Method for evaluating the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of evaluation determination methods of ceramic glaze wear resistance and corrosion resistance, in combination with glaze hardness, establish the connection between time corrosion and hardness change, through data inspection and characterization, realize the evaluation of glaze wear resistance and corrosion resistance in short time, so as to solve the characterization and evaluation problem that various glaze measurement methods of prior art cannot cover long-term durability, effectively solve the problem of lack of feasible judgment basis for glaze wear resistance and corrosion resistance life in ceramic industry for a long time, especially in building sanitary ceramics industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic glaze technology, and in particular to a method for evaluating and measuring the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] However, while traditional glazes are smooth and easy to clean initially, scratches and discoloration appear over time, making cleaning difficult and becoming a major source of consumer complaints about ceramic products. Scratches are essentially a reflection of hardness (wear resistance), specifically a decrease in strength caused by crack propagation. This decrease in wear resistance primarily stems from the propagation of microcracks: glaze surfaces inevitably contain various microcracks or pores. During cleaning, chemical corrosion and friction cause these cracks to propagate, reducing both stain resistance and hardness. This decrease in hardness further exacerbates crack propagation during subsequent repeated cleaning, further reducing hardness and stain / corrosion resistance. This decline in hardness and stain resistance over time cannot be assessed through simple visual inspection or static characterization. As mentioned earlier, crack propagation is the result of a cyclical interaction between hardness and chemical corrosion. This chemical corrosion process is slow and persistent, and currently lacks readily observable data for evaluation, making it a significant challenge for the industry in addressing the wear and corrosion resistance issues of glazes.

[0003] Although the national standards include chemical corrosion resistance standards (GB3810.13-2016, GB9989.2-2025) and pollution resistance standards (GB3810.14-2016), their schemes include (1) corrosion, combined with visual inspection and subjective scoring and grading; (2) corrosion, combined with weight loss rate for rating. Both of these schemes are static characterization methods, which reflect the corrosion situation at a certain point in time and cannot dynamically characterize corrosion resistance. Secondly, for scheme 1, visual inspection is used for characterization, which cannot quantitatively represent the changes in wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the glaze over time. Finally, when using weight loss rate characterization, it is usually necessary to conduct destructive experiments on the material under extreme conditions such as strong acid and strong alkali, that is, by breaking the silicon-oxygen bonds in the glass, the corrosion process is transient, which is inconsistent with the mechanism of gradual decrease in strength (decrease in wear resistance) due to crack propagation under repeated cleaning and other time effects in actual applications. Therefore, it cannot effectively characterize the change law of wear resistance characteristics with corrosion time. Furthermore, while a few studies have characterized the corrosion resistance of glazes using parameters such as gloss, changes in gloss are related to multiple factors, including decreased wear resistance and other factors such as the embedding of other colored substances into pores. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a direct link between wear resistance and corrosion resistance, let alone consider the effects of time, i.e., the long-term trend of wear and corrosion resistance. Thus, establishing a direct link between wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and evaluating the changing trends of glaze wear and corrosion resistance, is crucial for assessing the quality of ceramic products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for evaluating and measuring the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes. By combining the hardness of the glaze, a relationship is established between time corrosion and hardness changes, enabling data-driven verification and characterization. This solves the problem that existing measurement methods for various glazes cannot cover the characterization and evaluation of long-term durability, and achieves a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of glazes.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for evaluating and determining the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze. A ceramic block sample with glaze is immersed in an acidic or alkaline solution and heated continuously at 25–100°C for 0–30 days. During this period, one ceramic block sample is taken out every 1–2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness is tested. A hardness decay curve is obtained by plotting the number of days on the x-axis and microhardness on the y-axis. The reciprocal of the maximum slope of the tangent line of the decay curve is taken, and the absolute value of this reciprocal is defined as the wear resistance and corrosion resistance coefficient, used to determine the wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The larger the wear resistance and corrosion resistance coefficient, the stronger the wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0007] Furthermore, the acid solution described in this invention is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or glacial acetic acid, and its concentration is 10. -6 ~12 mol / L; the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, ethylenediamine, or triethylamine, with a concentration of 10. -6 ~6 mol / L.

[0008] In the above scheme, the microhardness testing method of the present invention adopts the hardness test of commonly used inorganic non-metallic materials (GB / T9790-2021), such as Vickers hardness, Knoop hardness, etc.

[0009] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] This invention uses acid or alkali solution immersion as a means, supplemented by a heating process. By periodically measuring the hardness of the glaze surface under different corrosion conditions (acid and alkali concentration, temperature and time), the time-related corrosion damage is converted into hardness changes, and the hardness change law with corrosion time is obtained. Thus, the evaluation of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the glaze can be obtained in a short time, effectively solving the long-standing problem in the ceramic industry of lacking feasible judgment criteria for the wear resistance and corrosion resistance life of glaze. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0012] Figure 1 This is the hardness decay curve of ceramic block sample 1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a function of acid corrosion time;

[0013] Figure 2 This is the hardness decay curve of ceramic block sample 1 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention as a function of acid corrosion time;

[0014] Figure 3 This is the hardness decay curve of ceramic block sample 2 in Embodiment 3 of the present invention as a function of acid corrosion time;

[0015] Figure 4 This is the hardness decay curve of ceramic block sample 1 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a function of alkali corrosion time;

[0016] Figure 5 This is the hardness decay curve of ceramic block sample 2 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a function of alkali corrosion time. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1:

[0018] This embodiment describes a method for evaluating the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze: The ceramic block sample 1 with glaze is immersed together in a solution of 10... -3 The ceramic block was heated in a mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid solution at 40℃ for 10 days. During this period, a ceramic block sample was taken out every 1-2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness was tested. The results were obtained by plotting the number of days on the x-axis and the microhardness on the y-axis. Figure 1 The curve showing the decrease in hardness over time is shown.

[0019] For microhardness testing, a Vickers microhardness tester (Suzhou Fermat Instrument Automation Technology Co., Ltd., FnessV0510A fully automatic Vickers hardness tester) was used to determine the Vickers hardness of the sample's glaze surface. The sample surface must be highly level and smooth. During measurement, provided there are no obvious cracks at the four corners of the indentation, the largest possible load should be selected. Each sample should be indented at least five times, and the indentations should be evenly distributed across the sample surface. The diagonal length d of each indentation in two mutually perpendicular directions is measured and calculated using the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula Hv Vickers hardness, unit: Hv ; P Load, kg; d The diagonal length is mm. Five samples were tested for each formulation, and the average was taken.

[0022] Example 2:

[0023] This embodiment provides a method for evaluating and determining the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze surfaces. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the heating temperature is 100℃, resulting in the following... Figure 2The hardness decay curve shown is a function of corrosion time. The microhardness test method is the same as in Example 1.

[0024] Example 3:

[0025] This embodiment describes a method for evaluating the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze: The ceramic block sample 2 with glaze is immersed together in a solution of 10... -3 The ceramic block was heated in a mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid solution at 40℃ for 10 days. During this period, a ceramic block sample was taken out every 1-2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness was tested. The results were obtained by plotting the number of days on the x-axis and the microhardness on the y-axis. Figure 3 The hardness decay curve shown is a curve representing the decrease in hardness over time. The microhardness testing method is the same as in Example 1.

[0026] Example 4:

[0027] The following is a method for evaluating and determining the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze in this embodiment: The ceramic block sample 2 with glaze is immersed together in a solution with a concentration of 10... -4 The ceramic block was heated in a sodium hydroxide solution at 40°C for 10 days. During this period, one ceramic block sample was taken out every 1-2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness was tested. The results were obtained by plotting the number of days on the x-axis and microhardness on the y-axis. Figure 4 The hardness decay curve shown is a function of corrosion time. The microhardness test method is the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Example 5:

[0029] This embodiment describes a method for evaluating the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze: The ceramic block sample 1 with glaze is immersed together in a solution of 10... -4 The ceramic block was heated in a sodium hydroxide solution at 40°C for 10 days. During this period, one ceramic block sample was taken out every 1-2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness was tested. The results were obtained by plotting the number of days on the x-axis and microhardness on the y-axis. Figure 4 The hardness decay curve shown is a function of corrosion time. The microhardness test method is the same as in Example 1.

[0030] The magnitude of the absolute value of the reciprocal of the maximum slope of the tangent to the decay curve ( The reciprocal value is used to determine the wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The absolute value of this reciprocal value is defined as the wear resistance and corrosion resistance coefficient. The test results of each embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1. Results of wear resistance and corrosion resistance coefficients of samples from various embodiments of the present invention.

[0032]

[0033] *The concentration of the acid / base solution is mol / L. Examples 1, 2, and 3 use dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and Examples 4 and 5 use sodium hydroxide solution.

[0034] As shown in Table 1, the wear and corrosion resistance coefficients of Sample 2 reached 0.052 (in acid solution) and 0.089 (in alkaline solution), which are higher than those of Sample 1 under the same test conditions (0.018 and 0.026). Therefore, Sample 2 has more outstanding corrosion and wear resistance characteristics.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating and determining the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze, characterized in that: Ceramic block samples with glaze were immersed together in an acidic or alkaline solution and heated continuously at 25–100°C for 0–30 days. During this period, one ceramic block sample was taken out every 1–2 days, washed with deionized water, and its microhardness was tested. The hardness decay curve with corrosion time was obtained by plotting the number of days as the x-axis and the microhardness as the y-axis. The reciprocal of the maximum slope of the tangent line of the decay curve was taken, and the absolute value of the reciprocal was defined as the wear and corrosion resistance coefficient as the criterion for wear and corrosion resistance.

2. The method for evaluating and determining the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid solution is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or glacial acetic acid, and its concentration is 10%. -6 ~12 mol / L; the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, ethylenediamine, or triethylamine, with a concentration of 10. -6 ~6 mol / L.

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