchronized with the sampling cycle of the thermal inlet return water temperature sensor. For example, the data acquisition cycle is 15 minutes. At the beginning of each data acquisition cycle, the real-time horizontal solar irradiance and real-time solar altitude angle collected by the weather station are read. If the current real-time horizontal solar irradiance is lower than a preset irradiance threshold, the solar radiation intensity is determined to be weak or nonexistent at that moment. This occurs during nighttime, twilight before sunrise or sunset, or during heavily cloudy days. The irradiance threshold is determined based on the criterion that the deviation in return water temperature caused by the horizontal solar irradiance on the main facade of the building is less than the measurement accuracy of the return water temperature sensor when the horizontal solar irradiance is below this threshold. The threshold ranges from 30 watts per square meter to 80 watts per square meter. A threshold that is too low will include the weak solar radiation during twilight in the correction calculation, introducing measurement noise; a threshold that is too high will ignore the actual solar radiation contribution before sunrise or sunset, resulting in insufficient correction. In this case, the real-time return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation in each building is set to zero, and the corrected return water temperature of each building is directly equal to the actual real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet, without the need to perform subtraction correction calculation.

[0041] If the real-time horizontal solar irradiance is higher than or equal to the irradiance threshold, the following calculation process is performed sequentially for each building within the zone. First, the orientation angle of the main facade of the building is read according to the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file established in step S11. Combined with the real-time solar azimuth and solar altitude angle at the current moment, the real-time horizontal solar irradiance is converted into the real-time main facade received irradiance of the building at the current moment using the geometric projection conversion method described in step S13. Then, the real-time main facade received irradiance is multiplied by the return water temperature offset caused by each unit of main facade received irradiance of the building obtained in step S13. The resulting product is the real-time return water temperature offset of the building at the current moment caused by solar radiation. Finally, the real-time return water temperature offset is subtracted from the actual real-time return water temperature collected at the building's heat inlet. The difference is the corrected return water temperature of the building at the current moment.

[0042] Step S14 outputs the corrected return water temperature for each building. For buildings where the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received per unit of the main facade is zero, step S14 does not perform solar radiation correction and directly outputs the actual collected real-time return water temperature as the corrected return water temperature. For buildings marked as solar insensitive, since the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received per unit of the main facade, as specified in step S13, is zero, the multiplication result is also zero, and the corrected return water temperature is also equal to the actual collected real-time return water temperature. When comparing the corrected return water temperatures of each building in step S14, the solar heat gain interference caused by differences in building orientation has been removed. The difference in the corrected return water temperature of each building only reflects the degree of unevenness in the distribution of heating in the pipe network. The corrected return water temperature serves as the core input signal in step S20 for calculating the corrected return water temperature deviation of each building, generating the target opening adjustment command for the building balancing valve, and executing the differentiated linkage adjustment of the household-level intelligent valve.

[0043] Step S10 establishes a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, determines the no-irradiation time window and establishes a reference relationship for the no-irradiation return water temperature, calibrates the return water temperature deviation caused by the irradiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade, and calculates and outputs the corrected return water temperature in real time, forming a complete return water temperature correction technology system based on the decoupling of building orientation classification and meteorological parameters. Step S10 decomposes the actual return water temperature signal collected at the heat inlet of each building into a pipeline heating component and a solar radiation additional component, and outputs the corrected return water temperature that only reflects the pipeline heating status after removing the solar radiation additional component. This allows the heating management system to obtain the true thermal balance status information of each building at any time of day, unaffected by building orientation deviations. Traditional heating management systems directly use the actual return water temperature at the heat inlet of each building to determine the hydraulic and thermal balance between buildings and adjust the opening of balancing valves. During the daytime, south-facing buildings passively increase their actual return water temperature due to solar heat gain, while north-facing buildings, lacking solar heat gain, have return water temperatures that only reflect the heating status of the pipe network. The actual return water temperatures of the two types of buildings tend to be similar, and the system judges that the buildings have reached equilibrium without adjusting the opening of the balancing valves. Correcting the return water temperature removes the solar radiation component from south-facing buildings, allowing the difference in corrected return water temperature between south-facing and north-facing buildings to truly reflect the degree of imbalance in the pipe network's heating distribution. Based on this, the system can identify the relatively insufficient heating in south-facing buildings during the daytime and adjust the opening of the balancing valves in advance, avoiding the problem of adjustment lag caused by only exposing the imbalance after sunset when solar radiation disappears. Step S10 eliminates the valve missetting problem caused by orientation-dependent solar radiation interference in traditional control methods. In traditional control methods, if the system maintains a relatively small balancing valve opening for the south-facing building during the daytime due to the similar actual return water temperatures of the south-facing and north-facing buildings, the valve setting itself will be biased. After sunset, when solar radiation disappears, the south-facing building not only loses solar heat gain but also suffers from the added problem of insufficient valve opening, making the nighttime heating shortage even more severe. Correcting the return water temperature is unaffected by solar radiation. Step S20, based on the corrected return water temperature, generates a balancing valve adjustment command that sets a reasonable valve opening for the south-facing building during the daytime, allowing it to maintain a normal room temperature after sunset without relying on solar heat gain, thus avoiding the cumulative effect of insufficient nighttime heating caused by incorrect valve setting.

[0044] Step S20: Calculate the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building by performing a horizontal comparison within the zone; generate a target opening adjustment command for the balance valve of each building based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature; perform a predictive correction on the target opening adjustment command to generate a predicted correction target opening adjustment command; establish a household-level solar benefit classification; and perform differentiated linkage adjustment on the household-level smart valves of households in different household-level solar benefit classifications based on the predicted correction target opening adjustment command.

[0045] Specifically, step S10 outputs the corrected return water temperature for each building after stripping away the contribution of solar radiation, enabling the heating management system to obtain the true thermal balance status information of each building at any time of day, unaffected by building orientation deviations. However, how to convert the corrected return water temperature into specific adjustment commands for building balancing valves and household smart valves still faces three levels of technical difficulties. The first level involves the thermal inertia lag problem in the adjustment of building balancing valves. From the change of valve opening to the observable response of return water temperature, there is usually a step-by-step transmission process involving pipe network water flow transmission time, radiator heat exchange response time, and indoor air temperature rise time. The overall response lag time is related to the thermal inertia characteristics of the building envelope. If the system only starts adjustment after detecting the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, the room temperature of south-facing buildings will drop before the valve response is in place during the period around sunset when solar radiation disappears rapidly, affecting the heating experience of users during this transition period. The second level involves the matching issue between the adjustment of the building balancing valve and the differences in heat demand among residents within the building. The adjustment of the building balancing valve changes the total flow of the entire building. However, different residents in the same building have vastly different sensitivities to solar radiation due to differences in window orientation. Residents with south-facing windows receive a large amount of solar heat during the day, while residents with north-facing windows receive almost no solar heat. If the building balancing valve increases its opening due to solar correction, the additional flow will be taken up by residents with lower pipe resistance in the absence of a differentiated distribution mechanism at the household level, and the north-facing residents who truly need flow compensation will not benefit. The third level involves the reversal of the heat demand structure of each household during the day-night cycle. During the day, south-facing residents have low heat demand due to solar heat, while north-facing residents have high heat demand. At night, after the sun disappears, the heat demand of all residents tends to be consistent. Household-level smart valves need to switch control strategies between day and night to adapt to this change in heat demand structure.

[0046] Step S20, by sequentially executing steps S21 to S23, converts the corrected return water temperature output in step S10 into specific adjustment commands for the building-level balancing valves and household-level smart valves. Step S21 calculates the corrected return water temperature deviation for each building based on its corrected return water temperature, filters out minor deviation fluctuations by setting an adjustment dead zone, and generates target opening adjustment commands for the balancing valves of each building based on the direction and magnitude of the deviation for any corrected return water temperature deviation exceeding the adjustment dead zone. Step S22 obtains the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence for a preset future time period provided by the weather forecast system, compares the changing trend between the time average of the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence and the real-time horizontal solar irradiance intensity at the current moment, and adds a predictive correction to the target opening adjustment commands generated in step S21, ensuring that valve adjustment occurs before changes in heat demand occur. Step S23, based on the building's main facade orientation angle information in the established solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, and combined with the window orientation and window area of ​​each household, divides the residents in each building into solar beneficiaries, solar-deficient households, and intermediate households. When the predictive correction target opening adjustment command output in step S22 triggers the building balancing valve, differentiated linkage adjustment is performed on the household-level smart valves of solar beneficiaries and solar-deficient households, so that the flow is redistributed within the building to meet the actual heat demand of each household. Steps S21, S22, and S23 sequentially process the basic setting calculation of the building balancing valve, the predictive adjustment correction based on irradiance prediction, and the differentiated linkage of the household-level smart valves, forming a three-level linkage adjustment system from zoning to building to household.

[0047] Further, step S20 includes: Step S21: Calculate the correction return water temperature deviation of each building based on the correction return water temperature of each building, determine whether the correction return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone, if it does, determine the target opening adjustment direction and adjustment amount of the balance valve of each building according to the direction and magnitude of the correction return water temperature deviation exceeding the adjustment dead zone, and generate the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building; the adjustment dead zone is composed of a positive deviation threshold and a negative deviation threshold. The calculation method for the correction return water temperature deviation is as follows: calculate the arithmetic mean of the correction return water temperature of all buildings in the zone as the zone's correction return water temperature mean, and calculate the difference between the correction return water temperature of each building and the zone's correction return water temperature mean to obtain the correction return water temperature deviation of each building.

[0048] Specifically, step S14 outputs the corrected return water temperature of each building after stripping the contribution of solar radiation, and step S21 needs to convert the corrected return water temperature into specific adjustment commands for the building's balancing valve. In the secondary heating system, the hydraulic and thermal balance between buildings is characterized by the consistency of the return water temperature of each building. The more consistent the return water temperature, the higher the matching degree between the heating flow rate and the heat load of each building, and the more balanced the heat distribution among buildings. Step S21 uses the average corrected return water temperature of all buildings in the zone as a benchmark, calculates the deviation between the corrected return water temperature of each building and this average value to quantify the degree of deviation of each building from the overall heating state of the zone, and generates corresponding valve adjustment commands based on the direction and magnitude of the deviation.

[0049] The execution process of step S21 includes three stages: calculating the correction return water temperature deviation, determining the adjustment dead zone, and generating the target opening adjustment command. In the calculation stage of the correction return water temperature deviation, the correction return water temperature values ​​of each building within the zone, output in step S14 during the current data acquisition period, are read. The arithmetic mean of the correction return water temperatures of all buildings within the zone is calculated, and the resulting average value is the zone's correction return water temperature mean. The zone's correction return water temperature mean represents the overall heating status benchmark of the zone at the current moment. The degree of deviation between the correction return water temperature of each building and this benchmark reflects whether the building is experiencing excessive or insufficient heating relative to the overall zone. For each building within the zone, the correction return water temperature of that building at the current moment is calculated, minus the zone's correction return water temperature mean; the difference is the building's correction return water temperature deviation. A positive return water temperature deviation indicates that the building's return water temperature is higher than the zone average, meaning the water temperature returning to the network after passing through the building's radiators is relatively high, the radiator's heat output is relatively low, and the current network's heating flow to the building is in excess relative to its heat load. A negative return water temperature deviation indicates that the building's return water temperature is lower than the zone average, meaning the radiator's heat output is relatively high, and the current network's heating flow to the building is insufficient relative to its heat load. A zero return water temperature deviation indicates that the building's return water temperature is equal to the zone average, the water temperature returning to the network after passing through the building's radiators is consistent with the zone's overall level, the current network's heating flow to the building perfectly matches its heat load, the building is in a balanced heating state consistent with the zone as a whole, no target opening adjustment command is generated for the building's balancing valve, and the building's balancing valve maintains its current opening. The reason for using the average return water temperature of the zone as the benchmark instead of a fixed temperature value is that the overall heating capacity of the zone will change with the adjustment of operating parameters such as the supply water temperature of the heat exchange station and the frequency of the secondary circulation pump. Using the average of the zone as the benchmark can maintain the effectiveness of judging the relative balance between buildings when the overall heating capacity of the zone changes.

[0050] In the dead zone determination step, step S21 sets positive and negative deviation thresholds for the corrected return water temperature deviation. These two thresholds together constitute the boundary of the dead zone. The dead zone refers to the numerical range between the positive and negative deviation thresholds for the corrected return water temperature deviation. When the corrected return water temperature deviation of a building falls within the dead zone, it is determined that the current heating status of that building is within an acceptable equilibrium range, and no target opening adjustment command is generated for the building's balancing valve; the balancing valve maintains its current opening. The dead zone is set because of the inherent measurement errors and system fluctuations in the operation of the heating system. The measurement accuracy of the return water temperature sensor has inherent deviations, the thermal inertia of the building envelope causes natural fluctuations in the return water temperature with changes in outdoor temperature, and user actions such as opening and closing doors and windows can also cause short-term fluctuations in the return water temperature. If a deviation of even a fraction of a degree Celsius triggers valve regulation, it will cause the valve to open and close frequently in a short period of time. This frequent valve operation accelerates the mechanical wear of the valve actuator, shortening its lifespan. Furthermore, the flow changes caused by valve operation will create hydraulic disturbances in the secondary network pipeline. These disturbances will be transmitted to other buildings within the zone, causing fluctuations in their return water temperature. This could lead to the calibrated return water temperature deviation in other buildings exceeding the regulation dead zone, triggering valve regulation and creating a chain reaction of valves operating in turn across multiple buildings within the zone, making it difficult to stabilize the heating status of the entire zone. Setting a regulation dead zone ensures that the system only responds to deviations that truly reflect uneven heating, filtering out measurement noise and minor deviations caused by normal operating fluctuations, thus achieving a balance between regulation sensitivity and system stability.

[0051] The determination of positive and negative deviation threshold values ​​requires comprehensive consideration of the measurement accuracy of the return water temperature sensor, the natural fluctuation range of the return water temperature caused by the thermal inertia of the building envelope, and the acceptable room temperature deviation range for users. Positive and negative deviation thresholds are typically set to symmetrical values. This symmetrical setting ensures consistent system response sensitivity to both overheating and underheating conditions. For example, if the positive deviation threshold is 0.8℃ and the negative deviation threshold is -0.8℃, then valve adjustment will not be triggered when the corrected return water temperature deviation falls within the range of [-0.8℃, 0.8℃]. This value range is based on the assumption that when the return water temperature difference between two buildings is within 1.6℃, according to typical operating parameters of the heating system, the room temperature difference between the two buildings typically does not exceed 0.5℃, which is within the acceptable comfort deviation range for users.

[0052] In the generation of the target opening adjustment command, when the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of a building exceeds the dead zone boundary, the adjustment direction of the valve opening is determined based on the direction of the deviation, and the adjustment amount of the valve opening is determined based on the extent to which the deviation exceeds the dead zone boundary. When the deviation of the corrected return water temperature is positive and exceeds the positive deviation threshold, it indicates that the corrected return water temperature of the building is higher than the zone average, and the current heating supply to the building by the pipe network is relatively excessive. A target opening adjustment command to reduce the opening of the balancing valve of the building is generated. By reducing the valve opening, the heating flow through the building is reduced, causing the return water temperature of the building to drop towards the zone average. When the corrected return water temperature deviation is negative and below the negative deviation threshold, it indicates that the corrected return water temperature of the building is lower than the zone average, and the current pipe network provides relatively insufficient heat to the building. Step S21 generates a target opening adjustment command to increase the opening of the balance valve of the building. By increasing the valve opening, the heat flow through the building is increased, so that the return water temperature of the building rises towards the zone average.

[0053] The relationship between the target valve opening adjustment and the extent to which the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeds the dead zone boundary is designed using a direct proportional relationship. A coefficient is set for the valve opening adjustment per unit of corrected return water temperature deviation. The target valve opening adjustment is obtained by multiplying the extent to which the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeds the dead zone boundary by this coefficient. The principle behind this direct proportional relationship is that the greater the extent to which the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeds the dead zone boundary, the more severe the deviation from the zonal heating balance of the building, requiring a larger valve opening adjustment to correct this deviation. If a fixed adjustment amount is used without considering the deviation amplitude, multiple adjustment cycles are required to eliminate the deviation in buildings with large deviations, prolonging the time it takes for the system to reach equilibrium. If a non-linear relationship such as the square of the deviation amplitude is used, the adjustment amount may be too large for buildings with moderate deviations where the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone boundary but the deviation amplitude has not yet reached the level of a large deviation. That is, for buildings where the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone boundary by an amplitude between zero and a preset large deviation judgment threshold (for example, the large deviation judgment threshold is 2℃, and the moderate deviation corresponds to the case where the deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone boundary by an amplitude between 0℃ and 2℃), leading to over-adjustment and causing reverse deviation. The determination of the opening adjustment amount coefficient corresponding to the unit corrected return water temperature deviation needs to be combined with the hydraulic characteristics of the heating system. If the coefficient is too large, it will lead to over-adjustment and oscillation; if the coefficient is too small, it will lead to under-adjustment and the deviation will persist for a long time. For example, the opening adjustment amount coefficient corresponding to the unit corrected return water temperature deviation is 0.05, that is, for every 1℃ increase in the amplitude of the corrected return water temperature deviation exceeding the adjustment dead zone boundary, the opening adjustment amount of the building's balancing valve increases by 5 percentage points.

[0054] Without the return water temperature correction in step S10, step S21 can only calculate the deviation based on the actual return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building. During the daytime, the actual return water temperature of south-facing buildings passively increases due to the additional contribution of solar radiation, approaching the return water temperature of north-facing buildings. The deviation calculated in step S21 falls into the adjustment dead zone, and no adjustment command is generated. The building's balancing valve maintains a small opening. After sunset, the south-facing buildings show insufficient heating due to the disappearance of solar heat gain, and the room temperature of users drops. Step S10 removes the additional contribution of solar radiation from the return water temperature of south-facing buildings, so that the corrected return water temperature deviation calculated in step S21 can truly reflect the relatively insufficient heating state of the pipe network for south-facing buildings. Even during the daytime, it can trigger the adjustment command to increase the opening of the balancing valve for south-facing buildings, so that south-facing buildings can obtain sufficient pipe network heating flow before sunset, avoiding the drop in room temperature after sunset due to the disappearance of solar heat gain. The setting of the dead zone allows step S21 to achieve a balance between responding to actual heating imbalances and filtering measurement noise. Without the setting of the dead zone, the system will overreact to sensor measurement errors and normal operation fluctuations. The hydraulic disturbances caused by frequent valve operations make it difficult to stabilize the zonal heating state. The predictive correction in subsequent step S22 and the differentiated linkage in step S23 are both based on instability and are difficult to play their expected role.

[0055] Step S22: Obtain the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence within the future preset time period provided by the meteorological forecast system, calculate the time average value of the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence and compare it with the real-time horizontal solar irradiance intensity collected by the meteorological station at the current moment to determine the predictive correction amount, and add the predictive correction amount to the target opening adjustment command to generate the predictive correction target opening adjustment command for the balance valve of each building. The method for determining the predictive correction amount is as follows: when the time average of the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence is lower than the product of the real-time horizontal solar irradiance intensity and the irradiance reduction judgment ratio, the predictive correction amount is determined based on the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation.

[0056] Specifically, the target valve opening adjustment command is essentially a responsive adjustment to the current heating status, initiating adjustment only after a deviation has occurred. However, the thermal inertia of the building envelope causes a response lag in valve adjustment. The process from a change in valve opening to observable changes in return water temperature and room temperature involves multiple transmission stages. After a valve opening change, water in the pipe network needs time to flow through the building's radiator system; the heat exchange process of the radiators requires time for the radiator surface temperature to change; the indoor air needs time to absorb the heat released by the radiators and warm up; and the building envelope needs time to absorb the heat from the indoor air to reach thermal equilibrium. The cumulative transmission time of these stages forms the overall response lag time from the change in valve opening to an observable change in room temperature. This lag time is positively correlated with the thermal inertia characteristics of the building envelope; the greater the thermal inertia, the longer the response lag time. During periods of rapid change in solar radiation, especially around sunset when solar radiation drops sharply from several hundred watts per square meter to zero, if the system waits until the return water temperature deviation is corrected before responding, the effect of the valve adjustment will not be reflected in the room temperature until some time after sunset, during which time users will experience a drop in room temperature. Step S22 introduces a predicted solar irradiance sequence for future periods, allowing valve adjustment to occur before changes in heat demand occur, upgrading responsive regulation to predictive regulation.

[0057] The execution process of step S22 includes four stages: determining the future preset duration, acquiring and analyzing the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence, calculating the predictive correction amount, and generating the target opening adjustment command after predictive correction. In the stage of determining the future preset duration, the lead time for predictive adjustment is determined based on the thermal inertia characteristics of the building envelope within the zone. The thermal inertia of the building envelope is determined by the specific heat capacity, density, and thickness of the wall material. Heavy brick-concrete structures have high thermal inertia and slow temperature response, while lightweight frame structures or curtain wall structures have low thermal inertia and fast temperature response. Buildings with higher thermal inertia experience longer delays in responding to valve adjustments, requiring the system to make predictive adjustments earlier to achieve the desired room temperature at the target time. Step S22 reads the building structure type information of each building within the zone from the building archive database of the heating management system and determines the future preset duration based on the distribution of building structure types. For example, if the buildings in the zone are mainly heavy brick-concrete structures, the preset duration will be 4 hours; if the buildings in the zone are mainly lightweight frame structures or curtain wall structures, the preset duration will be 2 hours.

[0058] In the acquisition and analysis of the predicted solar irradiance sequence, hourly predicted horizontal solar irradiance data for a predetermined future duration are obtained from a meteorological forecasting system. This system can be a public meteorological service interface provided by national or local meteorological departments, or a commercial meteorological service provider accessible to heating companies. The predicted solar irradiance sequence includes the predicted horizontal solar irradiance values ​​for each hour from the current time to the end of the predetermined future duration. The arithmetic mean of all values ​​in the predicted solar irradiance sequence is calculated as the time average of the predicted horizontal solar irradiance for the predetermined future duration. This time average represents the overall intensity level of solar radiation within the predetermined future duration, and comparing it with the real-time horizontal solar irradiance collected by the meteorological station at the current time can determine the future trend of solar radiation. A threshold for determining a decrease in irradiance is set. When the time average of the predicted solar irradiance sequence is lower than the product of the real-time horizontal solar irradiance and the threshold for determining a decrease in irradiance, it is determined that solar irradiance will decrease significantly within the predetermined future duration, triggering a predictive correction. For example, the irradiance reduction criterion is set at 50%, meaning that a predictive correction is triggered when the time average of the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence is lower than 50% of the real-time horizontal solar irradiance intensity. Typical scenarios of a significant irradiance reduction include a clear afternoon when sunset is predicted, or a clear afternoon when it is predicted to turn cloudy.

[0059] In the calculation of the predictive correction, when it is determined that solar irradiance will decrease significantly within a preset time period, the predictive correction is calculated differently for each building in the zone based on its solar heat gain sensitivity level. For buildings marked as solar insensitive, their return water temperature is not affected by solar radiation, and changes in solar irradiance will not change their heat demand status; therefore, no predictive correction is performed, and the predictive correction is set to zero. For buildings marked as strongly or moderately solar sensitive, a decrease in solar irradiance will lead to a reduction in indoor solar heat gain, increasing the heat dissipation burden on radiators, requiring an increase in valve opening in advance to supplement the heating flow of the pipe network. The predictive correction is determined by reading the real-time return water temperature offset caused by solar radiation for the building, calculated in step S14 within the current data acquisition cycle. This real-time return water temperature offset reflects the contribution of solar radiation to the return water temperature of the building at the current moment. When solar radiation disappears, this contribution will return to zero, and the return water temperature will decrease accordingly. The product of the real-time return water temperature deviation and the predictive correction coefficient is taken as the reference temperature increment for predictive correction. This reference temperature increment is then converted into a valve opening increment according to the valve opening adjustment coefficient corresponding to the unit correction return water temperature deviation in step S21. This valve opening increment is the predictive correction amount for the building. The setting of the predictive correction coefficient needs to consider the uncertainty of the prediction. A predicted decrease in irradiance does not mean that the irradiance will immediately return to zero. Taking a predictive correction coefficient less than 1 is a conservative compromise for the uncertainty of the prediction, avoiding over-adjustment and overheating when the prediction is inaccurate. For example, the predictive correction coefficient is taken as 0.5, that is, half of the current real-time return water temperature deviation is taken as the reference temperature increment.

[0060] In the generation stage of the target opening adjustment command after the anticipatory correction, the anticipatory correction amount is superimposed on the target opening adjustment command output in step S21. For buildings that need to increase their opening, the superimposed anticipatory correction amount further increases the target opening increment; for buildings that are determined in step S21 to maintain the opening or decrease it, if the anticipatory correction amount is sufficient to make the superimposed adjustment amount turn into a positive value, then the target opening adjustment command after the anticipatory correction for that building will also indicate an increase in opening. The superimposed adjustment command is the target opening adjustment command after the anticipatory correction for that building.

[0061] When the time average of the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence is not lower than the product of the real-time horizontal solar irradiance intensity and the irradiance reduction determination ratio, it is determined that the solar irradiance will remain stable or only slightly decrease within the preset time period in the future. No predictive correction is triggered, and the target aperture adjustment command output in step S21 is directly output as the target aperture adjustment command after predictive correction. When meteorological forecast data is unavailable or the forecast update delay exceeds the preset timeliness threshold, it is determined that the forecast data is not timely enough. Step S22 reverts to the pure response adjustment mode, without performing predictive correction, and directly adopts the output of step S21. At the same time, the system pushes an alarm message about abnormal meteorological data to the maintenance personnel. The timeliness threshold is determined to be 1.5 to 2 times the typical update cycle of the meteorological forecast system, with a value range of 2 to 6 hours. If the timeliness threshold is set too short, the brief delay in the normal update process of weather forecast data will be misjudged as insufficient timeliness, causing the system to frequently revert to the pure response adjustment mode and lose the function of predictive correction; if the timeliness threshold is set too long, weather forecast data that has indeed expired will be incorrectly used for predictive correction, resulting in valve misadjustment.

[0062] Step S23: Establish a household-level solar benefit classification, and perform differentiated linkage adjustment on the household-level smart valves of households with different household-level solar benefit classifications according to the target opening adjustment command after the predictive correction, and control each household-level smart valve to switch back to the unified adjustment mode with the room temperature of each household as the target after entering the no-irradiation time window; the household-level solar benefit classification includes solar benefit households, solar deficiency households, and intermediate households.

[0063] The method for establishing a household-level solar benefit classification is as follows: based on the orientation angle of the main facade of each building recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, and combined with the window orientation and window area of ​​each household, the households in each building are divided into solar benefit households, solar deficiency households, and intermediate households.

[0064] The execution method of the differentiated linkage adjustment includes: when the target opening adjustment command after the predictive correction indicates an increase in the building balance valve opening, the opening of the smart valve at the household level for households lacking sunlight increases synchronously, the opening of the smart valve at the household level for intermediate households increases according to a reduction factor, while the opening of the smart valve at the household level for households benefiting from sunlight remains unchanged or decreases; when the target opening adjustment command after the predictive correction indicates a decrease in the building balance valve opening, the opening of the smart valve at the household level for households benefiting from sunlight decreases first, the opening of the smart valve at the household level for intermediate households decreases according to a reduction factor, while the opening of the smart valve at the household level for households lacking sunlight remains unchanged.

[0065] Specifically, steps S21 and S22 determine the adjustment direction and amount of the heating flow rate of each building's balancing valve at the building level. However, adjusting the building balancing valve only changes the total flow rate of the entire building. Different households within the building receive different amounts of solar heat due to differences in window orientation. When the building balancing valve adjusts its opening due to solar correction, changing the total flow rate of the entire building, how to rationally distribute the increased or decreased flow rate among the households within the building is a problem that must be addressed simultaneously. In a secondary heating system, the radiators of each household within the building are connected to the building's heat inlet via risers or horizontal pipes. The flow rate distribution of each household's branch pipe depends on the resistance characteristics of each branch pipe. In the absence of a household-level differentiated distribution mechanism, when the building balancing valve increases its opening and the total flow rate of the building increases, the increased flow rate will flow along the path of least pipe resistance. Typically, households on lower floors or with larger pipe diameters will capture a larger proportion of the increased flow rate, while households on middle floors or with smaller pipe diameters will receive less of the increased flow rate. If the increased heating flow is taken up by south-facing residents while north-facing residents receive insufficient additional flow, the adjustment of the building's balancing valve, although correcting the heating shortage at the overall building level, creates a new imbalance within the building. Residents facing north and lacking solar energy, who truly need flow compensation, will not see improvement. Step S23 establishes household-level solar benefit classification labels and implements differentiated household-level smart valve linkages when the building's balancing valve is adjusted, ensuring that the flow redistribution within the building matches the actual heating needs of each resident.

[0066] Step S23's execution process includes three stages: establishing household-level solar benefit classification labels, executing differentiated linkage adjustment rules, and switching to a unified adjustment mode within the no-irradiance time window. In the household-level solar benefit classification label establishment stage, solar benefit classification labels are set for each household in each building within the zone. Household-level smart valves refer to electrically operated regulating valves installed at the inlet of each household's heating pipe. These valves can receive remote control commands from the heating management system to automatically adjust the valve opening, thereby changing the heat flow through the household's radiators. Window orientation and area information for each household are retrieved from the household files in the heating management system. Window orientation information refers to the direction faced by the household's main windows, which are typically the windows in the living room and master bedroom. These rooms have larger window areas and residents spend more time there, making them the most directly affected by solar heat gain. Window area information refers to the area of ​​windows facing each direction within the household. The proportion of the total window area to the total exterior wall area of ​​the household reflects the size of the pathway for solar radiation to enter the room.

[0067] Based on window orientation and window area ratio, residents are categorized into three types: solar beneficiaries, solar-deficient residents, and intermediate residents. A resident is designated as a solar beneficiary if their main window faces south, the angle between the window's normal and due south does not exceed a preset south-facing angle threshold, and the total window area accounts for a proportion of the resident's total exterior wall area that is not less than a preset window-to-wall ratio benefit threshold. Solar beneficiaries receive direct solar radiation during the day through their south-facing windows, resulting in room temperatures higher than those achievable solely by piped heating, thus reducing their need for piped heating. A resident is designated as a solar-deficient resident if their main window faces north, the angle between the window's normal and due north does not exceed a preset north-facing angle threshold, or if they have a south-facing window but its area ratio is lower than a preset window-to-wall ratio deficiency threshold, or if they are located on a lower floor of a building where shading is determined to exist in step S11 and their floor is below the boundary height of the shadow cast by the shading building. Households lacking solar radiation receive almost no effective solar heat gain throughout the day, and their room temperature relies entirely on the piped heating network, resulting in relatively high demand for this service. Households that do not meet the criteria for being either solar beneficiaries or solar-deficient, such as those with east- or west-facing windows, are designated as "middle households." Middle households receive some solar heat gain in the morning or afternoon, but not as significantly as south-facing households. The threshold for determining the south-facing angle is based on the maximum angle of deviation of the normal direction of the main window of a resident from due south during the winter daytime, when the window receives effective direct solar radiation. The value ranges from 45° to 75°. The threshold for determining the north-facing angle is based on the maximum angle of deviation of the normal direction of the main window of a resident from due north during the winter daytime, when the window does not receive any direct solar radiation. The value ranges from 45° to 75°. The threshold for the window-to-wall ratio benefit is based on the minimum ratio of the south-facing window area to the total exterior wall area of ​​the resident that is sufficient to significantly reduce the demand for piped heating. The value ranges from 20% to 30%. The threshold for the missing window-to-wall ratio is based on the maximum ratio of the south-facing window area to the total exterior wall area of ​​the resident that is lower than the maximum ratio that makes solar heat gain negligible. The value ranges from 10% to 20%, and the missing window-to-wall ratio threshold is less than the window-to-wall ratio benefit threshold. The specific values ​​of the above four thresholds are determined by the geographical latitude of the zone and the typical solar altitude angle in winter. For areas with higher geographical latitude and lower solar altitude angle in winter, the southward determination angle threshold is closer to the upper limit, and the window-to-wall benefit threshold is closer to the lower limit.

[0068] See Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage adjustment between the building balance valve and the household-level intelligent valve provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5The diagram illustrates the adjustment direction of the building's balancing valve opening, the classification boundary between households benefiting from and lacking solar radiation, the piping structure of the household-level smart valve with radiators, and the differentiated linkage actions corresponding to the two types of households when the building's balancing valve opening is adjusted. It visually presents the core execution logic of building-level flow regulation and household-level flow redistribution. In the execution phase of the differentiated linkage adjustment rules, based on the direction of the pre-corrected target opening adjustment command, differentiated linkage adjustments are performed on the household-level smart valves of each household within the building. The core principle of differentiated linkage adjustment is: when the building's balancing valve increases its opening to increase the total flow of the building, the increased flow is preferentially allocated to households lacking solar radiation; when the building's balancing valve decreases its opening to reduce the total flow of the building, the flow reduction is preferentially reduced from households benefiting from solar radiation. When the pre-corrected target opening adjustment command instructs an increase in the building's balancing valve opening, the building needs to increase its heating flow due to a correction of low return water temperature or a predicted decrease in irradiance. Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a scenario where the opening of the building's balancing valve increases. The following rules apply to the coordinated adjustment of the smart valves at the household level within the building. For households benefiting from solar energy, the opening of the household-level smart valve remains unchanged. Figure 5 The "maintain" action of the household-level smart valve labeled on the side of the solar beneficiary household indicates that if the room temperature reported by the room temperature acquisition device of that solar beneficiary household is higher than the target room temperature and exceeds the preset overheating threshold, the opening of the household-level smart valve for that solar beneficiary household will be appropriately reduced. The reduction range is within the preset overheating reduction range, releasing some of the flow that should have flowed into that solar beneficiary household to other households in the same building. The purpose of maintaining or reducing the opening of the solar beneficiary household is that, due to the low heat demand of solar beneficiary households, allocating additional flow to them would result in overheating waste. Maintaining or reducing the opening of the solar beneficiary household ensures that more of the additional flow flows to other households. The overheating threshold is based on the room temperature overheating deviation that can be clearly perceived by the human body, and the value ranges from 1°C to 2°C. If the overheating threshold is too low, normal fluctuations in room temperature will be misjudged as overheating, frequently triggering the reduction of the opening. If the value is too high, a real overheating state will not be corrected in time. The overheat reduction range is determined by the range of opening changes required to release excess flow without causing a sudden drop in room temperature for households benefiting from solar energy during a single adjustment. This range is 3% to 15%, with the lower limit not lower than the minimum recognizable opening change of the household-level smart valve and the upper limit not higher than the opening reduction required to cause a drop in room temperature exceeding 0.5℃ within a single data collection cycle for households without solar energy. For households without solar energy, the household-level smart valve opening is increased from the current value. Figure 5The "Increase ↑" action of the smart valve at the household level, indicated by the label on the side of the unit with insufficient solar energy, is determined by rounding down the increase in the opening of the balancing valve for that building, based on the proportion of households with insufficient solar energy among all households in the building. The purpose of proportionally allocating the increase in the opening of households with insufficient solar energy is to ensure that the increase in flow received by these households matches their proportion within the building, preventing some households from receiving too much or too little flow due to uneven distribution. For intermediate households, the increase in the opening of the smart valve at the household level is the product of the increase for households with insufficient solar energy and the reduction coefficient for intermediate households. Intermediate households receive some solar heat gain, and their heat demand falls between that of households with sufficient solar energy and those with insufficient solar energy; therefore, their increase in the opening is correspondingly between the two. The reduction coefficient for intermediate households is based on the ratio of the difference between the total daily solar heat gain of intermediate households and households with insufficient solar energy to the difference between the total daily solar heat gain of households with sufficient solar energy and those with insufficient solar energy, with a value ranging from 0.3 to 0.7. The closer the reduction factor for the middle unit is to 1, the closer its heat demand is to that of a solar beneficiary unit; the closer it is to 0, the closer its heat demand is to that of a solar-deficient unit. The reduction factor for the middle unit of a unit with east-facing windows may be the same as or different from that of a unit with west-facing windows. The specific value is determined by the diurnal variation curve of solar radiation on a typical sunny winter day in the district where the unit is located.

[0069] When the pre-emptive correction instruction to reduce the building's balancing valve opening indicates that the building's return water temperature is too high, resulting in a relative oversupply of heat, the following rules apply to the household-level smart valves within the building: For households benefiting from solar energy, the household-level smart valve opening is preferentially reduced. The reduction amount is equal to the reduction in the building's balancing valve opening, calculated by allocating the reduction to households benefiting from solar energy according to their proportion of all households in the building and then rounding down. The principle behind prioritizing the reduction in the opening of households benefiting from solar energy is that the oversupply in the building is mainly due to the reduced radiator load and increased return water temperature caused by the solar heat gain of these households. Since the heat demand of these households is already lower due to solar heat gain, reducing the heating flow in the pipe network will not cause a drop in room temperature; instead, it will bring their room temperature back from an overheated state to near the target room temperature. For households lacking solar energy, the household-level smart valve opening remains unchanged and does not participate in the flow reduction. The principle behind maintaining the heating valve opening for households lacking solar heat is that these households rely entirely on the piped heating network, as they receive no solar heat. Their heating flow is already strained; reducing the flow to households receiving solar heat eliminates the overall heating surplus in the building, without affecting the heating comfort of households lacking solar heat. For intermediate households, the reduction in the opening of the household-level smart valve is the product of the reduction in the solar heat gain and the reduction coefficient for intermediate households.

[0070] In the switching phase of the unified adjustment mode within the no-radiation time window, it is detected whether the current moment has entered the no-radiation time window for the building where the resident resides, as determined in step S12. Within the no-radiation time window, solar radiation is zero, all residents receive no solar heat, and the difference in heat demand between households benefiting from and lacking solar energy disappears. The heat demand of all residents depends solely on the balance between the pipe network heating and the heat dissipation from the building envelope. Upon detecting entry into the no-radiation time window, the smart valves at each household level are controlled to exit the differentiated linkage mode and revert to the unified adjustment mode, driven by the deviation between the measured room temperature reported by each household's room temperature acquisition device and the target room temperature for that resident. In the unified adjustment mode, each household's smart valve independently adjusts its opening based on the deviation between the current measured room temperature and the target room temperature for that resident. When the measured room temperature is lower than the target room temperature by more than a preset threshold for insufficient room temperature adjustment, the opening of the smart valve for that resident is increased; when the measured room temperature is higher than the target room temperature by more than a preset threshold for excessive room temperature adjustment, the opening of the smart valve for that resident is decreased; when the difference between the measured room temperature and the target room temperature falls within the range formed by the thresholds for insufficient and excessive room temperature adjustment, the opening of the smart valve for that resident remains unchanged. The principle of independent adjustment for each resident under the unified adjustment mode is that there is no solar radiation at night, and there are no differences in heat demand between households due to solar radiation. Each resident's heat demand is only related to the characteristics of its building envelope, its floor location, and its user habits. Differences in heat demand caused by these factors can be handled through independent closed-loop room temperature adjustment for each resident, without the need for further differentiated linkage. For example, the threshold for insufficient room temperature adjustment is -0.5℃, and the threshold for excessive room temperature adjustment is +0.5℃. The above threshold is the deviation between the measured room temperature and the target room temperature. For example, when the target room temperature is set to 20°C, the valve adjustment is triggered only when the measured room temperature is lower than 19.5°C or higher than 20.5°C. This deviation range is within the comfort tolerance range that is difficult for the human body to perceive.

[0071] Step S23 implements the building-level flow adjustment down to the household level, ensuring that the flow changes after the building balancing valve adjustment are distributed within the building according to the actual heat demand of each household. Without step S23, the increased flow after the building balancing valve opens wider would be taken up by households with lower pipe resistance, potentially resulting in south-facing households receiving a large increase in flow and becoming overheated, while north-facing households lacking sunlight receive a smaller increase in flow and remain too cold. The building-level adjustment is correct, but the household-level distribution is inappropriate, creating a secondary imbalance: "the building is adjusted correctly, but the household is adjusted incorrectly." Step S23, through differentiated linkage—maintaining or reducing the opening for households receiving solar benefits and increasing the opening for households lacking sunlight—ensures that more of the increased flow flows to households with high heat demand and lacking sunlight. This coordinated building-level adjustment and household-level distribution ensure that the adjustment effect of the entire tiered linkage system is truly reflected at the user end.

[0072] Step S20, by sequentially executing steps S21 to S23, transforms the corrected return water temperature output in step S10 into specific adjustment commands for the building-level balancing valves and household-level smart valves, forming a three-tiered linkage adjustment system from zone to building to household. Step S21 establishes the basic rules for converting the corrected return water temperature deviation into target opening adjustment commands for the building-level balancing valves. Step S22 superimposes a predictive correction based on the predicted solar irradiance intensity sequence on top of step S21. Step S23 decomposes the building-level adjustment commands to the household level and executes differentiated linkage adjustments. These three steps are progressive and synergistic, jointly achieving layered and zoned linkage adjustment of the two-network balancing valves with room temperature as the ultimate goal. Step S20 transforms the corrected return water temperature signal output in step S10 into executable valve adjustment commands and ensures, through the three-tiered linkage mechanism, that the adjustment commands simultaneously achieve precise heating distribution decoupled from solar radiation both between and within buildings. Step S21 generates basic adjustment commands for building balancing valves based on the corrected return water temperature deviation. These commands aim to equalize the corrected return water temperature of each building within the zone, ensuring that the heating flow rate of each building's pipe network matches its respective heat load. The setting of the adjustment dead zone ensures that the system only responds to deviations that truly reflect heating imbalances, filtering out measurement noise and normal operation fluctuations, and avoiding mechanical wear and hydraulic disturbances caused by frequent valve operations. The setting of the opening adjustment coefficient corresponding to a unit corrected return water temperature deviation makes the adjustment amount proportional to the deviation amplitude. Buildings with larger deviations receive larger adjustment amounts to quickly correct the deviation, while buildings with smaller deviations receive smaller adjustment amounts to avoid over-adjustment.

[0073] Step S22 upgrades valve regulation from passive response to proactive anticipation. By introducing a predicted solar irradiance sequence for future periods, the valve opening is adjusted in advance to prepare for upcoming changes in heat demand. This proactive regulation eliminates the lag effect caused by the thermal inertia of the building envelope. When a significant decrease in solar irradiance is predicted, the system increases the valve opening of south-facing buildings in advance to supplement the heating flow from the pipe network. This ensures that south-facing buildings receive sufficient heating from the pipe network when solar radiation actually disappears, maintaining room temperature within the target range and preventing a drop due to the loss of solar heat gain. The proactive correction amount is determined based on the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building at the current moment. This deviation reflects the contribution of solar radiation to the return water temperature of each building at the current moment. The proactive correction amount is calculated based on this deviation to match the actual solar heat gain characteristics of each building. The proactive correction coefficient is set to balance the correction strength with prediction uncertainty, avoiding over-regulation due to prediction bias.

[0074] Step S23 adjusts the flow rate at the building level down to the household level, ensuring that the flow redistribution within the building matches the actual heat demand of each resident through differentiated linkage between households benefiting from and lacking solar radiation. The differentiated linkage works as follows: when the building balancing valve increases its opening to increase the total flow rate, the household-level smart valves of households lacking solar radiation simultaneously increase their openings, while the openings of the household-level smart valves of households benefiting from solar radiation remain unchanged or decrease, allowing more of the increased flow to households lacking solar radiation with higher heat demand; conversely, when the building balancing valve decreases its opening to reduce the total flow rate, the openings of the household-level smart valves of households benefiting from solar radiation decrease first, while the openings of the household-level smart valves of households lacking solar radiation remain unchanged, ensuring that the flow reduction mainly occurs in households benefiting from solar radiation with lower heat demand. The mechanism of switching to a unified adjustment mode during the no-irradiance time window ensures that the system no longer executes differentiated linkage after solar radiation disappears at night. Each household's household-level smart valve adjusts independently based on its own room temperature, adapting to the characteristic that the heat demand of all residents tends to be consistent at night.

[0075] The adjustment method in step S20, by introducing the corrected return water temperature as the core criterion, eliminates the interference of solar heat gain caused by differences in building orientation. This allows the flow distribution of each building to accurately reflect its actual physical heat demand, thus solving the problem of a sudden drop in room temperature after sunset for south-facing buildings and ensuring the uniformity of north-south room temperature throughout the day. Based on this, the predictive correction mechanism utilizes irradiance prediction data to achieve proactive adjustment, completing valve settings before actual fluctuations in heat load occur. This effectively offsets the response lag caused by building thermal inertia, controlling indoor temperature fluctuations within a minute range imperceptible to the human body, and improving heating comfort. This refined control further penetrates to the household level, actively guiding heat flow to north-facing or shaded households through differentiated linkage of household-level smart valves, eliminating uneven heating within the building, and ensuring that every resident receives a consistent heating experience through precise heat distribution. While ensuring adjustment accuracy, the system's built-in adjustment dead zone and conservative correction constraint mechanisms ensure smooth and orderly valve operation. While avoiding mechanical wear and hydraulic oscillation, it also reduces the overall operating energy consumption of the area by abandoning the extensive mode of "overheating the whole to keep the cold end".

[0076] Example 2: This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, provides a layered and zoned linkage adjustment system for a dual-network balance valve, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes: Return water temperature correction module: Used to establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building within the calibration period of the heating season, and calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation in daily operation using the calibrated return water temperature deviation. The corrected return water temperature of each building is obtained by extracting the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building. Command tuning module: used to perform horizontal comparison within the zone to calculate the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building, generate the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, and perform predictive correction on the target opening adjustment command to generate the predicted corrected target opening adjustment command. Linkage adjustment module: used to establish household-level solar benefit classification, and to perform differentiated linkage adjustment on household-level smart valves of different household-level solar benefit classifications based on the target opening adjustment command after predictive correction.

[0077] Furthermore, in the return water temperature correction module, the method for establishing the solar heat gain sensitivity grading profile includes: Obtain the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade of each building within the zone. Classify the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building based on the orientation angle of the main facade. Calculate the solar heat gain sensitivity of each building based on the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade. Determine the shading relationship between buildings to correct the solar heat gain sensitivity level and solar heat gain sensitivity, thus forming a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building within the zone.

[0078] The calibration method for the return water temperature deviation caused by the irradiance received per unit of main facade includes: The baseline relationship of non-radiated return water temperature for each building was fitted. During the calibration period of the heating season, the actual return water temperature, horizontal solar irradiance, and solar altitude angle at the heat inlet of each building during the day were collected. Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, the horizontal solar irradiance was converted into the irradiance received by the main facade of each building. The difference between the actual return water temperature and the baseline return water temperature determined under the same comprehensive outdoor temperature was defined as the return water temperature offset. The return water temperature offset was linearly fitted to the irradiance received by the main facade to obtain the return water temperature offset caused by each unit of irradiance received by the main facade of each building.

[0079] The method for fitting the baseline relationship of the non-radiation return water temperature of each building includes: Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building is differentiated to determine the corresponding radiation-free time window for each building. Within the radiation-free time window, the return water temperature, real-time outdoor air temperature, and real-time wind speed at the heat inlet of each building are collected. The comprehensive outdoor temperature is calculated based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed. The return water temperature and the comprehensive outdoor temperature are linearly fitted to obtain the baseline relationship of the radiation-free return water temperature for each building.

[0080] Furthermore, in the instruction tuning module, the calculation method for correcting the return water temperature deviation is as follows: The arithmetic mean of the corrected return water temperature of all buildings in the zone is calculated as the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone. The difference between the corrected return water temperature of each building and the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone is calculated to obtain the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building.

[0081] The method for generating the target opening adjustment command includes: Determine whether the correction return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone. If it does, determine the target opening adjustment direction and adjustment amount of the balance valve for each building based on the direction and magnitude of the correction return water temperature deviation that exceeds the adjustment dead zone, and generate the target opening adjustment command for the balance valve for each building. The adjustment dead zone is composed of a positive deviation threshold and a negative deviation threshold.

[0082] The methods and systems of this application may be implemented in many ways. For example, they may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order of steps for the method is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the method of this application are not limited to the order specifically described above, unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0083] In addition, the parts of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application that are consistent with the implementation principles of the corresponding technical solutions in the prior art have not been described in detail, so as to avoid excessive elaboration.

[0084] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balancing valve, characterized in that, The method includes: Establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building during the heating season calibration period, and use the calibrated return water temperature deviation to calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation during daily operation. Extract the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building to obtain the corrected return water temperature of each building. The corrected return water temperature of each building is compared horizontally within the zone to calculate the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building. Based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building is generated. The target opening adjustment command is predicted and corrected to generate the predicted target opening adjustment command. A household-level solar benefit classification is established. Based on the predicted target opening adjustment command, the household-level smart valves of households with different household-level solar benefit classifications are adjusted in a differentiated manner. The calibration method for the return water temperature deviation caused by the received radiation intensity per unit of the main facade includes: fitting the non-irradiated return water temperature reference relationship of each building; collecting the actual return water temperature, horizontal solar irradiance intensity, and solar altitude angle at the heat inlet of each building during the calibration period of the heating season; converting the horizontal solar irradiance intensity into the received radiation intensity of the main facade of each building based on the main facade orientation angle and solar altitude angle recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive; defining the difference between the actual return water temperature and the reference return water temperature determined by the non-irradiated return water temperature reference relationship under the same comprehensive outdoor temperature as the return water temperature deviation; and performing linear fitting between the return water temperature deviation and the received radiation intensity of the main facade to obtain the return water temperature deviation caused by the received radiation intensity per unit of the main facade of each building.

2. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for establishing the solar heat gain sensitivity grading file includes: Obtain the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade of each building within the zone. Classify the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building based on the orientation angle of the main facade. Calculate the solar heat gain sensitivity of each building based on the orientation angle and window-to-wall ratio of the main facade. Determine the shading relationship between buildings to correct the solar heat gain sensitivity level and solar heat gain sensitivity, thus forming a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building within the zone.

3. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for fitting the baseline relationship of the non-radiation return water temperature of each building includes: Based on the solar heat gain sensitivity classification file, the solar heat gain sensitivity level of each building is differentiated to determine the corresponding radiation-free time window for each building. Within the radiation-free time window, the return water temperature, real-time outdoor air temperature, and real-time wind speed at the heat inlet of each building are collected. The comprehensive outdoor temperature is calculated based on the real-time outdoor air temperature and real-time wind speed. The return water temperature and the comprehensive outdoor temperature are linearly fitted to obtain the baseline relationship of the radiation-free return water temperature for each building.

4. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation method for the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation includes: In daily operation, the system acquires real-time horizontal solar irradiance and real-time solar altitude angle collected by the meteorological station. Based on the main facade orientation angle and real-time solar altitude angle recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, the system calculates the real-time main facade irradiance received by each building at the current moment. Based on the real-time main facade irradiance received and the return water temperature deviation caused by each unit of main facade irradiance received, the system calculates the real-time return water temperature deviation caused by solar radiation for each building at the current moment.

5. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation method for correcting the return water temperature deviation is as follows: The arithmetic mean of the corrected return water temperature of all buildings in the zone is calculated as the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone. The difference between the corrected return water temperature of each building and the mean of the corrected return water temperature of the zone is calculated to obtain the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building.

6. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for generating the target opening adjustment command includes: Determine whether the correction return water temperature deviation exceeds the adjustment dead zone. If it does, determine the target opening adjustment direction and adjustment amount of the balance valve for each building based on the direction and magnitude of the correction return water temperature deviation that exceeds the adjustment dead zone, and generate the target opening adjustment command for the balance valve for each building. The adjustment dead zone is composed of a positive deviation threshold and a negative deviation threshold.

7. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for predictively correcting the target opening adjustment command includes: The system acquires the predicted solar irradiance sequence for a preset time period provided by the meteorological forecast system, calculates the time average of the predicted solar irradiance sequence, compares it with the real-time horizontal solar irradiance collected by the meteorological station at the current moment, determines the predictive correction amount, and adds the predictive correction amount to the target opening adjustment command to generate the predictive correction target opening adjustment command for the balance valve of each building.

8. The method for layered and zoned linkage adjustment of a dual-network balance valve according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method for establishing a household-level solar benefit classification includes: based on the orientation angle of the main facade of each building recorded in the solar heat gain sensitivity classification archive, and combined with the window orientation and window area of ​​each household, the households in each building are divided into solar benefit households, solar deficiency households, and intermediate households.

9. A layered and zoned linkage adjustment system for a dual-network balancing valve, used to implement the layered and zoned linkage adjustment method for a dual-network balancing valve as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The system includes: Return water temperature correction module: Used to establish a solar heat gain sensitivity classification file for each building, calibrate the return water temperature deviation caused by the radiation intensity received by each unit of the main facade of each building within the calibration period of the heating season, and calculate the real-time return water temperature deviation of each building caused by solar radiation in daily operation using the calibrated return water temperature deviation. The corrected return water temperature of each building is obtained by extracting the real-time return water temperature deviation from the real-time return water temperature collected at the heat inlet of each building. Command tuning module: used to perform horizontal comparison within the zone to calculate the deviation of the corrected return water temperature of each building, generate the target opening adjustment command of the balance valve of each building based on the deviation of the corrected return water temperature, and perform predictive correction on the target opening adjustment command to generate the predicted corrected target opening adjustment command. Linkage adjustment module: used to establish household-level solar benefit classification, and to perform differentiated linkage adjustment on household-level smart valves of different household-level solar benefit classifications based on the target opening adjustment command after predictive correction.

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