Energy management method of an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of comprehensive energy system and micro-grid control technology, in particular to an energy management method of an electricity-heat-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system, which takes photovoltaic net output power as a criterion, divides the operation mode into a photovoltaic surplus mode and an energy deficiency mode according to the system power balance state, sets an upper limit of photovoltaic output power in the photovoltaic surplus mode to avoid system overload and power return, at the same time, establishes a multi-level energy distribution mechanism of electric energy storage priority, heat energy storage secondly, and hydrogen energy storage lastly, realizes reasonable distribution of photovoltaic surplus energy among electricity, heat and hydrogen, and improves renewable energy consumption capacity. In the energy deficiency mode, hierarchical control is carried out according to the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the battery is preferentially used to bear load power supply, when the battery power is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell is started to assist power supply in combination with the hydrogen storage state, and the electric boiler operation is coordinated considering the heat storage demand, so as to realize collaborative guarantee of electric and heat loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated energy systems and microgrid control technology, and to the coordinated control and optimized scheduling of multiple energy units such as photovoltaic power generation, electrochemical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage and thermal energy storage. Specifically, it relates to an energy management method for an electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system. Background Technology

[0002] The proportion of renewable energy sources, represented by photovoltaic power generation, in the energy system is constantly increasing. However, photovoltaic power generation is characterized by significant intermittency and volatility. Its output is easily affected by factors such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature, resulting in randomness and uncertainty in power generation. This makes it difficult to achieve real-time matching with load demand, thus posing a challenge to the stable operation of the energy system.

[0003] To improve the efficiency of renewable energy utilization, electrochemical energy storage technology is widely used to smooth power fluctuations and achieve peak shaving and valley filling. However, electrochemical energy storage is limited by factors such as limited capacity, self-discharge, and cycle life, making it difficult to achieve long-term energy storage. In contrast, hydrogen energy has advantages such as long storage cycle, large capacity, and strong intertemporal transfer capability. By using water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and then using hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, an "electricity-hydrogen" conversion path can be formed, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of electrochemical energy storage.

[0004] Meanwhile, in actual energy demand, heat load accounts for a large proportion. In traditional systems, electricity and heat supply are independent, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency and poor system coupling. By introducing electric boilers, thermal storage devices, and waste heat recovery from hydrogen fuel cells, an electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system can be constructed to achieve cascaded energy utilization and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0005] For example, CN114156948B discloses an energy management method for a hydrogen energy integrated utilization station in an industrial park. The steps include: 1. Determining the main equipment of the integrated utilization station in the industrial park and constructing a system structure diagram of the hydrogen energy integrated utilization station; 2. Establishing mathematical models for the electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, fuel cell, gas boiler, and wind and solar power, as well as power balance constraint equations for the power bus and thermal bus; 3. Taking the minimum carbon emissions of the industrial park as a constraint, considering the output of wind and solar power at different times, and considering the working state and energy management scheme of the hydrogen energy integrated utilization station. Under the condition of maintaining reliable energy supply, optimizing energy flow and fully realizing the cascade utilization of energy ensures that the industrial park is in a reliable and economical energy supply operation state, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0006] However, existing electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling systems still have the following problems in actual operation: First, there is a lack of a unified multi-energy coordinated scheduling mechanism. Existing systems mostly design control strategies for a single energy form, without fully considering the coupling relationship between electricity, heat, hydrogen, and other energy sources, resulting in a low overall system optimization level. Secondly, the photovoltaic power generation absorption capacity is insufficient. When the load is low or the energy storage is saturated, the photovoltaic power generation cannot be effectively absorbed, and photovoltaic power generation is prone to curtailment, reducing the utilization rate of renewable energy. At the same time, due to the lack of a reasonable power upper limit constraint mechanism, it may also cause power backfeeding to the grid, resulting in problems such as voltage exceeding the limit in the distribution network and affecting power quality. Third, there is insufficient coordination among various energy storage systems. Electrochemical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, and thermal energy storage differ significantly in terms of time scale, response speed, and capacity characteristics, but existing control methods lack clear prioritization and coordination mechanisms, making it difficult to achieve efficient coordinated operation. Fourth, its off-grid operation capability is relatively weak. In scenarios involving grid failures or remote areas, the system needs to have independent operation capabilities, but existing technologies lack comprehensive off-grid energy management strategies, making it difficult to guarantee a stable supply of electricity and heat loads. Fifth, unreasonable equipment operation strategies. Frequent start-ups and shutdowns of electrolyzers and hydrogen fuel cells will affect their lifespan, while unreasonable scheduling of electric boilers and thermal storage systems will also lead to energy waste.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an energy management method that can take into account the synergy of electricity, heat, and hydrogen, improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy, and enhance the stability of system operation in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides an energy management method for an electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system, which can achieve coordinated and optimized scheduling of electric, thermal, and hydrogen multi-energy sources, thereby improving the renewable energy absorption capacity and system operational stability.

[0009] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system includes: Construct an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system: including a photovoltaic power generation system, electrochemical energy storage battery, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen fuel cell, electric boiler and thermal storage tank, which is an integrated energy system of electro-thermal-hydrogen coupling. Each system unit is connected to a unified DC bus through a power electronic converter and is centrally controlled by an energy management system. Based on maximizing the use of renewable energy, the energy management system takes system power balance as its core. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates with photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy. It also combines electrochemical energy storage status, hydrogen storage status and thermal storage status to construct a hierarchical control strategy for power allocation.

[0010] Preferably, in off-grid mode, the energy management system first collects the photovoltaic power generation. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Hydrogen storage tank hydrogen storage status Temperature of the thermal storage tank Then calculate the net output power of the photovoltaic system. Finally, the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates under photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy.

[0011] Preferably, the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates with a photovoltaic power upper limit constraint and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy, specifically as follows: Define net photovoltaic output power As a control criterion, the system operation is divided into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode according to its positive and negative values, and a hierarchical control strategy is constructed for operation based on the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state and thermal storage state respectively. in, .

[0012] Preferably, the net output power of photovoltaics is defined. As a control criterion, the system operation is divided into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode based on its positive or negative value. A hierarchical control strategy is then constructed based on the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state, and thermal storage state for operation, including: Determine the net output power of the photovoltaic system If so, it will operate in a photovoltaic surplus mode; otherwise, it will operate in an energy shortage mode.

[0013] Preferably, under the photovoltaic surplus mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is The energy management system first sets the power of the hydrogen fuel cell. Then, based on the collected electrochemical cells Temperature of the thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank Limit the output power of the photovoltaic system, and combine it with the net output power of the photovoltaic power generation system. The size of the value determines the power allocation for each device, as follows: S101, Determining the electrochemical energy storage battery The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S102; otherwise, execute S113. S102, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S103; otherwise, proceed to S109. S103, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S104; otherwise, proceed to S107. S104, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... And execute S105; S105, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If yes, execute S106; otherwise, all net photovoltaic output power is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and the electric boiler and electrolytic cell do not work. S106, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the sum of the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery and the maximum operating power of the electric boiler, i.e. If yes, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, the electric boiler converts electrical energy into heat energy at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electrolytic cell; if no, the electrolytic cell does not work, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler. S107, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: and execute S108; S108, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electrolytic cell does not work, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler; if not, all the net output power of the photovoltaic is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler works. S109, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S110; otherwise, proceed to S112. S110, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to... And execute S111; S111, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electric boiler will not work, and the net output power of the photovoltaic system will be used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery at maximum power, with the remaining energy absorbed by the electrolytic cell; otherwise, the net output power of the photovoltaic system will be used entirely to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler will work. S112, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be At this time, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and the electric boiler and electrolytic cell are not working. S113, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S114; otherwise, execute S118. S114, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S115; otherwise, proceed to S117. S115, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is no longer being charged, and the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to... Then execute S116; S116, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum power of the electric boiler, i.e. If so, the electric boiler operates at full power, and the electrolyzer uses the remaining power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen; if not, the operating power of the electric boiler is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, and the electrolyzer does not work. S117, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is not charging, the electrolyzer is not working, and the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to... Electric boilers utilize the net output power of photovoltaics to generate heat; S118, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S119; otherwise, proceed to S120. S119, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: At this time, only the electrolytic cell is working, and its power is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, that is... ; S120, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... All energy storage systems are not working, that is , , The photovoltaic system is only used to meet the electricity load demand.

[0014] Preferably, in the energy-deficient mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is... The energy management system first sets the power of the electrolyzer. Then, based on chemical energy storage batteries Thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank The discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the operating power of the electric boiler are allocated as follows: S201, equipped with three electrochemical energy storage batteries The energy point, denoted as the first energy point. Second energy point and the third energy point ,and ; S202, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the third energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S203; otherwise, execute S205. S203, determining the electrochemical energy storage battery Whether the second energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute S204; otherwise, execute S206. S204, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the first energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute the shutdown command; otherwise, switch to grid-connected mode. S205, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the electrochemical energy storage battery meets the electrical load power, the electric boiler does not work, and the hydrogen fuel cell does not supply power; if not, the electric boiler operates at the average heat load power to supplement heat, that is... ; S206, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S207; otherwise, proceed to S208. S207, Identify the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the hydrogen fuel cell operates at full power. During operation, combined heat and power (CHP) is implemented. The electric boiler is not working, and the electrochemical energy storage battery is used to balance the power deficit of the electrical load with the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell. If not, insufficient hydrogen storage will prevent both the hydrogen fuel cell and the electric boiler from operating, and the electrochemical energy storage battery will meet the basic electrical load power shortfall. ; S208, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, and hydrogen storage is sufficient at this time, the hydrogen fuel cell will operate at full power. The system operates, providing combined heat and power (CHP) for supplemental heating and electricity generation, while the electric boiler operates at its maximum power. During operation, the electrochemical energy storage battery balances the power deficit of the electrical load, and the deviation between the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electric boiler, i.e. If not, the hydrogen storage is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell will not operate, and the electric boiler will operate at its operating power. During the reheating process, the electrochemical energy storage battery discharges, i.e. .

[0015] Preferably, the operating power of the electric boiler From historical data within the same time period The average value of the heat load power is obtained by the following formula:

[0016] in, This represents the historical real-time heat load power. This represents the average heat load power.

[0017] Preferably, the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system can also operate in grid-connected mode, specifically as follows: S301, collects photovoltaic power generation. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Temperature of the thermal storage tank ; S302, setting the upper limit of photovoltaic power as follows: Furthermore, neither the electrolyzer nor the hydrogen fuel cell is in operation; S303, determine the status of the thermal storage tank, i.e., determine If yes, the electric boiler will supplement heat at maximum power; otherwise, the electric boiler will not work. S304, determine whether the photovoltaic power is greater than the maximum charging power of the chemical energy storage battery, i.e., determine... If yes, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at its maximum charging power; otherwise, the charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery is set to the output power of the photovoltaic system. S305, determines the state of an electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e., determines... If yes, switch to offline mode; otherwise, return to S301 to continue running.

[0018] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of the method.

[0019] A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to perform the steps of the method.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses an energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system. The method uses the net output power of photovoltaic power as the criterion, divides the operating mode into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode according to the power balance state of the system, and constructs a hierarchical control strategy by combining the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state and thermal storage state. This enables multi-energy coordinated optimization scheduling, and can improve the system's energy utilization efficiency and operational stability.

[0021] In the photovoltaic surplus mode, by setting an upper limit on photovoltaic output power, system overload and power backflow are avoided. Simultaneously, a multi-level energy allocation mechanism is established, prioritizing electrical energy storage, followed by thermal energy storage, and finally hydrogen energy storage. This achieves a rational distribution of surplus photovoltaic energy among electricity, heat, and hydrogen, thereby improving the renewable energy absorption capacity. In the energy shortage mode, tiered control is implemented based on the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage batteries, prioritizing battery power supply. When battery power is insufficient, hydrogen fuel cells are activated for auxiliary power supply, taking into account hydrogen storage capacity. Simultaneously, the operation of electric boilers is coordinated to meet thermal storage needs, thus achieving coordinated protection of electrical and thermal loads.

[0022] Furthermore, a grid-connected operation strategy is designed for extreme operating conditions. When the battery state of charge is lower than the safety threshold, the system automatically switches to grid-connected mode to ensure the reliability of the system power supply. At the same time, the system reduces equipment operating losses and extends service life by limiting photovoltaic output and shutting down hydrogen energy equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system constructed in the energy management method of the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the energy management strategy under off-grid operation conditions in the energy management method of an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the energy management strategy under photovoltaic surplus mode in off-grid operation of an energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the energy management strategy under the energy shortage mode in the off-grid operation condition of the energy management method of the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the energy management strategy under grid-connected operation in the energy management method of an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0025] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to fully and completely disclose the invention and to fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings is not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings, the same units / elements are referred to by the same reference numerals.

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein (including technical terms) have their common meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, it is understood that terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the context of their relevant field, and not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0028] This invention discloses an energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system, comprising: Step 100, Construct an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system: Refer to Figure 1 It includes a photovoltaic power generation system, an electrochemical energy storage battery, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen fuel cell, an electric boiler, and a thermal storage tank, forming an integrated energy system that combines electricity, heat, and hydrogen. Each system unit is connected to a unified DC bus via a power electronic converter, connected to the main power grid via an AC / DC converter, and centrally controlled by an energy management system.

[0029] Among them, photovoltaic systems, as the main energy source of the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system, can convert light energy into electrical energy.

[0030] Electrochemical energy storage batteries convert excess electrical energy generated by photovoltaic systems into chemical energy for storage. When there is no sunlight at night or when the photovoltaic system's power is insufficient, the chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy to supply the load.

[0031] Electrolyzers can utilize surplus photovoltaic system output energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy that can be stored across time and space over long periods of time.

[0032] When the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage battery is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction and inputs it into the system. During this chemical reaction, while hydrogen energy is converted into electrical energy, some hydrogen energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated. To improve the energy utilization efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, a heat exchanger can be installed on the hydrogen fuel cell device to collect the heat energy generated during the chemical reaction through a heat exchange process, which can then be used as part of the heat energy supply at the end of the system.

[0033] To meet the system's heat load requirements, the electric boiler converts electrical energy into heat energy through resistance wire heating, and then provides heat energy to the terminal load through water circulation.

[0034] Step 200: Based on maximizing the use of renewable energy, the energy management system takes system power balance as the core. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates with photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy. It also constructs a hierarchical control strategy for power allocation by combining electrochemical energy storage status, hydrogen storage status and thermal storage status.

[0035] First, the volatility and randomness of renewable energy make it the most unstable and uncontrollable factor in the multi-energy coupling system of electricity, heat, and hydrogen. Photovoltaic power generation systems are easily affected by environmental conditions such as irradiance and temperature, resulting in significant fluctuations. Therefore, this energy management strategy first limits the power output of the photovoltaic system based on the system's renewable energy absorption capacity, thereby reducing the situation where excessive photovoltaic output power leads to backfeeding of system power to the distribution network.

[0036] Specifically, the energy management system coordinates the operating modes of various equipment converters through rational planning, balancing system power while maximizing the utilization of renewable energy to meet the system's electricity, heat, and hydrogen load demands. With reasonable capacity configuration, the system can operate in off-grid mode, fully meeting the end-point electricity, heat, and hydrogen loads; in special operating conditions such as continuous rainy weather or photovoltaic system failures when renewable energy is insufficient, the system can switch to grid-connected operation.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 In off-grid mode, the energy management system communicates with each device to first collect photovoltaic power generation data. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Hydrogen storage tank hydrogen storage status Temperature of the thermal storage tank ; Then calculate the net output power of the photovoltaic system. ,in, ; Finally, the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates under photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy, as detailed below: Define net photovoltaic output power As a control criterion, the system operation is divided into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode based on its positive or negative value. A hierarchical control strategy is then constructed based on the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state, and thermal storage state for operation. More specifically: Determine the net output power of the photovoltaic system If so, it will operate in a photovoltaic surplus mode; otherwise, it will operate in an energy shortage mode.

[0038] When the net output power of photovoltaics is greater than 0, that is When the photovoltaic system outputs sufficient power, the hydrogen fuel cell is not operating. The power of the hydrogen fuel cell is then set through the energy management system. Then, based on electrochemical energy storage batteries... Temperature of the thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank The output power of the photovoltaic system is limited, and the power of each device is allocated based on the net output power of the photovoltaic system to achieve power balance and effective utilization of renewable energy. For specific settings regarding the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power and the power allocation of each device, please refer to the photovoltaic surplus model (Model 1). The energy management strategy flowchart is available in [link to flowchart]. Figure 3 .

[0039] Reference Figure 3 Under the photovoltaic surplus mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system The energy management system first sets the power of the hydrogen fuel cell. Then, based on the collected electrochemical cells Temperature of the thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank Limit the output power of the photovoltaic system, and combine it with the net output power of the photovoltaic power generation system. The size of the value determines the power allocation for each device, as follows: S101, Determining the electrochemical energy storage battery The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S102; otherwise, execute S113. S102, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S103; otherwise, proceed to S109. S103, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S104; otherwise, proceed to S107. S104, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... And execute S105; S105, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If yes, execute S106; otherwise, all net photovoltaic output power is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and the electric boiler and electrolytic cell do not work. S106, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the sum of the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery and the maximum operating power of the electric boiler, i.e. If so, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power (i.e., Electric boilers convert electrical energy into heat energy at maximum power (i.e., The remaining power is absorbed by the electrolytic cell (i.e.) If not, the electrolytic cell will not work (i.e. ), the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power (i.e. The remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler (i.e.) ); S107, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: and execute S108; S108, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electrolytic cell is not working (i.e.) The electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power. The remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler. If not, all net photovoltaic output power is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery (i.e., The electrolytic cell and electric boiler are not working (i.e.) , ); S109, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S110; otherwise, proceed to S112. S110, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to... And execute S111; S111, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electric boiler is not working (i.e. The net output power of photovoltaics is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery at maximum power (i.e., The remaining energy is absorbed by the electrolytic cell (i.e.) If not, all net photovoltaic output power is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery (i.e., The electrolytic cell and electric boiler are not working (i.e.) , ); S112, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be At this point, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery (i.e., The electric boiler and electrolytic cell are not working (i.e.) , ); S113, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S114; otherwise, execute S118. S114, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S115; otherwise, proceed to S117. S115, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is no longer being charged (i.e. The upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system is set to... Then execute S116; S116, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum power of the electric boiler, i.e. If so, the electric boiler operates at full power (i.e. The electrolyzer uses the remaining power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen (i.e., If not, the operating power of the electric boiler is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system (i.e., The electrolytic cell is not working (i.e.) ); S117, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is not being charged (i.e. The electrolytic cell is not working (i.e.) The upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system is set to... Electric boilers utilize the net output power of photovoltaics to generate heat (i.e., ); S118, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S119; otherwise, proceed to S120. S119, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: At this time, only the electrolytic cell is working, and its power is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, that is... ; S120, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... All energy storage systems are not working, that is , , The photovoltaic system is only used to meet the electricity load demand.

[0040] When the net output power of photovoltaics is greater than 0, that is At that time, if electrochemical energy storage battery Thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank When none of these reach their upper limits, electrochemical energy storage batteries, electric boilers, and electrolyzers can all operate, converting the net output power generated by the photovoltaic system into chemical energy, thermal energy, and hydrogen energy for storage. Therefore, the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to...

[0041] in, This represents the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system. This is the upper limit of the power of the electric boiler. The upper limit of charging power for electrochemical energy storage batteries. This represents the upper limit of the electrolyzer's power output. After the energy management system limits the output power of the photovoltaic system, it allocates power based on the net output power of the photovoltaic system. In this energy management strategy, electrochemical energy storage batteries have the highest priority, followed by thermal storage using a combination of electric boilers and thermal storage tanks, and finally, hydrogen production and storage via water electrolysis in the electrolyzer. Therefore, when the net output power of the photovoltaic system is less than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. When the photovoltaic net output power is used entirely to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, the electric boiler and electrolytic cell do not operate; when the photovoltaic net output power exceeds the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. Then, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the sum of the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery and the maximum operating power of the electric boiler. If the power is greater than 100%, the electrochemical energy storage battery will charge at maximum power, the electric boiler will convert electrical energy into heat energy at maximum power, and the remaining power will be absorbed by the electrolytic cell. If the power is less than 100%, the electrolytic cell will not work, the electrochemical energy storage battery will charge at maximum power, and the remaining power will be absorbed by the electric boiler.

[0042] If electrochemical energy storage battery and thermal storage tank The hydrogen storage tank has not reached its upper limit. Once the upper limit is reached, the electrolyzer stops working; therefore, the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to...

[0043] At this time, if the net output power of the photovoltaic is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler; otherwise, the net output power of the photovoltaic is used entirely to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler works.

[0044] If electrochemical energy storage battery and hydrogen storage tank The upper limit was not reached, while the thermal storage tank Once the upper limit is reached, the electric boiler stops working, and the output upper limit of the photovoltaic system is set to [value missing].

[0045] When the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the remaining power is absorbed by the electrolytic cell; otherwise, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is used entirely to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler works.

[0046] If electrochemical energy storage battery The upper limit was not reached, while the thermal storage tank and hydrogen storage tank When both reach their upper limits, the electric boiler and electrolytic cell cease operation, and the photovoltaic system's output upper limit is set to [value missing].

[0047] The net output power of photovoltaics is used to charge electrochemical energy storage batteries.

[0048] If electrochemical energy storage battery Reaching the upper limit, the thermal storage tank and hydrogen storage tank When neither of the output limits is reached, the electrochemical energy storage battery stops charging, and the output limit of the photovoltaic system is set to [value missing].

[0049] When the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum power of the electric boiler, the electric boiler operates at full power, and the electrolyzer uses the remaining power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. When the net output power is less than the maximum power of the electric boiler, the operating power of the electric boiler is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, and the electrolyzer does not work.

[0050] If electrochemical energy storage battery and hydrogen storage tank All reached their upper limits, while the thermal storage tank When the upper limit is not reached, the electrochemical energy storage battery does not charge, and the electrolytic cell does not operate. The electric boiler utilizes the net output power of the photovoltaic system for heat generation. At this time, the upper limit of the photovoltaic system is set to...

[0051] If electrochemical energy storage battery and thermal storage tank All have reached their upper limits, hydrogen storage tanks The power output of the photovoltaic system was limited because the upper limit was not reached.

[0052] At this time, only the electrolytic cell is working, and its power is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system.

[0053] If electrochemical energy storage battery Thermal storage tank and hydrogen storage tank All systems have reached their limits, all energy storage systems are not operating, and the photovoltaic system is only used to meet the electricity load demand. At this time, the output of the photovoltaic system is limited to...

[0054] When the net output power of photovoltaics is less than 0, that is When this occurs, it indicates that the photovoltaic system's output power is insufficient to support the electrical load. In this case, the electrolyzer will not operate. The electrolyzer power will be set through the energy management system. To meet electrical load and thermal demands, based on electrochemical energy storage batteries... Thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank The energy management system allocates the discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the operating power of the electric boiler. Detailed power allocation strategies are described in the energy shortage mode (Mode 2), and the energy management strategy flowchart is available in [link to flowchart]. Figure 4 .

[0055] Reference Figure 4 In the energy-deficient mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system The energy management system first sets the power of the electrolyzer. Then, based on chemical energy storage batteries Thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank The discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the operating power of the electric boiler are allocated as follows: S201, equipped with three electrochemical energy storage batteries The energy point, denoted as the first energy point. Second energy point and the third energy point ,and ; S202, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the third energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S203; otherwise, execute S205. S203, determining the electrochemical energy storage battery Whether the second energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute S204; otherwise, execute S206. S204, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the first energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute the shutdown command; otherwise, switch to grid-connected mode. S205, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the electrochemical energy storage battery meets the electrical load power, the electric boiler does not work, and the hydrogen fuel cell does not supply power; if not, the electric boiler operates at the average heat load power to supplement heat, that is... ; S206, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S207; otherwise, proceed to S208. S207, Identify the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the hydrogen fuel cell operates at full power. Running (i.e.) ), to carry out combined heat and power, the electric boiler is not working (i.e. Electrochemical energy storage batteries are used to balance the discrepancy between the electrical load power deficit and the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell, i.e. If not, insufficient hydrogen storage will prevent both the hydrogen fuel cell and the electric boiler from operating (i.e., , The power deficit of the basic electrical load is met by electrochemical energy storage batteries, i.e. ; S208, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, and hydrogen storage is sufficient at this time, the hydrogen fuel cell will operate at full power. Running (i.e.) ( ) to provide combined heat and power, supplementing heat and electricity, while the electric boiler operates at its working power Running (i.e.) The electrochemical energy storage battery balances the power deficit of the electrical load, and the deviation between the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electric boiler, i.e. If not, the hydrogen storage is insufficient, and the hydrogen fuel cell will not operate (i.e., Electric boilers operate at power Perform reheating (i.e.) The electrochemical energy storage battery discharges, that is... .

[0056] When the net output power of photovoltaic When the net output power of the photovoltaic system is less than 0, the electrochemical energy storage battery will be used. Energy management is divided into four stages, denoted as... , , and Combined with the temperature of the thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank hydrogen storage status It coordinates the output of electrochemical energy storage batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, and electric boilers to meet the demands of electrical and thermal loads.

[0057] When electrochemical energy storage battery When the energy level is high enough, it indicates that the electrochemical energy storage battery has sufficient energy and does not require auxiliary power from the hydrogen fuel cell, meaning the hydrogen fuel cell power is sufficient. Considering the lower limit constraint of the thermal storage tank temperature, when At this time, the thermal storage tank has sufficient heat storage, and there is no need for the electric boiler to work to supplement the heat. Therefore, the electrochemical energy storage battery only needs to meet the power deficit of the electrical load, that is, the discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery. ;when When the temperature of the thermal storage tank reaches its lower limit, the electric boiler needs to operate to supplement the heat. The power output of the electric boiler is adjusted according to historical data for the same period. The average value of the heat load power is obtained by calculating the heat load power.

[0058] in, This represents the historical real-time heat load power. This represents the average power output under heat load. At this point, the discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery is... This means that while the electrochemical energy storage battery meets the power deficit of the electrical load, it also supplies power to the electric boiler, converting electrical energy into heat energy to ensure the supply of heat energy.

[0059] When electrochemical energy storage battery At times, the electrochemical energy storage battery's charge is insufficient, requiring adjustments based on the hydrogen storage tank. The status of the hydrogen fuel cell is used to determine whether it needs to be activated for auxiliary power supply. At this point, it is still necessary to consider whether the temperature of the heat storage tank has reached its lower limit. At that time, if the hydrogen storage tank That is, when hydrogen storage is sufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell operates at full power. The system operates, providing combined heat and power (CHP) for supplemental heating and electricity generation, while the electric boiler... During operation, the stored heat is replenished. At this time, the electrochemical energy storage battery balances the power deficit of the electrical load and the deviation between the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electric boiler. If the hydrogen storage tank In other words, when hydrogen storage is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell will not operate. Electric boilers To provide supplemental heating, the electrochemical energy storage battery uses Discharge occurs. When At that time, if the hydrogen storage tank Hydrogen fuel cells at full power During operation, combined heat and power (CHP) is implemented. The electric boiler is not working, and the electrochemical energy storage battery is used to balance the power deficit of the electrical load with the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell. If the hydrogen storage tank In other words, when hydrogen storage is insufficient, neither the hydrogen fuel cell nor the electrolyzer operates, and the electrochemical energy storage battery meets the basic electrical load power shortfall. .

[0060] When electrochemical energy storage battery When the electrochemical energy storage battery reaches its set discharge energy limit, the system needs to switch to grid-connected mode to prevent deep discharge. If the grid-connected / off-grid switching operation is not completed properly due to mechanical failure or other reasons, resulting in deep discharge of the electrochemical energy storage battery and reaching the energy warning line, then... In such cases, the energy management system issues shutdown commands to the equipment within the system to prevent system crashes.

[0061] This invention designs a grid-connected operation strategy for extreme operating conditions. To prevent excessive photovoltaic power from feeding back into the grid, a maximum photovoltaic power limit is first set. Meanwhile, to reduce the operating time and start-stop frequency of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell, and to extend their lifespan, neither the electrolyzer nor the hydrogen fuel cell operates in grid-connected mode. , Then, the temperature of the thermal storage tank is checked. If the temperature of the thermal storage tank has not reached the upper limit, the electric boiler will supplement the heat at maximum power; otherwise, the electric boiler will not work. If the photovoltaic power is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, that is... Electrochemical energy storage batteries are charged at maximum charging power. The charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery is set to the output power of the photovoltaic system, meaning that only the green electricity from the photovoltaic system is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery. This reduces the system's power demand on the grid and lowers system operating costs. When the electrochemical energy storage battery... When the limit is reached, the system switches to off-grid mode; otherwise, it continues to operate in grid-connected mode. The energy management strategy process in grid-connected mode is as follows: Figure 5 Specifically: S301, collects photovoltaic power generation. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Temperature of the thermal storage tank ; S302, setting the upper limit of photovoltaic power as follows: And neither the electrolyzer nor the hydrogen fuel cell is working (i.e.) , ); S303, determine the status of the thermal storage tank, i.e., determine If so, the electric boiler will provide supplemental heating at maximum power (i.e., If not, the electric boiler will not work. ); S304, determine whether the photovoltaic power is greater than the maximum charging power of the chemical energy storage battery, i.e., determine... If so, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at its maximum charging power (i.e., If not, set the charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery to the output power of the photovoltaic (i.e., ); S305, determines the state of an electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e., determines... If yes, switch to offline mode; otherwise, return to S301 to continue running.

[0062] This invention discloses an energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system. Based on the relationship between photovoltaic power generation and load power, a unified scheduling mechanism is constructed to achieve coordinated and optimized operation of the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling. Under photovoltaic surplus mode, a hierarchical energy allocation mechanism is built for electric energy storage, thermal energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage to achieve multi-form energy storage. Under energy shortage mode, hierarchical control is implemented based on the state of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries, and the operation of hydrogen fuel cells and electric boilers is coordinated in conjunction with hydrogen and thermal storage states to meet electricity and heat load demands. Specifically, photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and hierarchical energy allocation strategies are used to improve photovoltaic absorption capacity, thereby reducing curtailment and avoiding power backfeeding. Simultaneously, a multi-energy storage priority scheduling mechanism is established to achieve efficient collaborative operation of electric energy storage, thermal energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage. Furthermore, a hierarchical control strategy based on energy storage states is constructed to improve the system's energy supply stability under off-grid and complex operating conditions. Finally, the operation strategies of key equipment are optimized to reduce the number of start-ups and shutdowns of the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cells, thereby improving equipment lifespan and energy utilization efficiency.

[0063] This invention also discloses a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions from a computer storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function. This invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method. The computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both built-in storage media in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space containing the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also contains one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor; these instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0065] This invention is described in terms of flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0066] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0067] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can be modified and replaced in several simple ways, and these modifications and replacements are all within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. An energy management method for an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system, characterized in that, include: Construct an electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupled system: including a photovoltaic power generation system, electrochemical energy storage battery, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen fuel cell, electric boiler and thermal storage tank, which is an integrated energy system of electro-thermal-hydrogen coupling. Each system unit is connected to a unified DC bus through a power electronic converter and is centrally controlled by an energy management system. Based on maximizing the use of renewable energy, the energy management system takes system power balance as its core. The electric-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates with photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy. It also combines electrochemical energy storage status, hydrogen storage status and thermal storage status to construct a hierarchical control strategy for power allocation.

2. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In off-grid mode, the energy management system first collects the photovoltaic power generation. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Hydrogen storage tank hydrogen storage status Temperature of the thermal storage tank Then calculate the net output power of the photovoltaic system. Finally, the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates under photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy.

3. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system operates under photovoltaic power upper limit constraints and a hierarchical energy allocation strategy, specifically as follows: Define net photovoltaic output power As a control criterion, the system operation is divided into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode according to its positive and negative values, and a hierarchical control strategy is constructed for operation based on the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state and thermal storage state respectively. in, .

4. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Define net photovoltaic output power As a control criterion, the system operation is divided into photovoltaic surplus mode and energy shortage mode based on its positive or negative value. A hierarchical control strategy is then constructed based on the electrochemical energy storage state, hydrogen storage state, and thermal storage state for operation, including: Determine the net output power of the photovoltaic system If so, it will operate in a photovoltaic surplus mode; otherwise, it will operate in an energy shortage mode.

5. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Under the photovoltaic surplus mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system The energy management system first sets the power of the hydrogen fuel cell. Then, based on the collected electrochemical cells Temperature of the thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank Limit the output power of the photovoltaic system, and combine it with the net output power of the photovoltaic power generation system. The size of the value determines the power allocation for each device, as follows: S101, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S102; otherwise, execute S113. S102, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S103; otherwise, proceed to S109. S103, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S104; otherwise, proceed to S107. S104, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... And execute S105; S105, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If yes, execute S106; otherwise, all net photovoltaic output power is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and the electric boiler and electrolytic cell do not work. S106, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the sum of the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery and the maximum operating power of the electric boiler, i.e. If yes, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, the electric boiler converts electrical energy into heat energy at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electrolytic cell; if no, the electrolytic cell does not work, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler. S107, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: and execute S108; S108, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electrolytic cell does not work, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at maximum power, and the remaining power is absorbed by the electric boiler; if not, all the net output power of the photovoltaic is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler works. S109, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, execute S110; If not, proceed to S112; S110, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to... And execute S111; S111, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e. If so, the electric boiler will not work, and the net output power of the photovoltaic system will be used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery at maximum power, with the remaining energy absorbed by the electrolytic cell; otherwise, the net output power of the photovoltaic system will be used entirely to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and neither the electrolytic cell nor the electric boiler will work. S112, Set the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be At this time, the net output power of the photovoltaic system is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage battery, and the electric boiler and electrolytic cell are not working. S113, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S114; otherwise, execute S118. S114, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S115; otherwise, proceed to S117. S115, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is no longer being charged, and the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to... Then execute S116; S116, determine whether the net output power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the maximum power of the electric boiler, i.e. If so, the electric boiler operates at full power, and the electrolyzer uses the remaining power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen; if not, the operating power of the electric boiler is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, and the electrolyzer does not work. S117, at this point, the electrochemical energy storage battery is not charging, the electrolyzer is not working, and the upper limit of the photovoltaic system's output power is set to... Electric boilers utilize the net output power of photovoltaics to generate heat; S118, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S119; otherwise, proceed to S120. S119, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system as follows: At this time, only the electrolytic cell is working, and its power is equal to the net output power of the photovoltaic system, that is... ; S120, setting the upper limit of the output power of the photovoltaic system to be... All energy storage systems are not working, that is , , The photovoltaic system is only used to meet the electricity load demand.

6. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Under energy-deficient mode, the net output power of the photovoltaic system The energy management system first sets the power of the electrolyzer. Then, based on chemical energy storage batteries Thermal storage tank Hydrogen storage tank The discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage battery, the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the operating power of the electric boiler are allocated as follows: S201, equipped with three electrochemical energy storage batteries The energy point, denoted as the first energy point. Second energy point and the third energy point ,and ; S202, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the third energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment If yes, execute S203; otherwise, execute S205. S203, determining the electrochemical energy storage battery Whether the second energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute S204; otherwise, execute S206. S204, Identifying electrochemical energy storage batteries Whether the first energy point has been reached, i.e., the judgment. If yes, execute the shutdown command; otherwise, switch to grid-connected mode. S205, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the electrochemical energy storage battery meets the electrical load power, the electric boiler does not work, and the hydrogen fuel cell does not supply power; if not, the electric boiler operates at the average heat load power to supplement heat, that is... ; S206, Determine the thermal storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If yes, proceed to S207; otherwise, proceed to S208. S207, Identify the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, the hydrogen fuel cell operates at full power. During operation, combined heat and power (CHP) is implemented. The electric boiler is not working, and the electrochemical energy storage battery is used to balance the power deficit of the electrical load with the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell. If not, insufficient hydrogen storage will prevent both the hydrogen fuel cell and the electric boiler from operating, and the electrochemical energy storage battery will meet the basic electrical load power shortfall. ; S208, Check the hydrogen storage tank The state, i.e., the judgment If so, and hydrogen storage is sufficient at this time, the hydrogen fuel cell will operate at full power. The system operates, providing combined heat and power (CHP) for supplemental heating and electricity generation, while the electric boiler operates at its maximum power. During operation, the electrochemical energy storage battery balances the power deficit of the electrical load, and the deviation between the maximum power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electric boiler, i.e. If not, the hydrogen storage is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell will not operate, and the electric boiler will operate at its operating power. During the reheating process, the electrochemical energy storage battery discharges, i.e. .

7. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The working power of the electric boiler From historical data within the same time period The average value of the heat load power is obtained by the following formula: in, This represents the historical real-time heat load power. This represents the average heat load power.

8. The energy management method for the electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electro-thermal-hydrogen multi-energy coupling system can also operate in grid-connected mode, specifically as follows: S301, collects photovoltaic power generation. Electrical load power State of charge of electrochemical energy storage batteries Temperature of the thermal storage tank ; S302, setting the upper limit of photovoltaic power as follows: Furthermore, neither the electrolyzer nor the hydrogen fuel cell is in operation; S303, determine the status of the thermal storage tank, i.e., determine If so, the electric boiler will supplement the heat at maximum power; If not, the electric boiler will not work; S304, determine whether the photovoltaic power is greater than the maximum charging power of the chemical energy storage battery, i.e., determine... If yes, the electrochemical energy storage battery is charged at its maximum charging power; otherwise, the charging power of the electrochemical energy storage battery is set to the output power of the photovoltaic. S305, determines the state of an electrochemical energy storage battery, i.e., determines... If yes, switch to offline mode; otherwise, return to S301 to continue running.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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