A bench presplit blasting hole distance super deep combined optimization method

Abstract

The application discloses a step pre-splitting blast hole distance and ultra-depth combined optimization method, and particularly relates to the field of blast data processing, and is used for solving the problem of difficult identification of hole distance and ultra-depth mismatch in the case of qualified orifice; by acquiring field multi-source data, pre-splitting holes are arranged according to slope contour line projection coordinates, adjacent pre-splitting holes are combined to form hole section samples and are bound to post-blast forming results, and hole section data sets are formed; based on the hole section data sets, hole axis space relations are reconstructed, equivalent hole distance sequences and effective ultra-depth sequences are generated at the same hole depth positions, and hole distance and ultra-depth space features are obtained; from the formed jointing matching band representation, the to-be-corrected hole section samples are aligned with the jointing matching band representation to form a matching deviation sequence, and a corrected hole section subset is obtained; according to the matching deviation sequence, the combined correction amount of the hole distance and the ultra-depth is calculated, and the combined correction amount or the feedback corrected combined correction amount is output after reflection verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting data processing, and more specifically, to a method for optimizing the ultra-deep joint spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the excavation of roadbed slope steps, pre-splitting blasting is often used to control the shape of the slope profile. Before construction, pre-splitting holes are usually arranged according to the designed slope toe and slope profile, and the hole positions, hole spacing, drilling inclination angle, hole depth, and nominal over-depth are recorded on site. After blasting, the shaping quality is evaluated by the half-hole state, the continuity of the pre-splitting surface, the post-blast profile position, and the over- and under-excavation situation. The above data sources are scattered, and the recording benchmarks are not completely consistent. The hole positions come from the layout records, the hole depth and drilling inclination angle come from the drilling inspection, and the post-blast shaping results come from the post-blast inspection. If the analysis is carried out directly according to the original record order, it is easy to mistakenly identify non-adjacent pre-splitting holes as adjacent pre-splitting holes, which will affect the division of hole segments and the attribution of post-blast results.

[0003] The adjustment of existing pre-splitting blasting parameters is usually based primarily on borehole spacing, single-hole depth, and post-blast appearance results. When the borehole spacing meets the design requirements, it is generally assumed that adjacent pre-splitting holes have the conditions for forming a joint; when the nominal over-depth meets the construction record, it is generally assumed that the hole bottom has met the slope toe control requirements. In actual construction, deviations in borehole inclination angle, differences in hole depth, and borehole position offsets can change the spatial relationship between two adjacent pre-splitting holes within the slope. A seemingly satisfactory borehole spacing at the borehole opening may expand or contract near the hole body or bottom; the nominal over-depth recorded cannot directly reflect the position of the hole bottom relative to the designed slope toe. Therefore, relying solely on the single-point distance at the borehole opening and the single-hole depth record makes it difficult to identify the combined deviation of borehole spacing over-depth along the hole depth direction within the slope.

[0004] For post-blast forming results, existing processing methods often use the breakage of the pre-splitting surface, deviation of the slope profile, or local over- or under-excavation as the basis for parameter adjustment. However, these results often only reflect the final forming state and cannot directly indicate whether the deviation occurs near the borehole opening, the middle of the borehole body, or near the bottom of the borehole. Nor can they distinguish whether the deviation mainly comes from the crossover of the equivalent borehole spacing, insufficient effective over-depth, or a combination of both. If there are crossover deviations in opposite directions at different borehole depth positions, and they are still uniformly corrected as a complete borehole segment, it may lead to the correction amounts canceling each other out, or the borehole depth positions that are already within the reasonable range being readjusted again.

[0005] Therefore, a processing method is needed for the current pre-splitting blasting field data of the bench. This method involves rearranging the pre-splitting holes according to the projected coordinates of the slope contour line, forming hole segment samples from adjacent pre-splitting holes, binding the construction data and post-blasting shaping results to the same hole segment range, and converting the hole spacing and nominal over-depth into an equivalent hole spacing sequence and an effective over-depth sequence arranged along the hole depth direction based on the spatial relationship of the hole axis. Furthermore, it is necessary to utilize the formation of a matching zone characterization from qualified hole segments to compare the hole segment samples to be corrected at the same hole depth position, decompose deviations, and perform retrospective verification, thereby providing a basis for joint correction of hole spacing and over-depth consistent with the actual hole axis spatial relationship.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, a technical solution is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for joint optimization of borehole spacing and ultra-deep depth in pre-splitting blasting. This method involves acquiring multi-source data from the field, arranging pre-splitting holes according to the projected coordinates of the slope contour line, forming borehole segment samples by combining adjacent pre-splitting holes with post-blasting forming results, thus creating a borehole segment dataset. Based on the borehole segment dataset, the spatial relationship of the borehole axis is reconstructed, generating an equivalent borehole spacing sequence and an effective ultra-deep sequence at the same borehole depth, thereby obtaining the spatial characteristics of borehole spacing and ultra-deep depth. Qualified formed borehole segments are merged to form a joint matching zone characterization, and the borehole segment samples to be corrected are aligned with the joint matching zone characterization to form a matching deviation sequence, resulting in a subset of corrected borehole segments. The joint correction amount of borehole spacing and ultra-deep depth is calculated based on the matching deviation sequence, and the joint correction amount is output after feedback verification or feedback correction, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: Acquire the on-site multi-source data of the current bench pre-splitting blasting, arrange the pre-splitting holes according to the projection coordinates of the slope outline, form adjacent pre-splitting holes into hole segment samples and bind them to the post-blasting forming results to obtain the hole segment dataset; Based on the hole segment dataset, the spatial relationship of the hole axis of the hole segment samples is reconstructed. An equivalent hole spacing sequence and an effective ultra-deep sequence relative to the design slope foot are generated at the same hole depth position to obtain the spatial characteristics of hole spacing ultra-deep. Extract qualified formed hole segments from the hole segment dataset, and group the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the qualified formed hole segments into a single-band form of slit matching band characterization according to the same hole depth position; The hole segment samples that did not enter the qualified forming hole segment in the hole segment dataset are taken as the hole segment samples to be corrected. The ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the hole segment samples to be corrected are aligned with the slit matching zone representation at the same hole depth position to form a matching deviation sequence. When the matching deviation sequence has split segments with opposite outward directions and separated by the in-zone position, the hole segment samples to be corrected are split with the in-zone position as the boundary. When the matching deviation sequence does not have split segments, the hole segment samples to be corrected are retained to obtain the corrected hole segment subset. The joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth is calculated based on the matching deviation sequence in the modified hole segment subset. The joint correction amount is then mapped back to the spatial relationship of the hole axis to form a verification result. When the verification result is a single band and falls into the joint matching band, the joint correction amount is output. When the verification result does not simultaneously meet the requirements of being a single band and falling into the joint matching band, the boundary of the modified hole segment subset is updated with the crossover position in the verification result to obtain the joint correction amount after feedback correction.

[0009] Furthermore, the pre-splitting holes are arranged according to the projected coordinates of the slope outline, including: When the slope outline is composed of multiple continuous line segments, determine the candidate projection position from the orifice position to each continuous line segment; When the foot of the perpendicular from the orifice to the continuous line segment is inside the continuous line segment, the foot of the perpendicular is used as the candidate projection position. When the foot of the perpendicular from the orifice to the continuous line segment is outside the continuous line segment, the endpoint of the continuous line segment closest to the orifice is taken as the candidate projection position. The candidate projection position with the shortest spatial distance from the orifice is selected as the projection position of the orifice on the slope outline. When there are candidate projection positions with the same spatial distance, the candidate projection position with the smaller cumulative length along the slope outline is selected, and the cumulative length along the line from the starting position of the slope outline to the projection position is used as the projection coordinate.

[0010] Furthermore, the reconstruction of the spatial relationship of the hole axis includes: Read the borehole positions, drilling inclination angles, borehole depths, and design slope toes of two adjacent pre-splitting holes contained in the borehole segment sample; The position of the pre-cracked hole opening is taken as the starting point of the spatial relationship of the hole axis; According to the projection coordinates of the orifice position on the slope outline, obtain the corresponding point of the design slope toe on the design slope toe; The direction from the borehole opening to the corresponding point of the designed slope toe is taken as the initial direction for entering the slope, and the borehole inclination angle is used to constrain the inclination of the initial direction relative to the construction reference surface, thus forming the borehole axis direction; The hole axis extends from the hole opening along the hole axis direction to the corresponding position of the hole depth, forming a spatial line segment from the hole opening to the bottom of the hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the slit matching zone characterization is formed by the minimum equivalent hole spacing, the maximum equivalent hole spacing, the minimum effective over-depth, and the maximum effective over-depth of the qualified hole segments at the same hole depth position. Each hole depth position forms only one continuous slit matching zone position, and all slit matching zone positions are arranged in the hole depth direction; The lowest equivalent hole spacing value corresponds to the lower boundary of the equivalent hole spacing, and the highest equivalent hole spacing value corresponds to the upper boundary of the equivalent hole spacing. The lowest effective over-depth value corresponds to the lower boundary of the effective over-depth, and the highest effective over-depth value corresponds to the upper boundary of the effective over-depth. The identification of split segments is only performed within the same boundary type. Equivalent hole spacing below the lower boundary of equivalent hole spacing and equivalent hole spacing above the upper boundary of equivalent hole spacing constitute opposite crossovers. Effective over-depth below the lower boundary of effective over-depth and effective over-depth above the upper boundary of effective over-depth constitute opposite crossovers. A split segment is formed when there is an in-band position between two cross-segments and opposite cross-segments of the same boundary type. A split segment is not formed when there is no in-band position between two cross-segments or opposite cross-segments of the same boundary type.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjacent pre-cracked holes are combined into hole segment samples and bound to the post-burst forming results, including: When the post-blasting forming result is a measuring point, the measuring point is projected onto the slope outline to obtain the projected coordinates of the measuring point, and the measuring point is assigned to the hole segment sample where the projected coordinates are located. When the post-explosion forming result is a continuous detection segment and the continuous detection segment is completely located within the orifice arrangement range of a hole segment sample, the continuous detection segment is classified into the hole segment sample. When a continuous detection segment crosses the boundary of more than one well segment sample, the continuous detection segment is divided according to the boundary of all well segment samples passed by the continuous detection segment, and the divided detection segments are assigned to the corresponding well segment samples respectively. When the on-site records cannot support segmentation, the assignment is determined according to the length of the continuous detection segment along the line within each well segment sample. If the lengths of the occupied lines are the same, the well segment sample with the earlier arrangement order is assigned.

[0013] Furthermore, extracting qualified formed hole segments from the hole segment dataset includes: When there are no break points within the sample range of the hole segment, and the post-explosion contour positions are all within the range corresponding to the design slope foot, the hole segment sample is extracted as a qualified formed hole segment. When there is a break in the hole segment sample range, the hole segment sample will not enter the qualified hole segment; when any post-explosion contour position deviates from the corresponding range of the design slope foot, the hole segment sample will not enter the qualified hole segment. A set of qualified formed hole segments is composed of qualified formed hole segments; When the set of qualified hole segments is empty, the ultra-deep spatial characteristics of the hole spacing corresponding to the current pre-splitting blasting design parameters of the step are used as the initial fracture matching zone characterization, and the current hole segment dataset is marked as having insufficient qualified samples. Once a qualified hole segment is obtained, the initial joint matching zone characterization is replaced with the joint matching zone characterization formed by the qualified hole segment.

[0014] Furthermore, updating and correcting the boundary of the hole segment subset based on the crossover position in the feedback verification results includes: Read the remaining span positions from the feedback verification results, and merge the continuous remaining span positions into a remaining span segment along the hole depth direction; Use the sub-items in the subset of corrected hole segments containing the remaining overhang segments as boundary update objects; Read the nearest in-band position on the front side and the nearest in-band position on the back side of the remaining crossover segment; If there is an inner position on the front side of the remaining cross-section, the inner position on the front side is used as the new starting boundary; if there is no inner position on the front side of the remaining cross-section, the end point of the orifice side of the boundary update object is used as the new starting boundary. If there is an inner position behind the remaining cross section, the inner position behind the cross section is used as the new termination boundary; if there is no inner position behind the remaining cross section, the bottom end point of the hole of the boundary update object is used as the new termination boundary. The matching deviation sequence is reread between the new starting boundary and the new ending boundary, and the joint correction amount after feedback correction is recalculated.

[0015] Furthermore, the borehole segment dataset consists of borehole segment records summarized in order of arrangement according to the slope outline; Each borehole segment record includes a borehole segment sample, two adjacent pre-splitting holes that make up the borehole segment sample, construction data of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes, the hole spacing corresponding to the borehole segment sample, and the post-blast forming results included in the borehole segment sample. Construction data is used to reconstruct the spatial relationship of the borehole axis and generate ultra-deep spatial features of the borehole spacing; The hole segment record is bound to the hole orifice arrangement range of the hole segment sample and the post-explosion forming result.

[0016] Furthermore, the matching deviation sequence consists of matching deviation records arranged from the borehole opening to the bottom of the borehole according to the borehole depth position; Each matching deviation record includes the equivalent hole spacing crossover record and the effective over-depth crossover record at the same hole depth position; When both the equivalent hole spacing and the effective over-depth spacing are zero, the hole depth position is recorded as the position within the zone. When there is a non-zero extension between the equivalent hole spacing and the effective over-depth extension, the hole depth position is recorded as the extension position, and the extension boundary name, extension direction and extension amount are saved in the matching deviation record.

[0017] Furthermore, the feedback verification results are formed by arranging the feedback matching deviation records according to the hole depth direction; The matching deviation record after the mapping includes the name of the boundary crossing, the direction of crossing, and the amount of crossing after the mapping. After the combined correction amount is formed based on the feedback, the feedback verification result is regenerated; When the regenerated feedback verification result is a single band and falls into the stitch matching band characterization, the output is the joint correction amount after feedback correction. If the regenerated feedback verification result still has remaining crossover positions, output the joint correction amount after feedback correction and simultaneously mark the remaining crossover positions.

[0018] The technical effects and advantages of the ultra-deep combined optimization method for step pre-splitting blasting hole spacing of the present invention are as follows: This invention organizes previously scattered construction records and post-blast inspection results into a borehole segment dataset, giving adjacent pre-splitting holes, borehole opening and spacing, spatial relationships between borehole axes, and post-blast forming results a unified attribute. Compared to methods that rely solely on borehole opening and spacing or single-hole depth for judgment, the processing object shifts from a single pre-splitting hole to borehole segment samples between adjacent pre-splitting holes, resulting in clearer data correspondences and reducing judgment biases caused by inconsistencies between the order of construction records and the spatial order on site.

[0019] This invention generates equivalent hole spacing sequences and effective ultra-deep sequences at the same hole depth, allowing hole spacing and ultra-deep variations to be expressed in pairs at the same hole depth. By forming a matching band characterization through qualified hole segments, the deviation judgment of the hole segment sample to be corrected has a reference range from the post-burst forming results, avoiding the judgment of hole spacing or ultra-deep status based solely on a single threshold. The split segment identification uses opposite crossover and in-band positions of the same boundary type to split the correction object, reducing the situation where deviations in different directions are merged into the same correction object.

[0020] This invention performs a feedback verification before outputting the joint correction amount for hole spacing and ultra-depth, ensuring that the correction result is not merely a numerical difference but also re-examines the spatial relationship of the hole axis. If the feedback verification result does not meet the conditions, the boundary of the modified hole segment subset is updated based on the remaining overshoot position, forming a feedback-corrected joint correction amount. This allows local overshoot ranges to be processed separately, ensuring that the output result is consistent with the hole depth position, overshoot direction, and overshoot amount. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the ultra-deep combined optimization method for step pre-splitting blasting hole spacing according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-cracked hole projection arrangement and hole segment sample construction of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 2 This invention provides a method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes at ultra-deep depths, comprising: S1: Obtain the on-site multi-source data of the current bench pre-splitting blasting, arrange the pre-splitting holes according to the projection coordinates of the slope outline, form adjacent pre-splitting holes into hole segment samples and bind them to the post-blasting forming results to obtain the hole segment dataset; S2: Based on the borehole segment dataset, reconstruct the spatial relationship of the borehole axis of the borehole segment samples, generate an equivalent borehole spacing sequence and an effective ultra-deep sequence relative to the design slope foot at the same borehole depth, and obtain the spatial characteristics of borehole spacing ultra-deep. S3: Extract qualified formed hole segments from the hole segment dataset, and group the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the qualified formed hole segments into a single-band form of slit matching band characterization according to the same hole depth position; S4: Take the hole segment samples that have not entered the qualified hole segment in the hole segment dataset as the hole segment samples to be corrected. Align the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the hole segment samples to be corrected with the slit matching zone representation at the same hole depth position to form a matching deviation sequence. When the matching deviation sequence has split segments with opposite outward directions and separated by the position within the zone, split the hole segment samples to be corrected with the position within the zone as the boundary. When the matching deviation sequence does not have split segments, retain the hole segment samples to be corrected to obtain the corrected hole segment subset. S5: Calculate the joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth based on the matching deviation sequence in the modified hole segment subset, and reflect the joint correction amount back to the spatial relationship of the hole axis to form the reflection verification result; when the reflection verification result is a single band and falls into the joint matching band, output the joint correction amount; when the reflection verification result does not simultaneously meet the characteristics of a single band and falling into the joint matching band, update the boundary of the modified hole segment subset with the crossover position in the reflection verification result to obtain the joint correction amount after feedback correction.

[0024] This invention uses multi-source field data from current bench pre-splitting blasting as input. First, it incorporates borehole position, borehole spacing, drilling inclination, borehole depth, nominal over-depth, design slope toe, and post-blasting shaping results into borehole segment samples between adjacent pre-splitting boreholes, forming a borehole segment dataset that expresses the correspondence between construction data and post-blasting shaping results. Then, based on this dataset, it reconstructs the spatial relationship of the borehole axis, converting the borehole spacing into an equivalent spacing sequence arranged along the borehole depth direction, and converting the nominal over-depth into an effective over-depth sequence relative to the design slope toe, forming a spatial feature of the borehole spacing over-depth. Next, it merges qualified borehole segments to obtain a single-band joint matching zone representation. The spatial feature of the borehole spacing over-depth of the sample to be corrected is aligned with the joint matching zone representation at the same borehole depth, forming a matching deviation sequence. Split segments are identified based on opposite crossover and in-band positions, resulting in a subset of corrected borehole segments. Finally, it calculates the joint correction amount of borehole spacing and over-depth based on the corrected borehole segment subset, verifies it through the spatial relationship of the borehole axis, and outputs the joint correction amount or the feedback corrected joint correction amount.

[0025] Detailed implementation of step S1: Step S1 deals with the most basic data collection problem in current bench pre-splitting blasting. Field records usually come from different sources: the hole position comes from the layout record, the hole spacing comes from the hole position measurement, and the post-blasting forming result comes from the post-blasting inspection. However, the pre-splitting surface is not formed by a single pre-splitting hole, but by the hole segments between adjacent pre-splitting holes. Therefore, it is necessary to first organize the scattered data into a hole segment dataset.

[0026] S101. Unified processing of multi-source data from the field: The construction records and post-blast inspection records have issues with different sources, recording order, and recording location benchmarks. If the pre-splitting holes are read directly according to the original table order, non-adjacent pre-splitting holes may be mistakenly identified as adjacent. To avoid errors in adjacency relationships, the slope outline corresponding to the design slope toe is used as a unified reference. The hole position of each pre-splitting hole is projected onto the slope outline, obtaining the projected coordinates of each pre-splitting hole along the slope outline. When the slope outline has a bend, the projected coordinates are accumulated according to the actual direction of the slope outline. First, the corresponding projected position of the hole position on the slope outline is determined, and then the coordinates are accumulated from the starting position on the slope outline along the actual direction to the projected position. The accumulated position along the line is used as the projected coordinates of the pre-splitting hole.

[0027] When the slope outline consists of multiple continuous line segments, the candidate projection positions from the orifice location to each continuous line segment are determined. To clarify the method of obtaining the candidate projection positions, let the orifice location be... , No. The starting point of a continuous line segment is The destination is The position of the orifice is at the The projection scale on a continuous line segment is The projection ratio is obtained according to the following formula: ; When the projection scale is less than zero, the candidate projection position is taken as the first... The starting point of a continuous line segment; when the projection scale is greater than one, the candidate projection position is taken as the first... The endpoint of a continuous line segment; when the projection scale is between zero and one, the candidate projection position is obtained according to the following formula. To unify the three cases, the projection scale is first restricted to between zero and one, resulting in the restricted projection scale. : ; Candidate projection location Obtained using the following formula: ; Then, the spatial distances between the orifice location and all candidate projection locations are compared, and the candidate projection location with the shortest spatial distance is selected as the projection location of the orifice location on the slope outline. If there are candidate projection locations with the same spatial distance, the candidate projection location with the smaller cumulative length along the slope outline is selected. The projection coordinates are the cumulative length along the slope outline from the starting position to the projection location.

[0028] After obtaining the projected coordinates, all pre-splitting holes are rearranged in ascending order of projected coordinates. Simultaneously, the hole position, hole spacing, drilling angle, hole depth, nominal over-depth, design slope toe, and post-burst forming results for each pre-splitting hole are compiled. The hole spacing is not obtained using the manual numbering order that may exist in the table; instead, the rearranged hole positions of adjacent pre-splitting holes are read, the spatial straight-line distance between the two hole positions is calculated, and this spatial straight-line distance is recorded as the hole spacing between the preceding and following pre-splitting holes.

[0029] After processing through this step, the arrangement order of the pre-splitting holes is consistent with the actual direction of the slope outline, and the hole opening and spacing correspond to the actual adjacent pre-splitting holes, thus avoiding errors in the construction of hole segment samples caused by inconsistencies between the construction record order and the on-site spatial order.

[0030] S102. Construction and boundary determination of pore segment samples: The fracture formation in pre-splitting blasting occurs between adjacent pre-splitting holes. Since the construction data of a single pre-splitting hole cannot individually represent the connectivity of the fractures between holes, each group of adjacent pre-splitting holes is grouped into a hole segment sample according to the rearranged order. Each hole segment sample is jointly defined by the preceding and following pre-splitting holes, and the hole opening arrangement range of the hole segment sample starts from the projected coordinates of the preceding pre-splitting hole and ends at the projected coordinates of the following pre-splitting hole.

[0031] To avoid duplicate assignments between borehole segments, the borehole arrangement range is handled using a one-sided inclusion rule. Specifically, the starting projection coordinates of a borehole segment are assigned to that segment, the ending projection coordinates to the next segment, and the ending projection coordinates to the last segment. If the post-explosion forming result falls on a boundary shared by two borehole segments, the center positions of the borehole segments on both sides of the boundary are read first, and the post-explosion forming result is assigned to the borehole segment closer to its center. If the distances are the same, the result is assigned to the borehole segment that appears earlier in the sequence, ensuring that each post-explosion forming result has only one assigned object.

[0032] In one embodiment, when the first, second, third, and fourth pre-splitting holes are sequentially read along the slope contour line, the first and second pre-splitting holes form a first hole segment sample, the second and third pre-splitting holes form a second hole segment sample, and the third and fourth pre-splitting holes form a third hole segment sample. If a post-blast forming result is located at a boundary position near the second pre-splitting hole, the distances along the line from the post-blast forming result to the center positions of the first and second hole segment samples are compared, and the hole segment sample with the smaller distance is accepted for the post-blast forming result.

[0033] After processing in this step, each hole segment sample has a unique hole arrangement range and clear boundary assignment rules, and the same post-explosion forming result will not be received repeatedly among hole segment samples.

[0034] S103. Binding of post-burst forming results and formation of hole segment dataset: The post-blast forming results need to correspond with the borehole segment samples to reflect the actual crack formation of adjacent pre-splitting holes. When reading the post-blast forming results, first distinguish the recording format of the post-blast forming results. If the post-blast forming result is a measuring point, then project the measuring point onto the slope outline to obtain the projected coordinates of the measuring point, and then assign the measuring point to the borehole segment sample where the projected coordinates are located. If the post-blast forming result is a continuous detection segment, the start and end positions of the continuous detection segment are projected onto the slope outline to obtain the start and end projection coordinates of the continuous detection segment. When the continuous detection segment is completely within the borehole arrangement range of a borehole segment sample, the continuous detection segment is assigned to that borehole segment sample. When the continuous detection segment crosses the boundary of at least one borehole segment sample, the continuous detection segment is divided according to the boundaries of all borehole segment samples traversed by the continuous detection segment. Each segment after division is only within the borehole arrangement range of a borehole segment sample and is assigned to the corresponding borehole segment sample. When the field record cannot support the division, the length of the continuous detection segment along the line within each borehole segment sample is calculated, and the continuous detection segment is assigned to the borehole segment sample with the largest length along the line. If the lengths along the line are the same, the continuous detection segment is assigned to the borehole segment sample with the earlier arrangement order.

[0035] After assignment, each borehole segment sample is linked to the post-blast forming results within the corresponding range to form a borehole segment record. Each borehole segment record includes the borehole segment sample, two adjacent pre-splitting holes constituting the borehole segment sample, construction data of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes, the borehole spacing corresponding to the borehole segment sample, and the post-blast forming results assigned to the borehole segment sample. All borehole segment records are summarized in the order of the slope outline to form a borehole segment dataset.

[0036] After processing in this step, a one-to-one correspondence or a segmented correspondence is formed between the post-blast forming results and the borehole segment samples. The borehole segment dataset can directly express the relationship between the construction data of adjacent pre-splitting holes and the post-blast forming results within the same borehole segment.

[0037] After step S1 is completed, the borehole segment dataset has been organized in the actual spatial order of the slope outline. Each borehole segment record contains the construction data of adjacent pre-splitting holes, the hole opening distance, and the post-blasting forming results after binding. Step S2 can directly reconstruct the spatial relationship of the borehole axis using the borehole segment record as the processing object.

[0038] Detailed implementation of step S2: The borehole segment dataset generated in step S1 has already grouped adjacent pre-splitting holes, borehole spacing, drilling inclination angle, hole depth, nominal over-depth, design slope toe, and post-blast forming results into the same borehole segment sample; however, the borehole spacing and nominal over-depth are still at the construction record level and cannot directly reflect the jointing conditions of adjacent pre-splitting holes inside the slope body. Step S2 needs to convert the borehole segment sample into spatial features of borehole spacing and over-depth that can be read along the borehole depth direction.

[0039] S201. Reconstructing the spatial relationship of the borehole axis in the borehole segment sample: Each borehole segment sample consists of two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes, with pre-splitting cracks formed between them. Describing the pre-splitting boreholes solely using their orifice positions would fail to reflect the internal slope offset caused by borehole inclination deviations and depth differences. Therefore, for each borehole segment sample in the dataset, the two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes within the sample are first read, followed by the borehole orifice positions, borehole inclination angles, depths, and design slope toes of each adjacent pre-splitting borehole.

[0040] The starting point of the spatial relationship of the hole axis is the position of the pre-splitting hole's opening. The extension direction of the spatial relationship of the hole axis is determined by the drilling inclination angle and the downward inclination direction of the opening position relative to the design slope toe. The downward inclination direction of the opening position relative to the design slope toe is determined according to the projected coordinates of the opening position on the slope outline. First, obtain the corresponding point on the design slope toe that has the same projected coordinates as the opening position. Then, take the direction from the opening position to the corresponding point on the design slope toe as the initial direction of the pre-splitting hole entering the slope. Correct the inclination of the initial direction relative to the construction reference surface with the drilling inclination angle to obtain the extension direction of the spatial relationship of the hole axis.

[0041] To clarify the calculation method for the spatial relationship of the hole axis, let the first... The positions of the pre-cracked holes are as follows: , No. The corresponding design slope toe point for each pre-cracked hole is: The unit direction of the orifice position pointing to the corresponding point of the design slope toe and projected onto the construction reference plane is: The drilling inclination angle is The downward normal unit vector of the construction reference plane is The unit vector along the hole axis is The unit vector along the hole axis is obtained according to the following formula:

[0042] The length of the hole axis in spatial relation is defined by the hole depth. The hole axis extends from the hole opening along the axial direction to the corresponding position within the hole depth, forming a spatial line segment from the hole opening to the bottom of the hole. Let the hole depth be... , No. A pre-cracked hole at the hole depth position The spatial point of the hole axis is The spatial point of the hole axis is obtained according to the following formula: ; For two adjacent pre-splitting holes in a borehole segment sample, a spatial relationship along the borehole axis is formed. If the drilling inclination angles of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes are the same, the spatial relationship along the borehole axis remains approximately parallel along the borehole depth direction; if the drilling inclination angles of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes are different, the spacing between the two spatial relationships along the borehole depth direction will change. After this sub-step processing, the borehole segment sample no longer only includes the adjacent relationship at the borehole opening, but also includes the spatial extension relationship of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes within the slope.

[0043] S202, Calculate the equivalent hole spacing sequence arranged along the hole depth direction: The borehole spacing only represents the distance between two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes at the borehole opening, not the distance between them near the borehole body and bottom. To obtain the actual borehole spacing of a borehole segment sample within the slope, positions with the same borehole depth are selected in the spatial relationship between the two borehole axes of the borehole segment sample. These positions are limited to the common borehole depth range shared by the two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes. The common borehole depth range terminates at the shorter of the two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes; positions exceeding this range are not included in the conversion of the equivalent borehole spacing sequence.

[0044] At each hole depth, spatial points on the spatial relationship of the previous and subsequent pre-splitting hole axes are read, and the spatial straight-line distance between the two spatial points is calculated. This spatial straight-line distance is used as the equivalent hole spacing of the hole segment sample at that hole depth. Let the first... Each well segment sample at well depth The equivalent aperture spacing is , No. The first pre-cracked hole and the first A pre-cracked hole at the hole depth position The spatial points of the hole axis on the upper part are respectively and The equivalent hole spacing is obtained according to the following formula: ; The spatial straight-line distances at all positions with the same hole depth are calculated sequentially along the hole depth direction, and all equivalent hole distances are arranged in the order from the hole opening to the hole bottom to form an equivalent hole distance sequence.

[0045] The equivalent hole spacing sequence preserves the distance variation process between two adjacent pre-splitting holes. When the hole spacing at the orifice is acceptable but the hole axis shifts in opposite directions, the equivalent hole spacing near the hole bottom will gradually deviate from the orifice spacing. When the hole axis shifts in the same direction, the equivalent hole spacing sequence can reflect whether adjacent pre-splitting holes still maintain the proximity required for crack formation within the slope. After this sub-step processing, the hole spacing at the orifice is converted into an equivalent hole spacing sequence arranged along the hole depth direction, and the object of hole spacing judgment changes from the single-point distance at the orifice to the continuous distance within the hole body.

[0046] S203. Convert the effective ultra-deep sequence and form the ultra-deep spatial features of the aperture spacing: Nominal over-depth originates from the hole depth record. Nominal over-depth only indicates the additional length of the pre-splitting hole relative to the design hole depth; it does not directly indicate whether the hole bottom is in position relative to the design slope toe. To convert nominal over-depth into spatial data directly corresponding to slope toe control, the corresponding hole depth position of the pre-splitting hole relative to the design slope toe needs to be determined in the hole axis spatial relationship. Specifically, the spatial position corresponding to the design slope toe is read along the hole axis spatial relationship of the pre-splitting hole, and the length of the hole axis from the hole opening to this spatial position is recorded as the hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe. The hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe represents the hole depth required for the pre-splitting hole to reach the design slope toe control position along the hole axis direction.

[0047] When the point corresponding to the design slope toe is not located on the spatial relationship of the hole axis, project the point corresponding to the design slope toe vertically onto the spatial relationship of the hole axis. If the projected position falls between the hole opening and the hole bottom, the length of the hole axis from the hole opening to the projected position is taken as the hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe. If the projected position is before the hole opening, the hole opening position is taken as the hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe. If the projected position is after the hole bottom, the hole bottom position is taken as the hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe. Let the first... The depth of each pre-cracked hole is The design slope toe corresponds to the hole depth position as follows: The design slope toe corresponding to the hole depth is obtained according to the following formula: ; In the formula, This represents the projected length of the point corresponding to the design slope toe relative to the hole opening along the hole axis. The outer layer value is used to limit the hole depth position corresponding to the design slope toe to the area between the hole opening and the bottom of the hole.

[0048] At each hole depth location, the signed difference between the hole depth locations of two adjacent pre-splitting holes and their respective design slope toe corresponding hole depth locations is calculated. A positive signed difference indicates that the hole depth location has exceeded the design slope toe corresponding hole depth location; a negative signed difference indicates that the hole depth location has not yet reached the design slope toe corresponding hole depth location. The hole segment sample is jointly controlled by two adjacent pre-splitting holes. If even one pre-splitting hole at the same hole depth location fails to reach the design slope toe corresponding hole depth location, the hole segment sample still exhibits insufficient slope toe control at that hole depth location. Therefore, the value closer to the negative sign among the signed differences of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes is selected as the effective over-depth of the hole segment sample at the same hole depth location. Let the first... Each well segment sample at well depth The effective super-depth is The effective depth is then obtained according to the following formula: ; The effective over-depths at all positions with the same borehole depth are arranged in order from the borehole opening to the bottom, forming an effective over-depth sequence. The equivalent borehole spacing and effective over-depth at the same borehole depth position are recorded in pairs, forming a borehole spacing over-depth spatial point. Then, all borehole spacing over-depth spatial points are arranged according to the borehole depth direction to obtain the borehole spacing over-depth spatial feature. The borehole spacing over-depth spatial feature ensures that variations in borehole spacing and over-depth correspond at the same borehole depth position, thus expressing the slit formation spatial state of the borehole segment sample at different borehole depth positions.

[0049] In one embodiment, a borehole segment sample consists of a first adjacent pre-splitting borehole and a second adjacent pre-splitting borehole. The borehole distance between the first and second adjacent pre-splitting boreholes meets the requirements of the construction record, but the drilling inclination angle of the first adjacent pre-splitting borehole is offset towards the inside of the slope, while the drilling inclination angle of the second adjacent pre-splitting borehole is offset towards the outside of the slope. After reconstructing the spatial relationship between the two borehole axes based on the borehole opening position, drilling inclination angle, and borehole depth, multiple positions with the same borehole depth are read along the borehole depth direction. At each position with the same borehole depth, the spatial straight-line distance between the two borehole axes is calculated to obtain an equivalent borehole distance sequence. If the equivalent borehole distance near the bottom of the borehole is greater than the borehole opening distance, the equivalent borehole distance sequence reflects the internal offset of the increased borehole bottom distance. Further, the borehole depth positions corresponding to the design slope toe of the two adjacent pre-splitting boreholes are read. If the first adjacent pre-splitting borehole has already exceeded the corresponding borehole depth position near the bottom of the borehole, while the second adjacent pre-splitting borehole has not yet reached the corresponding borehole depth position near the bottom of the borehole, then the effective over-depth near the bottom of the borehole segment sample is taken as the negative difference value corresponding to the second adjacent pre-splitting borehole. The resulting ultra-deep spatial characteristics of the borehole spacing simultaneously reflect the increased borehole bottom spacing and insufficient slope toe control, thus avoiding the misjudgment that the borehole segment sample has met the conditions for joint formation based solely on the borehole opening spacing and nominal ultra-deep spacing.

[0050] After step S2 is completed, each borehole segment sample has the spatial relationship of borehole axis, equivalent borehole spacing sequence, effective ultra-deep sequence and borehole spacing ultra-deep spatial features. The construction record parameters in the borehole segment dataset are converted into spatial data expressed along the borehole depth direction, providing a consistent data object for step S3 to extract qualified borehole segments according to the post-blasting forming results.

[0051] Detailed implementation of step S3: Step S2 has generated a hole spacing ultra-deep spatial feature for each hole segment sample in the hole segment dataset. The hole spacing ultra-deep spatial feature can express the equivalent hole spacing and effective ultra-deep variation of adjacent pre-splitting holes inside the slope body. Step S3 needs to find the hole segment samples with qualified post-blasting forming results from the hole segment dataset, and merge the hole spacing ultra-deep spatial features corresponding to these hole segment samples into a joint matching zone representation, so that the joint matching zone representation comes from the actual forming result of the current bench pre-splitting blasting.

[0052] S301. Extraction of qualified formed hole segments: The joint matching zone characterization is used to represent the ultra-deep spatial range of the hole spacing corresponding to a qualified joint formation state. Therefore, the hole segment samples participating in the formation of the joint matching zone characterization need to be screened by the post-explosion forming results. Each hole segment record in the hole segment dataset is read. The hole segment record includes the hole segment sample, the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing, and the post-explosion forming results. The post-explosion forming results include the continuity state of the pre-cracked surface and the post-explosion contour position within the range of the hole segment sample.

[0053] For any borehole segment sample, first read the continuity status of the pre-cracked surface within the borehole arrangement range of the borehole segment sample. The continuity status of the pre-cracked surface is used to record whether there is a disconnect between two adjacent pre-cracked boreholes that cannot be connected. If there is no disconnect within the range of the borehole segment sample, the borehole segment sample meets the condition for continuity of the pre-cracked surface; if there is a disconnect within the range of the borehole segment sample, the borehole segment sample does not meet the condition for continuity of the pre-cracked surface.

[0054] After determining the continuity condition of the pre-splitting surface, the post-blast contour position within the borehole orifice arrangement range of the borehole segment sample is read, and the post-blast contour position is compared with the corresponding range of the design slope toe. The corresponding range of the design slope toe is the allowable forming range of the current borehole segment sample on the slope contour control line. The corresponding range of the design slope toe is jointly determined by the design slope contour line, the design slope toe, and the borehole orifice arrangement range of the borehole segment sample. Specifically, the design slope contour line within the borehole orifice arrangement range of the borehole segment sample is taken as the design contour control segment, and the post-blast contour position is compared with the design contour control segment. If the post-blast contour position falls within the allowable detection range of the design contour control segment, it is considered not to have deviated from the corresponding range of the design slope toe. The allowable detection range is determined according to the allowable deviation of the slope contour in the engineering design documents or post-blast acceptance records. When all post-blast contour positions are within the corresponding range of the design slope toe, the borehole segment sample meets the contour repositioning condition; when any post-blast contour position deviates from the corresponding range of the design slope toe, the borehole segment sample does not meet the contour repositioning condition.

[0055] When a sample of the same borehole segment simultaneously meets both the pre-crack surface continuity condition and the contour alignment condition, the borehole segment sample is extracted as a qualified borehole segment. When a sample of the same borehole segment does not meet either the pre-crack surface continuity condition or the contour alignment condition, the borehole segment sample is not included in the qualified borehole segment. After reading all borehole segment records, a set of qualified borehole segments is formed from all qualified borehole segments. The qualified borehole segments obtained in this way have both continuous seam formation and contour alignment constraints, avoiding the inclusion of seam-broken or contour-deviation-off borehole segments in the seam-matching zone characterization based solely on a single inspection result.

[0056] When the set of qualified borehole segments is empty, the ultra-deep spatial characteristics of the borehole spacing corresponding to the current bench blasting design parameters are used as the initial joint matching zone characterization, and the current borehole segment dataset is marked as insufficient qualified samples. After obtaining qualified borehole segments, the joint matching zone characterization formed by the qualified borehole segments is used to replace the initial joint matching zone characterization.

[0057] S302. Collection of ultra-deep spatial features of borehole spacing at the same depth position: After the set of qualified formed hole segments is formed, the spatial characteristics of hole spacing and ultra-deep space in different qualified formed hole segments need to be compared at the same hole depth position. The hole depth position sequence formed in step S2 is read, and hole depth positions are selected one by one in order from the hole opening to the hole bottom. For each hole depth position, a qualified formed hole segment with both equivalent hole spacing and effective ultra-deep space is searched from the set of qualified formed hole segments; if a qualified formed hole segment lacks an equivalent hole spacing or effective ultra-deep space at the current hole depth position, the current qualified formed hole segment is not included in the collection of the current hole depth position.

[0058] For the same hole depth location, read the hole spacing over-depth spatial points of all qualified formed hole segments participating in the aggregation. The hole spacing over-depth spatial points are formed by step S2, and include the equivalent hole spacing and effective over-depth at the same hole depth location. Arrange all equivalent hole spacings at the current hole depth location separately to obtain the lowest and highest equivalent hole spacing values; arrange all effective over-depths at the current hole depth location separately to obtain the lowest and highest effective over-depth values.

[0059] The minimum and maximum equivalent hole spacing values ​​form the equivalent hole spacing boundary at the current hole depth position, while the minimum and maximum effective over-depth values ​​form the effective over-depth boundary at the current hole depth position. If there is no qualified hole segment at the current hole depth position that simultaneously possesses both equivalent hole spacing and effective over-depth, then the current hole depth position does not form a boundary and is not included in the seam matching zone characterization. If only one qualified hole segment participates in the aggregation at the current hole depth position, then the minimum and maximum equivalent hole spacing values ​​are the same, and the minimum and maximum effective over-depth values ​​are the same, forming a single-point boundary at the current hole depth position. After this sub-step processing, the discrete hole spacing over-depth spatial points of the qualified hole segments are converted into boundary data arranged according to hole depth position, and the seam matching zone characterization has a clear data source.

[0060] S303, single-band type of seam matching band characterization: After obtaining the boundaries for the same hole depth positions, the equivalent hole spacing boundary and effective over-depth boundary for each hole depth position are combined to form the seam matching zone position. The seam matching zone position represents the range of over-depth hole spacing values ​​that can correspond to the qualified hole segment at the current hole depth position. When the equivalent hole spacing is between the lowest and highest equivalent hole spacing values, and the effective over-depth is between the lowest and highest effective over-depth values, the over-depth hole spacing spatial point falls within the seam matching zone position of the current hole depth position; when the equivalent hole spacing exceeds the equivalent hole spacing boundary or the effective over-depth exceeds the effective over-depth boundary, the over-depth hole spacing spatial point falls outside the seam matching zone position of the current hole depth position.

[0061] The single-band form refers to the formation of only one continuous seam matching zone position at each hole depth location, rather than being split into multiple dispersed ranges at the same hole depth location. The seam matching zone position is formed only by the actual values ​​of the formed qualified hole segments at the current hole depth location; hole segment samples not included in the aggregation will not change the boundary. Arranging all seam matching zone positions in order from the hole opening to the hole bottom according to the hole depth location yields the seam matching zone characterization.

[0062] In one embodiment, the borehole segment dataset contains multiple borehole segment samples. After screening based on the post-burst forming results, neither the first nor the second borehole segment samples have pre-cracked break points, and their post-burst contour positions do not deviate from the corresponding range of the design slope toe. Therefore, the first and second borehole segment samples are included in the set of qualified formed borehole segments. Although the third borehole segment sample's post-burst contour position does not deviate from the corresponding range of the design slope toe, it has pre-cracked break points, so it is not included in the set of qualified formed borehole segments. Subsequently, the borehole distance ultra-deep spatial points of the first and second borehole segment samples are read at the same borehole depth, obtaining two equivalent borehole distance values ​​and two effective ultra-deep values ​​respectively. The lower of the two equivalent borehole distance values ​​is taken as the minimum equivalent borehole distance value, and the higher value is taken as the maximum equivalent borehole distance value. Similarly, the lower of the two effective ultra-deep values ​​is taken as the minimum effective ultra-deep value, and the higher value is taken as the maximum effective ultra-deep value, forming the joint matching zone position at the current borehole depth position. After processing other borehole depth positions in the same way, the joint matching zone characterization arranged along the borehole depth direction is obtained. In this way, the slit matching zone characterization only reflects the ultra-deep spatial range of the hole spacing of the already formed qualified hole segments, and the hole segment samples with broken slits will not enter the boundary formation process.

[0063] After step S3 is completed, the qualified hole segments have been extracted from the hole segment dataset. The ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the qualified hole segments have been grouped into a single-band slit matching band representation according to the same hole depth position. Step S4 can align the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the hole segment sample to be corrected with the slit matching band representation at the same hole depth position.

[0064] Detailed implementation of step S4: Step S3 has formed a single-band slit matching band characterization, which records the equivalent hole spacing boundary and effective ultra-deep boundary of the qualified hole segments at the same hole depth position. Step S4 takes the hole segment sample to be corrected as the processing object, puts the hole spacing ultra-deep spatial features into the slit matching band characterization point by point for comparison, obtains the matching deviation sequence arranged along the hole depth direction, and determines whether the hole segment sample to be corrected is split into a subset of corrected hole segments based on whether the matching deviation sequence shows opposite cross-out structures separated by the position within the band.

[0065] S401, Formation of alignment and matching deviation sequence at the same hole depth position: The hole segment sample to be corrected is the hole segment sample in the hole segment dataset that has not entered the set of qualified formed hole segments; when it is necessary to review the qualified formed hole segments, the qualified formed hole segments can also be used as the hole segment sample to be corrected in step S4.

[0066] The ultra-deep spatial features of the borehole spacing of the sample to be corrected are formed in step S2, and the slit matching zone characterization is formed in step S3. Only by comparing them at the same borehole depth can we ensure that the equivalent borehole spacing corresponds to the equivalent borehole spacing boundary, and the effective ultra-deep dimension corresponds to the effective ultra-deep dimension boundary. First, the ultra-deep spatial features of the borehole spacing of the sample to be corrected are read, then the slit matching zone characterization is read. Borehole depth positions where both are recorded are retained. Borehole depth positions lacking ultra-deep spatial features or slit matching zone positions are not included in this comparison step.

[0067] For each retained hole depth position, the equivalent hole distance and effective over-depth of the hole segment sample to be corrected at that hole depth position are read. Simultaneously, the minimum, maximum, minimum, and maximum effective over-depth values ​​of the equivalent hole distance, representing the slit matching zone, are read at the same hole depth position. When the equivalent hole distance is lower than the minimum equivalent hole distance value, it is recorded as "equivalent hole distance below the lower boundary," and the difference between the minimum and maximum equivalent hole distance values ​​is used as the equivalent hole distance over-proportion. When the equivalent hole distance is higher than the maximum equivalent hole distance value, it is recorded as "equivalent hole distance above the upper boundary," and the difference between the minimum and maximum equivalent hole distance values ​​is used as the equivalent hole distance over-proportion. When the equivalent hole distance is between the minimum and maximum equivalent hole distance values, the equivalent hole distance over-proportion is recorded as zero.

[0068] When the effective super-depth is lower than the minimum effective super-depth value, it is recorded as the effective super-depth being lower than the lower boundary, and the difference between the minimum effective super-depth value and the effective super-depth is taken as the effective super-depth overshoot amount; when the effective super-depth is higher than the maximum effective super-depth value, it is recorded as the effective super-depth being higher than the upper boundary, and the difference between the effective super-depth being lower than the maximum effective super-depth is taken as the effective super-depth overshoot amount; when the effective super-depth is between the minimum effective super-depth value and the maximum effective super-depth value, the effective super-depth overshoot amount is recorded as zero.

[0069] The equivalent hole spacing crossover record and the effective over-depth crossover record at the same hole depth position together form a matching deviation record. When both the equivalent hole spacing crossover amount and the effective over-depth crossover amount are zero, the hole depth position is recorded as the in-zone position; when either the equivalent hole spacing crossover amount or the effective over-depth crossover amount is not zero, the hole depth position is recorded as the crossover position, and the crossover boundary name, crossover direction, and crossover amount are saved in the matching deviation record. All matching deviation records are arranged from the hole opening to the hole bottom according to the hole depth position, forming a matching deviation sequence. After this sub-step processing, the spatial deviation state of the hole segment sample to be corrected relative to the slit matching zone is organized into a sequence data that can be read point by point, with clear records of the crossover source and crossover distance.

[0070] S402. Identification of split segments and determination of intra-band location boundaries: After the matching deviation sequence is formed, it is necessary to determine whether the crossover positions in the hole depth direction belong to the same deviation region. The matching deviation sequence is read along the hole depth direction, and consecutive crossover positions without intermediate positions are merged into a single crossover segment. Each crossover segment retains the crossover boundary name, crossover direction, and crossover amount for each hole depth position, without mixing equivalent hole spacing crossovers and effective over-depth crossovers into a single direction.

[0071] If there is at least one in-zone position between two spanning sections, then compare the spanning directions of the two spanning sections. If the equivalent hole spacing in the first spanning section is below the lower boundary, and the equivalent hole spacing in the second spanning section is above the upper boundary, or if the equivalent hole spacing in the first spanning section is above the upper boundary, and the equivalent hole spacing in the second spanning section is below the lower boundary, then it is determined that the two spanning sections have opposite spanning directions at the equivalent hole spacing boundary. If the effective over-depth in the first spanning section is below the lower boundary, and the effective over-depth in the second spanning section is above the upper boundary, or if the effective over-depth in the first spanning section is above the upper boundary, and the effective over-depth in the second spanning section is below the lower boundary, then it is determined that the two spanning sections have opposite spanning directions at the effective over-depth boundary.

[0072] When there are opposite crossovers and in-band positions between the two crossover segments, a split segment exists in the matching deviation sequence. The continuous in-band positions between the two crossover segments are used as a whole as a boundary. This boundary is only used to split the samples of the aperture segment to be corrected and is not written into the sub-range corresponding to any crossover segment. If there are no in-band positions between the two crossover segments, or if the two crossover segments are separated by in-band positions but have different crossover boundary types and there are no opposite crossovers of the same boundary type, then the matching deviation sequence does not form a split segment.

[0073] In one embodiment, the sample of the hole segment to be corrected exhibits an equivalent hole distance higher than the upper boundary at a hole depth position near the hole opening, followed by several hole depth positions that are within the band, and an equivalent hole distance lower than the lower boundary at a hole depth position near the hole bottom. There is an within-band position between two outgoing segments, and both outgoing segments correspond to equivalent hole distance boundaries, with the outgoing directions pointing outwards from the upper and lower boundaries, respectively. The matching deviation sequence is identified as having a split segment. If an equivalent hole distance higher than the upper boundary occurs at a hole depth position near the hole opening, and an effective over-depth lower than the lower boundary occurs at a hole depth position near the hole bottom, even if there are within-band positions between them, they are not considered opposite outgoing segments of the same boundary type.

[0074] Through this sub-step processing, the split segment is jointly defined by the opposite crossover of the same boundary type and the position within the intermediate zone, avoiding misjudging different types of deviations as opposite crossovers and also avoiding incorrectly splitting continuous deviations.

[0075] S403. The sample of the hole segment to be corrected is split and a subset of corrected hole segments is formed: After the split segment identification is completed, a corrected hole segment subset is formed according to the structure of the matching deviation sequence. If a split segment exists in the matching deviation sequence, the continuous band position between two cross-segments in the split segment is used as the boundary to split the hole segment sample into non-overlapping sub-ranges along the hole depth direction. The cross-segment near the hole opening and its adjacent cross-segment position are assigned to one sub-range, and the cross-segment near the hole bottom and its adjacent cross-segment position are assigned to another sub-range. The continuous band position serving as the boundary is not assigned to any sub-range. The sub-range stores the hole depth position, matching deviation record, cross-segment direction, and cross-segment amount, forming the sub-items in the corrected hole segment subset.

[0076] If no split segment exists in the matching deviation sequence, retain the complete hole depth range of the sample hole segment to be corrected, and include the complete hole depth range as a sub-item in the corrected hole segment subset. If the matching deviation sequence consists entirely of in-band positions, the complete hole depth range is still included as a sub-item in the corrected hole segment subset, with zero overshoot within the sub-item. If a split segment exists but a sub-range after splitting does not contain an overshoot position, delete the sub-range that does not contain an overshoot position, and retain the sub-range that does contain an overshoot position.

[0077] Through this sub-step processing, each item in the modified hole segment subset corresponds to a clearly defined hole depth range and matching deviation record. Conversely, crossovers are saved separately, single crossovers are saved as a whole, and in-band states are retained as zero crossover records. This allows step S5 to calculate the joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth based on the modified hole segment subset, without merging deviations in different directions into the same correction object.

[0078] After step S4 is completed, the spatial characteristics of the hole spacing and ultra-deep space of the hole segment sample to be corrected have been aligned with the hole depth position of the slit matching zone characterization. The matching deviation sequence has recorded the name, direction and amount of the boundary crossing. The split segment has been divided into boundaries according to the position within the zone. The resulting subset of corrected hole segments can be directly used in step S5 to calculate the joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-deep space.

[0079] Detailed implementation of step S5: Step S4 converts the sample of hole segments to be corrected into a subset of corrected hole segments, and saves the matching deviation sequence, the name of the boundary crossing, the crossing direction, and the crossing amount in the subset of corrected hole segments. Step S5 takes the subset of corrected hole segments as the object, converts the crossing amount into a joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth, and maps the joint correction amount back to the spatial relationship of the hole axis for verification, ensuring that the output result corresponds to the spatial deviation within the same hole depth range.

[0080] S501, Calculation of the combined correction amount for hole spacing and ultra-deep hole: Each sub-item in the modified hole segment subset has a clearly defined hole depth range, and the matching deviation record has been saved for each hole depth position. In order to avoid conflicting correction results from multiple crossover positions in the same sub-item, the modified hole segment subset is read item by item, and within each sub-item, the equivalent hole spacing crossover and effective over-depth crossover are processed according to the crossover boundary name.

[0081] For equivalent hole spacing overshoot, read all equivalent hole spacing overshoot records in the sub-item. When the equivalent hole spacing is lower than the minimum equivalent hole spacing value, the difference between the minimum and the equivalent hole spacing is used as the single-point hole spacing correction amount, which is recorded as the positive hole spacing correction. When the equivalent hole spacing is higher than the maximum equivalent hole spacing value, the difference between the maximum and the equivalent hole spacing is used as the single-point hole spacing correction amount, which is recorded as the negative hole spacing correction. When the equivalent hole spacing is between the minimum and the maximum equivalent hole spacing values, the single-point hole spacing correction amount is recorded as zero. After reading all single-point hole spacing correction amounts, select the single-point hole spacing correction amount with the largest overshoot as the hole spacing correction amount. When there are multiple identical overshoot amounts, select the single-point hole spacing correction amount closest to the middle of the sub-item hole depth range. When the distances from the middle of the sub-item hole depth range are still identical, select the single-point hole spacing correction amount closest to the hole opening.

[0082] For valid over-depth extensions, read all valid over-depth extension records in the sub-item. When the valid over-depth is lower than the minimum valid over-depth value, the difference between the minimum and the valid over-depth is used as the single-point over-depth correction amount, which is recorded as a positive over-depth correction. When the valid over-depth is higher than the maximum valid over-depth value, the difference between the maximum and the valid over-depth is used as the single-point over-depth correction amount, which is recorded as a negative over-depth correction. When the valid over-depth is between the minimum and the maximum valid over-depth values, the single-point over-depth correction amount is recorded as zero. After reading all single-point over-depth correction amounts, determine the over-depth correction amount according to the same selection rules as the hole spacing correction amount. The hole spacing correction amount and the over-depth correction amount together constitute the joint correction amount for hole spacing and over-depth. If there is no equivalent hole spacing extension or no valid over-depth extension in the sub-item, the corresponding correction amount is recorded as zero.

[0083] After processing in this step, the boundary crossing of the modified hole segment subset is converted into a joint correction amount with hole spacing and ultradepth having direction and length. Each part of the joint correction amount comes from the difference between the boundary of the slit matching zone and the sample value of the hole segment to be corrected.

[0084] S502. Joint correction quantity feedback and feedback verification result formation: The joint correction for hole spacing and ultra-depth needs to be verified in the spatial relationship of the hole axis. Read the spatial relationship of the hole axis formed in step S2, as well as the equivalent hole spacing sequence and effective ultra-depth sequence corresponding to the items in the corrected hole segment subset. The reflection process is not a rewriting of the seam matching band representation, but rather the generation of the corrected hole axis spatial relationship within the hole axis spatial relationship. The hole spacing correction is used to change the distance between the two hole axis spatial relationships corresponding to the corrected hole segment subset. During processing, the direction of the line connecting the two hole axis spatial points at the selected crossover position is used as the hole spacing correction direction. Positive hole spacing correction separates the two hole axis spatial relationships along the hole spacing correction direction, while negative hole spacing correction brings them closer together along the same direction. To prevent the middle position of the hole segment sample from being unilaterally pulled, the two hole axis spatial relationships are moved by half the hole spacing correction amount in opposite directions along the hole spacing correction direction. The ultra-depth correction is used to change the hole bottom position in the hole axis spatial relationship. Positive ultra-depth correction extends the hole axis spatial relationship along the hole axis extension direction, while negative ultra-depth correction shortens it along the hole axis extension direction. The corrected hole axis spatial relationship was used to recalculate the equivalent hole spacing sequence and the effective ultra-deep sequence after the recalculation.

[0085] The hole spacing correction is applied to the equivalent hole spacing sequence within the sub-item hole depth range, and the ultra-depth correction is applied to the effective ultra-depth sequence within the same hole depth range, resulting in the reflected equivalent hole spacing sequence and the reflected effective ultra-depth sequence. Positive hole spacing correction increases the equivalent hole spacing, while negative hole spacing correction decreases it. Similarly, positive ultra-depth correction increases the effective ultra-depth, while negative ultra-depth correction decreases it.

[0086] After completing the retrospective processing, the retrospective equivalent hole spacing sequence and the retrospective effective ultra-depth sequence are reassembled into the retrospective hole spacing ultra-depth spatial features, and aligned with the seam matching zone characterization at the same hole depth position. During alignment, the boundary comparison method from step S4 is used to compare the retrospective equivalent hole spacing with the equivalent hole spacing boundary at each hole depth position, and to compare the retrospective effective ultra-depth with the effective ultra-depth boundary. The name, direction, and amount of the retrospective boundary are then re-recorded. All retrospective matching deviation records are arranged according to the hole depth direction to form the retrospective verification results.

[0087] A single-band feedback verification result means that there are no opposite boundary types separated by positions within the band within the sub-item hole depth range. A feedback verification result falling within the seam matching band characteristic means that the equivalent hole distance after feedback for each sub-item hole depth range is between the lowest and highest equivalent hole distance values ​​for the corresponding hole depth position, and the effective over-depth after feedback is between the lowest and highest effective over-depth values ​​for the corresponding hole depth position. When the feedback verification result is a single-band feedback and falls within the seam matching band characteristic, the joint correction amount for hole distance and over-depth is output.

[0088] In one embodiment, a sub-item in a certain modified hole segment subset exhibits an equivalent hole spacing higher than the highest equivalent hole spacing value at three hole depth positions near the hole bottom, with overshoots of 0.18 meters, 0.24 meters, and 0.16 meters, respectively. The effective over-depth is located between the lowest and highest effective over-depth values. The hole spacing correction is taken as the reverse hole spacing correction corresponding to the largest overshoot of 0.24 meters, and the over-depth correction is zero. After applying the reverse hole spacing correction to the equivalent hole spacing sequence within the hole depth range of the sub-item, it is re-compared with the seam matching zone characterization. If the reflected equivalent hole spacing at the three hole depth positions is within the equivalent hole spacing boundary, the reflected verification result falls into the seam matching zone characterization, and the joint correction of hole spacing and over-depth is used as the output of this sub-item.

[0089] S503, Step-out position feedback and correction hole segment subset boundary update: When the feedback verification result is not a single band, or the feedback verification result does not fall within the seam matching band characterization, it indicates that there are still remaining crossover positions in the current sub-item that cannot be covered by the joint correction amount of the current hole spacing and ultra-depth. At this time, all remaining crossover positions in the feedback verification result are read, and continuous remaining crossover positions are merged into remaining crossover segments along the hole depth direction. The crossover boundary name, crossover direction, and crossover amount of each remaining crossover segment are recorded.

[0090] For the remaining span, read the nearest in-band position on the front and rear sides of the remaining span. If an in-band position exists on the front side of the remaining span, that position is used as the new starting boundary; if no in-band position exists on the front side of the remaining span, the endpoint of the sub-hole is used as the new starting boundary. If an in-band position exists on the rear side of the remaining span, that position is used as the new ending boundary; if no in-band position exists on the rear side of the remaining span, the endpoint of the sub-hole bottom is used as the new ending boundary. The hole depth range between the new starting boundary and the new ending boundary forms the updated corrected hole segment subset boundary. In-band positions outside the boundary are not included in the feedback correction calculation.

[0091] If multiple remaining spans exist within the same sub-item, the remaining span with the largest span is selected first to update the boundary of the corrected hole segment subset. If remaining spans with the same span exist simultaneously, the remaining span closer to the bottom of the hole is selected to update the boundary of the corrected hole segment subset. After the updated boundary of the corrected hole segment subset is determined, the matching deviation sequence is reread within the new hole depth range, and the hole spacing correction and ultra-depth correction are recalculated according to the processing method of S501 to obtain the joint correction of hole spacing and ultra-depth after feedback correction. The joint correction of hole spacing and ultra-depth after feedback correction only corresponds to the hole depth range that still extends beyond the specified range; hole depth positions that have already fallen into the seam matching zone are no longer included in the correction calculation.

[0092] After the combined correction amount of the feedback-corrected hole spacing and the ultra-deep depth is formed, the feedback verification result is regenerated according to S502. When the regenerated feedback verification result is a single band and falls into the joint matching band characterization, the combined correction amount of the feedback-corrected hole spacing and the ultra-deep depth is output. When the regenerated feedback verification result still has remaining crossover positions, the combined correction amount of the feedback-corrected hole spacing and the ultra-deep depth is output and the remaining crossover positions are marked simultaneously for construction personnel to verify the hole position, drilling inclination angle and hole depth records.

[0093] After step S5 is completed, the matching deviation sequence in the corrected hole segment subset has been converted into the joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth, and the hole axis spatial relationship is reflected to form the reflection verification result; when the reflection verification result does not meet the output conditions, the step-out position is used to update the boundary of the corrected hole segment subset, and the joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth after feedback correction is obtained.

[0094] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes at ultra-deep depths, characterized in that, include: Acquire the on-site multi-source data of the current bench pre-splitting blasting, arrange the pre-splitting holes according to the projection coordinates of the slope outline, form adjacent pre-splitting holes into hole segment samples and bind them to the post-blasting forming results to obtain the hole segment dataset; Based on the hole segment dataset, the spatial relationship of the hole axis of the hole segment samples is reconstructed. An equivalent hole spacing sequence and an effective ultra-deep sequence relative to the design slope foot are generated at the same hole depth position to obtain the spatial characteristics of hole spacing ultra-deep. Extract qualified formed hole segments from the hole segment dataset, and group the ultra-deep spatial features of the hole spacing of the qualified formed hole segments into a single-band form of slit matching band characterization according to the same hole depth position; The hole segment samples that have not entered the qualified hole segment in the hole segment dataset are taken as the hole segment samples to be corrected. The hole spacing ultra-deep spatial features of the hole segment samples to be corrected are aligned with the seam matching zone characterization at the same hole depth position to form a matching deviation sequence. When there are split segments in the matching deviation sequence with opposite cross-out directions and separated by the inner position, the inner position is used as the boundary to split the hole segment samples to be corrected. When the matching deviation sequence does not have a split segment, the sample of the hole segment to be corrected is retained to obtain the subset of the corrected hole segments; The joint correction amount of hole spacing and ultra-depth is calculated based on the matching deviation sequence in the modified hole segment subset. The joint correction amount is then mapped back to the spatial relationship of the hole axis to form the mapping verification result. When the mapping verification result is a single band and falls into the characterization of the joint matching band, the joint correction amount is output. When the feedback verification result does not simultaneously meet the characteristics of a single band and falling into the matching band of the joint, the boundary of the modified hole segment subset is updated with the crossover position in the feedback verification result to obtain the joint correction amount after feedback correction.

2. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-splitting holes are arranged according to the projected coordinates of the slope outline, including: When the slope outline is composed of multiple continuous line segments, determine the candidate projection position from the orifice position to each continuous line segment; When the foot of the perpendicular from the orifice to the continuous line segment is inside the continuous line segment, the foot of the perpendicular is used as the candidate projection position. When the foot of the perpendicular from the orifice to the continuous line segment is outside the continuous line segment, the endpoint of the continuous line segment closest to the orifice is taken as the candidate projection position. The candidate projection position with the shortest spatial distance from the orifice is selected as the projection position of the orifice on the slope outline. When there are candidate projection positions with the same spatial distance, the candidate projection position with the smaller cumulative length along the slope outline is selected, and the cumulative length along the line from the starting position of the slope outline to the projection position is used as the projection coordinate.

3. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reconstruction of the spatial relationship of the hole axis includes: Read the borehole positions, drilling inclination angles, borehole depths, and design slope toes of two adjacent pre-splitting holes contained in the borehole segment sample; The position of the pre-cracked hole opening is taken as the starting point of the spatial relationship of the hole axis; According to the projection coordinates of the orifice position on the slope outline, obtain the corresponding point of the design slope toe on the design slope toe; The direction from the borehole opening to the corresponding point of the designed slope toe is taken as the initial direction for entering the slope, and the borehole inclination angle is used to constrain the inclination of the initial direction relative to the construction reference surface, thus forming the borehole axis direction; The hole axis extends from the hole opening along the hole axis direction to the corresponding position of the hole depth, forming a spatial line segment from the hole opening to the bottom of the hole.

4. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching zone of the seam is characterized by the minimum equivalent hole spacing, the maximum equivalent hole spacing, the minimum effective over-depth, and the maximum effective over-depth of the qualified hole segments at the same hole depth. Each hole depth position forms only one continuous slit matching zone position, and all slit matching zone positions are arranged in the hole depth direction; The lowest equivalent hole spacing value corresponds to the lower boundary of the equivalent hole spacing, and the highest equivalent hole spacing value corresponds to the upper boundary of the equivalent hole spacing. The lowest effective over-depth value corresponds to the lower boundary of the effective over-depth, and the highest effective over-depth value corresponds to the upper boundary of the effective over-depth. The identification of split segments is only performed within the same boundary type. Equivalent hole spacing below the lower boundary of equivalent hole spacing and equivalent hole spacing above the upper boundary of equivalent hole spacing constitute opposite crossovers. Effective over-depth below the lower boundary of effective over-depth and effective over-depth above the upper boundary of effective over-depth constitute opposite crossovers. A split segment is formed when there is an in-band position between two cross-segments and opposite cross-segments of the same boundary type. A split segment is not formed when there is no in-band position between two cross-segments or opposite cross-segments of the same boundary type.

5. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample of adjacent pre-cracked holes is combined with the post-burst forming results, including: When the post-blasting forming result is a measuring point, the measuring point is projected onto the slope outline to obtain the projected coordinates of the measuring point, and the measuring point is assigned to the hole segment sample where the projected coordinates are located. When the post-explosion forming result is a continuous detection segment and the continuous detection segment is completely located within the orifice arrangement range of a hole segment sample, the continuous detection segment is classified into the hole segment sample. When a continuous detection segment crosses the boundary of more than one well segment sample, the continuous detection segment is divided according to the boundary of all well segment samples passed by the continuous detection segment, and the divided detection segments are assigned to the corresponding well segment samples respectively. When the on-site records cannot support segmentation, the assignment is determined according to the length of the continuous detection segment along the line within each well segment sample. If the lengths of the occupied lines are the same, the well segment sample with the earlier arrangement order is assigned.

6. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes at ultra-deep depths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction of qualified formed hole segments from the hole segment dataset includes: When there are no break points within the sample range of the hole segment, and the post-explosion contour positions are all within the range corresponding to the design slope foot, the hole segment sample is extracted as a qualified formed hole segment. When there is a break in the hole segment sample range, the hole segment sample will not enter the qualified hole segment; when any post-explosion contour position deviates from the corresponding range of the design slope foot, the hole segment sample will not enter the qualified hole segment. A set of qualified formed hole segments is composed of qualified formed hole segments; When the set of qualified hole segments is empty, the ultra-deep spatial characteristics of the hole spacing corresponding to the current pre-splitting blasting design parameters of the step are used as the initial fracture matching zone characterization, and the current hole segment dataset is marked as having insufficient qualified samples. Once a qualified hole segment is obtained, the initial joint matching zone characterization is replaced with the joint matching zone characterization formed by the qualified hole segment.

7. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, Updating and correcting the boundary of the hole segment subset based on the crossover position in the feedback verification results includes: Read the remaining span positions from the feedback verification results, and merge the continuous remaining span positions into a remaining span segment along the hole depth direction; Use the sub-items in the subset of corrected hole segments containing the remaining overhang segments as boundary update objects; Read the nearest in-band position on the front side and the nearest in-band position on the back side of the remaining crossover segment; If there is an inner position on the front side of the remaining cross-section, the inner position on the front side is used as the new starting boundary; if there is no inner position on the front side of the remaining cross-section, the end point of the orifice side of the boundary update object is used as the new starting boundary. If there is an inner position behind the remaining cross section, the inner position behind the cross section is used as the new termination boundary; if there is no inner position behind the remaining cross section, the bottom end point of the hole of the boundary update object is used as the new termination boundary. The matching deviation sequence is reread between the new starting boundary and the new ending boundary, and the joint correction amount after feedback correction is recalculated.

8. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The borehole segment dataset consists of borehole segment records summarized in order of arrangement according to the slope outline; Each borehole segment record includes a borehole segment sample, two adjacent pre-splitting holes that make up the borehole segment sample, construction data of the two adjacent pre-splitting holes, the hole spacing corresponding to the borehole segment sample, and the post-blast forming results included in the borehole segment sample. Construction data is used to reconstruct the spatial relationship of the borehole axis and generate ultra-deep spatial features of the borehole spacing; The hole segment record is bound to the hole orifice arrangement range of the hole segment sample and the post-explosion forming result.

9. The method for optimizing the spacing of pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching deviation sequence consists of matching deviation records arranged from the borehole opening to the bottom of the borehole according to the borehole depth position; Each matching deviation record includes the equivalent hole spacing crossover record and the effective over-depth crossover record at the same hole depth position; When both the equivalent hole spacing and the effective over-depth spacing are zero, the hole depth position is recorded as the position within the zone. When there is a non-zero extension between the equivalent hole spacing and the effective over-depth extension, the hole depth position is recorded as the extension position, and the extension boundary name, extension direction and extension amount are saved in the matching deviation record.

10. The method for optimizing the spacing of ultra-deep pre-splitting blasting holes in a stepped structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback verification results are formed by arranging the matching deviation records after feedback according to the hole depth direction; The matching deviation record after the mapping includes the name of the boundary crossing, the direction of crossing, and the amount of crossing after the mapping. After the combined correction amount is formed based on the feedback, the feedback verification result is regenerated; When the regenerated feedback verification result is a single band and falls into the stitch matching band characterization, the output is the joint correction amount after feedback correction. If the regenerated feedback verification result still has remaining crossover positions, output the joint correction amount after feedback correction and simultaneously mark the remaining crossover positions.

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