Intelligent switch cabinet based on monitoring assembly

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent switch cabinet based on a monitoring assembly, which comprises a cabinet body, electrical components arranged in the cabinet body and a monitoring module, low-position air inlet groups and high-position air outlet groups are arranged on opposite side walls of the cabinet body, and the two groups cooperate to build a vertical one-way convection air duct for heat dissipation in the cabinet body, the low-position air inlet groups are provided with self-adapting closing mechanisms, the self-adapting closing mechanisms comprise windproof and waterproof execution members which automatically close and dredge the low-position air inlet groups in response to changes of two types of environmental parameters, i.e., outdoor wind pressure and rainwater; the application has the advantages of simple structure, good linkage, comprehensive protection, no need of electric control and energy consumption, and effectively solves the technical pain points of the traditional switch cabinet, such as easy corrosion, easy condensation, easy water ingress, high failure rate and complicated operation and maintenance under the coastal working condition, and has good practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent switchgear technology, specifically to an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components. Background Technology

[0002] A distribution cabinet is a metal-enclosed complete set of power distribution equipment. It is a power transfer station in the power system, which centrally houses electrical components such as switches, meters, and busbars. It is responsible for receiving, distributing, and controlling electrical energy, and at the same time provides short-circuit, overload, and leakage protection. It is mostly used in power distribution rooms, factories, and buildings for main power supply. Its size is much larger than a small household distribution box. When using distribution cabinets in the coastal areas of South China, in addition to complying with general safety regulations, special attention should be paid to corrosion prevention, moisture prevention, and coping with extreme weather such as typhoons. The high humidity and high salinity of the climate in these areas place higher demands on the durability of the equipment. Correct operation and maintenance are crucial.

[0003] Traditional switchgear often uses a fixed ventilation structure facing each other, which is prone to airflow short circuits and ventilation dead zones. Uneven heat dissipation inside the cabinet can lead to long-term heat accumulation in electrical components, causing aging and insulation degradation. At the same time, salty and humid airflow can directly enter the cabinet, and salt mist particles can adhere to the surface of electrical components, easily forming salt scale, which can cause corrosion, creepage, short circuits and other faults, significantly reducing the operational stability and service life of the equipment. Currently, most switchgear with protective functions uses electronic control sensors and electric actuators to achieve protection and dehumidification. However, electronic control components are prone to moisture corrosion and failure in coastal high salt spray and high and low temperature alternating environments, resulting in poor operational reliability, high energy consumption, and large maintenance workload, making them unsuitable for outdoor unattended operation scenarios. In addition, traditional switchgear lacks an adaptive passive protection structure, and cannot quickly close the ventilation channel under typhoon, rainstorm and water accumulation conditions, which can easily lead to rainwater backflow and salt spray intrusion. It also lacks the ability to clean salt residue and perform passive dehumidification, and salt dust and water can easily accumulate and block the equipment, resulting in a high failure rate. It cannot simultaneously meet the usage requirements of normal heat dissipation, salt spray purification, moisture prevention and dehumidification and protection under extreme working conditions.

[0004] Therefore, we have made improvements to this by proposing an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems of high salt spray, high humidity and frequent typhoon water accumulation in coastal working conditions, as well as the poor protection of traditional switchgear, easy failure of electrical control, and high operation and maintenance costs in the above-mentioned or existing technologies, this invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch cabinet based on monitoring components.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including a cabinet, electrical components arranged inside the cabinet, and a monitoring module; The cabinet is equipped with a low-position air inlet group and a high-position air outlet group on opposite side walls, which work together to form a vertical unidirectional convection air duct for heat dissipation inside the cabinet. The low-position air inlet group is equipped with an adaptive sealing mechanism, which includes windproof and waterproof actuators that automatically close and unblock the low-position air inlet group in response to changes in two types of environmental parameters: outdoor wind pressure and rainwater. Along the airflow direction, the gas-liquid separation and purification section is sealed and connected to the inner side of the low-position air inlet group. The gas-liquid separation and purification section is equipped with a gas guiding component along the airflow passage, and is also equipped with an impurity collection component for separating, intercepting and automatically collecting salt mist and solid particles in the salt-containing humid airflow. Along the airflow direction, a passive condensation dehumidification section is arranged downstream of the gas-liquid separation and purification section. The passive condensation dehumidification section includes a heat exchange condensation component that passively condenses moisture to form condensate based on the ambient day-night temperature difference, and a water collection component that collects the liquid. The monitoring module is located inside the cabinet and collects parameters such as wind pressure, water level, temperature and humidity, and salt spray concentration to identify various extreme working conditions.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the low-position air inlet group is located at the lower part of the cabinet side panel, the high-position air outlet group is located at the top of the cabinet side panel, the vertical convection height of the low-position air inlet group and the high-position air outlet group along the cabinet is not less than 1.5m, and the two are arranged diagonally staggered.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the windproof actuator includes a retaining frame that is sealed and fixed to the outside of the low-position air inlet group of the cabinet. The inner cavity of the retaining frame is equipped with retaining brackets corresponding to the number of holes in the low-position air inlet group. An arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle is movably installed on the outside of each retaining bracket. A support spring connected to the pressure-bearing baffle at the corresponding position is installed on the inner wall of each retaining bracket.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the waterproof actuator includes a limiting frame fixed at the center of the surface below the low-position air inlet group of the cabinet, a support rod is movably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting frame, a float is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod, and a sealing frame for sealing the low-position air inlet group is fixedly installed at the top of the support rod.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on the monitoring components of the present invention, the air guiding component is a three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle duct, wherein the staggered baffle duct is inclined downwards at 3°~5° towards the bottom of the cabinet, the staggered baffle duct is sealed and connected to the inner side of the low-position air inlet group to transmit airflow, wherein the staggered baffle duct and the heat exchange condensate component are arranged opposite to each other, and a salt spray barrier grille is installed inside the top air outlet of the staggered baffle duct.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the impurity collection component includes an integrated salt collection bin and a self-weight unidirectional slag discharge cover. The integrated salt collection bin is installed at the bottom of the staggered baffle duct to collect impurities, and the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin extends to the outside of the cabinet. The self-weight unidirectional slag discharge cover is hinged to the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin. A bearing plate is also installed at the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin, and a bearing spring for supporting the self-weight unidirectional slag discharge cover is fixedly installed on the surface of the bearing plate.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the heat exchange condensate assembly includes a liquid and gas transmission component with multiple pipes installed inside the cabinet. Several sets of parallel arrays of high thermal conductivity fins are installed on the outside of the transmission component, and the surface of the high thermal conductivity fins is provided with hydrophilic texture. The high thermal conductivity fins and the staggered baffle air duct are arranged horizontally in parallel with the exhaust port in the inner cavity of the cabinet. The bottom of the high thermal conductivity fins is installed with the top of the water collection assembly. The high thermal conductivity fins are composed of several "V"-shaped fins.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on the monitoring component of the present invention, the water collection component includes a collection box disposed at the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly. The top of the collection box has a guide groove that fits with the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly. The inner cavity of the collection box is V-shaped. The bottom of the collection box has a drain outlet. The bottom of the collection box has a drain pipe with a size larger than the drain outlet. An assembly frame is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the drain pipe. A sealing ball for sealing the drain outlet is movably installed at one end of the assembly frame. A sealing spring is installed on the surface of the sealing ball. One end of the drain pipe is installed to the outside of the transmission component.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, the transmission component includes a transfer ball located in the center of the cabinet cavity, and several sets of liquid and gas transmission pipes are fixedly installed on the surface of the transfer ball, with filters detachably installed inside the several transmission pipes.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components of the present invention, wherein: a positioning frame is fixedly installed on the outside of the high-position air outlet group, and several sets of exhaust plates corresponding to the air outlet holes on the high-position air outlet group are movably installed inside the positioning frame, and the exhaust plates are made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene.

[0017] Beneficial effects This application utilizes a staggered layout of low-position air inlet group and high-position air outlet group with a large height difference. It relies on the air density difference formed by the heat generated by electrical components and uses the chimney thermal pressure effect to achieve unidirectional circulating convection heat dissipation inside the cabinet. No fan or electric control drive is required, the heat dissipation is uniform, and it can effectively avoid heat accumulation and aging of components, and improve the stability of normal equipment operation. The gas-liquid separation and purification unit is equipped with a three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle air duct and a salt spray barrier grille to achieve multi-stage passive interception and purification of salt spray, dust and water droplets. Combined with an inclined self-flowing structure, salt collection bin and self-weight one-way slag discharge cover, it can automatically discharge slag and clean itself without consumables or blockages. It inhibits salt corrosion and scale buildup in the equipment from the source and is suitable for high salt spray conditions in coastal areas. The low-position air inlet group is equipped with an adaptive sealing mechanism. By matching the typhoon wind pressure threshold with the windproof actuator and the water-proof actuator to the water accumulation threshold, it can automatically close the air inlet under strong wind, rainstorm and water accumulation conditions to block rainwater and salt spray intrusion. It automatically resets after the conditions subside. It is passive and autonomously starts and stops throughout the process, with no risk of electrical control failure, and has excellent protection performance in extreme weather. The passive condensation dehumidification unit is equipped with a high thermal conductivity fin assembly that utilizes the day-night temperature difference to achieve passive condensation dehumidification. The hydrophilic texture and V-shaped structure enhance dehumidification efficiency. Combined with the gravity unidirectional drainage structure of the water collection component, it automatically discharges condensate and prevents external moisture from flowing back in, effectively avoiding moisture-related faults such as condensation and creepage inside the cabinet. The high-level air outlet group is equipped with a lightweight and corrosion-resistant exhaust plate, which does not obstruct ventilation and heat dissipation under normal conditions. Under extreme working conditions, when the cabinet is under negative pressure, it can close quickly by its own weight, forming a full-area airtight protection system with the low-level adaptive sealing mechanism, effectively preventing the backflow of external high-humidity salt spray air and improving the equipment's protection capabilities under extreme working conditions. The monitoring module can collect multi-dimensional parameters such as wind pressure, water accumulation, temperature and humidity, and salt spray concentration in real time, accurately match the action threshold of the passive mechanism, automatically identify extreme working conditions, store data, and realize early warning and source tracing. The equipment as a whole has a passive anti-corrosion structure, with a low failure rate and only requires lightweight inspection, which greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance of coastal outdoor equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one side structure of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the windproof actuator assembly structure of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust plate installation structure of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separation and purification section of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the current guiding component assembly structure of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the passive condensation dehumidification section of an intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components according to the present invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Cabinet; 2. Low-position air inlet assembly; 3. High-position air outlet assembly; 4. Adaptive enclosure mechanism; 41. Windproof actuator; 411. Fixing frame; 412. Fixing bracket; 413. Pressure-bearing baffle; 414. Support spring; 42. Waterproof actuator; 421. Limiting bracket; 422. Support rod; 423. Float; 424. Enclosure frame; 5. Gas-liquid separation and purification unit; 51. Flow guiding component; 511. Staggered baffle air duct; 512. Salt spray barrier grille; 52. Impurity collection component; 521. Integrated salt collection bin; 522. Self-weight unidirectional slag discharge cover plate; 523. Support plate; 524. Support spring; 6. Passive condensation dehumidification section; 61. Heat exchange condensate assembly; 611. High thermal conductivity fin assembly; 62. Water collection assembly; 621. Collection box; 622. Flow guide channel; 623. Drain outlet; 624. Drain pipe; 625. Assembly frame; 626. Sealing ball; 627. Sealing spring; 7. Monitoring module; 8. Transmission components; 81. Transfer sphere; 82. Transmission pipe; 83. Filter screen; 9. Positioning frame; 10. Ventilation panel. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, refer to Figures 1 to 3 ; Specifically, an intelligent switch cabinet based on monitoring components is provided, including a cabinet 1, electrical components arranged inside the cabinet 1, and a monitoring module 7; The cabinet 1 is equipped with a low-position air inlet group 2 and a high-position air outlet group 3 on opposite side walls. The two groups of air outlets are vertically staggered and arranged at different heights. Together, they form a vertical unidirectional convection air duct for heat dissipation inside the cabinet 1, achieving normal passive natural ventilation and heat dissipation. The low-position air inlet group 2 is located at the lower part of the side panel of cabinet 1, and the high-position air outlet group 3 is located at the top of the side panel of cabinet 1. The vertical convection height of the low-position air inlet group 2 and the high-position air outlet group 3 along cabinet 1 is not less than 1.5m. The two are arranged diagonally staggered to avoid the airflow short circuit and ventilation dead angle caused by the upper and lower air outlets facing each other, which greatly improves the efficiency of vertical climbing and exhaust of hot air in cabinet 1 and ensures uniform convection throughout cabinet 1. When the airflow enters the interior of cabinet 1 through the low-level air inlet group 2, the continuous heat generated by the electrical components heats the gas inside cabinet 1. After being heated, the air molecules expand, the density decreases, and the buoyancy increases. The hot air naturally flows upward and gathers, forming a natural upward climbing force. Subsequently, the low-temperature gas inside cabinet 1 absorbs heat and cools down. Finally, the hot airflow can be discharged through the high-level air outlet group 3. This realizes the utilization of the density difference between the inside and outside air caused by the heat generated by the electrical equipment, combined with the vertical height difference of the high and low air outlets to create a chimney thermal pressure effect, so as to achieve the continuous passive upward rise and circulation heat dissipation of the air inside cabinet 1.

[0022] Example 2, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 ; The low-position air inlet group 2 is equipped with an adaptive sealing mechanism 4. This mechanism is a purely mechanical passive structure. The adaptive sealing mechanism 4 includes windproof actuators 41 and waterproof actuators 42 that automatically close and unblock the low-position air inlet group 2 in response to changes in outdoor wind pressure and rainwater environmental parameters. The windproof actuators 41 and waterproof actuators 42 complete the automatic closing and normal unblocking and reset of the low-position air inlet group 2. No electrical control, sensor triggering, or manual intervention is required. It is suitable for unattended working conditions such as coastal typhoons, rainstorms, and low-lying water accumulation. The windproof actuator 41 includes a retaining frame 411 that is sealed and fixed to the outside of the low-position air inlet group 2 of the cabinet 1. The inner cavity of the retaining frame 411 is equipped with retaining brackets 412 corresponding to the number of holes in the low-position air inlet group 2. Each retaining bracket 412 has an arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle 413 movably installed on its outside. The pressure-bearing baffle 413 can rotate along the retaining bracket 412. The protruding part of the arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle 413 is set outward to maximize the bearing of wind pressure from the front and oblique winds outdoors, with uniform force distribution and no stress concentration. Each retaining bracket 412 Each inner wall is equipped with a support spring 414 that connects to the corresponding pressure baffle 413. The support spring 414 is made of 304 stainless steel salt spray resistant spring wire, which is cold-rolled as a whole. It is fully adapted to the high salt spray, high humidity, and high and low temperature alternating outdoor environment in the coastal area. It does not rust, stress attenuation, or fatigue failure after long-term use. The static preload of the support spring 414 is strictly controlled in the range of 2.8N to 3.2N. The stiffness of the support spring 414 is fixed at 0.35N / mm, with high deformation linearity and precise opening and closing threshold. The wind resistance level of the equipment is matched by the parameters of the support spring 414: When the outdoor wind pressure is less than 120Pa in the normal ventilation wind pressure range, the pre-tightening force of the support spring 414 presses the arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle 413 to keep it in the open state, ensuring normal convection heat dissipation of the cabinet 1. When the outdoor wind pressure reaches the range of 120Pa to 140Pa, corresponding to the meteorological level of typhoon or strong gusts of level 7 or above, the outdoor wind pressure thrust can stably overcome the preset pre-tightening force of the support spring 414, pushing the arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle 413 inward to fit against the sealing surface of the low-position air inlet group 2, realizing the self-locking full sealing of the low-position air inlet group 2, completely blocking the rainwater, salt spray, and sand dust carried by the strong wind from entering the cabinet 1. When the strong wind subsides and the wind pressure drops to below 120Pa, the elasticity of the support spring 414 automatically resets, and the pressure-bearing baffle 413 reopens to restore ventilation. The waterproof actuator 42 includes a limiting frame 421 fixed to the center of the surface below the low-position air inlet group 2 of the cabinet 1. A support rod 422 is movably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting frame 421. A float 423 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod 422. The float 423 is made of high-density PE anti-corrosion material, which is completely sealed without water leakage, deformation, and stable buoyancy. A sealing frame 424 for sealing the low-position air inlet group 2 is fixedly installed at the top of the support rod 422. Movable slots are opened on both sides of the fixed frame 422, and the number of movable slots is equal to the number of air inlet holes on the low-position air inlet group 2. The internal crossbar of the sealing frame 424 can pass through the movable slots, so that the low-position air inlet group 2 can be closed or opened under the displacement of the support rod 422. When outdoor rainstorms occur and the ground water level submerges the float 423, with the water depth reaching 40mm or more, the effective buoyancy generated by the float 423 pushes the sealing frame 424 upward through the support rod 422 along the position of the limiting frame 421, achieving a high-strength sealing of the low-position air inlet group 2 and preventing water splashing and rainwater backflow into the cabinet 1. When the water recedes and the liquid level is below 40mm, the weight of the float 423 drives the support rod 422 and the sealing frame 424 to fall and reset as a whole, and the low-position air inlet group 2 automatically opens to restore normal ventilation. Example 3, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 ; Due to the high salt content of the airflow in the coastal area, in order to solve this problem, the gas-liquid separation and purification unit 5 is sealed and connected to the inside of the low-level air inlet group 2 along the airflow direction. The gas-liquid separation and purification unit 5 is equipped with a gas guiding component 51 along the airflow passage, and is also equipped with an impurity collection component 52 for separating, intercepting and automatically collecting salt mist and solid particles of salt-containing humid airflow. The flow guiding component 51 is a three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle duct 511. The staggered baffle duct 511 is inclined downwards at 3°~5° towards the bottom of the cabinet 1. This inclination angle does not affect the smooth flow of air and ensures that the intercepted brine and salt residue flow steadily downwards along the wall of the staggered baffle duct 511 without liquid accumulation or salt accumulation dead corners. The three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle duct 511 adopts an alternating staggered baffle plate structure to form a continuous 180° airflow sharp turn channel. It achieves gas-liquid and gas-solid separation based on the principle of inertial collision separation. Air is light and has low inertia, so it can follow the staggered baffle duct 511 to make sharp turns. Salt droplets, salt crystal solid particles, and sand and dust impurities have high density and high inertia, so they cannot follow the airflow turn and are directly impacted and intercepted on the inner wall of the baffle plate, achieving passive high-efficiency filtration without the need for filter screens, consumables, or clogging risks. The staggered baffle duct 511 is sealed and connected to the inside of the low-position air inlet group 2 to transmit airflow. The staggered baffle duct 511 is set opposite to the heat exchange condensate component 61. A salt spray barrier grille 512 is installed inside the top air outlet of the staggered baffle duct 511. The salt spray barrier grille 512 is made of lightweight glass fiber reinforced PP material and is integrally injection molded. The material has low density, extremely light weight, and does not increase wind resistance. At the same time, it has excellent resistance to salt spray, acid and alkali, ultraviolet rays, and aging. It will not deform, powder, or rust after long-term outdoor use. It can effectively intercept trace ultra-fine salt crystal particles that are not completely separated by the staggered baffle duct 511, prevent trace salt spray from directly washing into the inside of the cabinet 1, prevent salt from accumulating and clogging inside the cabinet 1, and extend the service life of the equipment. The impurity collection component 52 includes an integrated salt collection bin 521 and a self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522. The integrated salt collection bin 521 is installed at the bottom of the staggered baffle duct 511 to collect impurities, and the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin 521 extends to the outside of the cabinet 1. The self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 is hinged to the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin 521 and can only be flipped outward and downward in one direction. The inner side is provided with a limit stop to prevent inward opening and backflow. The bottom of the integrated salt collection bin 521 is also equipped with a bearing plate 523. The surface of the bearing plate 523 is fixedly installed with a bearing spring 524 that supports the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522. The bearing spring 524 is made of 304 anti-corrosion stainless steel light load spring, with small preload, uniform support and gentle deformation. Under normal conditions, the load-bearing spring 524 assists the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 to fit and seal the bottom slag discharge port of the integrated salt collection bin 521, preventing external moisture, insects, and dust from entering the cabinet 1. When the weight of the brine and salt slag accumulated inside the integrated salt collection bin 521 exceeds the combined force of the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 and the pre-tightening force of the load-bearing spring 524, the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 automatically presses down and flips outward to achieve slag discharge without human intervention. After the slag discharge is completed, the spring force cooperates with the self-weight of the cover to automatically fall back and close, maintaining a continuous one-way sealing state. Example 4, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 8 ; Along the airflow direction, a passive condensation dehumidification unit 6 is arranged downstream of the gas-liquid separation and purification unit 5. The passive condensation dehumidification unit 6 includes a heat exchange condensation water assembly 61 that passively condenses moisture to form condensate water based on the ambient day-night temperature difference, and a water collection assembly 62 that collects liquid. The heat exchange condensate assembly 61 includes a liquid and gas transmission component 8 with multiple pipes installed inside the cabinet 1. Several sets of parallel arrays of high thermal conductivity fins 611 are installed on the outside of the transmission component 8. The clean, low-temperature airflow, after being purified by pre-salt spray, can penetrate horizontally and vertically through the gaps between the arrays of the high thermal conductivity fins 611, achieving uniform heat exchange throughout the entire area. The high thermal conductivity fins 611 achieve passive condensation by relying on the temperature difference between day and night in the outdoor environment. At night, when the environment cools down and the temperature of the high thermal conductivity fins 611 is lower than the air dew point, the residual moisture inside the cabinet continues to condense into condensate, achieving all-weather deep dehumidification without electrical control, refrigeration, or energy consumption. Furthermore, the surface of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611 is provided with a hydrophilic texture, which can significantly improve the efficiency of water vapor adhesion and condensation, and enhance the dehumidification effect. The high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611 and the staggered baffle air duct 511 are arranged horizontally side by side in the exhaust port of the inner cavity of the cabinet 1. The bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611 is installed with the top of the water collection component 62. The high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611 is composed of several "V" shaped fins, which not only improves the overall structural strength, but also facilitates the rapid convergence and dripping of condensed water droplets to the bottom, avoiding water droplet retention, adhesion and accumulation.

[0023] The water collection assembly 62 includes a collection box 621 disposed at the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611. The collection box 621 is used to collect liquid. The top of the collection box 621 is provided with a guide groove 622 that fits with the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611. The inner cavity of the collection box 621 is arranged in a "V" shape. The bottom of the collection box 621 is provided with a drain outlet 623. The bottom of the collection box 621 is provided with a drain pipe 624 whose size is larger than that of the drain outlet 623. An assembly frame 625 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the drain pipe 624. A sealing ball 626 that closes the drain outlet 623 is movably installed at one end of the assembly frame 625. A sealing spring 627 is installed on the surface of the sealing ball 626. One end of the drain pipe 624 is installed to the outside of the transmission component 8. When liquid condenses on the surface of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611, it is transferred to the inner cavity of the collection box 621 through the guide channel 622. Since the inner cavity of the collection box 621 is V-shaped, as the liquid inside increases, the liquid will squeeze the sealing ball 626. Then the squeezing force will drive the sealing ball 626 to move downward along the assembly frame 625, thereby opening the drain port 623, so that the liquid can be discharged. The discharged liquid will be guided through the drain pipe 624. At this time, the sealing spring 627 will also be squeezed. When the squeezing force disappears, the sealing ball 626 will automatically reset and close the drain port 623. Finally, with the help of the transmission component 8, the liquid is discharged to the outside of the cabinet 1.

[0024] Example 5, refer to Figure 1 ; The transmission component 8 includes a transfer ball 81 located in the center of the inner cavity of the cabinet 1. Several sets of liquid and gas transmission pipes 82 are fixedly installed on the surface of the transfer ball 81. Filter screens 83 are detachably installed inside the several transmission pipes 82, which can be disassembled, cleaned and replaced periodically. The arrangement of multiple transmission pipes 82 can form multiple ventilation channels inside the cabinet 1. When gas is injected into a transmission pipe 82, the gas will first pass through the filter screen 83 to filter impurities. Then, the filtered gas will be transferred to the other transmission pipes 82 through the transfer ball 81. In this way, the transmission pipes 82 absorb heat inside the cabinet 1. At this time, in conjunction with airflow transmission, the heat inside the cabinet 1 can be reduced again. At the same time, liquid transmission can also be carried out. One end of the drain pipe 624 in embodiment four is connected to one of the transmission pipes 82, so that drainage can be effectively carried out.

[0025] Example 6, refer to Figure 1-8 ; The high-position air outlet group 3 is externally fixedly equipped with a positioning frame 9. Several sets of exhaust plates 10 corresponding to the air outlet holes on the high-position air outlet group 3 are movably installed inside the positioning frame 9. The exhaust plates 10 are made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. Compared with traditional metal plates and ordinary plastic plates, they have the advantages of being lightweight and high-strength, having uniform weight, being resistant to salt spray corrosion, acid and alkali, UV aging, non-deformation, and non-sticking. The lightweight characteristics can ensure that the exhaust plates 10 can be opened smoothly by the normal weak convective wind pressure. Under the condition of strong wind and negative pressure, they can be quickly closed by their own weight, completely blocking the backflow of external salt spray, rain, and high humidity air. Together with the low-position adaptive sealing mechanism 4, they form a whole-area passive sealed protection system.

[0026] Monitoring module 7 is an integrated intelligent sensing and monitoring terminal for environmental and operating conditions within the cabinet. It is specifically designed for outdoor switchgear operating under high salt spray and typhoon conditions. It consists of a main control acquisition unit, wind pressure sensor, liquid level sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, salt spray concentration sensor, and data storage and traceability unit. The entire module is embedded and fixedly installed in a dry, high-level area inside cabinet 1 to avoid water accumulation and condensation interfering with detection accuracy. The wind pressure sensor is positioned on the outside of the low-level air inlet group 2 to collect real-time outdoor wind pressure values ​​and accurately determine the level of strong winds and typhoon conditions. The liquid level sensor is located in the water accumulation monitoring area at the bottom of the cabinet to monitor the ground flooding height in real time. The temperature and humidity sensor is located within the electrical components inside the cabinet. In the cabinet area, real-time monitoring of condensation, temperature and humidity changes is performed. A salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray content of the airflow entering the cabinet. The monitoring module 7 can collect multi-dimensional parameters such as outdoor wind pressure, water level inside and outside the cabinet, temperature and humidity inside the cabinet, and environmental salt spray concentration in real time. It can automatically identify extreme working conditions such as strong winds of level 7 and above, rainstorms, high salt spray, and alternating high and low temperatures. It can match the protection action thresholds of the low-position adaptive sealing mechanism 4 and the passive exhaust plate 10 in real time, and synchronously record the equipment operation status and working condition trigger data. It has data storage, working condition traceability, and abnormal early warning functions, and can realize intelligent monitoring, status recording and operation and maintenance early warning of extreme working conditions, adapting to the unattended operation and maintenance needs of outdoor switch cabinets.

[0027] This intelligent switchgear is suitable for the harsh working conditions of the South China coastal area, characterized by high salt spray, high humidity, frequent typhoons, and heavy rain and water accumulation. The entire unit adopts a purely passive mechanical protection structure, with no electrical control components, no energy consumption, no fault points, and no need for electrical control triggering and debugging. Relying on the advantages of adaptive wind pressure / water accumulation sealing, three-stage salt spray inertial purification, passive dehumidification due to day and night temperature difference, and intelligent multi-parameter monitoring, it can operate autonomously around the clock. It effectively solves the industry pain points of traditional switchgear, such as poor adaptability to working conditions, easy salt condensation, corrosion and aging, easy water ingress and failure during typhoons and heavy rains, and easy malfunction of electrical control due to moisture. It significantly reduces the risk of equipment short circuits and downtime, and significantly improves the overall reliability and service life of the equipment. The specific working steps are as follows: Step 1: When the equipment is powered on, the electrical components inside the cabinet 1 continuously work and generate heat, which heats the air inside the cabinet, reducing the air density, increasing buoyancy, and causing it to float naturally. Through the low-position air inlet group 2 and the high-position air outlet group 3 configured in the cabinet 1, a vertical chimney thermal pressure convection effect is formed. Cold air is continuously supplied from the low-position air inlet group 2, and hot air is discharged from the high-position air outlet group 3, forming a stable bottom-up passive unidirectional heat dissipation airflow. No electrical control or fan drive is required throughout the process. It can continuously remove the heat inside the cabinet, avoid high-temperature aging of components, and is suitable for the normal working conditions of high temperature and high humidity in coastal areas. Step 2: After the outside salt-containing humid airflow enters the cabinet through the low-position air inlet group 2, it first enters the flow guide component 51 of the gas-liquid separation and purification section 5. Utilizing the inertial collision principle of the three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle air duct 511, it performs primary interception of salt mist droplets, salt crystals, and sand and dust impurities. The clean airflow passes through normal bends, and the intercepted contaminants automatically collect along the duct's angle, eliminating dead zones of salt and water accumulation. The airflow then undergoes secondary fine filtration through the salt mist barrier grille 512 at the end of the duct, further intercepting ultrafine salt crystals. Through the flow guide component 51, the entire incoming airflow is purified passively, preventing salt mist from corroding the cabinet's components at the source. The structure requires no consumables, is not easily clogged, and is suitable for long-term high salt mist environments. Step 3: The brine and salt residue impurities intercepted by the staggered baffle duct 511 are uniformly collected and stored in the integrated salt collection bin 521 of the impurity collection component 52. The bottom of the integrated salt collection bin 521 is hinged with a self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522, and the bearing plate 523 and the bearing spring 524 provide a normal sealing pre-tightening force. Under normal conditions, the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 is closed to prevent dust and moisture. When the weight of the accumulated dirt in the bin overcomes the pre-tightening force of the bearing spring 524 and the weight of the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522, the self-weight one-way slag discharge cover 522 automatically flips outward to discharge slag and liquid. After being discharged, it automatically resets and closes by relying on the elasticity and its own weight, realizing a purely mechanical self-cleaning process and preventing salt dust accumulation and blockage. Step 4: The clean airflow after being purified by the gas-liquid separation purification section 5 flows into the passive condensation dehumidification section 6. The high thermal conductivity fin group 611 of the heat exchange condensation component 61 generates passive temperature difference heat exchange based on the day-night temperature difference along the coast. Combined with the hydrophilic texture and V-shaped structure of the fins, the water vapor condensation efficiency is greatly improved. When the ambient temperature drops and the fin temperature is lower than the air dew point, the residual moisture in the airflow continues to condense into water droplets. The water droplets quickly gather and drip down along the fins. Through continuous passive condensation, the humidity of the air inside the cabinet is reduced, which effectively prevents damp faults such as condensation, creepage, and insulation degradation inside the cabinet and maintains a dry operating environment inside the cabinet. Step 5: The condensate generated by the high thermal conductivity fin assembly 611 is collected in the collection box 621 of the water collection assembly 62. After the water accumulates and forms water pressure, it can push open the sealing ball 626 inside the drain pipe 624 and compress the sealing spring 627 to automatically drain the water. After the water pressure disappears after drainage, the sealing spring 627 rebounds and resets, pressing the sealing ball 626 to seal the drain outlet 623. This structure relies on pure gravity for passive opening and closing, which can effectively block external moisture, salt water negative pressure backflow and siphon backflow, ensuring a stable dehumidification environment inside the cabinet. Step Six: When encountering typhoons or strong gusts, the windproof actuator 41 of the adaptive sealing mechanism 4 will activate protection. When the outdoor wind pressure reaches 120Pa~140Pa level 7 gale or above, the wind pressure load overcomes the preset pre-tightening force of the support spring 414, pushing the arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle 413 hinged on the outside of the fixed frame 412 to fit inward and seal, so that the low-position air inlet group 2 is completely locked, preventing salt spray and rainwater carried by the strong wind from entering the cabinet 1. After the strong wind subsides and the wind pressure decreases, the support spring 414 will automatically reset, the baffle will reopen, and the equipment will resume normal ventilation and heat dissipation. Step 7: When encountering heavy rain and water accumulation, the waterproof actuator 42 of the adaptive sealing mechanism 4 activates protection. When the water depth reaches the 40mm threshold, the support rod 422 inside the limit frame 421 moves upward with the buoyancy of the bottom float 423, driving the top sealing frame 424 to block the low-position air inlet group 2, achieving high-strength sealing and waterproofing, preventing rainwater splashing and backflow. After the water recedes, it falls back to its original position as a whole with the weight of the float 423 and the structure, and the air vent is automatically opened, realizing passive autonomous protection in heavy rain and water accumulation conditions. Step 8: The positioning frame 9 is installed on the outside of the high-position air outlet group 3 at the top of the cabinet 1, and multiple sets of exhaust plates 10 are installed through the positioning frame 9. The exhaust plates 10 are made of fiberglass reinforced PP lightweight anti-corrosion material. Under normal conditions, the convective air pressure inside the cabinet can open the exhaust plates 10 to ensure that hot air is discharged normally. When the low-position air inlet group 2 is closed and negative pressure is formed inside the cabinet, the exhaust plates 10 close quickly by their own weight, blocking the air outlet channel and preventing the backflow of high humidity and high salt spray air from the outside. Together with the low-position self-adaptive sealing mechanism 4, it forms a complete airtight protection system. Step 9: The monitoring module 7 inside cabinet 1 integrates sensors for wind pressure, liquid level, temperature and humidity, and salt spray concentration. It can collect outdoor wind pressure, ground water, cabinet temperature and humidity, and environmental salt spray concentration parameters in real time around the clock. The monitoring module 7 can accurately match the action thresholds of passive structures such as windproof actuator 41, waterproof actuator 42, and exhaust panel 10, automatically identify extreme working conditions such as typhoons, rainstorms, and high salt spray, synchronously store operating data, trace working condition records, and output early warnings to achieve unattended intelligent monitoring and maintenance. Step 10: The equipment relies on an anti-corrosion structure and passive mechanical design, making it highly maintenance-free and with a low failure rate. It only requires periodic inspections, mainly checking the sensitivity of moving and protective components such as the self-adaptive sealing mechanism 4, impurity collection component 52, water collection component 62, and exhaust plate 10. Check that each anti-corrosion spring is free from rust and fatigue, regularly clean the internal filter screen 83 of the transmission component 8, and retrieve the operating data from the monitoring module 7 to review the equipment's operating status. Overall, the operation and maintenance is simple, low-cost, and suitable for long-term unattended coastal scenarios.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components, comprising a cabinet (1), electrical components arranged inside the cabinet (1), and a monitoring module (7), characterized in that: The cabinet (1) is equipped with a low-position air inlet group (2) and a high-position air outlet group (3) on opposite side walls, which work together to form a vertical unidirectional convection air duct for heat dissipation inside the cabinet (1); The low-position air inlet group (2) is equipped with an adaptive sealing mechanism (4), which includes a windproof actuator (41) and a waterproof actuator (42) that automatically close and unblock the low-position air inlet group (2) in response to changes in outdoor wind pressure and rainwater environmental parameters. Along the airflow direction, the gas-liquid separation and purification unit (5) is sealed and connected to the inner side of the low-position air inlet group (2). The gas-liquid separation and purification unit (5) is equipped with a gas guiding component (51) along the airflow passage, and is also equipped with an impurity collection component (52) for separating, intercepting and automatically collecting salt mist and solid particles in the salt-containing humid airflow. Along the airflow direction, a passive condensation dehumidification section (6) is arranged downstream of the gas-liquid separation and purification section (5). The passive condensation dehumidification section (6) includes a heat exchange condensation component (61) that passively condenses moisture to form condensate based on the ambient day-night temperature difference, and a water collection component (62) that collects liquid. The monitoring module (7) is located inside the cabinet (1) and collects parameters such as wind pressure, water level, temperature and humidity, and salt spray concentration to identify various extreme working conditions.

2. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The low-position air inlet group (2) is located at the lower part of the side panel of the cabinet (1), and the high-position air outlet group (3) is located at the top of the side panel of the cabinet (1). The low-position air inlet group (2) and the high-position air outlet group (3) are arranged diagonally staggered along the vertical convection height of the cabinet (1) by no less than 1.5m.

3. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The windproof actuator (41) includes a retaining frame (411) that is sealed and fixed to the outside of the low-position air inlet group (2) of the cabinet (1). The inner cavity of the retaining frame (411) is equipped with retaining brackets (412) corresponding to the number of holes in the low-position air inlet group (2). Each retaining bracket (412) is movably installed with an arc-shaped pressure-bearing baffle (413) on its outside. Each retaining bracket (412) has a support spring (414) connected to the pressure-bearing baffle (413) at the corresponding position installed on its inner wall.

4. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof actuator (42) includes a limiting frame (421) fixed at the center of the surface below the low-position air inlet group (2) of the cabinet (1). A support rod (422) is movably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting frame (421). A float (423) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod (422). A sealing frame (424) for sealing the low-position air inlet group (2) is fixedly installed at the top of the support rod (422).

5. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding component (51) is a three-stage S-shaped staggered baffle duct (511), wherein the staggered baffle duct (511) is inclined downward at 3°~5° towards the bottom of the cabinet (1). The staggered baffle duct (511) is sealed and connected to the inside of the low-position air inlet group (2) to transmit airflow. The staggered baffle duct (511) is arranged opposite to the heat exchange condensate component (61). A salt spray barrier grille (512) is installed inside the top air outlet of the staggered baffle duct (511).

6. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity collection assembly (52) includes an integrated salt collection bin (521) and a self-weight one-way slag cover plate (522). The integrated salt collection bin (521) is installed at the bottom of the staggered baffle duct (511) to collect impurities, and the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin (521) extends to the outside of the cabinet (1). The self-weight one-way slag cover plate (522) is hinged to the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin (521). A bearing plate (523) is also installed at the bottom of the integrated salt collection bin (521). A bearing spring (524) supporting the self-weight one-way slag cover plate (522) is fixedly installed on the surface of the bearing plate (523).

7. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The heat exchange condensate assembly (61) includes a liquid and gas transmission component (8) with multiple pipes inside the cabinet (1). Several sets of parallel arrays of high thermal conductivity fins (611) are installed on the outside of the transmission component (8), and the surface of the high thermal conductivity fins (611) is provided with hydrophilic texture. The high thermal conductivity fins (611) and the staggered baffle air duct (511) are arranged horizontally in parallel at the exhaust port of the inner cavity of the cabinet (1). The bottom of the high thermal conductivity fins (611) is installed with the top of the water collection assembly (62). The high thermal conductivity fins (611) are composed of several "V" shaped fins.

8. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The water collection assembly (62) includes a collection box (621) disposed at the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly (611). The top of the collection box (621) is provided with a guide groove (622) that fits the bottom of the high thermal conductivity fin assembly (611). The inner cavity of the collection box (621) is arranged in a "V" shape. The bottom of the collection box (621) is provided with a drain outlet (623). The bottom of the collection box (621) is provided with a drain pipe (624) with a size larger than that of the drain outlet (623). An assembly frame (625) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the drain pipe (624). A sealing ball (626) that closes the drain outlet (623) is movably installed at one end of the assembly frame (625). A sealing spring (627) is installed on the surface of the sealing ball (626). One end of the drain pipe (624) is installed with the outside of the transmission component (8).

9. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission component (8) includes a transfer ball (81) located in the center of the inner cavity of the cabinet (1). Several sets of liquid and gas transmission pipes (82) are fixedly installed on the surface of the transfer ball (81), and filter screens (83) are detachably installed inside the several transmission pipes (82).

10. The intelligent switchgear based on monitoring components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The high-position air outlet group (3) is fixedly installed with a positioning frame (9) on the outside. Several sets of exhaust plates (10) corresponding to the air outlet holes on the high-position air outlet group (3) are movably installed inside the positioning frame (9). The exhaust plates (10) are made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene.

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