Method for operating a roller press for compacting or briquetting material and roller press for compacting or briquetting material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a roller press (1) for compacting or briquetting a material, wherein the roller press (1) has two counter-rotating press rollers (2) between which a nip is formed and at least one of the roller surfaces of the press rollers is provided with an embossing, the material being pressed between the roller surfaces in the nip into a cake (3) or briquettes or briquetting strips, the press rollers being cooled during operation. The method is characterized in that at least one characteristic parameter is determined continuously during operation, which characteristic parameter depends on the formation of adhesions of the material on the embossed roller surface and one or more operating parameters of the press are changed in dependence on the determined at least one characteristic parameter in order to reduce the adhesions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for operating a roller press for compacting or briquetting materials, wherein the roller press has two counter-rotating (e.g., rotationally driven) pressure rollers (i.e., compaction rollers or briquetting rollers), a gap is formed between the rollers, and one or both rollers have embossed surfaces (e.g., corrugations or briquetting recesses), the material being pressed into cakes, briquettes, or briquette strips in the gap between the (shaped) roller surfaces. Preferably, the roller surfaces are cooled (during operation) and thus the temperature is regulated by cooling.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a roller press that operates in this manner and is configured as a compactor for compacting materials or a briquetting machine for briquetting materials. Background Technology

[0003] Roller presses (whether briquetting or compaction) are constructed as high-pressure roller presses, in which material, such as granular or bulk material, is compacted under high pressure in the gap between the rollers. In a compaction machine, material is compacted in the gap between the rollers into a continuous strip of material, which is called a briquette. In a briquetting machine, material is pressed in the gap between the rollers into briquettes or strips of briquettes composed of multiple briquettes by briquetting tools (with briquetting recesses) provided on the roller surfaces. In both cases, at least one roller can be brought closer to the other roller by means of a force generating device, such as hydraulically. The rollers may, for example, each have a roller core (with a shaft) and a roller sleeve or a tool section provided on the roller core, which has a roller surface and thus forms the roller surface.

[0004] In this embodiment, the roller press serves as a compactor, for example, for manufacturing fertilizer granules by so-called pressure granulation or compaction granulation. Raw materials (e.g., inorganic substances) are pressed and compacted under high pressure in a high-pressure roller press, producing material strips, or so-called cakes. This process step is referred to as agglomeration. Granulation is then typically achieved in another step (using separate equipment components such as crushers and / or mills) by pulverizing the cakes, and subsequently, preferably, by grading.

[0005] In a briquetting machine, the roller surface is typically composed of roller sleeves or sections with briquetting recesses, allowing the raw material to be pressed into briquettes or briquetting strips within the roller gap. These briquetting strips can be individually separated into briquettes in subsequent processing steps. Briquettes are used, for example, in the manufacture of HBI (hot-pressed iron blocks), by pressing direct reduced iron into briquettes.

[0006] During operation, compactors, such as those used in fertilizer manufacturing, tend to cause material to adhere to the textured roller surfaces when compacting inorganic materials. This adhesion is also known as fusion. The fusion tendency depends on the temperature of the roller surface, which is strongly influenced by the feed temperature and therefore the temperature of the high-temperature feed material. The fusion tendency can also be indirectly affected by ambient temperature, as the temperature of the feed material typically increases due to reduced heat loss at higher ambient temperatures. As the feed temperature increases, the fusion tendency also increases. For this reason, the rollers of compactors used, for example in fertilizer manufacturing, are cooled during operation, for example by internal cooling, which also leads to cooling of the roller surface to suppress the fusion tendency. The same applies to briquettes.

[0007] For example, a pressure roller for a roller press is known from DE 10 2012 106 527 A1, which has a roller core and a coolable roller sleeve fixed to the roller core. Multiple cooling channels extending parallel to the axis and distributed circumferentially below the surface of the roller sleeve are provided in the roller sleeve. These cooling channels are connected to an axial central channel within the roller core via radially extending inflow and outflow channels. Distribution from the central channel to the cooling channels within the roller sleeve is achieved by a distribution ring connected to the end of the roller sleeve.

[0008] For example, DE 10 2020 131 638 A1 describes the manufacture of fertilizer pellets using a roller press and a downstream twin-roll mill. In this prior art, the focus is on cooling the grinding rollers of the twin-roll mill, which is connected downstream of the high-pressure roller press and used to crush fertilizer cake.

[0009] Methods for monitoring the operation of high-pressure roller presses are known from DE 10 2020 114 815 A1 and DE 10 2020 114 835 A1.

[0010] Monitoring the operation of roller presses is particularly important in roller presses used for crushing materials, not for compaction or briquetting, and is also known as bed roller mills. The focus here is primarily on monitoring wear or damage to the roller surfaces. Examples can be found in WO 2023 / 104294 A1, WO 2022 / 023869 A1, WO 2014 / 068453 A1, WO 200809016 A1, and DE 21 2021 000 130 U1.

[0011] DE 20 2015 106 156 U1 describes a roller mill with a sensor unit that measures the distance to the grinding surface during operation to monitor wear. When controlling the drive unit, an evaluation unit considers the determined amount of wear. Therefore, the drive control of the two pressure rollers can be adjusted to influence the wear of the pressure rollers according to specified criteria, for example, by applying a smaller torque to the corresponding pressure roller when wear is more severe, to achieve a balance in the cumulative wear of the two pressure rollers.

[0012] Furthermore, a method for preventing material to be briquetteed from adhering to the roller surface of a briquetting roller press is known from DE 197 31 975 A1. For this purpose, a lubricant emulsion atomized by gas is sprayed onto the roller surface. Intermittent spraying can be performed. Alternatively, the metering can be automatically readjusted based on the adhesion behavior.

[0013] WO 2018 / 036978 A1 relates to monitoring and control systems for automatically optimizing grinding and rolling systems, particularly for grinding and / or crushing grains or for processing viscous materials, especially chocolate paste, printing inks and similar materials by crushing and homogenization.

[0014] DE 10 2020 130 265 A1 relates to a roller pressing apparatus, for example, for the manufacture and processing of rubber or silicone materials. To reduce material adhesion to the rollers, a wetting device for applying a liquid is provided.

[0015] In addition, JP 2017-030034 A discloses a pressure roller having an integrated cooling device for cooling the pressure roller bearing.

[0016] WO 2007 / 025395 A1 describes a method for monitoring the operating status of rotating pressure rollers in industrial equipment, wherein vibration can be detected during roller operation and measures can be taken during operation accordingly, such as issuing optical or acoustic alarm signals or even shutting down at least a portion of the equipment. The focus is on roller mills used for grain processing or roller presses used for processing suspensions such as chocolate or coatings. Summary of the Invention

[0017] Based on known prior art, the objective of this invention is to provide a method by which the operation of roller presses for compacting or briquetting materials, and thus the operation of compactors or briquetting machines, can be optimized.

[0018] To address this task, the present invention teaches, in a similar method of the type described at the beginning, to continuously (i.e., intermittently or continuously) determine at least one characteristic parameter during operation, which depends on the adhesion of material to the embossed roller surface, and to change one or more operating parameters of the press according to the determined one or more characteristic parameters, thereby reducing adhesion to the roller surface.

[0019] This invention is based on the understanding that adhesion and therefore fusion tendency on the rollers of a compactor or briquetting machine negatively impacts operation because increased adhesion reduces the machine's productivity. For example, adhesion during compaction leads to a reduction in cake thickness, thereby decreasing productivity. This reduction in cake thickness also results in an increased undesirable proportion of rework, which further reduces the machine's productivity and generally adversely affects adhesion formation. On the other hand, adhesion formation also depends on the surface characteristics of the rollers, as, for example, increased surface roughness leads to increased adhesion. Increased adhesion, in turn, leads to surface corrosion, which increases roughness, and this increased roughness, in turn, adversely affects the adhesion tendency in the aforementioned manner.

[0020] Based on this understanding, the method according to the invention reduces and minimizes adhesion as much as possible by continuously monitoring the formation of adhesion and thus bonding during operation. This is achieved by continuously determining a characteristic parameter that depends on the adhesion of material on the textured roller surface. This characteristic parameter can be determined, for example, by direct measurement using a measuring device, such as a sensor. Here, the measuring device can be, for example, a vibration sensor, thus determining the vibration value of the roller press as a characteristic parameter. The invention recognizes that the vibration of the roller press is sensitively related to the degree of adhesion and therefore the tendency to weld, and therefore welding can be determined very effectively by monitoring vibration. However, in principle, other parameters and therefore measured values ​​related to adhesion on the roller surface can also be considered. Alternatively, the fluctuation values ​​of machine parameters can be determined as characteristic parameters, such as the roll gap width, the pressing pressure of one or two pressure rollers, and / or the fluctuation of the motor current or motor torque of one or two drive devices of the pressure rollers. For this purpose, one or more measuring devices with, for example, one or more sensors can be provided. The one or more sensors measure, for example, the roll gap width, the pressing pressure, and / or the motor current or motor torque. A fluctuation value, representing the degree of fluctuation in the corresponding machine parameter, is determined from the measured values ​​using a measuring device (or evaluation device, which may also be part of the measuring device). This fluctuation value can be used as the degree of adhesion within the scope of this invention.

[0021] Alternatively, data can be acquired in a measuring device with one or more sensors or cameras, and characteristic parameters can be (indirectly) determined from this data using a computer. For example, a camera or imaging system can be used to monitor the roller surface, and a computer can determine information about adhesion and therefore characteristic parameters representing the degree of adhesion from the acquired image data.

[0022] Of particular importance is that the method according to the invention allows for a targeted response to adhesion formation by altering one or more operating parameters of the press according to determined characteristic parameters and thus according to the degree of adhesion, thereby reducing adhesion. Therefore, according to the invention, the tendency to fuse is specifically suppressed through predetermined control or regulation of the equipment. Thus, according to the invention, the roller press is operated such that adhesion generated during operation is removed again by appropriately altering the press's operating parameters, that is, the press is self-cleaning and descaling during operation.

[0023] As operating parameters that vary for self-cleaning and descaling and thus suppress the tendency to fuse, such as the pressure of a roller press and therefore the pressing pressure, the pressing pressure changes during operation according to determined characteristic parameters, such as fluctuations in vibration or press machine parameters. The present invention is based on the understanding that if the initially set pressing pressure is reduced (e.g., temporarily), adhesion generated during operation can be removed again during operation. By reducing the pressing pressure, adhesion can be reduced and, if necessary, removed. Subsequently, if it is determined, within the scope of the method of the present invention, that adhesion has been reduced based on monitored characteristic parameters, the pressing pressure can then be increased again, for example, to a previously set normal value. Thus, the onset of growth (adhesion) (which may be caused, for example, by the high temperature of the feed material) can be identified and responded to by adjusting the pressure accordingly in one embodiment. Therefore, energy input can be reduced and the roller surface can be restored to normal. When one or more characteristic parameters improve, the pressure can then be increased again, for example, to the initial value.

[0024] Alternatively or supplementally, adhesion can be suppressed by changing the cooling and / or temperature, i.e., using the temperature of the cooling and / or pressure rolls (e.g., roll surface temperature) as a variable operating parameter, since the pressure rolls of the preferred roll press are each equipped with a cooling device. This can be internal cooling, for example, via the shaft or roll core (e.g., via the core hole). The surface of the pressure roll and thus the textured roll surface can also be cooled by cooling the roll body itself. Alternatively or supplementing internal cooling via the core, cooling can also be performed, for example, via cooling channels to the roll sleeve or sector. By changing the cooling, the surface temperature of the roll surface can be changed, and thus the roll surface temperature generated by or through the cooling can be used as an operating parameter. For example, if fusion or adhesion is determined in operation with specific parameters, such as a specific pressing pressure and a specific temperature, the adhesion can be suppressed by lowering the temperature and, for example, by increasing the cooling. If the adhesion is thus reduced, the cooling can then be lowered again and the temperature increased.

[0025] Alternatively or supplementarily, the feed temperature of the material entering the roller gap can be changed as an operating parameter. That is, by reducing the feed temperature, adhesion can be reduced, and after the adhesion is reduced, the feed temperature can be increased again if necessary.

[0026] Alternatively or supplementarily, the rotational speed of the pressure roller can also be used as a variable operating parameter; that is, the rotational speed of the pressure roller can be changed to reduce adhesion. For example, if adhesion is determined during operation, the rotational speed of the pressure roller can be reduced. This will produce an improved cooling effect due to the reduced throughput and thus reduce adhesion, thereby suppressing the tendency to fuse through a variable rotational speed.

[0027] Alternatively or supplementarily, the amount of material supplied can also be changed as a variable operating parameter. That is, to reduce adhesion, the amount of material fed into the roller press, or its volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate, can be altered. For example, if adhesion is determined during operation, the amount of material supplied (e.g., volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate) can be reduced by adjusting the corresponding upstream equipment such as the conveyor screw, conveyor belt, or throttle valve or orifice. This results in improved cooling due to the reduced flow rate and thus reduces adhesion. Therefore, adhesion or fusion can also be suppressed through variable material supply.

[0028] In addition, or alternatively or supplementarily, the return material ratio, i.e., the proportion of fine material returned, can be used as an operating parameter to reduce adhesion. This can be achieved, for example, by changing the crushing process that affects the return material ratio.

[0029] In general, the variable operating parameters of the roller press should take into account pressing pressure, cooling and / or roller surface temperature and / or roller rotation speed and / or the amount of material supplied (or volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate) and / or return ratio.

[0030] In principle, to avoid or reduce adhesion, it is suitable to change only one of the operating parameters, such as only changing the pressure or temperature. However, alternatively, within the scope of this invention, multiple operating parameters can be changed to suppress adhesion.

[0031] Operating methods for reducing adhesion can be implemented in an open-loop control sense. However, closed-loop regulation is particularly preferred. One or more operating parameters are modified in a closed-loop manner such that the deviation between the determined actual value of the characteristic parameter and the target value of the characteristic parameter is reduced, and in particular minimized. This could be, for example, regulation with variable pressure, that is, changing the pressure in the closed-loop control loop such that the deviation between the actual value of the characteristic parameter, such as vibration or fluctuation, and the preset target value is minimized.

[0032] It is advantageous to specify specific limit values ​​for the setting of operating parameters during the adjustment process, so that the pressing pressure is not arbitrarily reduced, for example, to reduce adhesion. Therefore, the variation of the one or more operating parameters during the adjustment process can be, for example, in such a way that it does not exceed or fall below one or more preset maximum or minimum values ​​of the one or more operating parameters. Therefore, it is preferable to define limit values ​​during adjustment. It is always advantageous to compare target values ​​with actual values ​​in an adjustment sense. Actual values ​​can be acquired, for example, by measurement using one or more measuring devices, as described above. Direct measurement of characteristic parameters can be considered, for example, using sensors such as vibration sensors, pressure sensors, or position sensors. Alternatively, characteristic parameters, or their actual values, can be determined indirectly by acquiring data using one or more measuring devices or cameras and calculating the characteristic parameters from this data.

[0033] Furthermore, the fusion tendency that this invention aims to suppress is related in practice to the fact that the feed material is typically warm or hot. Therefore, when compacting inorganic materials to manufacture fertilizer granules, a specific temperature is usually required to achieve high-quality compaction. For this reason, cooling cannot be arbitrarily increased, as this would conflict with compaction.

[0034] In general, according to the present invention, the operating parameters should be changed in such a way that the quality of the resulting cakes, briquettes, or briquettes is not affected or is not lower than its quality requirements.

[0035] Furthermore, open-loop control or closed-loop regulation strategies can be variably adjusted according to specific circumstances, such as the type of feed material or its mixing ratio and / or the ambient temperature of the press, such as outdoor temperature and / or indoor temperature. Therefore, "daytime mode" and "nighttime mode" and / or "summer mode" and "winter mode" can be set and implemented in the control system.

[0036] Particularly preferred is that the method is performed using a roller press and thus a compactor for compacting materials. This may, for example, involve the compaction of inorganic materials, particularly for the manufacture of fertilizer pellets, wherein the surface of at least one roller is provided with embossing (e.g., corrugations) for producing a cake.

[0037] Alternatively, the method can also be performed using a roller press configured as a briquetting machine, and this briquetting machine is used, for example, for briquetting ferrous iron directly reduced to briquettes and thus for manufacturing briquettes (hot briquettes), wherein the roller surface of the briquetting machine is provided with briquetting tools, i.e. briquetting recesses, which form a textured roller surface.

[0038] This invention relates not only to the method described above, but also to a roller press of the type described above, having two counter-rotating rollers with a gap between them and at least one (or both) roller surfaces having embossing. The roller press can be a compactor or a briquetting machine. The roller press according to the invention is equipped with a control device (e.g., a control and / or regulating device) configured to perform the method described above. In particular, this control device (e.g., as a regulating device) can implement the regulating algorithm of the type described above. Furthermore, the roller press preferably also has at least one measuring device by which the at least one characteristic parameter can be determined directly or indirectly, for example, incorporated into the regulating process. For this purpose, reference can be made to the description of the claimed method, which is equally applicable to the claimed roller press. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate only embodiments. The drawings are as follows: Figure 1 A simplified schematic illustration of a fertilizer pellet manufacturing apparatus with a roller press; Figure 2 A roller press having control and / or adjustment devices for performing the method of the present invention is illustrated in a simplified schematic manner. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the method of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Figure 1A simplified schematic diagram illustrates an apparatus for manufacturing granules, such as fertilizer granules. The apparatus includes a roller press 1 (as a compactor) having two counter-rotating rollers 2, with a gap W formed between the rollers. Raw material M, such as inorganic material for fertilizer production, is fed into the roller press 1 and compacted into a strip of material, i.e., a so-called cake 3, within the gap W between the rollers 2. The cake 3 is then pulverized into granules 5 in one or more crushing devices, such as a roller mill 4. The material discharged from the mill 4 is classified in a grading device 6, such as a screening device, and thus the final product EP is discharged, while the fine material R is returned and re-fed into the roller press 1. This invention relates to... Figure 1 The operation of the roller press 1 installed in the equipment shown.

[0041] The roller press 1 (which is configured as a compactor in this embodiment and can also be configured as a briquetting machine) in Figure 2 Simplified representation. It has the aforementioned counter-rotating pressure rollers 2, with a gap W formed between the rollers. The roller surfaces of one or both pressure rollers 2 are embossed. In the case of a compactor, this can be, for example, corrugated. The raw material M is drawn into the gap W between the two pressure rollers 2 and compacted therein into the aforementioned cake 3. The pressure rollers 2 are both cooled and therefore equipped with a cooling device (not shown), which is specifically for cooling the surfaces of the pressure rollers, since the raw material M is usually fed into the roller press 1 in a hot state at a high temperature. Here, the material M, especially due to the high temperature, tends to adhere to and thus fuse onto the embossed roller surface. These adhesions are simplified according to... Figure 3 The flowchart is shown schematically.

[0042] According to the present invention, this tendency to fuse is suppressed. To this end, at least one characteristic parameter is continuously determined during operation, depending on the adhesion 7 formed by the material M on the embossed roller surface. As a characteristic parameter, a fluctuation value can be determined, which is determined by measurement using a sensor 8 of fluctuations in machine parameters, such as fluctuations in the roll gap width. Therefore, the roll gap width W can be determined using the sensor 8, and thus the fluctuation value can be determined. By monitoring this fluctuation value, the occurrence of fusion can be identified and responded to, because according to the present invention, one or more operating parameters of the press are changed based on the determined characteristic parameter, such as the fluctuation value determined using the sensor 8, thereby reducing or eliminating the adhesion 7.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure and therefore the suppression pressure P can be adjusted as operating parameters, more precisely, based on the determined characteristic parameters and therefore based on the detected fluctuations. This is in Figure 3The diagram illustrates the process. Once adhesion 7 begins to form on the roller surface (method step A), these adhesions 7 are identified directly or indirectly by means of sensor 8 (method step B), and the pressing pressure P is subsequently adjusted (method step C). This results in a reduction in energy input and thus restores the roller surface to normal (method step D). This is again identified by sensor 8 because of the change in characteristic parameters and therefore the signal change of the sensor used to measure these characteristic parameters (method step E). The control device 9 responds to this in an adjustable manner by further increasing the operating parameters, i.e., the pressing pressure P (method step F).

[0044] therefore, Figure 3 An adjustment strategy for dealing with adhesion on the rollers of a compactor or briquetting machine is shown. One or more operating parameters (e.g., pressing pressure P) are adjusted in such a way that the deviation between the actual and target values ​​of the characteristic parameters is reduced. The aforementioned pressing pressure P is considered as an operating parameter. Alternatively or supplementarily, a variable cooling or a variable temperature T of the roller 2 can also be used as an operating parameter. Therefore, in response to the deviation between the actual and target values ​​of the characteristic parameters, the cooling can be adjusted, thus changing and, in particular, reducing the roller surface temperature. Adhesion is suppressed and the roller surface becomes self-cleaning by reducing the roller surface temperature. Once this is detected, the temperature can be increased again. Alternatively, the feed temperature T of the material M supplied to the roller gap can also be used. A As an operating parameter, the rotational speed n of the pressure roller can also be used. Alternatively or supplementarily, the mass flow rate of the supplied raw material can be used as an operating parameter by adjusting the feeding device upstream of the roller gap (e.g., a conveyor screw or belt, a throttle valve or orifice). Furthermore, alternatively or supplementarily, the return material ratio R and the percentage of return material can also be used as operating parameters.

[0045] Figure 3 The adjustment strategy shown can be used with the help of Figure 2 The roller press shown is implemented. Figure 2 In addition to the roller press 1 with two pressure rollers 2, a detection device is also shown, such as a sensor 8 for detecting vibration. This sensor can acquire an actual value I (e.g., the actual value of the fluctuation value). The sensor is connected to a control device 9 (or a regulator of the control device), which is provided with, for example, a target value S for the fluctuation value and thus for characteristic parameters. The control device 9 or regulator identifies the deviation between the target value S and the actual value I and responds by changing operating parameters, such as changing the pressure P and / or the temperature T and / or the feed temperature T. A and / or rotational speed n and / or mass flow rate of the supplied raw material And / or the return material ratio R.

[0046] For example, the press can initially be operated at a roller surface temperature T of 125 °C and a preset pressing pressure P of 180 bar. If adhesion is detected, for example, due to increased temperature, the pressing pressure can be reduced to, for example, 165 bar, thus allowing the roller surface to self-clean. The pressure P can then be increased back to the initial value.

[0047] It is advantageous to specify specific limit values ​​for the setting of operating parameters (e.g., P and / or T) during the adjustment process, so as not to set arbitrarily low pressing pressures, for example, in order to reduce adhesion. Therefore, changes to operating parameter P or operating parameters P and T can be made, for example, during the adjustment process, in such a way that they do not exceed or fall below one or more preset maximum or minimum values ​​of the one or more operating parameters. Therefore, it is preferable to define limit values ​​in the control. This applies not only to the exemplary operating parameters P and T, but also to other alternatively given operating parameter T. A n And R or other possible operating parameters. Related details are not shown in the accompanying drawings.

Claims

1. A method for operating a roller press (1) for compacting or briquetting materials, wherein, The roller press (1) has two counter-rotating rollers (2) with a gap (W) between them and at least one of the roller surfaces having embossing. The material (M) is pressed into a cake (3) or block or strip in the gap (W) between the roller surfaces. The rollers (2) are preferably cooled during operation. The press is characterized by continuously determining at least one characteristic parameter during operation, which depends on the adhesion (7) of the material (M) on one or more embossed roller surfaces. One or more operating parameters of the press are changed according to the determined at least one characteristic parameter to reduce adhesion (7).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to the determined at least one characteristic parameter, one or more operating parameters of the press are changed such that by changing the one or more operating parameters, the one or more characteristic parameters are reduced or increased, thereby reducing adhesion (7).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, By adjusting the one or more operating parameters in this way, the deviation between the determined actual value (I) of the one or more characteristic parameters and the target value (S) of the one or more characteristic parameters is reduced, and in particular, the deviation is minimized.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The change of the one or more operating parameters, for example, during adjustment, is made such that it does not exceed or is not lower than one or more preset maximum or minimum values ​​of the one or more operating parameters.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The press (1) operates with a variable pressure (P) as an operating parameter, and the pressure (P) is changed according to a determined characteristic parameter, for example by adjustment.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The press (1) features variable cooling and / or variable (surface) temperature (T) and / or variable feed temperature (T). A The cooling and / or the temperature (T) and / or the feed temperature (T) are used as operating parameters, and the cooling and / or the temperature (T) are used as operating parameters. A It can be changed based on the determined characteristic parameters, for example, by adjustment.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The press (1) operates with a variable raw material supply, for example, with a variable volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate of the supplied raw material as an operating parameter, and the amount of material supplied, or the volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate of the supplied raw material ( It can be changed based on the determined characteristic parameters, for example, by adjustment.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The press (1) operates with a variable speed as an operating parameter, and the speed is changed according to a determined characteristic parameter, for example by adjustment.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The characteristic parameter is determined by measurement, for example, as the actual value (I), using a measuring device, such as a sensor (8).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, As a characteristic parameter, the vibration value is determined by means of a vibration sensor (8), for example, as the actual value.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The fluctuation value is used as a characteristic parameter, which is determined by the fluctuation of machine parameters, for example by means of one or more measuring devices.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The fluctuation value is determined by the fluctuation of the roll gap width, the fluctuation of the pressing pressure of one or two pressure rollers, or the fluctuation of the motor current or motor torque of one or two drive devices of each pressure roller, for example by means of one or more measuring devices, which acquire measurement values ​​and thereby determine the fluctuation value by means of one or more sensors.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Data is collected by measurement using measuring devices, such as one or more sensors or cameras, and characteristic parameters, such as actual values, are determined from this data using a computer.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, used for compacting inorganic materials, particularly for manufacturing fertilizer granules, wherein, One or two rollers have embossed surfaces for producing the cake.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, used for briquetted materials, such as direct reduced iron, to produce briquettes (e.g., hot-pressed iron, HBI), wherein, The roller surface is provided with or equipped with a pressing tool having pressing recesses, the pressing tool forming a textured roller surface.

16. A roller press (1) for compacting or briquetting materials, comprising: Two counter-rotating pressure rollers (2), with a gap (W) formed between the rollers and one or both roller surfaces having embossing; and a control device (9) for operating the roller press. The control device (9) is characterized in that it is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The roller press according to claim 16, comprising at least one measuring device for determining the at least one characteristic parameter.

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