Transformer heat dissipation mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a transformer heat dissipation mechanism, relates to the technical field of transformer heat dissipation, and is used for a heat dissipation device installed on a transformer. The heat dissipation device comprises a liquid cooling mechanism, heat dissipation fins, an air cooling mechanism and a gas-liquid flow driving mechanism. The heat dissipation fins are installed on the outer side of the transformer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat dissipation fins are respectively provided with a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid outlet pipeline which are communicated with the inner cavity of the transformer. The gas-liquid linkage integrated heat dissipation structure is adopted, the circulating flow kinetic energy generated by the temperature difference of the insulating heat conducting oil with excessively high internal temperature in the working process of the transformer and the driving of the pump body is utilized to drive the gas-liquid flow driving mechanism to operate, and then the gas-liquid flow driving mechanism drives the liquid cooling mechanism and the air cooling mechanism simultaneously, so that the heat dissipation effect is improved. When the temperature is not too high, the liquid cooling mechanism can also play a cooling effect through circulation, and meanwhile, the normal flow of the insulating heat conducting oil is not affected, and the influence on the normal heat dissipation of the insulating heat conducting oil is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a transformer heat dissipation mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Power transformers are core equipment in power transmission and distribution systems, and their operational safety and stability directly determine the reliability of the power grid. During operation under load, the hysteresis loss, eddy current loss of the core, and copper loss of the windings continuously convert into heat, causing the temperature of the internal insulating oil to rise steadily. If this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and promptly, it will accelerate the deterioration of the insulating oil, shorten the service life of the insulation materials, and prolonged operation at high temperatures may even lead to serious equipment failures such as insulation breakdown and winding burnout. Therefore, the heat dissipation system is a crucial component in ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers.

[0003] The most widely used heat dissipation methods for transformers are oil-immersed self-cooling and oil-immersed air-cooling structures. Both rely on the temperature difference convection of insulating heat-conducting oil to transfer internal heat to external heat dissipation fins. The flow of insulating heat-conducting oil mainly depends on two methods: the heated oil expands in volume and decreases in density, causing it to float, while the lower-temperature oil at the top sinks due to its higher density, forming a bottom-up natural circulation flow field (natural convection). Alternatively, it can be supplemented by an oil pump to achieve forced oil circulation. Then, the heat exchange between the fins and the environment is completed through natural air convection or forced air blowing by a fan.

[0004] To improve the heat dissipation of transformers, existing technologies have also introduced improved solutions by adding an independent liquid cooling system and an electric dust removal device. By additionally configuring components such as a coolant circulation pump, an air compressor, and an electric lifting and blowing mechanism, the functions of enhanced liquid cooling heat exchange and automatic dust removal of fins are respectively achieved.

[0005] The liquid cooling, air cooling, and dust removal systems are each equipped with independent power sources, resulting in a complex overall system structure, high equipment costs, and a large number of electrical power components being exposed to the strong electromagnetic and high-temperature environment of the transformer for extended periods, leading to low operational reliability and difficulty in fault maintenance. Furthermore, the lack of a linkage and adjustment mechanism between the various heat dissipation subsystems means that the liquid cooling flow rate and air cooling air volume cannot be adaptively and collaboratively matched according to the transformer oil temperature, which can easily lead to a mismatch between heat dissipation power and heat load, making it difficult to balance heat dissipation effect and operating energy consumption.

[0006] The heat dissipation capacity is fixed, and it is impossible to dynamically adjust the heat dissipation power according to the transformer load fluctuations and oil temperature changes. Under low load conditions, it is easy to cause ineffective energy consumption, while under high load and high temperature conditions, it is difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements, which can easily lead to transformer overheating. Secondly, for transformers installed in outdoor environments, dust, catkins, and other debris easily accumulate on the surface and gaps of their heat dissipation fins, which significantly increases the thermal resistance of the fins and blocks the air circulation channels, resulting in a significant decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. Manual dust cleaning is not only costly to maintain, but also poses safety risks of working at height and working with live wires. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a transformer heat dissipation mechanism to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a transformer heat dissipation mechanism that can simultaneously achieve liquid cooling and air cooling without adding an additional electrical power source, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the transformer.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a transformer heat dissipation mechanism, used for a heat dissipation device installed on a transformer, the heat dissipation device including a liquid cooling mechanism, heat dissipation fins, an air cooling mechanism, and a gas-liquid flow driving mechanism: The heat dissipation fins are installed on the outside of the transformer, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet ends of the heat dissipation fins are respectively equipped with liquid inlet pipes and liquid outlet pipes that communicate with the inner cavity of the transformer. The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is installed on the outside of the heat dissipation device and inserted into the inside of the liquid inlet pipe. The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is driven when the transformer oil flows along the liquid inlet pipe. The liquid cooling mechanism is installed on the transformer. The liquid cooling mechanism includes a heat conduction part extending into the inside of the transformer and a liquid storage tank located on the outside of the transformer. The liquid inlet end of the heat conduction part and the liquid outlet end of the liquid storage tank are both connected to the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism. When the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is driven, the coolant inside the liquid storage tank is drawn and pushed into the heat conduction part. The air-cooling mechanism is located on the outside of the transformer and is connected to the liquid-cooling mechanism and the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism. When the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is running, gas is introduced into the air-cooling mechanism, which increases the internal air pressure of the air-cooling mechanism. This causes the air-cooling mechanism to spray high-pressure gas to clean the heat dissipation fins and drive the gas flow. When the air pressure of the air-cooling mechanism rises or falls, it drives the liquid-cooling mechanism to change the maximum liquid flow rate.

[0009] Optionally, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism includes an outer frame, an impeller, a crankshaft, and a push-pull structure; The outer frame is mounted on the transformer, and the crankshaft is rotated inside the outer frame. The impeller is installed inside the liquid inlet pipe and is coaxially connected to the crankshaft. When the transformer oil passes through, it drives the impeller and the crankshaft to rotate synchronously. Multiple push-pull structures are provided and installed on the lower part of the outer frame. Driven by the crankshaft, they push the coolant in the liquid cooling mechanism and the gas in the air cooling mechanism to flow.

[0010] Optionally, the push-pull structure includes a swing arm, a sealed outer cylinder, a sealed lifting plate, and a lifting rod; The sealed outer cylinder is connected to both the liquid cooling mechanism and the air cooling mechanism; The sealing lifting plate is slidably installed inside the sealing outer cylinder. A sealing plug that contacts the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder is embedded on the outside of the sealing lifting plate. The lifting rod is installed on the top of the sealing lifting plate and extends upward to the outside of the sealing outer cylinder. The swing arm is hinged to the top of the lifting rod and fitted onto the outside of the crankshaft. When the crankshaft rotates, the swing arm pulls the lifting rod up and down.

[0011] Optionally, two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints are installed on the sealing outer cylinder. The two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints are located above and below the sealing lifting plate, respectively. One-way valves are installed on the two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints. The inlet and outlet pipe joints located below are connected to the liquid cooling mechanism; The inlet and outlet pipe joints located at the top are connected to the air-cooling mechanism.

[0012] Optionally, the storage tank is equipped with an inlet pipe that connects to the outlet of the heat conduction part.

[0013] Optionally, the air-cooling mechanism includes an air storage box and an air-cooled air outlet structure; The air storage box is installed on the outside of the transformer. The air storage box is equipped with multiple air inlet pipes that are connected to the sealed outer cylinder and multiple air outlet pipes that are connected to the air-cooled air outlet structure. The air-cooled exhaust structure is installed on the outside of the transformer and corresponds to the heat dissipation fins.

[0014] Optionally, a shut-off valve is installed at the outlet of the liquid storage tank, and a pressure-driven pipeline connected to the shut-off valve is installed on the outside of the air storage tank.

[0015] Optionally, the multiple pumping structures are divided into two groups, and the two groups of pumping structures pump out and exhaust air asynchronously. The air-cooled air outlet structure includes a flow distribution frame, air pressure nozzles, and support columns. The distribution frame is connected to multiple air outlet ducts; Multiple air pressure nozzles are provided and installed on the flow distribution frame, corresponding to the heat dissipation fins; Two support columns are provided and are symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer to support the shunt frame.

[0016] Optional, multiple suction and push structures can be raised and lowered simultaneously to extract and exhaust air; The air-cooled air outlet structure includes a flow distribution frame, a pressure nozzle, a reciprocating screw, a housing, a nut, a ratchet, a gear, and a drive assembly; There are two reciprocating lead screws, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer; There are two outer casings, which are respectively installed at both ends of the flow divider frame and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw; Both the nut and the gear are installed inside the housing, with the nut screwed onto the outside of the reciprocating screw and the ratchet installed between the nut and the gear. There are two push components, which are slidably mounted inside the splitter frame and extend into the housing to engage with gears.

[0017] Optional, the actuation components include a sealing slide, a compression spring, and a rack: The sealing slide plate is slidably installed inside the diverter frame; the compression spring is installed between the sealing slide plate and the inner end wall of the diverter frame. The sealing slide plate slides to both ends when the air pressure of the diverter frame rises and returns to its original sliding position when the air pressure drops. The rack is installed on the outside of the sealing slide plate and inserted into the housing to mesh with the gear. As the rack slides outward along with the sealing slide plate, it drives the gear to rotate.

[0018] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention adopts an integrated gas-liquid cooling structure. During the operation of the transformer, the internal temperature of the insulating heat-conducting oil is too high. Due to the temperature difference and the kinetic energy of the circulating flow generated by the pump, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is driven to operate. In turn, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism drives the liquid cooling mechanism and the air cooling mechanism at the same time, which improves the heat dissipation effect. When the temperature is not too high, the liquid cooling mechanism can also achieve the cooling effect through circulation, without affecting the normal flow of the insulating heat-conducting oil, thus reducing the impact on the normal heat dissipation of the insulating heat-conducting oil.

[0019] This invention utilizes a gas-liquid linkage transmission mechanism to construct an integrated temperature-flow-airflow regulation system. It can match the optimal heat dissipation power based on changes in the transformer's internal oil temperature. Using the real-time changing air pressure value inside the air-cooling mechanism as a regulation signal, on one hand, the pressure drives the pipeline to control the opening and closing of the outlet valve of the liquid storage tank, regulating the circulation flow of the coolant inside the liquid-cooling mechanism. Under high load and high temperature conditions of the transformer, the system air pressure increases and the coolant flow increases simultaneously, enhancing internal heat exchange and cooling efficiency. Under low load and low temperature conditions, the air pressure decreases and the flow rate adaptively decreases, avoiding ineffective heat dissipation energy consumption. On the other hand, it can drive the air-cooling outlet structure according to air pressure fluctuations to achieve dynamic adjustment of lifting and lowering and airflow, changing the jet coverage and airflow velocity to adapt to different dust accumulation levels and heat dissipation requirements of the heat exchange fins.

[0020] This invention addresses different transformer load conditions and heat dissipation requirements by offering differentiated asynchronous and synchronous extraction and exhaust structures, allowing for flexible adaptation to various heat dissipation scenarios, including conventional loads and high-power, high-load applications. The asynchronous extraction and exhaust mode enables staggered alternation of coolant circulation and high-pressure air supply, resulting in stable airflow and balanced heat dissipation. This is suitable for the continuous heat dissipation conditions of small and medium-sized transformers, preventing equipment vibration and damage caused by excessive medium circulation impact. The synchronous extraction and exhaust mode allows multiple extraction and exhaust structures to operate synchronously, maximizing the efficiency of coolant extraction and air compression. This addresses the heat dissipation needs of transformers located outdoors, where heat sink fins become dirty, leading to high heat loss. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink fin structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air-cooled air outlet structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the push-pull structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the air-cooled air outlet structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 100, liquid cooling mechanism; 110, heat conduction part; 120, liquid storage tank; 121, shut-off valve; 140, liquid inlet pipe; 200. Heat dissipation fins; 210. Liquid inlet pipe; 220. Liquid outlet pipe; 300. Air-cooled mechanism; 310. Air storage box; 311. Pressure-driven pipeline; 320. Air-cooled outlet structure; 321. Diverter frame; 322. Air pressure nozzle; 323. Reciprocating screw; 324. Housing; 325. Nut; 326. Ratchet; 327. Gear; 328. Push assembly; 3281. Sealing slide plate 3; 3282. Compression spring; 3283. Rack 3; 329. Support column; 330. Air inlet pipe; 340. Air outlet pipe; 400. Gas-liquid flow drive mechanism; 410. Outer frame; 420. Impeller; 430. Crankshaft; 440. Pull-out structure; 441. Swing arm; 442. Sealed outer cylinder; 4421. Liquid inlet pipe joint 4; 4422. Liquid outlet pipe joint 4; 443. Sealed lifting plate; 444. Lifting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 This invention provides, for example Figure 1-7 The diagram shows a transformer heat dissipation mechanism, a heat dissipation device installed on a transformer. The heat dissipation device includes a liquid cooling mechanism 100, heat dissipation fins 200, an air cooling mechanism 300, and a gas-liquid flow driving mechanism 400. The heat dissipation fins 200 are bolted to the outside of the transformer and serve as the main external heat dissipation and heat exchange components of the transformer. The inlet and outlet ends of the heat dissipation fins 200 are respectively equipped with inlet pipes 210 and outlet pipes 220 that communicate with the inner cavity of the transformer. Both pipes pass through the pipe interface and communicate with the inner cavity of the transformer, which can realize the directional circulation of insulating heat-conducting oil inside the transformer. This establishes an oil heat exchange path between the transformer body and the external heat dissipation structure, ensuring that the heat inside the transformer can be quickly transferred to the external heat dissipation fins 200 through the oil to complete the initial heat exchange. In addition, oil pumps can be configured on the inlet pipes 210 and outlet pipes 220 to actively extract cold oil from the bottom and pressurize it for injection into the heating area, or extract hot oil from the top and force it to flow through the external cooler (air-cooled / water-cooled) and then reinject it. The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 is installed on the outside of the heat dissipation device and inserted into the inside of the liquid inlet pipe 210. It can contact and sense the oil flow status inside the pipe in real time. When the transformer works and generates heat, it causes the internal insulating heat-conducting oil to generate a temperature difference and circulates along the liquid inlet pipe 210 under the action of the pump. The fluid kinetic energy of the oil can directly drive the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 to run, providing a mechanical power source for subsequent liquid cooling circulation and air cooling boosting. The liquid cooling mechanism 100 is installed on the transformer. The liquid cooling mechanism 100 includes a heat conduction part 110 that extends into the interior of the transformer and can directly contact the high-temperature oil and winding structure, and a liquid storage tank 120 that is bolted to the outside of the transformer for storing and cooling the heat exchange medium. The liquid inlet end of the heat conduction part 110 and the liquid outlet end of the liquid storage tank 120 are both connected to the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 to form a coolant circulation and transportation path. During the operation of the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 driven by the oil fluid, the low-temperature coolant stored in the liquid storage tank 120 is drawn and pushed into the heat conduction part 110 inside the transformer to achieve liquid cooling heat exchange and cooling of the heat source inside the transformer. The air-cooling mechanism 300 is located on the outside of the transformer and is connected to the liquid-cooling mechanism 100 and the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400. During the continuous operation of the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400, normal pressure air can be actively injected into the cavity of the air-cooling mechanism 300 and compressed and pressurized, so that the internal air pressure of the air-cooling mechanism 300 continues to rise and form a high-pressure airflow. Finally, the high-pressure gas is ejected and acts on the surface of the heat dissipation fins 200 and the heat dissipation gaps. On the one hand, it can powerfully blow away various blockages and impurities accumulated on the surface of the heat dissipation fins 200 and clean the heat dissipation fins 200. On the other hand, it can accelerate the convection flow of the air around the heat dissipation fins 200 and help enhance the overall heat dissipation efficiency. Meanwhile, the dynamic air pressure rise and fall changes formed inside the air-cooling mechanism 300 can generate mechanical linkage driving force, which acts in reverse on the flow regulation of the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 120, changing the maximum limit flow of liquid flow inside the liquid cooling mechanism 100, and realizing the matching of liquid cooling power according to the heat dissipation conditions.

[0025] Among them, an integrated gas-liquid linkage heat dissipation structure is adopted. During the operation of the transformer, the internal temperature of the insulating heat-conducting oil is too high. Due to the temperature difference and the kinetic energy of the circulating flow generated by the pump, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 is driven to run. At the same time, the insulating heat-conducting oil can also flow normally, reducing the impact on the normal heat dissipation of the insulating heat-conducting oil.

[0026] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: When improving heat dissipation efficiency, the insulating heat-conducting oil inside the transformer flows out through the liquid inlet pipe 210 and enters the interior of the heat dissipation fins 200. During the flow, it drives the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 to operate, so that the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 draws the coolant inside the liquid storage tank 120 and delivers it to the interior of the heat conduction part 110 to conduct heat with the insulating heat-conducting oil for cooling. At the same time, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 also draws the outside gas and delivers it to the interior of the air-cooling mechanism 300. Inside the air-cooling mechanism 300, the compressed air is sprayed out to clean the heat dissipation fins 200 and accelerate the flow speed of the air around the heat dissipation fins 200.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 4As shown, the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism 400 includes an outer frame 410, an impeller 420, a crankshaft 430, and a push-pull structure 440. The outer frame 410 is bolted to the outside of the transformer, and the crankshaft 430 is rotatably mounted inside the outer frame 410. Both ends of the crankshaft 430 extend to the outside of the outer frame 410. During rotation, it can pull the push-pull structure 440 to perform a push-pull operation. Impeller 420 is installed inside liquid inlet pipe 210 and coaxially connected with crankshaft 430. When the high-temperature insulating heat-conducting oil inside the transformer flows directionally along liquid inlet pipe 210 under the action of temperature difference, the high-speed flowing oil fluid can continuously impact the blades of impeller 420. Relying on fluid potential energy, impeller 420 is driven to rotate at high speed, thereby driving crankshaft 430 to rotate synchronously inside outer frame 410. Multiple push-pull structures 440 are provided and installed on the lower part of the outer frame 410. Relying on the rotational motion of the crankshaft 430 to output mechanical power, under the periodic driving action of the circumferential rotation of the crankshaft 430, multiple push-pull structures 440 are driven to perform reciprocating mechanical motion, and simultaneously complete the power pushing operation of dual media. On the one hand, it drives the low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling mechanism 100 to directionally circulate and ensure continuous heat exchange and cooling inside the transformer. On the other hand, it simultaneously drives the air inside the air cooling mechanism 300 to complete the suction, compression and pressurization delivery, providing an air source for cleaning the heat dissipation fins 200 and assisting in air cooling heat dissipation, realizing the synchronous driving of the liquid cooling and air cooling dual systems by a single power source.

[0028] To accomplish the coolant delivery and air compression, in some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the push-pull structure 440 includes a swing arm 441, a sealed outer cylinder 442, a sealed lifting plate 443, and a lifting rod 444; The sealed outer cylinder 442 is connected to the liquid cooling mechanism 100 and the air cooling mechanism 300. The sealed outer cylinder 442, the liquid cooling mechanism 100 and the air cooling mechanism 300 form a closed connection circuit, providing an independent closed working space for the suction and pushing of coolant and air medium, effectively preventing medium leakage. The sealing lifting plate 443 is slidably installed inside the sealing outer cylinder 442, which can divide the interior of the sealing outer cylinder 442 into two independent sealed chambers, which can independently complete the pumping of liquid cooling medium and air cooling gas respectively without interfering with each other. The sealing lifting plate 443 is embedded with a sealing plug that contacts the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder 442. The sealing plug is always in close contact with the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder 442, which can achieve dynamic zero gap sealing during the sliding process and avoid the problems of medium crossflow and pressure communication between the upper and lower chambers. The lifting rod 444 is installed on the top of the sealing lifting plate 443 and extends upward to the outside of the sealing outer cylinder 442. The swing arm 441 is hinged to the top of the lifting rod 444 and sleeved on the outside of the crankshaft 430. The swing arm 441 is driven to swing periodically by the stroke difference of the crankshaft 430, which in turn pulls the lifting rod 444 to drive the sealing lifting plate 443 to reciprocate up and down along the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder 442. Through mechanical reciprocating compression, the volume and pressure of the upper and lower chambers are changed, and the process of suction, pressurization and pushing of coolant and air medium is continuously completed.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 6 As shown, two inlet pipe joints 4421 and two outlet pipe joints 4422 are installed on the sealing outer cylinder 442. The two inlet pipe joints 4421 and the two outlet pipe joints 4422 are located above and below the sealing lifting plate 443, respectively, and are arranged in the upper cavity area and the lower cavity area of ​​the sealing lifting plate 443, so as to realize the complete partitioning and independent function of the upper and lower cavity pipelines. One-way valves are installed on the two inlet pipe joints 4421 and the two outlet pipe joints 4422 to avoid problems such as medium backflow and pressure backflow during the pipeline transportation of coolant and air, and ensure the pressure stability of the gas-liquid dual circulation system. The inlet pipe joint 4421 and outlet pipe joint 4422 located below are connected to the liquid cooling mechanism 100. During the reciprocating lifting of the sealing lifting plate 443, the negative pressure suction and high pressure push of the low temperature coolant can be completed, providing stable power for the liquid cooling closed-loop circulation. The liquid inlet pipe connector 4421 and the liquid outlet pipe connector 4422 located at the top are connected to the air-cooling mechanism 300, which can simultaneously complete the suction and introduction of ambient air and the compression and pressurization of air, providing an air source for the high-pressure cleaning and forced air cooling of the heat dissipation fins 200.

[0030] Through this layered and zoned pipeline structure design, the coolant circulation and air pressurization operations can be completed simultaneously and independently inside the same sealed outer cylinder 442, and the two media operation processes do not interfere with each other or cross-flow.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 4 As shown, the coolant tank 120 is equipped with a cooler for cooling the coolant. The cooler is completely submerged in the coolant medium stored in the coolant tank 120. It can continuously and rapidly cool the high-temperature coolant that has completed the heat exchange inside the transformer and carries a large amount of waste heat. It can efficiently absorb the heat in the coolant and dissipate it to the outside, ensuring that the circulating coolant can quickly return to a low temperature. The coolant tank 120 is equipped with an inlet pipe 140 that is connected to the outlet end of the heat conduction part 110, forming a complete closed loop coolant circulation path.

[0032] During the operation of the entire equipment, the high-temperature coolant after completing the heat absorption operation inside the transformer can be smoothly returned to the storage tank 120 through the outlet end of the heat conduction part 110 and the inlet pipe 140. After being quickly cooled by the cooler, it can participate in the next round of medium circulation heat dissipation operation, thereby realizing the uninterrupted closed-loop circulation and reuse of the coolant. At the same time, a water pump can be installed on the storage tank 120, and the output power of the water pump remains unchanged.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the air-cooling mechanism 300 includes an air storage box 310 and an air-cooling outlet structure 320, forming an air-cooling system 300 that performs air suction, pressurization and energy storage, and diversion and injection, and works in conjunction with the liquid cooling mechanism 100 to achieve a composite heat dissipation function. The air storage box 310 is bolted to the outside of the transformer. The air storage box 310 is equipped with multiple air inlet pipes 330 that are connected to the sealed outer cylinder 442 and multiple air outlet pipes 340 that are connected to the air-cooled air outlet structure 320. The air inlet pipes 330 can introduce the air drawn by the extraction structure 440 into the air storage box 310 to complete energy storage and pressure stabilization. The high-pressure gas after pressure stabilization inside the air storage box 310 is evenly delivered to the air-cooled air outlet structure 320 to ensure balanced air outlet pressure throughout the entire area. The air-cooled exhaust structure 320 is installed on the outside of the transformer and corresponds to the heat dissipation fins 200. The spray working surface is directly opposite the heat dissipation surface and heat dissipation gap of the heat dissipation fins 200. It can not only accurately blow away the blockage impurities accumulated on the surface and deep gaps of the heat dissipation fins 200, but also accelerate the convection heat transfer of the air around the heat dissipation fins 200, thereby enhancing the overall air-cooled heat dissipation effect.

[0034] To address different transformer load conditions and heat dissipation requirements, two different operating modes of the 440-degree extraction and pushing structure are designed: asynchronous and synchronous. These modes can flexibly adapt to heat dissipation scenarios such as conventional loads and high-power, high-load conditions. The asynchronous extraction and exhaust mode allows for staggered alternation of coolant circulation and high-pressure air supply, resulting in stable airflow and balanced heat dissipation. This is suitable for the continuous heat dissipation conditions of small and medium-sized transformers, avoiding equipment vibration and damage caused by excessive shock during medium circulation. The synchronous extraction and exhaust mode allows multiple sets of 440-degree extraction and pushing structures to operate synchronously, maximizing the efficiency of coolant suction and push, and air compression and pressurization. This meets the heat dissipation needs of transformers under conditions of dirty heat sink fins and high heat loss due to outdoor environments.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 4As shown, a shut-off valve 121 is installed at the outlet end of the liquid storage tank 120. The flow rate and delivery speed of the low-temperature coolant output from the liquid storage tank 120 can be controlled by the change in the size of its opening and closing range. A pressure-driven pipeline 311 connected to the shut-off valve 121 is installed on the outside of the air storage box 310. The pressure-driven pipeline 311 is a closed pressure transmission pipeline structure. The inside of the pipeline is completely connected to the air storage cavity of the air storage box 310. It can collect and transmit the dynamic air pressure changes inside the air storage box 310 in real time. The pressure output end of the pressure-driven pipeline 311 is connected to the drive execution structure of the shut-off valve 121.

[0036] During equipment operation, the air pressure generated inside the air storage box 310 due to air compression can directly act on the shut-off valve 121 through the pressure-driven pipeline 311. The shut-off valve 121 is adaptively driven to adjust the opening degree of the valve core according to the air pressure. Under high air pressure conditions, the valve core opening degree increases and the coolant flow rate increases, while under low air pressure conditions, the valve core opening degree decreases and the coolant flow rate decreases, matching the heat dissipation requirements of the transformer under different heat generation conditions.

[0037] By utilizing a gas-liquid linkage transmission mechanism, an integrated temperature-flow-air volume regulation system is constructed, which can match the optimal heat dissipation power according to the changes in the internal oil temperature of the transformer. The real-time changing air pressure value inside the air-cooling mechanism 300 is used as the regulation signal. The pressure drives the pipeline 311 to control the opening and closing amplitude of the liquid outlet valve 121 of the liquid storage tank 120, thereby regulating the circulation flow rate of the coolant inside the liquid cooling mechanism 100. Under high load and high temperature conditions of the transformer, the system air pressure increases and the coolant flow rate increases simultaneously, enhancing the internal heat exchange and cooling efficiency. Under low load and low temperature conditions, the air pressure decreases and the flow rate decreases adaptively, avoiding ineffective heat dissipation energy consumption.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 3 As shown, the multiple extraction and pushing structures 440 are divided into two groups. The two groups of extraction and pushing structures 440 adopt an asynchronous extraction and exhaust working mode with staggered peaks and alternating peaks. Unlike the synchronous operation structure, it can realize the time-sharing and staggered alternation of coolant delivery and gas operation, so as to keep the coolant delivery and gas delivery constant, while ensuring that the internal air pressure of the air-cooled exhaust structure 320 remains constant. The air-cooled air outlet structure 320 adapted to this asynchronous working mode includes a flow distribution frame 321, an air pressure nozzle 322, and a support column 329; The diversion frame 321 is connected to multiple air outlet pipes 340, which can perform secondary uniform diversion of the high-pressure gas delivered by the air storage box 310, eliminating the problems of uneven air pressure and inconsistent local air outlet strength caused by single-pipe air supply. Multiple air pressure nozzles 322 are provided and installed on the diversion frame 321 corresponding to the heat dissipation fins 200. They can realize high-pressure airflow jet, which can continuously blow away the impurities accumulated on the surface and deep gaps of the heat dissipation fins 200, and continuously drive the rapid convection of air around the fins to enhance the air cooling heat exchange effect. Two support columns 329 are provided and symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer to support the shunt frame 321, counteract the reverse impact force generated by the high-pressure air jet, and prevent the frame from shifting due to long-term jet operation.

[0039] The multiple suction and push structures 440 are divided into two groups, which alternately complete the suction and push strokes under the drive of the crankshaft 430: when one group is in the suction stroke, the other group is in the push stroke. In this mode, the coolant output flow rate on the liquid-cooled side is continuously stable with no obvious pressure pulsation; the air supply on the air-cooled side is continuous and uniform, the air pressure fluctuation in the air storage box 310 is small, and the air outlet state of the air pressure nozzle 322 is stable.

[0040] The working method of this invention: During transformer operation, the windings and core heat up, causing the internal insulating heat-conducting oil to rise in temperature and decrease in density. The high-temperature oil flows upward and exits the transformer body through the inlet pipe 210, entering the heat dissipation fins 200 for preliminary oil-air heat exchange. The cooled oil then flows back to the bottom of the transformer cavity through the drain pipe 220.

[0041] As the oil flows directionally along the inlet pipe 210, it continuously impacts the impeller 420 inside the pipe, converting the fluid potential energy into the rotational mechanical energy of the impeller 420. This, in turn, drives the coaxially connected crankshaft 430 to rotate synchronously within the outer frame 410. The rotational motion of the crankshaft 430 further drives each set of pumping structures 440 to perform reciprocating linear motion, completing the power conversion from "fluid kinetic energy → rotational mechanical energy → reciprocating mechanical energy," and providing synchronous mechanical power for the liquid cooling cycle and air cooling mechanism 300.

[0042] When the crankshaft 430 rotates, the lifting rod 444 is driven by the swing arm 441 to perform periodic lifting and lowering motion, which in turn pulls the sealing lifting plate 443 to slide back and forth along the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder 442.

[0043] When the sealing lifting plate 443 slides upward, the volume of the lower chamber increases and a negative pressure is formed inside. The low-temperature coolant in the storage tank 120 is drawn into the lower chamber through the one-way valve of the lower inlet pipe joint 4421. When the sealing lifting plate 443 slides downward, the volume of the lower chamber decreases and the internal pressure increases. The coolant is pushed by high pressure to the heat conduction part 110 inside the transformer through the one-way valve of the lower outlet pipe joint 4422. The low-temperature coolant fully conducts heat with the high-temperature insulating oil and winding structure in the heat conduction part 110, absorbs heat and becomes high-temperature coolant, and flows back to the storage tank 120 through the inlet pipe 140.

[0044] The upper chamber of the same sealed outer cylinder 442 is an independent, sealed, air-cooled power chamber, which operates synchronously and independently with the liquid-cooled operation of the lower chamber, and the two media do not interfere with each other. When the sealing lifting plate 443 slides downward, the volume of the upper chamber increases and a negative pressure is formed. The ambient air is drawn into the upper chamber through the one-way valve of the upper liquid inlet pipe joint 4421. When the sealing lifting plate 443 slides upward, the volume of the upper chamber decreases and the internal air is compressed and pressurized. It is then transported to the air storage box 310 for stable pressure storage through the one-way valve of the upper liquid outlet pipe joint 4422 and the air inlet pipe 330.

[0045] The high-pressure gas in the air storage box 310 is evenly transported to the air-cooled air outlet structure 320 through the air outlet duct 340, and is directionally ejected through the air pressure nozzle 322 facing the heat dissipation fins 200. The high-pressure airflow can powerfully blow away the dust and debris accumulated on the surface and deep gaps of the heat dissipation fins 200, preventing the fins from becoming clogged and increasing the thermal resistance. On the other hand, it can forcibly accelerate the air convection around the fins, enhance the oil-gas heat exchange efficiency of the heat dissipation fins 200, and help improve the overall heat dissipation capacity.

[0046] When the transformer load increases and the heat generation increases, the temperature difference of the insulating heat transfer oil increases, the circulation velocity increases, the speed of the impeller 420 and the crankshaft 430 increases synchronously, the reciprocating frequency of the pumping structure 440 accelerates, and the air pressure inside the air storage box 310 continues to rise. The air pressure inside the air storage box 310 is transmitted to the drive end of the shut-off valve 121 in real time through the pressure-driven pipeline 311. When the air pressure rises, it pushes the valve core of the shut-off valve 121 to increase the valve opening, the coolant flow rate output from the liquid storage box 120 increases, and the liquid cooling heat exchange power increases accordingly to match higher heat dissipation requirements.

[0047] Conversely, when the transformer load decreases and the heat generation decreases, the oil circulation speed slows down, the air pressure in the air storage box 310 decreases, the opening of the shut-off valve 121 decreases adaptively, and the coolant flow rate decreases synchronously, thus avoiding energy loss caused by ineffective circulation.

[0048] Example 2 Reference Figure 8-11 As shown, its specific difference from Embodiment 1 is that multiple pumping structures 440 synchronously lift and lower to pump and exhaust air; The air-cooled air outlet structure 320 includes a flow divider frame 321, a pressure nozzle 322, a reciprocating screw 323, a housing 324, a nut 325, a ratchet 326, a gear 327, and a push assembly 328; Two reciprocating lead screws 323 are provided and symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer to guide and bear the load for the lifting and lowering of the entire air-cooled outlet structure 320; There are two outer shells 324, which are respectively installed at both ends of the diverter frame 321 and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw 323. The central through hole of the outer shell 324 is coaxially nested with the reciprocating screw 323 and can slide vertically up and down along the outer wall of the reciprocating screw 323. Both the nut 325 and the gear 327 are installed inside the housing 324, and the nut 325 is screwed to the outside of the reciprocating screw 323. This can convert the rotational motion of the gear 327 into the linear lifting motion of the housing 324 and the diverter frame 321. The ratchet 326 is installed between the nut 325 and the gear 327. When the pushing component 328 moves to the end of the diverter frame 321, it drives the gear 327 to rotate in the forward direction, so that the gear 327 drives the nut 325 to rotate synchronously through the ratchet 326. When the pushing component 328 resets and drives the gear 327 to rotate in the reverse direction, the ratchet 326 slips, so that the gear 327 cannot drive the nut 325 to rotate. Two push components 328 are provided and slidably installed inside the diversion frame 321. The push components 328 extend into the interior of the housing 324 and mesh with the gear 327. They can perform autonomous reciprocating sliding motion according to the air pressure changes inside the diversion frame 321. The power output end of the push components 328 extends through into the cavity of the housing 324 and forms a meshing transmission with the gear 327. It can convert the linear mechanical thrust generated by the air pressure change into the rotational power of the gear 327.

[0049] Among them, the air-cooled outlet structure 320 can be driven to achieve lifting and dynamic adjustment of air volume according to air pressure fluctuations, thereby changing the jet coverage and airflow velocity to adapt to the heat exchange conditions of the heat dissipation fins 200 with different dust accumulation levels and different heat dissipation requirements.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 10 As shown, the actuating assembly 328 includes a sealing slide plate 3281, a compression spring 3282, and a rack 3283: The sealing slide plate 3281 is slidably installed inside the diversion frame 321. The compression spring 3282 is installed between the sealing slide plate 3281 and the inner end wall of the diversion frame 321. The compression spring 3282 always maintains a stable elastic preload, providing elastic driving force for the reset movement of the sealing slide plate 3281. During equipment operation, when high-pressure gas is introduced into the diversion frame 321 and the cavity air pressure gradually increases, the pressure difference force will continuously push the sealing slide plate 3281 to overcome the elastic resistance of the compression spring 3282 and slide smoothly to both ends of the diversion frame 321. When the internal air pressure gradually decreases and the air pressure thrust weakens, the compression spring 3282 relies on its own elastic reset potential energy to push the sealing slide plate 3281 to slide inward, realizing precise automatic reset and completing the reciprocating sliding cycle operation. The rack 3283 is installed on the outside of the sealing slide plate 3281 and inserted into the housing 324 to mesh with the gear 327. During the reciprocating sliding motion of the sealing slide plate 3281 with changes in air pressure, the rack 3283 can be driven to move linearly back and forth. Through the meshing transmission principle of the rack 3283 and the gear 327, the linear sliding mechanical energy of the sealing slide plate 3281 is stably converted into the rotational mechanical energy of the gear 327.

[0051] In this mode, all the suction and push structures 440 maintain the same phase, synchronously completing the suction and push strokes, with simultaneous suction and discharge, resulting in peak output of coolant flow and gas pressure. This mode provides higher liquid cooling circulation heat exchange power and stronger air-cooled jet impact force, while also enabling deep cleaning of the heat dissipation fins 200.

[0052] During the exhaust process of the push-pull structure 440, the gas enters the interior of the diversion frame 321, the air pressure rises rapidly, and pushes the rack 3283 to move outward, causing the rack 3283 to drive the nut 325 to rotate through the gear 327. During the air extraction process of the push-pull structure 440, the diversion frame 321 stops entering the gas, and the rack 3283 will gradually return to its original position as the air pressure decreases, providing conditions for the next extension, which in turn drives the air pressure nozzle 322 to rise and fall. As the air pressure nozzle 322 slides up and down, it passes through the heat dissipation fins 200 at each height, improving the cleaning effect of the air pressure nozzle 322 on the heat dissipation fins 200.

[0053] The working method of this invention: When the push structure 440 is in the exhaust stroke, high-pressure gas quickly enters the diversion frame 321, the cavity air pressure increases, pushing the sealing slide plate 3281 to slide towards both ends of the frame against the elastic force of the compression spring 3282, and simultaneously driving the rack 3283 to move outward in a straight line; the rack 3283 meshes with the gear 327 to drive the linear motion into the forward rotational motion of the gear 327. At this time, the ratchet 326 is in the locked state, and the gear 327 drives the nut 325 to rotate synchronously through the ratchet 326; the nut 325 is threadedly engaged with the reciprocating screw 323 to convert the rotational motion into the vertical upward motion of the outer shell 324 and the diversion frame 321, driving the air pressure nozzle 322 to move up or down by one stroke.

[0054] When the push structure 440 switches to the suction stroke, the air pressure in the diversion frame 321 gradually decreases. The compression spring 3282 pushes the sealing slide plate 3281 and the rack 3283 to reset inward, causing the gear 327 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the ratchet 326 is in a slipping state, and the gear 327 rotating in the opposite direction cannot drive the nut 325 to rotate. The diversion frame 321 and the air pressure nozzle 322 maintain their current height position.

[0055] As the push structure 440 continues to cycle back and forth, the air pressure nozzle 322 gradually rises or falls, sweeping across the entire height area of ​​the heat dissipation fins 200 in sequence, achieving thorough cleaning of each row without dead angles, greatly improving the cleaning coverage and cleaning effect, without the need for an additional lifting drive device throughout the process.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism, used as a heat dissipation device installed on a transformer, characterized in that, The heat dissipation device includes a liquid cooling mechanism, heat dissipation fins, an air cooling mechanism, and a gas-liquid flow drive mechanism: The heat dissipation fins are installed on the outside of the transformer, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet ends of the heat dissipation fins are respectively equipped with liquid inlet pipes and liquid outlet pipes that communicate with the inner cavity of the transformer. The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is installed on the outside of the heat dissipation device and inserted into the inside of the liquid inlet pipe. The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is driven when the transformer oil flows along the liquid inlet pipe. The liquid cooling mechanism is installed on the transformer. The liquid cooling mechanism includes a heat conduction part extending into the inside of the transformer and a liquid storage tank located on the outside of the transformer. The liquid inlet end of the heat conduction part and the liquid outlet end of the liquid storage tank are both connected to the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism. When the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is driven, the coolant inside the liquid storage tank is drawn and pushed into the heat conduction part. The air-cooling mechanism is located on the outside of the transformer and is connected to the liquid-cooling mechanism and the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism. When the gas-liquid flow drive mechanism is running, gas is introduced into the air-cooling mechanism, which increases the internal air pressure of the air-cooling mechanism. This causes the air-cooling mechanism to spray high-pressure gas to clean the heat dissipation fins and drive the gas flow. When the air pressure of the air-cooling mechanism rises or falls, it drives the liquid-cooling mechanism to change the maximum liquid flow rate.

2. The transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid flow drive mechanism includes an outer frame, an impeller, a crankshaft, and a push-pull structure; The outer frame is mounted on the transformer, and the crankshaft is rotated inside the outer frame. The impeller is installed inside the liquid inlet pipe and is coaxially connected to the crankshaft. When the transformer oil passes through, it drives the impeller and the crankshaft to rotate synchronously. Multiple push-pull structures are provided and installed on the lower part of the outer frame. Driven by the crankshaft, they push the coolant in the liquid cooling mechanism and the gas in the air cooling mechanism to flow.

3. The transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The push-pull structure includes a swing arm, a sealed outer cylinder, a sealed lifting plate, and a lifting rod; The sealed outer cylinder is connected to both the liquid cooling mechanism and the air cooling mechanism; The sealing lifting plate is slidably installed inside the sealing outer cylinder. A sealing plug that contacts the inner wall of the sealing outer cylinder is embedded on the outside of the sealing lifting plate. The lifting rod is installed on the top of the sealing lifting plate and extends upward to the outside of the sealing outer cylinder. The swing arm is hinged to the top of the lifting rod and fitted onto the outside of the crankshaft. When the crankshaft rotates, the swing arm pulls the lifting rod up and down.

4. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints are installed on the sealing outer cylinder. The two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints are located above and below the sealing lifting plate, respectively. One-way valves are installed on the two inlet pipe joints and two outlet pipe joints. The inlet and outlet pipe joints located below are connected to the liquid cooling mechanism; The inlet and outlet pipe joints located at the top are connected to the air-cooling mechanism.

5. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage tank is equipped with an inlet pipe that connects to the outlet of the heat conduction part.

6. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air-cooled mechanism includes an air storage box and an air-cooled outlet structure; The air storage box is installed on the outside of the transformer. The air storage box is equipped with multiple air inlet pipes that are connected to the sealed outer cylinder and multiple air outlet pipes that are connected to the air-cooled air outlet structure. The air-cooled exhaust structure is installed on the outside of the transformer and corresponds to the heat dissipation fins.

7. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: A shut-off valve is installed at the outlet of the liquid storage tank, and a pressure-driven pipeline connected to the shut-off valve is installed on the outside of the air storage tank.

8. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multiple pumping structures are divided into two groups, and the two groups of pumping structures pump and exhaust asynchronously. The air-cooled air outlet structure includes a flow distribution frame, air pressure nozzles, and support columns. The distribution frame is connected to multiple air outlet ducts; Multiple air pressure nozzles are provided and installed on the flow distribution frame, corresponding to the heat dissipation fins; Two support columns are provided and are symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer to support the shunt frame.

9. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple suction and push structures synchronously lift and lower to extract and exhaust air; The air-cooled air outlet structure includes a flow distribution frame, a pressure nozzle, a reciprocating screw, a housing, a nut, a ratchet, a gear, and a drive assembly; There are two reciprocating lead screws, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the transformer; There are two outer casings, which are respectively installed at both ends of the flow divider frame and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw; Both the nut and the gear are installed inside the housing, with the nut screwed onto the outside of the reciprocating screw and the ratchet installed between the nut and the gear. There are two push components, which are slidably mounted inside the splitter frame and extend into the housing to engage with gears.

10. A transformer heat dissipation mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: The actuation components include a sealed slide, a compression spring, and a rack: The sealing slide plate is slidably installed inside the diverter frame; the compression spring is installed between the sealing slide plate and the inner end wall of the diverter frame. The sealing slide plate slides to both ends when the air pressure of the diverter frame rises and returns to its original sliding position when the air pressure drops. The rack is installed on the outside of the sealing slide plate and inserted into the housing to mesh with the gear. As the rack slides outward along with the sealing slide plate, it drives the gear to rotate.

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