Cement silo bottom adaptive flow state unloading control method and device

Abstract

The application provides a cement silo bottom self-adaptive flow state unloading control method and device, relates to the technical field of automatic control, and comprises the following steps: acquiring unloading operation data set in the cement silo bottom unloading process; constructing a silo bottom flow state observation graph containing the association relationship of the silo bottom unloading unit based on the unloading operation data set; identifying potential compacted areas, fluidized blocked areas, dead material risk areas and collapsed material impact areas based on the silo bottom flow state observation graph to form a flow state instability area identification result; generating structure regulation instructions for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch breaking execution path and flow field reconstruction instructions for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle according to the flow state instability area identification result; performing collaborative verification on the structure regulation instructions and the flow field reconstruction instructions to generate a target unloading regulation scheme; and performing silo bottom unloading control based on the target unloading regulation scheme. The application can solve the problem of flow state instability in the cement silo bottom unloading process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automation control, specifically to an adaptive flow unloading control method and apparatus for cement silo bottom. Background Technology

[0002] In the cement production process, finished cement is typically stored in large steel silos or concrete silos and transported out of the silos via a bottom unloading system. Most existing cement silo bottom unloading methods employ a central discharge structure, with a pressure-reducing cone and multiple discharge ports at the bottom. After discharge, the cement enters an aerated chute, where compressed air fluidizes the cement above the permeable layer, and the cement is transported by gravity due to the chute's inclination angle. To ensure continuous cement output, anti-arch devices, air supply systems, and chute angle adjustment structures are typically installed on-site to improve the continuity of unloading at the bottom and the stability of the aerated chute's transport. With the increasing demand for cement silo capacity and continuous shipments, pressure variations, fluidized conveying, and multi-area coordinated unloading during the bottom unloading process have become increasingly important factors affecting cement output efficiency.

[0003] During the unloading process at the bottom of existing cement silos, when the cement transitions from a static, stockpiled state to a fluidized state, imbalances can easily occur between the material flow path, material pressure distribution, aeration permeability, and chute conveying conditions. This leads to localized areas of rapid flow and localized stagnation, resulting in phenomena such as arching, material collapse, backflow, and expansion of dead material zones. Particularly with a central single-point discharge method, material near the central outlet preferentially forms a fixed flow channel, while areas near the silo walls and around the pressure-reducing cone gradually form low-flow zones, easily causing prolonged material stagnation. Simultaneously, damage to the permeable layer, moisture in the compressed air, cement backflow into the air chamber, or uneven localized air supply can cause parts of the aerated chute to lose stable fluidization capacity, resulting in intermittent fluctuations in the chute conveying state. Existing control methods are mostly based on single discharge control or single gas supply regulation. They lack a coordinated regulation mechanism for the silo bottom structure, arch breaking path, gas supply status, and chute conveying status. It is difficult to dynamically link and control according to the flow state changes in different areas of the silo bottom. During continuous unloading, problems such as local compaction, fluidization obstruction, and unstable downstream conveying are still likely to occur. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an adaptive flow unloading control method and device for cement silo bottom, which can solve the problem of flow instability during cement silo bottom unloading.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present invention, an adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom is provided, the method comprising: Obtain the set of unloading operation data during the cement silo bottom unloading process; Based on the unloading operation data set, a bottom flow pattern observation map containing the correlation of bottom unloading units is constructed; Based on the fluidity observation map at the bottom of the reservoir, potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas are identified to form the identification results of fluid instability areas. Based on the identification results of the flow instability region, structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch breaking execution path are generated, as well as flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. The structural control command and the flow field reconstruction command are jointly verified to generate a target unloading control scheme; Based on the target unloading control scheme, bottom unloading control is executed.

[0006] In a second aspect of the invention, an adaptive flow unloading control device for cement silo bottom is provided. The device is used to execute an adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottom as described in any of the above embodiments. The device includes an acquisition module, a processing module, and an output module, wherein: The acquisition module is used to acquire a set of unloading operation data during the unloading process at the bottom of the cement silo. The processing module is used to construct a bottom flow pattern observation map containing the correlation between bottom unloading units based on the unloading operation data set; The processing module is used to identify potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas based on the flow state observation map at the bottom of the reservoir, and to form a flow instability area identification result. The processing module is used to generate, based on the flow instability region identification results, structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch-breaking execution path, and flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. The processing module is used to perform collaborative verification of the structure control command and the flow field reconstruction command to generate a target unloading control scheme. The output module is used to perform bottom unloading control based on the target unloading control scheme.

[0007] In a third aspect of the invention, an electronic device is provided, including a processor and a memory, the memory having a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements an adaptive flow unloading control method for the bottom of a cement silo as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, perform an adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom as described in any of the preceding claims. In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0009] This invention constructs a silo bottom flow pattern observation map that reflects the dynamic flow relationship in the silo bottom area by correlating the silo bottom unloading structure state, material pressure release state, arch breaking state, gasification state, and chute conveying state. Based on material pressure changes, fluidization states, and conveying states in different areas, it identifies potential compaction areas, fluidization obstruction areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas. This allows silo bottom unloading control to dynamically adjust to the actual flow state in different areas, rather than relying on a fixed center unloading method. Simultaneously, by generating structural control commands and flow field reconstruction commands, it coordinates the control of multi-layer discharge ports, arch breaking execution paths, air supply states, and chute conveying angles. This ensures that the material pressure release path matches the fluidization conveying path, preventing the long-term formation of fixed low-resistance flow channels or high-pressure stagnation areas in local areas. This reduces the conditions for arching, collapse, backflow, and the expansion of dead material areas, and improves the overall flow balance, fluidization continuity, and downstream conveying stability of cement at the silo bottom. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottom disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cement silo bottom discharge device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a reservoir bottom flow pattern observation map disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structural unloading relationship disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a flow field reconstruction relationship diagram disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a material unloading collaborative verification relationship diagram disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a module of an adaptive flow unloading control device for cement silo bottom disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 701, acquisition module; 702, processing module; 703, output module; 801, processor; 802, communication bus; 803, user interface; 804, network interface; 805, memory. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0013] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "for example" or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "for example" or "for instance" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "for example" or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0014] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple systems means two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals means two or more screen terminals. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0015] This embodiment discloses an adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottoms, referring to... Figure 1 It includes the following steps: S110, acquire the unloading operation data set during the cement silo bottom unloading process.

[0016] S120, construct a bottom flow pattern observation map based on the unloading operation data set, which includes the correlation between the bottom unloading units.

[0017] S130 identifies potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas based on the bottom flow regime observation map, forming the result of flow regime instability area identification.

[0018] S140, based on the identification results of the flow instability region, generates structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch breaking execution path, as well as flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply status of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle.

[0019] S150 performs collaborative verification of structural control commands and flow field reconstruction commands to generate a target unloading control scheme.

[0020] S160 executes bottom unloading control based on the target unloading control scheme.

[0021] The flow instability during the unloading process at the bottom of a cement silo is essentially due to the inability to maintain a continuous and stable relationship between the internal forces, pressure release, gas-solid coupling, and conveying connections of the powder at the silo bottom as it transitions from a static, stockpiled state to a dynamic, fluidized state. This leads to significant differences in the material flow capacity across different areas of the silo bottom, resulting in phenomena such as localized flow spikes, localized stagnation, localized collapse, and conveying fluctuations. This type of problem is not merely manifested as a decrease in discharge velocity, but rather as a gradual evolution of the entire silo bottom area from a stable overall flow to a non-uniform, localized flow.

[0022] When cement is stored in a silo for a long period, the bottom area develops high static pressure due to the compaction caused by its own weight. Because cement is a fine-particle powder, there is friction, interlocking, and localized adsorption between particles. Under the influence of temperature fluctuations, changes in moisture content, and differences in particle size distribution, some areas are prone to forming localized dense or hardened layers. When the silo bottom uses a central single-point discharge, the cement near the central outlet enters a flowing state first, while the outer areas remain in a high-pressure static state. The material in the silo gradually forms a funnel-shaped flow channel from the center upwards. As discharge continues, this flow channel is continuously strengthened, and subsequent material will preferentially fall along the fixed channel with less resistance. This results in a long-term lack of effective material flow renewal near the silo wall, the surrounding area, and the area outside the pressure-reducing cone, eventually forming a dead zone.

[0023] During this process, the pressure at the bottom of the silo is not released uniformly. The pressure in the central area drops rapidly, while the pressure in the outer area continues to accumulate, and the pressure difference continues to widen. Due to the lack of an effective unloading path in the outer area, some high-pressure areas gradually form an arched stress structure. This stress structure redistributes the pressure of the upper material column laterally and obliquely, rather than directly transmitting it downwards to the discharge port, thus forming an arched or eccentric arch. Once the arch is formed, even if the discharge port below remains open, only a small area of ​​material near the discharge port actually participates in the flow, while the larger area of ​​material above remains in a static stress state, causing the unloading process to exhibit phenomena such as inconsistent speed, intermittent descent, or sudden collapse.

[0024] Meanwhile, the fluidization state of the aerated chute directly affects the flow stability at the bottom of the silo. Existing aerated chute systems typically rely on compressed air passing through a permeable layer to form a gas-solid mixture above it, giving the cement a certain degree of fluidity. Gravity transport is then achieved using the chute's inclination angle. If the permeable layer is partially damaged, compressed air will leak out from the damaged area, resulting in excessively high air velocity in some areas while other areas suffer from insufficient air supply, preventing the cement from forming a uniform fluidized layer. If cement backflows into the air chamber or air supply pipes, it will block the air supply channels, causing some areas of the chute to lose fluidization capacity. If the compressed air contains moisture, it can easily cause a hardened layer to form on the canvas surface, reducing permeability. As a result, fluidizable and non-fluidizable areas coexist within the chute, leading to problems such as localized stagnation, backflow, and sudden changes in flow velocity during cement transport.

[0025] Besides the gas supply status, the chute conveying angle also affects flow stability. When the chute conveying angle is small, the gravity component is insufficient, and even if the cement has reached a fluidized state, it is easy to remain on the chute surface and accumulate. When the chute conveying angle is large, the material flow velocity will increase significantly, which can easily cause enhanced material flow impact in local areas and lead to uneven downstream conveying. When multiple areas at the bottom of the silo participate in unloading simultaneously, the difference in conveying capacity between different chute conveying units will further amplify local flow fluctuations, causing some areas to experience continuous material extraction, while other areas will be unable to establish a stable fluidized conveying path for a long time.

[0026] Furthermore, traditional unloading control methods typically employ fixed air supply or discharge modes, lacking the ability to dynamically adjust to real-time flow changes in different areas of the silo bottom. For example, when material accumulation occurs in a certain area, high-speed unloading in the central area may continue, leading to further compaction in the outer areas; when insufficient air supply occurs in a certain area, operation may still be based on a fixed air supply, failing to restore the local fluidization state in a timely manner; and when material collapse occurs in a local area, the lack of coordination mechanisms between the arch-breaking device, air supply status, and chute conveying status can easily cause new material instability.

[0027] Therefore, the flow instability during the unloading process at the bottom of the cement silo is actually a comprehensive instability problem caused by the lack of coordination and matching between the silo bottom structural state, material pressure release state, arch breaking state, aeration state, and inclined chute conveying state. Once a fixed low-resistance flow channel or a fixed high-pressure retention zone is formed in a certain area, it is easy to gradually evolve into an overall unbalanced unloading state, ultimately affecting the continuity of cement silo bottom unloading and the stability of downstream conveying.

[0028] In practice, when obtaining the unloading operation data set during the cement silo bottom unloading process, refer to... Figure 2First, a monitoring system for unloading operation is established based on the main structure of the cement silo. The silo wall and the pressure-reducing cone together form a contraction unloading space at the bottom of the silo. An annular discharge zone is set around the pressure-reducing cone, and multiple multi-layer discharge ports are distributed circumferentially within the annular discharge zone. Each multi-layer discharge port has a corresponding inclined chute inlet below it, and multiple inclined chute inlets are connected to an air-filled inclined chute. The air-filled inclined chute is equipped with a permeable layer and an air supply distribution plate. It is connected to multiple air supply zones G1, G2, G3, and G4 via compressed air pipelines below. The end of the air-filled inclined chute is connected to the inclined chute discharge port and downstream conveying equipment. During the unloading process, cement flows from the outer area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone to the annular discharge zone, enters the air-filled inclined chute through the multi-layer discharge ports, moves along the conveying direction of the inclined chute under the fluidization effect formed by the permeable layer, and finally enters the downstream conveying equipment.

[0029] When the cement silo is in normal storage condition, the cement inside mainly relies on its own weight to form a static accumulation structure. The area surrounding the pressure-reducing cone, due to the long-term pressure from the upper material column, easily forms a high-pressure compaction zone. As the multi-layer discharge ports open, the cement near the discharge area enters a flowing state first, and the material pressure within the annular discharge zone begins to redistribute. At this time, if the discharge rate in the central area is higher than the replenishment rate in the outer area, a funnel-shaped flow channel extending upwards from the center of the pressure-reducing cone is easily formed, while the cement near the silo wall and the annular area maintains a higher static pressure. To monitor the material flow changes in different areas in real time, a corresponding operational status acquisition system needs to be established around the pressure-reducing cone, the annular discharge zone, the multi-layer discharge ports, the aeration chute, and the aeration supply zones.

[0030] Bottom pressure monitoring points are set up in the outer area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone and inside the annular discharge zone to acquire the pressure changes in different circumferential and radial areas. The points near the center of the pressure-reducing cone are mainly used to monitor the pressure release rate in the central discharge area, while the points near the silo wall are mainly used to monitor whether there is a long-term high-pressure retention in the annular areas. Since the annular discharge zone adopts a circumferential distribution structure, the bottom pressure monitoring points are arranged at intervals along the annular direction, ensuring that each circumferential area can generate independent pressure monitoring results. The acquired bottom pressure status includes at least the pressure magnitude, the rate of pressure change, and the pressure difference between adjacent areas.

[0031] Discharge status detection points are set at the multi-layer discharge outlet locations. Since each multi-layer discharge outlet corresponds to the upper, middle, and lower discharge outlets, the discharge flow rate, discharge outlet opening, and discharge continuity status of each level of discharge outlet are acquired. The discharge flow rate status characterizes the cement flow rate entering the chute inlet per unit time, the discharge outlet opening status characterizes the degree of participation of the multi-layer discharge outlets in unloading, and the discharge continuity status characterizes whether there are intermittent fluctuations in the material flow. For multi-layer discharge outlets near the center of the pressure-reducing cone, the local collapse fluctuation status is also acquired simultaneously to determine whether there is a momentary concentrated unloading phenomenon in the central area.

[0032] An arch-breaking execution status detection position is set at the location of the arch-breaking device. Since the arch-breaking device is arranged circumferentially along the annular discharge zone, each arch-breaking execution status detection position is used to acquire the arch-breaking action status of different annular areas. The acquired arch-breaking execution status includes at least the arch-breaking execution frequency, arch-breaking execution duration, arch-breaking execution direction, and the material flow recovery status after the arch-breaking action. If a certain annular area still does not recover stable discharge after the arch-breaking action, it indicates that the corresponding area may have local compaction or hardened arching.

[0033] Inside the air-filled chute, pressure differential detection points and air supply status detection points are set up. The pressure differential detection points are arranged along air supply zones G1, G2, G3, and G4 to obtain the pressure differential changes above and below the air layer in different air supply zones. When the air layer is partially blocked, the canvas caking, or cement backflows into the air chamber, the pressure differential in the corresponding area will increase significantly. The air supply status detection points are used to obtain the air supply pressure, air supply flow rate, and air supply valve opening status for each air supply zone. Since the air supply zones are arranged sequentially along the length of the chute, each air supply zone corresponds to the fluidization state of different chute conveying areas.

[0034] Inclined chute conveying status detection points are set up in the chute support structure and the chute conveying area. These detection points are used to acquire information on the chute conveying angle, inlet material flow, internal flow velocity, and outlet conveying status. The chute conveying angle characterizes the current chute inclination; the inlet material flow characterizes the material entering the chute after being released from multiple discharge outlets; the internal flow velocity characterizes the continuity of fluidized conveying between different air supply zones; and the outlet conveying status characterizes whether there are interruptions, accumulations, or impact fluctuations when cement leaves the aerated chute.

[0035] Downstream conveying feedback detection points are set at the discharge port of the chute and at the downstream conveying equipment to obtain the load status, conveying fluctuation status, and blockage feedback status of the downstream conveying equipment. When local material collapse or abnormal air supply occurs inside the chute, the material flow fluctuation will gradually be transmitted to the downstream conveying equipment. Therefore, the downstream conveying feedback status can reflect the overall conveying stability of the current inflatable chute.

[0036] After completing the setup of each detection location, the acquired data on silo bottom pressure, discharge flow rate, discharge port opening, arch breaking execution, permeable layer pressure difference, air supply, chute conveying, and downstream conveying feedback are processed for unified time alignment. Since the sampling periods at different detection locations may differ, the unloading control cycle is used as a unified time reference to synchronously map various operational status data, enabling the establishment of corresponding relationships between changes in silo bottom pressure, discharge, air supply, and chute conveying at the same time.

[0037] After time alignment, abnormal data processing is performed on the unloading operation data. When a momentary change occurs at a detection location, but the corresponding state in adjacent areas does not change synchronously, this state is judged as abnormal sampling data; when the air supply flow rate of a certain air supply zone suddenly decreases, while the pressure difference of the permeable layer increases significantly, this state is retained as a true fluidization anomaly state; when the flow rate of a certain multi-layer discharge port suddenly increases and is accompanied by downstream conveying feedback fluctuations, this state is retained as a collapse impact state. Through the above processing, the direct impact of a single detection error on subsequent flow regime analysis is avoided.

[0038] After processing the abnormal data, the operational status data corresponding to each detection location are categorized according to the pressure reduction cone center area, annular discharge area, multi-layer discharge port, arch breaking device, air supply zones G1 to G4, air-filled chute, and chute conveying unit, forming a discharge operation data set. The discharge operation data set can simultaneously reflect the dynamic changes between the pressure release status of the bottom material, the discharge status, the arch breaking status, the fluidized air supply status, and the chute conveying status.

[0039] In one possible implementation, when performing time alignment and anomaly processing on the unloading operation data set, the following steps are taken: First, the silo bottom pressure status, discharge flow rate status, arch breaking execution status, permeable layer pressure difference status, air supply status, and chute conveying status are synchronously numbered according to a unified unloading control cycle. Since the sampling frequencies at different detection locations are not consistent, the pressure detection location near the center of the pressure reduction cone typically uses a shorter sampling cycle, while the air supply status sampling cycle corresponding to air supply zones G1 to G4 is relatively longer. Therefore, a unified time axis needs to be established. Specifically, each unloading control cycle is defined as a unified observation cycle. Within the same unified observation cycle, all operational status data are resampled and mapped so that changes in silo bottom pressure, discharge port opening, and air supply can correspond to the same time section.

[0040] For the time-aligned operational status data, further abnormal data processing is performed. If the material pressure change of a certain bottom unloading unit increases instantaneously, but the corresponding material pressure change and discharge flow rate change in the adjacent ring area do not change synchronously, then this state is judged as a sampling disturbance; if the permeable layer pressure difference of a certain air supply zone continues to increase, while the flow velocity of the corresponding inclined chute conveying unit decreases, then this state is retained as a true fluidization anomaly state. Here, the permeable layer pressure difference refers to the air pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the permeable layer, which reflects the flow resistance of compressed air passing through the permeable layer. When the permeable layer becomes compacted or blocked, the permeable layer pressure difference will increase significantly.

[0041] In one embodiment, a decrease in air supply flow occurs in the area corresponding to air supply zone G2, while the discharge flow rates of the bottom unloading units corresponding to B2, A2, and I1 also decrease synchronously, and the pressure difference of the permeable layer continues to increase. In this case, the state is determined to be a fluidization anomaly in region G2, rather than a detection error. When constructing the flow regime observation map at the bottom of the silo, this abnormal state is retained for flow regime correlation analysis.

[0042] When dividing the silo bottom unloading units based on the actual unloading structure, the entire silo bottom area is divided into zones according to the radial structural relationship from the center of the pressure-reducing cone towards the silo wall and the circumferential structural relationship of the annular discharge zone. The annular side area is divided into zones A to F. Each annular side area is further divided into three silo bottom unloading units according to the multi-layer discharge ports corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower layers. For example, A1, A2, and A3 correspond to the upper, middle, and lower unloading areas in annular side area A, respectively. Transitional unloading units I1 to I6 are set near the center of the pressure-reducing cone to describe the material pressure transfer state from the annular side area to the center of the pressure-reducing cone.

[0043] The bottom unloading unit here refers to the smallest unloading analysis area within the same local region that has similar material pressure, similar discharge, and similar fluidization states. Different bottom unloading units are interconnected through material flow relationships and force transmission relationships.

[0044] After completing the division of the bottom unloading units, the unloading connection relationship between the ring-side bottom unloading units and the inclined conveying units is established. G1 to G4 correspond to the air supply and conveying areas divided along the length of the aerated inclined chute. Different bottom unloading units correspond to different air supply zones; for example, A3, F3, and I6 correspond to the G1 air supply zone, and B2, C3, and I2 correspond to the G3 air supply zone. The unloading connection relationship refers to the fact that the cement released from a bottom unloading unit ultimately enters the inclined conveying area controlled by the corresponding air supply zone. By establishing this relationship, it is possible to track whether a synchronous conveying fluctuation occurs in the corresponding inclined conveying area after a flow anomaly occurs in a bottom unloading unit.

[0045] When establishing the mapping relationship between the bottom unloading unit and the on-site detection locations, the material pressure detection location, discharge flow rate detection location, permeable layer differential pressure detection location, and air supply status detection location are respectively mapped to different bottom unloading units. The material pressure detection locations located on the periphery of area A mainly correspond to areas A1 and A2, while the material pressure detection locations near the center of the pressure reducing cone mainly correspond to areas A3 and I1. The permeable layer differential pressure detection locations corresponding to air supply zone G2 simultaneously correspond to areas A2, B3, I1, I6, and E3.

[0046] The mapping relationship refers to establishing an influence association between the same detection data and multiple bottom unloading units. When a detection location simultaneously affects multiple bottom unloading units, the corresponding weights are determined based on spatial distance, unloading path direction, and gas supply connection relationship. For example, when the gas supply flow rate in region G3 decreases, the impact on regions B2 and C3 is greater than that on region D3. Therefore, in subsequent flow regime analysis, the detection data in region G3 is preferentially attributed to the corresponding node attributes of B2 and C3.

[0047] When generating node attributes based on the mapping relationship, a corresponding set of state parameters is established for each bottom unloading unit. Node attributes include at least the following: material pressure change, discharge flow rate change, permeable layer pressure difference change, air supply response, arch breaking response, and local velocity change. Material pressure change describes the pressure change state of the material column within the current bottom unloading unit; discharge flow rate change describes the continuity of unloading in that area; air supply response describes the degree of flow recovery after an air supply change; and arch breaking response describes the material flow recovery after an arch breaking action.

[0048] For example, if the material pressure change in region A3 continues to increase while the corresponding discharge flow rate change continues to decrease, and the arch breaking response is low, it indicates that region A3 has formed a local compaction state; if the air supply response in region B2 decreases significantly while the pressure difference in the permeable layer continues to increase, it indicates that the fluidization state in region B2 has deteriorated.

[0049] When establishing circumferential associative edges, adjacent bottom unloading units on the same annular level are connected. For example, a circumferential associative edge is established between A1 and B1, and between B1 and C1. Circumferential associative edges are used to describe the lateral feeding relationship between annular areas. When the unloading speed of a certain area increases significantly, the material pressure in adjacent areas will be redistributed to that area. Therefore, circumferential associative edges can reflect the circumferential material pressure migration process.

[0050] When establishing radial correlation edges, the bottom unloading units on the same radial path are connected. For example, a radial correlation edge is established between A1 and A2, between A2 and A3, and between A3 and the central area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone. Radial correlation edges are used to describe the material pressure release relationship of cement from the outer area to the central area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone.

[0051] When establishing a conveyor receiving edge, connect the bottom unloading unit of the silo to the corresponding air supply zone. For example, A3, F3, and I6 establish conveyor receiving edges with G1. The conveyor receiving edge is used to describe the fluidization conveying relationship of materials after they enter the chute conveying area from the bottom unloading area.

[0052] When establishing interlayer association edges, different layers within the same ring-shaped region are connected. For example, interlayer association edges are established between A1 and A2, and between A2 and A3. Interlayer association edges are used to describe the coordinated unloading relationship between the upper, middle, and lower discharge ports.

[0053] Each edge relationship is configured with edge attributes. Spatial adjacency identifier is used to describe whether there is an actual structural adjacency relationship between two nodes; material flow direction is used to describe the normal unloading direction of cement; structural connectivity strength is used to describe the degree of structural connectivity between different areas; material pressure transmission strength is used to describe the degree of influence of material pressure change in one area on adjacent areas; fluidization support strength is used to describe the fluidization support capacity of the gas supply zone for the corresponding unloading area.

[0054] For example, the pressure transfer intensity between A3 and the central area of ​​the pressure reducing cone is usually higher than that between A1 and A2, because A3 is closer to the central unloading area, and its pressure changes have a more direct impact on the overall unloading status. When the fluidization bearing capacity of the area corresponding to G2 decreases, it indicates that the G2 gas supply zone can no longer maintain stable fluidized delivery.

[0055] The initial reservoir bottom flow pattern observation map is formed by combining the node set, edge set, node attribute set, and edge attribute set. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The initial silo bottom flow pattern observation diagram not only represents the structural relationships at the silo bottom, but also the material pressure transmission relationships, gas supply and gasification relationships, and conveying and receiving relationships between different areas. Each node corresponds to a silo bottom unloading unit or a chute conveying unit, and each edge corresponds to a material flow path or force transmission path.

[0056] In one embodiment, when the discharge flow rate in region C2 continues to decrease, while the pressure difference of the permeable layer in region G4 continues to increase, the weight of the corresponding conveying receiving edge between nodes C2 and G4 in the initial silo bottom flow observation diagram decreases, while the weight of the circumferential association edge between C2 and the adjacent region D2 increases, indicating that the current material flow has begun to shift to region D.

[0057] When performing state enhancement processing on the initial silo bottom flow pattern observation map, the dynamic change trend within multiple consecutive unloading control cycles is further extracted. Short-term flow pattern trends describe the direction of change of the same silo bottom unloading unit within consecutive unloading cycles, such as a continuous increase in material pressure, a continuous decrease in discharge, or a continuous weakening of fluidization. Adjacent flow pattern deviations describe the flow pattern differences between adjacent regions. For example, if the flow rate in region A2 is normal while the flow rate in region B2 is continuously decreasing, then region B2 exhibits a significant flow pattern deviation relative to region A2.

[0058] The arch-breaking effectiveness characterization is used to describe the degree of material flow recovery in the corresponding area after the arch-breaking action. For example, if the material pressure change decreases and the discharge flow rate recovers in area E2 after the arch-breaking action, it indicates that the arch-breaking effectiveness is high; if the corresponding area still does not recover stable discharge after the arch-breaking action, it indicates that the area has formed a relatively stable compacted structure or an abnormal fluidization state.

[0059] In one possible implementation, when reading the node and edge attributes of the bottom flow observation map, the status record of each bottom unloading unit is extracted according to the current unloading control cycle. Node attributes mainly reflect the unloading status of a single bottom unloading unit, typically including changes in material pressure, discharge flow rate, permeable layer pressure difference, air supply response, arch breaking response, discharge port opening change, and local velocity change. Edge attributes mainly reflect the association status between adjacent bottom unloading units or between a bottom unloading unit and a chute conveying unit, typically including structural connectivity strength, material pressure transmission strength, fluidization bearing strength, material flow direction, and spatial adjacency identifier. Here, node attributes are used to determine whether an anomaly has occurred in a single area, and edge attributes are used to determine whether the anomaly will propagate to adjacent areas along the circumferential, radial, interlayer, or chute conveying direction. During the reading process, the corresponding numbers are retained for the unloading units at the bottom of the silo on the side, such as A1 to F3; the transition zone inside the pressure reducing cone, such as I1 to I6; and the chute conveying units, such as G1 to G4. The subsequent identification results can be directly traced back to the specific unloading position and the corresponding control position.

[0060] When performing trend tracking on the node attributes of the same bottom unloading unit within multiple consecutive unloading control cycles, not only are the values ​​of the current cycle compared, but also the direction of change of the bottom unloading unit within the preceding and following cycles are compared. Unit flow evolution data is used to describe the process of the same bottom unloading unit changing from a stable unloading state to an abnormal unloading state. For example, if region A3 shows a continuous increase in material pressure change, a continuous decrease in discharge flow rate change, and a gradual decrease in arch-breaking response within multiple consecutive unloading control cycles, then region A3 is not experiencing short-term fluctuations, but rather exhibits a gradual compaction trend. Similarly, if region B2 shows a continuous increase in the permeable layer pressure difference within multiple consecutive unloading control cycles, while the air supply response does not recover accordingly, then the fluidization conditions corresponding to region B2 are deteriorating. Trend tracking can distinguish between instantaneous sampling fluctuations and actual flow instability, avoiding misjudging short-term material flow jitter as stability defects.

[0061] After generating unit flow evolution data, correlation analysis is performed on changes in material pressure, discharge, air supply, arch breaking, and conveying within the same bottom unloading unit. The so-called multi-type instability region refers to anomaly regions corresponding to different instability mechanisms; different instability mechanisms cannot be simply summarized by a single anomaly label. Potential compaction regions typically exhibit continuous accumulation of material pressure with insufficient discharge release; fluidization-impaired regions typically exhibit abnormal air supply conditions or permeable layer pressure differences, reducing the chute's conveying capacity; dead material risk regions typically exhibit localized areas that do not participate in effective unloading for extended periods; and collapse impact regions typically exhibit rapid, short-term release of material pressure, causing synchronous fluctuations in discharge flow and downstream conveying feedback. By combining unit flow evolution data with different edge attributes, it is possible to determine which type of instability state the anomaly belongs to.

[0062] When identifying potential compaction zones, focus on observing the changes in material pressure, discharge flow rate, and arch-breaking response in the unit flow evolution data, and combine this with the material pressure transmission status of the radially correlated edge for judgment. The radially correlated edge describes the material pressure release relationship between the silo wall direction, the annular discharge zone, and the central area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone. When the material pressure change of a certain bottom discharge unit continues to rise over multiple consecutive discharge control cycles, the discharge flow rate change does not increase with the opening of the discharge port, and the arch-breaking response is low, it indicates that the cement in this area is difficult to release downwards normally. If the material pressure transmission intensity from this area to the central area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone through the radially correlated edge decreases synchronously, it indicates that the material pressure in this area cannot be effectively released along the radial discharge path, thus confirming it as a potential compaction zone. This judgment is applicable to areas near the silo wall or the periphery of the pressure-reducing cone, especially positions such as A3, B3, and F3 that are close to the lower discharge port and undertake radial transition functions.

[0063] For example, during a certain unloading process, the material pressure change in region F3 showed an upward trend for five consecutive unloading control cycles. Although the outlet opening had increased, the discharge flow rate continued to decrease. Simultaneously, the radial correlation of edge material pressure transfer between F3 and the central area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone decreased, and the discharge flow rate did not recover significantly after the arch-breaking action. This indicates that there is localized compaction in region F3, and the cement has not been properly released with the opening of the outlet. Therefore, region F3 is identified as a potential compaction area.

[0064] When identifying areas of fluidization obstruction, focus on observing changes in the permeable layer pressure difference, air supply response, and discharge flow rate, and combine this with the fluidization support status of the conveying receiving edge. The conveying receiving edge describes the fluidization transport relationship after cement released from the bottom unloading unit enters the corresponding chute conveying unit. If the permeable layer pressure difference of a certain bottom unloading unit's corresponding air supply zone continuously increases, and the air supply response remains low after adjusting the air supply pressure or flow rate, while the discharge flow rate decreases, it indicates that stable fluidization support has not been formed after the cement enters the chute in this area. If the fluidization support strength of the corresponding conveying receiving edge decreases, and transport fluctuations occur in a certain air supply zone from G1 to G4, this area is identified as a fluidization obstruction area. Here, fluidization support strength can be understood as the ability of the chute air supply zone to receive material from the bottom of the silo and maintain its fluidized transport.

[0065] For example, if there is a conveying connection between area B2 and air supply zone G3, and the pressure difference of the permeable layer corresponding to G3 increases during several consecutive unloading control cycles, the discharge flow rate does not recover significantly after the air supply valve opening is increased, the fluidization connection strength of the conveying connection side corresponding to B2 decreases, and intermittent material flow occurs at the chute outlet, it can be determined that there is a fluidization obstruction state in area B2 and its corresponding G3 conveying area, which may be caused by permeable layer caking, local backflow, or uneven air supply.

[0066] When identifying dead material risk areas, the judgment is made by combining unit flow evolution data and the stratified unloading status of circumferential and interlayer correlation edges. Circumferential correlation edges describe the material replenishment relationship between adjacent ring-side regions within the same ring level, while interlayer correlation edges describe the unloading coordination relationship between the upper, middle, and lower discharge ports within the same ring-side region. When a ring-side bottom unloading unit maintains a high material pressure for an extended period, the discharge flow rate remains low for a long time, and the discharge status of adjacent circumferential regions is normal, it indicates that this region is not participating in normal ring unloading. If a stable stratified unloading relationship is not formed between the upper, middle, and lower bottom unloading units corresponding to this ring-side region, that is, the material transfer status of the interlayer correlation edges is weak, then this region is prone to long-term material stagnation and is identified as a dead material risk area.

[0067] For example, in the ring-side regions containing E1, E2, and E3, the discharge flow rate changes in E2 and E3 are significantly lower than those in adjacent regions such as D2 and F2 over multiple consecutive unloading control cycles. The material pressure changes do not decrease over a long period, and the discharge port opening meets the opening conditions, but the interlayer correlation edges do not show effective stratified release. In this case, region E tends to not participate in unloading for a long period, and the regions corresponding to E2 and E3 can be identified as dead material risk areas.

[0068] When identifying areas of material collapse impact, focus on the rapid decrease in material pressure change, the sudden increase in discharge flow rate change, and the impact transmission status at the conveyor receiving edge. Material collapse impacts are usually not a long-term, slow change, but rather occur suddenly within a certain unloading control cycle or several adjacent unloading control cycles. If the material pressure change in a certain bottom unloading unit decreases rapidly, the discharge flow rate change increases simultaneously, the material flow at the chute inlet shows a short-term concentrated inflow, and the corresponding conveyor receiving edge exhibits a high impact transmission status within a short period, then it indicates that a material collapse impact exists in that area. If the downstream conveying feedback status simultaneously shows load fluctuations, material flow interruptions, or abnormal conveying speeds, then the material collapse impact has already affected the stability of the chute conveying, and subsequent control measures need to limit the discharge port opening or reduce the frequency of arch breaking.

[0069] For example, if the material pressure in region C3 remains high in the previous cycle, but suddenly drops in the next cycle while the discharge flow rate changes drastically, and downstream conveying feedback fluctuations occur in the chute conveying areas corresponding to G3 or G4, it indicates that localized material collapse may have occurred in region C3. Since the impact is transmitted along the conveyor receiving edge to the chute conveying unit, region C3 is identified as a material collapse impact area.

[0070] After identifying various candidate regions, spatial merging is performed on multiple types of instability regions. Spatial merging combines multiple adjacent anomalous regions belonging to the same instability type into a single, complete fluid instability region, preventing the same physical anomaly from being broken down into multiple scattered alarm points. If there is a clear spatial adjacency between adjacent bottom unloading units, and their structural connectivity, material pressure transmission strength, or fluidization bearing capacity meet the merging criteria, they are considered to belong to the same continuous instability region. Structural connectivity reflects whether there is an actual connection between two regions; material pressure transmission strength reflects the degree of influence of material pressure changes in one region on another; and fluidization bearing capacity reflects whether the corresponding gas supply zones jointly affect the fluidization state of the two regions.

[0071] For example, if A2 and A3 are both identified as potential compaction candidate regions, and the radially correlated edge material pressure transfer intensity between A2 and A3 is high, and the material pressure change direction is consistent for both in multiple consecutive unloading control cycles, then A2 and A3 can be merged into the same potential compaction region. Similarly, if B2 and C3 both exhibit fluidization resistance, and are both affected by the G3 air supply zone, with the corresponding conveying receiving edge fluidization resistance decreasing synchronously, then B2 and C3 can be merged into the same fluidization resistance region.

[0072] When the same bottom unloading unit meets two instability criteria simultaneously, the primary instability type needs to be determined. The primary instability type is determined based on the earliest abnormal factor appearing in that area and influencing subsequent changes. If the difference in permeable layer pressure often precedes the decrease in discharge flow rate, it is preferentially identified as a fluidization obstruction area; if the material pressure continuously increases before the abnormal air supply occurs, it is preferentially identified as a potential compaction area; if a sudden drop in material pressure and a sudden increase in discharge flow rate occur simultaneously, and downstream conveying feedback shows significant fluctuations, it is preferentially identified as a collapse impact area. Other instability types that meet the criteria can be retained as accompanying instability markers to provide auxiliary basis for subsequent control.

[0073] When calculating the regional instability level, a comprehensive assessment is made of the number of bottom unloading units, the number of abnormal duration periods, the degree of material pressure anomaly, the degree of discharge flow rate decrease, the degree of aeration layer pressure difference anomaly, and the degree of downstream conveying feedback fluctuation within each flow instability region. The regional instability level indicates the degree of impact of the flow instability region on the overall unloading stability. The more bottom unloading units included, the larger the abnormal range; the more abnormal duration periods, the more likely the abnormality is not a short-term fluctuation; when it is close to the chute inlet or has already affected the downstream conveying feedback state, it indicates that the abnormality has been transmitted from the bottom region to the conveying region, and the regional instability level should be increased accordingly.

[0074] For example, if a short-term increase in material pressure occurs in a single area A3 but does not affect adjacent areas or the chute conveying status, it can be identified as a low-level potential compaction area. If material pressure continues to rise in A2, A3, and I1, and the corresponding chute inlet discharge flow rate decreases, the instability level of this area is increased. If the pressure difference of the permeable layer in the air supply zone corresponding to G2 increases significantly, and the downstream conveying equipment experiences load fluctuations, the corresponding fluidization obstruction area should be identified as a higher level.

[0075] When generating the identification results for flow instability regions, the type, location, boundary, corresponding bottom unloading unit number, associated multi-layer discharge ports, associated arch-breaking location, associated air supply zone, associated chute conveying unit, and region instability level of each flow instability region are output together. This identification result is not simply an alarm message, but rather the basis for subsequent structural control and flow field reconstruction. For example, potential compaction regions correspond to subsequent arch-breaking execution paths and discharge port opening adjustments; fluidization-impeded regions correspond to air supply zone and permeable layer state adjustments; dead material risk regions correspond to adjustments in the participation ratio of the circumferential multi-layer discharge ports; and collapse impact regions correspond to adjustments in the discharge port opening sequence, arch-breaking frequency, and air supply intensity limits. In this way, the flow instability region identification results can directly connect to the subsequent control process, ensuring a continuous technical relationship between identification, control, and feedback.

[0076] In one possible implementation, when reading the structural association data, based on the region location identified in the flow instability region identification results, the corresponding annular bottom unloading unit, multi-layer discharge outlet, arch-breaking execution position, and pressure-reducing cone connection status are extracted. The annular bottom unloading unit represents the local bottom region participating in unloading within areas A to F; the multi-layer discharge outlet represents the upper, middle, and lower discharge channels within the same annular region; the arch-breaking execution position represents the location capable of loosening the corresponding annular region; and the pressure-reducing cone connection status represents the connectivity state of the annular bottom unloading unit releasing material pressure towards the center of the pressure-reducing cone. For bottom unloading units of different levels within the same region, such as A1 to A3, their inter-layer connectivity needs to be read; for adjacent annular regions such as A and B, and F and A, their circumferential feeding relationship needs to be read; and for regions close to the center of the pressure-reducing cone, such as A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3, and I1 to I6, their radial material pressure transmission relationship needs to be read. In this way, the fluid instability region is no longer just a spatial location marker, but is transformed into a structurally interconnected object that can participate in regulation.

[0077] The multi-layer discharge ports in the structural correlation data are mainly used to characterize the opening status and unloading capacity of discharge channels at different heights within the same annular area. The upper, middle, and lower discharge ports are not isolated actions; the opening of any level of discharge port will affect the material pressure distribution within the same annular area. For example, A1, A2, and A3 correspond to different levels of unloading areas in zone A. A3 is closer to the lower discharge path and more directly affects the material flow at the chute inlet; A1 is located relatively high, and its opening will change the downward feeding trend of the upper material layer. By reading the level position, current opening degree, historical opening duration, and corresponding discharge flow rate of the multi-layer discharge ports, it can be determined whether the appropriate control method for this area is to prioritize lower-layer release, gradually release middle-layer, or supplement upper-layer feeding.

[0078] The arch-breaking execution location in the structural correlation data describes the interaction between the arch-breaking action and the bottom unloading unit. Arch-breaking actions typically do not affect only a single node but also have a loosening effect along adjacent areas. Therefore, the arch-breaking execution location needs to be read in conjunction with circumferential, radial, and interlayer correlation relationships. For example, when region B2 is identified as a potential compaction zone, the arch-breaking action at the corresponding location in region B primarily affects B2 and B3, and may also affect A2, C2, or adjacent transition zones I1 and I2 through circumferential feeding relationships. When reading the arch-breaking execution location, the arch-breaking direction, the range of the arch-breaking action, the frequency of arch-breaking execution, and the recovery status of the discharge after the most recent arch-breaking should be read simultaneously to determine whether the location is suitable as the starting point for arch-breaking in the current flow instability zone.

[0079] The annular discharge zone in the structural correlation data describes the circular unloading path formed along the circumference of the silo bottom from zone A to zone F. The significance of the annular discharge zone is that cement silo bottom unloading does not rely solely on the central area; instead, multiple annular bottom unloading units share the material pressure release. If a certain annular zone does not participate in unloading for an extended period, adjacent circumferential zones will bear more replenishment pressure, potentially leading to flow deviation. When reading the annular discharge zone data, it is necessary to extract the current discharge ratio of each annular zone, the material pressure difference between adjacent zones, the circumferential replenishment direction, and the discharge recovery status of adjacent zones. This data is used to subsequently determine whether it is necessary to increase the discharge port opening of a certain annular zone or reduce the discharge intensity of adjacent low-resistivity channel zones.

[0080] The pressure-reducing cone connection status in the structural correlation data describes the material pressure release channel from the annular silo bottom unloading unit to the pressure-reducing cone center area. The pressure-reducing cone center area is not simply a geometric center; it plays a role in changing the material pressure transmission direction and weakening the pressure of the central material column during unloading. If the radial connection between the pressure-reducing cone center area and a certain annular region is weak, material pressure accumulation is likely to occur in that annular region; if the radial connection is too strong and the central region continues to unload at high speed, it can easily cause the central low-resistance channel to expand. When reading the pressure-reducing cone connection status, it is necessary to extract the material pressure transmission intensity on the corresponding radial path, the discharge ratio in the central region, the historical blockage status of the radial path, and the flow status of the transition zones I1 to I6 to determine whether the unloading ratio between the annular silo bottom unloading unit and the pressure-reducing cone center area needs to be adjusted.

[0081] Reference Figure 4The structural unloading relationship diagram is a structured control diagram formed based on structural correlation data. Nodes include the ring-side silo bottom unloading unit, transition unloading unit, multi-layer discharge port nodes, arch-breaking execution nodes, and inclined chute receiving nodes adjacent to the air supply zone. Edge relationships include radial, circumferential, conveying and receiving, and inter-layer relationships. Radial relationships represent the path of material release from the silo bottom area to the center area of ​​the pressure-reducing cone; circumferential relationships represent the feeding and deflection relationships between adjacent ring-side areas; conveying and receiving relationships represent the receiving relationship of cement released from multi-layer discharge ports after entering the aerated inclined chute; and inter-layer relationships represent the unloading coordination relationship between the upper, middle, and lower discharge ports within the same ring-side area. This diagram does not simply represent equipment location, but rather unifies the actual structure, material pressure release path, arch-breaking range, and inclined chute receiving position into a calculable and adjustable relationship network. Subsequent generation of discharge port adjustment sequences and arch-breaking execution paths are all based on this structural unloading relationship diagram.

[0082] When constructing the structural unloading relationship diagram, first designate A1 to F3 and I1 to I6 as unloading unit nodes at the bottom of the silo, and G1 to G4 as chute conveying receiving nodes. Then, establish circumferential relationships according to the silo bottom planar partitioning relationship, for example, establishing circumferential relationships along the ring direction between area A and area B, area B and area C, area C and area D, area D and area E, area E and area F, and area F and area A. Establish radial relationships according to the radial material pressure release path at the bottom of the silo, for example, establishing radial relationships between A1, A2, A3 and their corresponding transition areas, and establishing radial relationships between B1, B2, B3 and their corresponding transition areas. Establish conveying receiving relationships according to the unloading path, for example, A3, F3, and I6 correspond to G1; A2, B3, I1, I6, and E3 correspond to G2; B2, C3, I2, I3, and D3 correspond to G3; and C2, D2, I4, I5, and E2 correspond to G4. Establish inter-layer relationships based on the hierarchical relationship of the same ring side area, so that there is inter-layer unloading connection between A1, A2, A3 and the upper, middle and lower layers of other ring side areas.

[0083] When generating the discharge port adjustment sequence, the opening sequence and adjustment direction of different multi-layer discharge ports are determined based on the relationship between the flow instability region and the pressure-reducing cone center area, adjacent annular side areas, and inclined chute receiving nodes in the structural unloading relationship diagram. For potentially compacted areas, the participation ratio of the lower-layer discharge ports or discharge ports with a more direct connection to the inclined chute is prioritized to allow the accumulated material pressure to be released from a lower position first. Subsequently, based on the recovery of the discharge flow rate, the middle-layer and upper-layer discharge ports are gradually opened to avoid premature downward pressure of the upper-layer material flow causing local collapse. For areas with dead material risk, the participation ratio of the discharge ports in the annular side area is prioritized to increase, while the discharge intensity of adjacent low-resistance channel areas is appropriately reduced to allow long-term stagnant areas to re-enter the unloading path. For areas with collapse impact, the opening degree of the corresponding discharge port is reduced first, and the opening time of adjacent discharge ports is delayed to avoid multiple areas releasing material pressure simultaneously.

[0084] When generating the arch-breaking execution path, the arch-breaking advancement route is determined based on the correlation direction between the flow instability area and adjacent nodes in the structural unloading relationship diagram. Potential compaction areas generally generate radial arch-breaking execution paths along radial correlations, allowing the arch-breaking action to gradually advance from the high-pressure area on the ring side towards the center of the decompression cone, avoiding a one-time breakthrough of the compacted material layer. Dead material risk areas generally generate circumferential arch-breaking execution paths along circumferential correlations, allowing the arch-breaking action to gradually expand along the annular discharge area, prompting the long-term stagnant area to re-establish a feeding relationship with the adjacent normal discharge area. If the fluidization obstruction area appears near the chute inlet, the arch-breaking execution path prioritizes approaching the blockage location between the discharge port and the chute inlet to relieve local bridging before the material enters the aerated chute. Continuous strong arch-breaking should not be used in the collapse impact area; instead, the frequency and duration of arch-breaking execution should be limited, and the normal arch-breaking rhythm should be resumed after the discharge flow rate decreases.

[0085] For example, regions B2 and B3 are identified as potential compaction zones, with a conveying connection between B3 and G2, and a circumferential relationship between B2 and C2 and A2. In this case, the discharge port adjustment sequence can first increase the opening of the lower discharge port corresponding to B3 to release the material pressure in the lower part of region B; if the material pressure in B2 remains high after the discharge flow rate of B3 recovers, then the middle discharge port corresponding to B2 can be opened. The arch-breaking execution path can proceed from B3 towards B2, and then, based on the material pressure changes in the transition zones I1 and I2, determine whether to continue advancing towards the center of the pressure-reducing cone. This method avoids the sudden downward pressure on the upper material caused by directly opening the upper discharge port of B1, and also avoids further material extraction from the central area leading to increased compaction in region B.

[0086] When generating the structural control priority queue, different flow instability regions are sorted according to their urgency. The flow instability region type distinguishes the nature of the anomaly, the region instability level indicates the anomaly intensity, the distance to the pressure relief cone center determines whether the anomaly will affect the release of central material pressure, the distance to the inlet of the aerated chute determines whether the anomaly will affect the chute's reception, and the downstream conveying feedback status determines whether the anomaly has been transmitted to subsequent conveying stages. Generally, areas with material collapse impacts and fluidization obstruction that have already caused downstream conveying fluctuations have higher priority; areas near the chute inlet causing discontinuity in discharge have higher priority than slightly compacted areas far from the discharge path; and areas with long-term dead material risk that have not yet affected downstream conveying can be gradually controlled after impact-type anomalies are addressed.

[0087] When generating structural control instructions based on the structural control priority queue, the discharge port adjustment sequence and arch-breaking execution path for each region are determined according to priority from high to low, and then converted into specific control parameters. The structural control instructions include at least the target multi-layer discharge port number, target discharge port level, target discharge port opening value, target discharge port opening sequence, target arch-breaking execution position, target arch-breaking execution direction, target arch-breaking execution frequency, and target arch-breaking execution duration. For potentially compacted areas, structural control instructions typically involve increasing the opening of the corresponding lower or middle layer discharge ports in stages and gradually breaking the arch along the radial path; for areas with dead material risk, structural control instructions typically involve increasing the participation ratio of multi-layer discharge ports in the corresponding circumferential area and intermittently breaking the arch along the circumferential path; for areas experiencing material collapse impact, structural control instructions typically involve limiting the discharge port opening, reducing the arch-breaking frequency, and delaying the synchronous unloading of adjacent areas. In this way, the structural control instructions can convert the identification results of flow instability areas into control content that can be directly applied to multi-layer discharge ports and arch-breaking positions.

[0088] In one possible implementation, when acquiring flow field correlation data, the corresponding air supply zones, chute conveying units, permeable layer states, and downstream conveying feedback states are extracted around the identified flow instability region. An air supply zone refers to segmented air supply areas such as G1, G2, G3, and G4 along the length of the aerated chute, with each zone corresponding to a certain range of fluidized conveying sections within the chute. A chute conveying unit refers to a local conveying area within the aerated chute, divided into inlet, middle, and outlet zones. For example, S1 to S4 represent fluidization receiving positions near the chute inlet, S5 to S8 represent continuous conveying positions in the middle section of the chute, and S9 to S12 represent end conveying positions near the chute outlet. The permeable layer state characterizes the ability of compressed air to form fluidized support for cement materials after passing through the permeable layer, and is typically reflected by parameters such as permeable layer pressure difference, air supply pressure, air supply flow rate, local velocity, and material layer thickness. The downstream conveying feedback status is used to reflect the conveying load, material flow fluctuations, and blockage feedback after the chute outlet.

[0089] The extraction of flow field correlation data needs to maintain a correspondence with the aforementioned flow instability region identification results. If a flow instability region is located in the corresponding area A3, F3, or I6, it is mainly associated with the G1 gas supply zone; if it is located in the corresponding area A2, B3, I1, I6, or E3, it is mainly associated with the G2 gas supply zone; if it is located in the corresponding area B2, C3, I2, I3, or D3, it is mainly associated with the G3 gas supply zone; and if it is located in the corresponding area C2, D2, I4, I5, or E2, it is mainly associated with the G4 gas supply zone. Through this correspondence, local anomalies at the bottom of the reservoir can be connected to specific gas supply zones in the inclined chute, so that subsequent gas supply regulation no longer uniformly pressurizes the entire inflatable inclined chute, but rather makes local adjustments to the actual affected gas supply zones.

[0090] When acquiring flow field correlation data, it is also necessary to distinguish the different roles of the inlet, middle, and outlet zones. The inlet zone mainly receives cement flow from multiple discharge outlets and is easily affected by changes in outlet opening and material collapse impact. The middle zone mainly undertakes the continuous conveying of cement after fluidization, and the stability of air supply and the chute conveying angle have a significant impact on it. The outlet zone mainly reflects the conveying capacity at the end of the chute and is directly related to the status of downstream conveying equipment. If the flow in the inlet zone fluctuates significantly, but the middle and outlet zones remain stable, it usually indicates that the anomaly is still near the chute inlet. If the flow velocity decreases or the flow is intermittent in the inlet, middle, and outlet zones, it indicates that fluidization obstruction has spread along the chute conveying direction, requiring coordinated adjustments to the air supply status and the chute conveying angle.

[0091] Reference Figure 5 When constructing the flow field reconstruction diagram based on flow field correlation data, G1 to G4 are designated as air supply zones, and S1 to S12 are designated as nodes in the chute fluidized conveying section. Each air supply zone corresponds to three consecutive nodes along the length of the chute: the inlet zone, the middle zone, and the outlet zone. For example, G1 corresponds to S1, S5, and S9; G2 corresponds to S2, S6, and S10; G3 corresponds to S3, S7, and S11; and G4 corresponds to S4, S8, and S12. Adjacent nodes are connected by material conveying direction, fluidized support by air supply status, and state feedback by monitoring parameter mapping. This flow field reconstruction diagram simultaneously represents the connections between compressed air supply, cement fluidization support, continuous chute conveying, and outlet feedback.

[0092] The nodes in the flow field reconstruction diagram are not simply geometric locations, but fluidized conveying nodes with operational status. Each node records at least the permeable layer pressure difference, air supply pressure, air supply flow rate, local velocity, material flow at the chute inlet, material flow at the chute outlet, and conveying stability. The permeable layer pressure difference is used to determine whether there is blockage, caking, or backflow in the permeable layer; the air supply pressure and flow rate are used to determine whether the air supply zone can support the current material flow; the local velocity is used to determine the movement state of cement in the chute; the material layer thickness is used to determine whether there is local accumulation; and the conveying stability is used to reflect whether there is material flow interruption, impact, or backlog at that node. The relationships between nodes are used to describe whether an anomaly at the current node will propagate to adjacent nodes. For example, if a sudden increase in material flow occurs in the S3 inlet area, the anomaly may propagate along the conveying direction to S7 and S11.

[0093] The relationships in the flow field reconstruction diagram mainly include gas flow fluidization transmission relationships, material transport relationships, mutual influence and feedback relationships, and monitoring data mapping relationships. The gas flow fluidization transmission relationship represents the process by which the gas supply pressure and flow rate, after passing through the permeable layer, form fluidization support for the cement. The material transport relationship represents the process by which cement moves along the chute conveying direction from the inlet area to the middle and outlet areas. The mutual influence and feedback relationships represent how the flow velocity, material layer thickness, and gas supply response between adjacent fluidized transport sections influence each other. The monitoring data mapping relationship represents how the permeable layer pressure difference, gas supply status, local flow velocity, and downstream transport feedback status are mapped to specific nodes. Through these relationships, it is possible to determine whether a particular gas supply zone needs increased gas supply, permeable layer cleaning, reduced gas supply intensity, or adjustment of the chute conveying angle.

[0094] For example, when regions B2, C3, I2, I3, and D3 corresponding to G3 are identified as fluidization-impaired regions, nodes S3, S7, and S11 will be prioritized for analysis. If the pressure difference in the permeable layer at the S3 inlet increases, the local flow velocity in the middle section of S7 decreases, and the material flow in the S11 outlet begins to be intermittent, it indicates that the fluidization impairment within the G3 air supply zone has been transmitted from the inlet to the rear end. In this case, simply increasing the outlet opening will not solve the problem; it is necessary to generate an air supply adjustment sequence around the G3 air supply zone and determine whether to adjust the chute conveying angle synchronously based on the conveying status of S3, S7, and S11.

[0095] When generating the air supply regulation sequence, the direction of air supply regulation is first determined based on the type of flow instability zone. Air supply regulation for potential compaction zones typically focuses on assisted loosening, i.e., appropriately increasing the air supply flow rate or valve opening of the corresponding air supply zone to create fluidization support at the adjacent chute receiving position, in conjunction with material pressure release. Air supply regulation for fluidization-impeded zones focuses on restoring the stable permeability of the permeable layer. It is usually first determined whether the pressure difference of the permeable layer is too high. If the pressure difference is too high, segmented pressurization, short-term pulse air supply, or clearing of the permeable layer should be prioritized; directly and continuously increasing the air supply flow rate is not advisable. Air supply regulation for dead material risk zones focuses on improving the unloading capacity of the surrounding area, requiring an increase in the air supply participation ratio of the corresponding air supply zone. Air supply regulation for collapse impact zones focuses on weakening impact transmission, usually requiring a temporary reduction in air supply flow rate or maintaining the air supply status unchanged to prevent sudden material flows from being pushed downstream by excessively strong airflow.

[0096] The air supply adjustment sequence includes at least the target air supply zone number, air supply pressure setpoint, air supply flow rate setpoint, air supply valve opening, air supply adjustment direction, and air supply adjustment order. The air supply pressure setpoint determines the pressure level when compressed air enters the air supply zone; the air supply flow rate setpoint determines the amount of air entering the air supply zone per unit time; the air supply valve opening controls the actual degree of opening of the air supply channel; the air supply adjustment direction indicates whether the current air supply status needs to be increased, decreased, or maintained; and the air supply adjustment order determines the order of adjustment between G1 and G4. For air supply zones near the chute inlet where material flow interruptions have already occurred, the inlet zone's air supply status should be addressed first, followed by a assessment of whether the middle and outlet zones require subsequent adjustments.

[0097] When generating the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence, the direction of angle adjustment is determined based on the flow velocity changes, material layer thickness, inlet material flow fluctuations, and outlet material flow status of the chute conveying unit. The chute conveying angle refers to the degree of inclination of the aerated chute relative to the horizontal plane. When the angle is small, the gravitational component of cement moving downstream after fluidization is insufficient, making it prone to accumulation; when the angle is large, the cement flow velocity increases, easily causing impact and downstream conveying fluctuations. If the flow velocity of a certain chute conveying unit continuously decreases, the material layer thickness increases, and the downstream conveying feedback is stable, the chute conveying angle can be appropriately increased to improve conveying capacity. If the flow velocity of a certain chute conveying unit suddenly increases and the outlet material flow fluctuates significantly, the chute conveying angle should be reduced or the angle increment limited to prevent the impact from continuing to propagate downstream.

[0098] The chute conveyor angle adjustment sequence includes at least the target chute conveyor unit number, the target chute conveyor angle, the angle adjustment direction, the angle change step size, and the adjustment execution order. The target chute conveyor unit number is used to identify the fluidized conveying section of the chute that needs adjustment in S1 to S12; the target chute conveyor angle is used to determine the tilt state after adjustment; the angle adjustment direction indicates increasing, decreasing, or maintaining the tilt; the angle change step size limits the amplitude of a single angle change to prevent sudden changes in the chute conveyor state; and the adjustment execution order determines the order of angle adjustments for the inlet, middle, and outlet zones. Generally, when there is insufficient material flow in the inlet zone, the angle of the front section should be adjusted first; when there is material flow impact in the outlet zone, the angle of the end section should be controlled first to avoid directly amplifying the impact.

[0099] After generating the gas supply adjustment sequence and the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence, it is necessary to determine whether they match. If the gas supply adjustment sequence increases the gas flow rate of a certain gas supply zone, but the corresponding chute conveying angle is still too small, the fluidized cement may accumulate in that section. If the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence increases the conveying capacity, but the corresponding gas supply zone still has insufficient gas supply, the cement cannot form a stable fluidized layer, and the angle adjustment effect is limited. Therefore, gas supply adjustment and chute conveying angle adjustment need to be judged simultaneously in conjunction with the flow field reconstruction diagram. For the inlet, middle, and outlet zones within the same gas supply zone, it is also necessary to observe the continuity between nodes to avoid insufficient carrying capacity in the middle zone after enhanced fluidization in the inlet zone.

[0100] For example, areas A2, B3, I1, I6, and E3 corresponding to the G2 air supply zone may experience material stagnation. Specifically, the material flow rate is low in the S2 inlet area, low in the S6 middle section, and remains stable in the S10 outlet area. In this case, the opening of the G2 air supply valve can be increased slightly, and the air supply flow rate can be increased appropriately. Simultaneously, the chute conveying angle in the S2 to S6 section can be appropriately increased to allow the loosened material to enter continuous conveying. If material flow fluctuations subsequently occur in the S10 outlet area, the end angle should be maintained or reduced to prevent a concentrated influx of new material impacting the outlet.

[0101] When generating a flow field reconstruction priority queue, multiple flow instability regions need to be sorted according to their urgency. The flow instability region type is used to determine the nature of the anomaly; the region instability level indicates the anomaly's range and intensity; the degree of aeration pressure difference anomaly is used to determine if the air supply channel is blocked; the degree of discharge flow rate reduction is used to determine the degree of insufficient material entering the chute; the degree of chute inlet discharge flow rate fluctuation is used to determine if there is intermittent or impact feeding in the inlet area; and the downstream conveying feedback status is used to determine if the anomaly has been transmitted to the downstream conveying equipment. If the aeration pressure difference anomaly is high and the downstream conveying feedback status has fluctuated, then this region has a higher priority; if it only poses a minor risk of dead material and has not yet affected chute conveying, it can be handled after impact anomalies and fluidization obstruction anomalies.

[0102] The formation of the flow field reconstruction priority queue needs to avoid new instability caused by simultaneous large-scale adjustments to different gas supply zones. If both G2 and G3 experience fluidization obstruction, but G3 has already caused downstream conveying feedback fluctuations while G2 has not yet affected the outlet conveying, then G3 should be treated first. If G1 and G4 correspond to anomalies on the inlet and outlet sides respectively, and material flow impact has already occurred on the outlet side, then the conveying angle and gas supply flow rate of the chute corresponding to G4 should be limited first, and then gas replenishment should be performed on G1. This can reduce flow field disturbances caused by simultaneous adjustments to multiple gas supply zones.

[0103] When generating flow field reconstruction instructions based on the flow field reconstruction priority queue, the air supply adjustment sequence and the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence are converted into executable control content. The flow field reconstruction instructions at least include the target air supply zone number, target air supply pressure, target air supply flow rate, target air supply valve opening, air supply adjustment direction, target chute conveying unit number, target chute conveying angle, angle adjustment direction, angle change step size, and adjustment execution sequence. For fluidization-impeded areas, the flow field reconstruction instructions focus on restoring the stable permeability of the permeable layer; for areas with dead material risk, the focus is on increasing the participation ratio of the corresponding air supply zone and improving local conveying capacity; for areas with material collapse impact, the focus is on suppressing material flow impact diffusion and reducing downstream conveying fluctuations.

[0104] After the flow field reconstruction command is generated, the adjusted air supply status, permeable layer pressure difference status, chute conveying status, and downstream conveying feedback status need to be rewritten back to the bottom flow regime observation map. The rewritten data is used to determine whether the flow field reconstruction is effective. If the permeable layer pressure difference decreases, the local flow velocity recovers, and the outlet material flow tends to stabilize after the air supply adjustment, it indicates that the flow field reconstruction command is effective. If the permeable layer pressure difference continues to increase after the air supply adjustment, it indicates that there may be permeable layer blockage or backflow, and it is necessary to switch to the control logic of cleaning or reducing the air supply intensity. In this way, the flow field reconstruction command and the bottom flow regime observation map form a continuous feedback relationship, so that the flow field adjustment is no longer limited to a one-time air supply adjustment, but can be dynamically corrected during the unloading process.

[0105] In one possible implementation, when reading the multi-layer discharge port control parameters, the status of the upper, middle, and lower discharge ports currently participating in unloading in each ring-side area is first extracted according to the target multi-layer discharge port number recorded in the structural control instruction. The multi-layer discharge port control parameters include at least the target discharge port level, the target discharge port opening value, the target discharge port opening sequence, the target discharge port continuous opening time, and the corresponding discharge flow rate status. The target discharge port level is used to distinguish whether the current discharge port is the upper, middle, or lower layer discharge port; the target discharge port opening value is used to describe the actual opening degree of the corresponding discharge channel; the target discharge port opening sequence is used to determine the order of unloading between different ring-side areas or different levels; and the corresponding discharge flow rate status is used to reflect the degree of participation of the current discharge port in the overall unloading path.

[0106] The reading process of the arch-breaking execution parameters is synchronized with the control parameters of the multi-layer discharge port. The arch-breaking execution parameters include at least the target arch-breaking execution position, the target arch-breaking execution direction, the target arch-breaking execution frequency, and the target arch-breaking execution duration. The target arch-breaking execution position determines which circumferential region or radial path the arch-breaking action acts on; the target arch-breaking execution direction determines whether the arch-breaking action expands circumferentially or advances radially; the target arch-breaking execution frequency limits the interval between arch-breaking actions to avoid continuous strong arch-breaking causing material collapse impact; and the target arch-breaking execution duration limits the duration of a single arch-breaking action. During reading, it is necessary to simultaneously extract the arch-breaking response values ​​of the corresponding regions within the most recent multiple unloading control cycles to determine the recovery capability of that region to the arch-breaking action.

[0107] When reading the air supply control parameters, the target air supply pressure, target air supply flow rate, target air supply valve opening, and air supply adjustment direction are extracted according to the G1 to G4 air supply zones in the flow field reconstruction command. The target air supply pressure is used to determine the air pressure state when compressed air enters the corresponding air supply zone; the target air supply flow rate is used to determine the amount of air entering the corresponding air supply zone per unit time; the target air supply valve opening is used to control the degree of opening of the air supply channel; and the air supply adjustment direction is used to indicate whether the current air supply state needs to be increased, decreased, or maintained. During the reading process, the permeable layer pressure difference state, local flow velocity state, and chute inlet material flow state of the corresponding air supply zone need to be extracted simultaneously to determine whether the air supply adjustment can form a stable match with the current unloading state.

[0108] The process of reading the chute conveying angle parameters mainly revolves around the S1 to S12 chute conveying units. The chute conveying angle parameters include at least the target chute conveying angle, angle adjustment direction, angle change step size, and the corresponding chute conveying unit number. The target chute conveying angle is used to determine the inclination state of the current chute section; the angle adjustment direction indicates whether the current section needs to increase, decrease, or maintain its inclination angle; the angle change step size limits the magnitude of a single angle adjustment to prevent sudden acceleration or deceleration of the material flow. During reading, the local flow velocity, material layer thickness, and outlet material flow status of the corresponding chute conveying unit are also extracted simultaneously for subsequent determination of whether there is a conflict between angle adjustment and air supply status.

[0109] When establishing the mapping relationship between control objects, the bottom unloading unit, air supply zone, and chute conveying unit are uniformly mapped to the same control path. The so-called control object mapping relationship refers to establishing a one-to-one correspondence between structural control objects and flow field control objects on the same unloading path. For example, A3, F3, and I6 correspond to the G1 air supply zone, and further correspond to the S1, S5, and S9 chute conveying units; A2, B3, I1, I6, and E3 correspond to the G2 air supply zone, and further correspond to the S2, S6, and S10 chute conveying units. Through this mapping relationship, changes in the opening degree of multiple discharge ports, changes in arch-breaking actions, changes in air supply status, and changes in chute conveying angle can be unified into the same material conveying path.

[0110] The mapping relationship of the control objects not only describes the spatial correspondence but also the interaction between material pressure release and fluidization reception. If a bottom unloading unit increases the opening of the lower discharge port, the corresponding air supply zone must be able to receive the increased material flow; if a gas supply zone increases the air supply flow rate, the corresponding chute conveying unit must have sufficient conveying capacity; if a chute conveying unit decreases the conveying angle, the material release velocity in the corresponding discharge path needs to be reduced synchronously. Therefore, the mapping relationship of the control objects actually forms a linkage constraint relationship between structural control and flow field reconstruction.

[0111] For example, areas B2 and C3 correspond to the G3 air supply zone and the S3, S7, and S11 inclined conveyor units. If the structural control command requires increasing the opening of the middle layer discharge port corresponding to B2 and increasing the frequency of arch breaking, then the G3 air supply zone must simultaneously increase the air supply flow rate and determine whether the middle section of S7 has continuous conveying capacity. If the local flow velocity in S7 is already too high, then even if the G3 air supply status allows for increased air supply, it is not advisable to continue increasing the discharge intensity of B2, otherwise it is easy to form local impact conveying.

[0112] Reference Figure 6The unloading coordination verification diagram is a structure built upon the mapping relationship of the controlled objects. This diagram simultaneously includes the operational relationships between the structural control side and the flow field reconstruction side. The inputs include the identification results of the flow instability region, structural control commands, flow field reconstruction commands, real-time operational monitoring data, and historical operational baseline data. The middle part is the coordination verification index system, and the outputs are the coordination state determination results and the target unloading control scheme. The core function of this diagram is to establish a unified evaluation standard between structural control and flow field reconstruction, avoiding the situation where a single control path is effective but the overall unloading state is unbalanced.

[0113] The structural control coordination indicators in the unloading coordination verification diagram mainly include discharge flow matching degree, material pressure release balance degree, multi-layer discharge port participation degree, and arch-breaking response effectiveness. Discharge flow matching degree is used to determine whether the unloading ratio is balanced between different annular regions; material pressure release balance degree is used to determine whether there is excessive concentrated unloading between the pressure-reducing cone center area and the annular regions; multi-layer discharge port participation degree is used to determine whether the upper, middle, and lower discharge ports form coordinated unloading; and arch-breaking response effectiveness is used to determine whether the corresponding area returns to normal unloading status after the arch-breaking action.

[0114] The flow field reconstruction coordination indicators in the unloading coordination verification diagram mainly include air supply matching degree, permeable layer pressure difference rationality, chute conveying stability, and angle adjustment rationality. Air supply matching degree is used to determine whether the air supply flow rate matches the current material flow state; permeable layer pressure difference rationality is used to determine whether there is blockage or localized cavitation in the permeable layer; chute conveying stability is used to determine whether there is intermittent conveying or localized impact within the chute; and angle adjustment rationality is used to determine whether the current chute conveying angle is suitable for the current flow velocity state.

[0115] The structure-flow field coupling index in the unloading coordination verification diagram is used to describe whether a stable coordination is formed between structure control and flow field reconstruction. This part of the index mainly includes the matching degree of discharge and air supply, inlet fluidization capacity, conveying load matching degree, and energy consumption coordination rationality. The matching degree of discharge and air supply is used to determine whether newly added discharge is effectively received by the corresponding air supply zone; the inlet fluidization capacity is used to determine whether the chute inlet area can stably receive material flow from multiple discharge outlets; the conveying load matching degree is used to determine whether the load between each air supply zone and the chute conveying unit is balanced; and the energy consumption coordination rationality is used to determine whether there are unnecessary high energy consumption states in the air supply intensity and chute conveying angle.

[0116] The overall unloading coordination index is mainly used to evaluate the comprehensive operational status of the entire cement silo bottom area, including the unloading balance of each area, downstream conveying stability, unloading efficiency improvement, and instability risk reduction. The unloading balance of each area is used to determine whether long-term low-flow areas still exist; downstream conveying stability is used to determine whether the impact of material collapse or fluidization anomalies has been transmitted to downstream equipment; the unloading efficiency improvement is used to compare the change in unloading efficiency between the current control combination and historical baseline conditions; and the instability risk reduction is used to evaluate the effect of the current control combination on suppressing potential compaction, fluidization obstruction, and dead material risks.

[0117] When generating collaborative control evaluation parameters based on the unloading collaborative verification relationship diagram, various collaborative indicators are first calculated based on real-time operation monitoring data, and then compared with historical operation benchmark data. Historical operation benchmark data refers to reference operation data formed under stable unloading conditions, including the normal air supply pressure range, the normal permeable layer pressure difference range, the normal inclined chute conveying velocity range, and the normal discharge flow rate distribution range. If the current indicators deviate from the historical operation benchmark data, it indicates that there is a collaborative deviation between the current structural control and flow field reconstruction.

[0118] The evaluation parameters for coordinated control include at least the coordinated deviation, coordinated stability, local mismatch, and overall coordination. The coordinated deviation reflects the degree of deviation between the current control state and the historical stable state; the coordinated stability reflects whether the index changes smoothly over multiple consecutive unloading control cycles; the local mismatch reflects whether there is a separate anomaly in a certain gas supply zone or a certain ring-side region; and the overall coordination evaluates whether structural control and flow field reconstruction jointly improve the overall unloading state.

[0119] For example, the current structural control command increases the opening of the lower discharge ports corresponding to B3 and C3, while the flow field reconstruction command increases the air supply flow rate of G3. If the local flow velocity in sections S7 and S11 returns to normal, the pressure difference in the permeable layer decreases, and the downstream conveying feedback stabilizes, then the coordination deviation decreases and the coordination stability improves. If the air supply flow rate has increased but there is still material accumulation in section S7, it indicates that there is still a mismatch between the air supply status and the chute conveying angle, and the degree of local mismatch increases.

[0120] When conducting collaborative scoring based on collaborative control evaluation parameters, collaborative scores are calculated separately for different structural control combinations and flow field reconstruction combinations. The collaborative score considers at least the material pressure release equilibrium, the matching degree between material discharge and air supply, the rationality of the permeable layer pressure difference, the stability of the chute conveying, and the stability of downstream conveying. If a control combination can restore the chute velocity while reducing the permeable layer pressure difference and make the material discharge ratio in each annular region tend to be balanced, its collaborative score will increase; if a control combination increases the unloading speed but causes fluctuations in downstream conveying feedback, its collaborative score will decrease.

[0121] When selecting the control combination with the highest synergy score as the target unloading control scheme, not only the current unloading efficiency is compared, but also its long-term stability. If two control combinations are similar in unloading efficiency, but one combination has smaller air supply fluctuations, lower arch breaking frequency, and more stable energy consumption, then that combination is selected first. The final target unloading control scheme includes at least the target multi-layer outlet control parameters, the target arch breaking execution parameters, the target air supply control parameters, the target inclined chute conveying angle parameters, and the corresponding control execution sequence.

[0122] In one specific embodiment, there is a risk of material stagnation in region G2 and fluidization obstruction in region G3. The first control combination involves increasing the opening of the lower discharge ports corresponding to B3 and E3, while simultaneously increasing the air supply flow rates of G2 and G3. The second control combination involves opening the middle discharge port of B3 and the lower discharge port of E3 in stages, and adjusting the air supply flow rates of G2 and G3, as well as the conveying angles of the S6 and S7 chute. After collaborative evaluation, it was found that although the unloading speed of the second control combination was slightly lower, the pressure difference in the permeable layer was more stable, and the downstream conveying feedback fluctuations were smaller. Therefore, the second control combination was selected as the target unloading control scheme.

[0123] In one possible implementation, during flow matching verification, the target multi-layer discharge port opening change status corresponding to the discharge port adjustment sequence is first read based on the control object mapping relationship in the unloading coordination verification relationship diagram. Simultaneously, the target air supply pressure, target air supply flow rate, and target air supply valve opening are read corresponding to the air supply adjustment sequence. The discharge port adjustment sequence reflects the increase or decrease in cement release per unit time in the silo bottom area, while the air supply adjustment sequence reflects the fluidization receiving capacity that the corresponding air supply zone can form. The core of flow matching verification is to determine whether the increased discharge can be stably received by the corresponding air supply zone, avoiding mismatches such as increased discharge with insufficient fluidization or excessive air supply with insufficient material.

[0124] During the flow matching verification process, a correspondence is first established based on the conveying and receiving relationship between the bottom unloading units of the ring-side silo and the air supply zones. For example, A3, F3, and I6 correspond to the G1 air supply zone, while B2, C3, I2, I3, and D3 correspond to the G3 air supply zone. When multiple bottom unloading units corresponding to a certain air supply zone simultaneously increase the outlet opening, the corresponding discharge flow rate increment needs to be calculated cumulatively. Then, combined with the current air supply flow rate change status, it is determined whether the air supply zone has a stable fluidization capacity. If the discharge flow rate increment is significantly higher than the air supply flow rate increase capacity, it indicates that the current air supply zone may not be able to form a continuous fluidized layer, which may easily lead to accumulation in the inlet area or local collapse.

[0125] Flow matching verification compares not only the total flow rate but also the rate of flow rate change. If multiple annular zones simultaneously open their lower-level outlets, even if the total air supply flow rate meets the requirements, the concentrated entry of material into the inlet zone within a short period may still cause localized impacts. Therefore, it is also necessary to dynamically assess the inlet material flow fluctuations at nodes S1 to S4 in the chute inlet zone. If the flow velocity in the inlet zone changes too rapidly, even if the total air supply flow rate meets the requirements, it will still be considered a localized flow mismatch.

[0126] For example, if the openings of the lower-level discharge ports B3 and C3 are simultaneously increased, while the air supply flow rate in the G3 air supply zone is only slightly increased, and the local flow velocity in the S3 inlet area rises rapidly while the flow velocity in the S7 middle section recovers slowly, this indicates that the new material flow has exceeded the current capacity of the G3 air supply zone, and the flow matching verification result is determined to be a mismatch. It is necessary to reduce the opening of some discharge ports or further increase the air supply flow rate in G3.

[0127] When performing fluidization coupling verification, the focus is on the coupling relationship between the arch-breaking execution path and the air supply adjustment sequence. The arch-breaking execution path is used to change the local compaction structure and material pressure release state, while the air supply adjustment sequence is used to maintain the fluidization conveying state of the corresponding area. If the air supply state cannot form fluidization support in time after the arch-breaking action, although the locally compacted material layer is loosened, the released cement will quickly accumulate in the inlet area of ​​the chute; if the air supply state is enhanced in advance before the arch-breaking action has started, local air blowing or air leakage is likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether a synchronous coupling is formed between the arch-breaking action rhythm and the air supply enhancement rhythm.

[0128] During fluidization coupling verification, the corresponding air supply zone and chute inlet zone are first located based on the bottom unloading unit corresponding to the arch-breaking execution path. Then, the sequential relationships between the start time of arch-breaking execution, the duration of arch-breaking execution, the time of air supply pressure increase, and the time of air supply flow rate change are compared. If the air supply enhancement time is significantly later than the arch-breaking action time, it indicates that the cement cannot fluidize in time after arch-breaking release; if the air supply enhancement time is significantly earlier than the arch-breaking action time, it indicates that compressed air has entered the permeable layer prematurely, but the corresponding area is still in a compacted state, easily leading to localized airflow leakage.

[0129] Fluidization coupling verification also requires combining the changes in the permeable layer pressure difference and the arch-breaking response. If the material pressure drops significantly after the arch-breaking action, while the permeable layer pressure difference gradually returns to normal and the local flow velocity steadily increases, it indicates that the arch-breaking action and the air supply regulation have formed a stable coupling. If the permeable layer pressure difference rises rapidly after the arch-breaking action, it indicates that a large amount of loosened cement has entered the local conveying area, while the air supply capacity has not increased synchronously.

[0130] For example, region E2 has a potential compaction state. The structural control command requires radial arch breaking along the E2 to I5 direction, and the flow field reconstruction command requires increasing the G4 air supply flow rate. If the G4 air supply enhancement is immediately and synchronously increased after the arch breaking action is initiated, and the local flow velocities in regions S8 and S12 gradually recover, it indicates that the fluidization coupling state is normal. If the arch breaking action has been completed but the G4 air supply remains unchanged, the cement released in region E2 will form a local accumulation in the S8 inlet area, and the fluidization coupling verification result will be deemed unqualified.

[0131] When performing conveying and receiving verification, the focus is on the matching relationship between the chute conveying angle and the opening sequence of the discharge port. The chute conveying angle determines the gravitational component of cement moving along the chute direction after fluidization, while the opening sequence of the discharge port determines the time and location of new material entering the chute. If the discharge port opening sequence is too fast, and the chute conveying angle has not yet been adjusted to the corresponding conveying capacity, the new material will accumulate in the inlet area; if the chute conveying angle is increased prematurely, but the discharge port opening speed is slow, the local flow velocity inside the chute will be too high, which can easily cause subsequent material to impact the flow.

[0132] During the conveying capacity verification process, the opening time sequence of each ring-side area is first determined based on the outlet adjustment sequence, and then the angle change sequence of the corresponding S1 to S12 sections is determined based on the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence. Subsequently, the correspondence between the time of the new material flow entering and the corresponding chute conveying capacity change time is compared. If the time of the new material flow entering is earlier than the recovery time of the corresponding chute section's conveying capacity, it is determined to be insufficient conveying capacity; if the chute conveying capacity recovery time is significantly earlier than the time of the new material flow entering, it is determined to be a state of idle conveying capacity.

[0133] Conveying acceptance verification also requires combining the changes in local flow velocity and material layer thickness for judgment. If the local flow velocity does not increase synchronously after the outlet is opened, but the material layer thickness continues to increase, it indicates that the chute conveying angle is insufficient; if the local flow velocity increases rapidly and is accompanied by fluctuations in the outlet material flow, it indicates that the chute conveying angle is increased too quickly.

[0134] For example, A2 and B3, corresponding to the middle layer discharge ports, are opened sequentially. The structural control command requires A2 to be opened before B3, but the chute conveying angles corresponding to S2 and S6 in the flow field reconstruction command have not yet been increased. At this time, after the new material flow enters S2, the local flow velocity increases slowly and the material layer thickness increases, indicating that the chute conveying capacity has not been established in time, and the conveying connection verification result is judged as mismatched. Subsequently, it is necessary to increase the chute conveying angles corresponding to S2 and S6 before executing the opening action of the discharge port corresponding to B3.

[0135] When performing regional conflict verification, the key is to determine whether structural control commands and flow field reconstruction commands create contradictory control behaviors in the same region. Regional conflicts are not merely conflicts in parameter magnitude, but more importantly, conflicts in control direction. For example, if a structural control command requires increasing the outlet opening in a certain region, while a flow field reconstruction command simultaneously reduces the air supply flow rate in the corresponding air supply zone, a conflict will arise where the newly added material flow cannot be fluidized. Similarly, if a structural control command requires increasing the frequency of arch breaking, while a flow field reconstruction command simultaneously reduces the corresponding chute conveying angle, loosened cement will rapidly accumulate in the inlet area.

[0136] During regional conflict verification, the area where structural control and flow field reconstruction work together is first located based on the mapping relationship of the controlled objects. Then, it is compared whether there are contradictions between the direction of change of the target discharge port opening, the direction of arch breaking, the direction of air supply adjustment, and the direction of change of the chute conveying angle. If the structural control side enhances the release of material flow, while the flow field reconstruction side weakens the conveying capacity, it is determined to be a structural-flow field conflict; if the structural control side restricts the release of material flow, while the flow field reconstruction side continues to increase the air supply intensity, it is determined to be an air supply idling conflict.

[0137] Regional conflict verification also needs to consider the scope of conflict impact. If the conflict exists only in the local inlet area and has not spread to the middle and outlet areas, it can be locally corrected by fine-tuning the gas supply parameters or adjusting the opening sequence of the discharge port. If the conflict has caused downstream conveying feedback fluctuations, it indicates that there has been a full-path mismatch between structural control and flow field reconstruction, and the control combination needs to be regenerated.

[0138] For example, there is a risk of material collapse impact in region C3. The structural control command requires reducing the opening of the lower discharge port corresponding to C3 and reducing the frequency of arch breaking. However, the flow field reconstruction command simultaneously increases the air supply flow rate of G3 and increases the chute conveying angle corresponding to S7. At this time, although the structural control has begun to suppress material flow release, the flow field side is still increasing the conveying capacity, which can easily induce subsequent local air blowing and material flow instability. Therefore, the regional conflict verification result is determined to be a conflict state, and it is necessary to simultaneously reduce the air supply intensity of G3 and restore the angle corresponding to S7 to the stable range.

[0139] Furthermore, when implementing bottom unloading control based on the target unloading control scheme, the multi-layer discharge ports, arch-breaking execution positions, air supply zones, and chute conveying angles are synchronously preloaded according to the control execution sequence in the target unloading control scheme. The purpose of synchronous preloading is to avoid time misalignment between structural control and flow field reconstruction. If the discharge ports are opened first before the air supply is established, the new material flow will form local accumulation in the chute inlet area; if the air supply flow rate is increased first before the discharge ports are opened, it is easy to form an air-blowing state in the permeable layer. Therefore, before formal unloading, the target air supply pressure, target air supply flow rate, and target chute conveying angle are adjusted to the ready-to-execute state, and the corresponding air supply zones are kept in a low-amplitude stable air supply state.

[0140] After synchronous preloading is completed, the multiple discharge ports in the corresponding annular areas are opened sequentially according to the discharge port adjustment sequence in the target unloading control scheme. The discharge port opening process adopts a phased and gradual adjustment method, rather than opening all at once. For the lower discharge port near the center of the pressure reducing cone, a small opening pre-release method is used first to allow the local material pressure to be released slowly; for the middle and upper discharge ports, they gradually participate in unloading according to the material pressure recovery state of the corresponding annular areas. This can avoid the formation of an instantaneous low-resistance channel in the center of the pressure reducing cone, and can also avoid the formation of new dead material risk areas in the annular areas due to prolonged non-participation in unloading.

[0141] During the opening of the multi-layer discharge ports, the changes in material pressure and discharge flow rate in the corresponding ring-shaped area, as well as the circumferential feeding status of adjacent areas, are monitored simultaneously. If the material pressure change drops rapidly and the material pressure in adjacent areas falls synchronously after the discharge port in a certain ring-shaped area is opened, it indicates that the area has returned to normal unloading. If the material pressure change remains high after the discharge port in a certain ring-shaped area is opened, and the discharge flow rate change does not increase significantly, it indicates that the local compaction state has not been relieved and the stage of arch breaking and coordinated release needs to be entered.

[0142] After the multi-layer discharge port enters a stable unloading state, the arch-breaking action is initiated according to the target arch-breaking execution path. The arch-breaking action proceeds gradually along the target arch-breaking execution path, rather than simultaneously and continuously breaking multiple areas simultaneously. For radial arch-breaking paths, it starts from the area near the circumferential side and then moves towards the center of the pressure-reducing cone; for circumferential arch-breaking paths, it proceeds intermittently along the direction of the annular discharge area. During the arch-breaking process, the arch-breaking response, material pressure change, and discharge recovery status of the corresponding area are monitored in real time. If the discharge flow rate of the corresponding area returns to normal after the arch-breaking action, the frequency of subsequent arch-breaking is reduced; if a high material pressure state still exists in the corresponding area after the arch-breaking action, the duration of the corresponding arch-breaking execution is extended or the range of arch-breaking action is expanded.

[0143] After the arch-breaking action is initiated, the air supply status is adjusted simultaneously. The air supply status is adjusted sequentially to control air supply zones G1 through G4 according to the air supply adjustment sequence. For air supply zones that receive new material flow, the air supply pressure and flow rate are gradually increased to form a stable fluidized layer above the permeable layer. For air supply zones with the risk of material collapse impact, the air supply growth rate is limited to prevent a large amount of loose material from being rapidly pushed to the inclined chute outlet by the high-speed airflow. During the air supply process, the changes in the permeable layer pressure difference, local flow velocity, and material layer thickness are continuously monitored.

[0144] When the pressure differential of the permeable layer continues to rise, it indicates that there may be blockage, compaction, or local backflow in the corresponding air supply zone. In this case, temporarily halt further increases in air supply flow and prioritize pulsed air supply or short-term pressure reduction to restore the permeable layer to a stable permeable state. Once the pressure differential gradually returns to normal and the local flow velocity increases, resume the normal air supply rhythm. If the pressure differential decreases but the local flow velocity remains low, it indicates that the current problem is not entirely due to the air supply condition, but may be related to the chute conveying angle or local compaction.

[0145] After the gas supply gradually stabilizes, the angles of the chute conveying sections S1 to S12 are adjusted according to the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence. The chute conveying units near the inlet area prioritize establishing basic conveying capacity, ensuring that new material flow can leave the chute inlet area promptly. The middle section is mainly used to maintain continuous conveying stability, while the outlet section focuses on suppressing material flow impact and outlet fluctuations. The chute conveying angle adjustment adopts a gradual change method, and the local flow velocity change and outlet material flow status are re-read after each angle change.

[0146] If the material layer thickness in the inlet zone continues to increase and the local flow velocity recovers slowly, the conveying angle of the corresponding section of the chute is gradually increased. If the local flow velocity in the outlet zone is too high and accompanied by downstream conveying feedback fluctuations, the conveying angle of the end chute is reduced, and the air supply flow rate of the corresponding air supply zone is limited. This allows the chute to form a gradually stable fluidized conveying state from the inlet zone to the outlet zone, rather than forming a local high-speed impact conveying.

[0147] During the bottom unloading control process, the system collects real-time data on bottom material pressure, discharge flow rate, arch breaking response, permeable layer pressure difference, air supply, local flow velocity, material layer thickness, and downstream conveying feedback, and updates the bottom flow pattern observation map accordingly. The updated bottom flow pattern observation map is used to continuously determine whether the current target unloading control scheme is still applicable to the current unloading state.

[0148] If a certain ring-side region experiences a sustained increase in material pressure, a decrease in discharge flow rate, or abnormal pressure difference in the permeable layer, it indicates that the current target unloading control scheme can no longer maintain stable unloading and needs to re-enter the flow instability region identification stage. If the material pressure changes in each ring-side region tend to be balanced, the discharge flow rate remains stable, the pressure difference in the permeable layer remains within the normal range, the local flow velocity is continuously stable, and the downstream conveying feedback is stable, it indicates that the current target unloading control scheme is matching the current unloading state.

[0149] This embodiment also discloses an adaptive flow unloading control device for the bottom of a cement silo, referring to... Figure 7 The device includes an acquisition module 701, a processing module 702, and an output module 703. It is used to execute any of the above-described adaptive flow unloading control methods for cement silo bottoms, wherein: The acquisition module 701 is used to acquire the unloading operation data set during the unloading process at the bottom of the cement silo; Processing module 702 is used to construct a bottom flow pattern observation map containing the correlation between bottom unloading units based on the unloading operation data set; Processing module 702 is used to identify potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas and collapse impact areas based on the flow regime observation map at the bottom of the silo, and to form the flow regime instability area identification results; The processing module 702 is used to generate, based on the flow instability region identification results, structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch breaking execution path, and flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. Processing module 702 is used to perform collaborative verification of structural control commands and flow field reconstruction commands to generate a target unloading control scheme; Output module 703 is used to execute bottom unloading control based on the target unloading control scheme.

[0150] It should be noted that the above embodiments of the apparatus are only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0151] This embodiment also discloses an electronic device, as shown in the reference. Figure 8 The electronic device may include: at least one processor 801, at least one communication bus 802, user interface 803, network interface 804, and at least one memory 805.

[0152] The communication bus 802 is used to enable communication between these components.

[0153] The user interface 803 may include a display screen and a camera. Optionally, the user interface 803 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0154] The network interface 804 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface).

[0155] The processor 801 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 801 connects to various parts of the server using various interfaces and lines, and performs various server functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 805, and by calling data stored in the memory 805. Optionally, the processor 801 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 801 may integrate one or a combination of several of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required for display; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also not be integrated into the processor 801 and may be implemented as a separate chip.

[0156] The memory 805 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 805 may be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 805 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory 805 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 801. As a computer storage medium, the memory 805 may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface 803 module, and an application program for an adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottoms.

[0157] exist Figure 8In the electronic device shown, the user interface 803 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and to obtain the user input data; while the processor 801 can be used to call the application program of an adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottom stored in the memory 805. When executed by one or more processors 801, the electronic device executes one or more methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0158] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0159] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0160] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some service interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0161] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0162] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0163] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory 805 and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned memory 805 includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0164] The present invention also discloses a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions. When executed by one or more processors 801, these instructions cause an electronic device to perform one or more methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0165] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of this disclosure upon considering the specification and the disclosure of practical truths. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for adaptive flow-state unloading control at the bottom of a cement silo, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the set of unloading operation data during the cement silo bottom unloading process; Based on the unloading operation data set, a bottom flow pattern observation map containing the correlation of bottom unloading units is constructed; Based on the fluidity observation map at the bottom of the reservoir, potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas are identified to form the identification results of fluid instability areas. Based on the identification results of the flow instability region, structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch breaking execution path are generated, as well as flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. The structural control command and the flow field reconstruction command are jointly verified to generate a target unloading control scheme; Based on the target unloading control scheme, bottom unloading control is executed.

2. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the silo bottom flow pattern observation map, which includes the correlation between the silo bottom unloading units, based on the unloading operation data set, specifically includes: The unloading operation data set is time-aligned and anomaly data is processed to form continuous unloading time sequence data; Based on the actual unloading structure at the bottom of the cement silo, the bottom area is divided into multiple bottom unloading units, and the unloading connection between the circumferential bottom unloading units and the inclined conveyor units is established. Establish a mapping relationship between the bottom unloading unit and the on-site detection location so that the same detection data can be attributed to the affected bottom unloading unit; Based on the mapping relationship, node attributes are generated for each of the bottom unloading units. Circumferential, radial, conveying, and interlayer association edges between the bottom unloading units are established based on the bottom structure connection relationship and material flow path. Each edge relationship is configured with edge attributes, including spatial adjacency identifier, material flow direction, structural connectivity strength, material pressure transmission strength, and fluidization bearing strength. The node set, edge set, node attribute set, and edge attribute set are combined to form an initial reservoir bottom flow state observation map; The initial reservoir bottom flow pattern observation map is subjected to state enhancement processing to form a reservoir bottom flow pattern observation map that includes short-term flow pattern trends, adjacent flow pattern deviations, and arch breaking effectiveness.

3. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of identifying potential compaction zones, fluidization-impaired zones, dead material risk zones, and collapse impact zones based on the bottom flow regime observation map, and forming a flow regime instability zone identification result, specifically includes: When identifying the flow instability region based on the flow state observation map at the bottom of the reservoir, the node attributes and edge attributes of each unloading unit at the bottom of the reservoir are read from the flow state observation map at the bottom of the reservoir. Trend tracking of node attributes of the same bottom unloading unit is performed according to multiple consecutive unloading control cycles to form unit flow evolution data; Based on the unit flow evolution data, multiple types of instability regions are determined, wherein: By combining the unit flow evolution data and the material pressure transmission state of the radially associated edge, potential compaction areas are identified; by combining the unit flow evolution data and the fluidization acceptance state of the conveying receiving edge, fluidization obstruction areas are identified; by combining the unit flow evolution data and the layered unloading state of the circumferential and interlayer associated edges, dead material risk areas are identified; and by combining the unit flow evolution data and the impact transmission state of the conveying receiving edge, collapse impact areas are identified. The multiple types of instability regions are spatially merged. If the structural connectivity, material pressure transmission, or fluidization bearing capacity of adjacent multiple types of instability regions belonging to the same instability type meet the merging conditions, they are merged into the same flow-state instability region. For each of the aforementioned flow instability regions, the instability level is calculated, and the flow instability region identification result is further generated.

4. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the identification results of the flow instability region, structural control commands are generated for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch-breaking execution path, and flow field reconstruction commands are generated for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. Specifically, these include: Read the structural association data corresponding to the flow instability region. The structural association data includes the structural linkage relationship between the multi-layer discharge port, the arch breaking execution position, the annular discharge zone, and the connection state of the pressure reducing cone. A structural unloading relationship diagram is constructed based on the aforementioned structural association data; Based on the aforementioned structural unloading relationship diagram, a discharge port adjustment sequence is sequentially generated to adjust the unloading ratio of the annular bottom unloading unit and the central area of ​​the pressure reducing cone, as well as an arch-breaking execution path corresponding to the aforementioned flow instability region; Based on the type of flow instability region, the level of regional instability, the distance to the center of the pressure relief cone, the distance to the inlet of the air-filled chute, and the downstream transport feedback status, a priority queue for structural control is generated. Based on the structure control priority queue, a structure control instruction is generated that includes the discharge port adjustment sequence and the arch breaking execution path.

5. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the identification results of the flow instability region, structural control commands are generated for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch-breaking execution path, and flow field reconstruction commands are generated for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. Specifically, these include: Obtain flow field correlation data corresponding to the flow instability region; A flow field reconstruction relationship diagram is constructed based on the aforementioned flow field correlation data; Based on the flow field reconstruction relationship diagram, the gas supply adjustment sequence corresponding to the flow instability region and the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence corresponding to the chute conveying unit are generated sequentially. Based on the type of flow instability region, the level of regional instability, the degree of abnormality of air permeability pressure difference, the degree of decrease in discharge flow rate, the degree of fluctuation of discharge flow rate at the chute inlet, and the downstream conveying feedback status, a flow field reconstruction priority queue is generated. A flow field reconstruction instruction containing the gas supply adjustment sequence and the chute conveying angle adjustment sequence is generated based on the flow field reconstruction priority queue.

6. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of coordinating the verification of the structural control command and the flow field reconstruction command to generate a target unloading control scheme specifically includes: Read the multi-layer discharge port control parameters and arch breaking execution parameters in the structure control command, and read the air supply control parameters and chute conveying angle parameters in the flow field reconstruction command to establish the control object mapping relationship between the corresponding bottom unloading unit, the air supply zone of the air-filled chute, and the chute conveying unit; Construct a collaborative verification relationship diagram for unloading based on the mapping relationship of the controlled objects; Based on the unloading coordination verification relationship diagram, generate coordination control evaluation parameters; Based on the synergistic control evaluation parameters, the structural control command and the flow field reconstruction command are synergistically scored, and the control combination with the highest synergistic score is selected as the target unloading control scheme.

7. The adaptive flow-state unloading control method for cement silo bottom according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before generating the collaborative control evaluation parameters based on the unloading collaborative verification relationship diagram, the method further includes: Based on the unloading coordination verification relationship diagram, the flow matching verification is performed sequentially on the discharge port adjustment sequence in the structural control command and the air supply adjustment sequence in the flow field reconstruction command, the fluidization coupling verification is performed on the arch breaking execution path and the air supply adjustment sequence, the conveying acceptance verification is performed on the chute conveying angle and the discharge port opening sequence, and the regional conflict verification is performed on the structural control command and the flow field reconstruction command.

8. A cement silo bottom adaptive flow unloading control device, characterized in that, The device is used to execute the adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottom as described in any one of claims 1-7. The device includes an acquisition module, a processing module, and an output module, wherein: The acquisition module is used to acquire a set of unloading operation data during the unloading process at the bottom of the cement silo. The processing module is used to construct a bottom flow pattern observation map containing the correlation between bottom unloading units based on the unloading operation data set; The processing module is used to identify potential compaction areas, fluidization-impeded areas, dead material risk areas, and collapse impact areas based on the flow state observation map at the bottom of the reservoir, and to form a flow instability area identification result. The processing module is used to generate, based on the flow instability region identification results, structural control commands for adjusting the multi-layer discharge port and the arch-breaking execution path, and flow field reconstruction commands for adjusting the air supply state of the air-filled chute and the chute conveying angle. The processing module is used to perform collaborative verification of the structure control command and the flow field reconstruction command to generate a target unloading control scheme. The output module is used to perform bottom unloading control based on the target unloading control scheme.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory having a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements an adaptive flow unloading control method for the bottom of a cement silo as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed, perform an adaptive flow unloading control method for cement silo bottom as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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