A method for cultivating flower seed seedlings

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings, belonging to the field of seedling cultivation technology. This invention addresses three major industry pain points in the cultivation of flower seeds with surface attachments: air film wetting obstacles, ineffective deep sterilization, and unstable sowing drift. It employs vacuum degassing to remove air trapped within the microstructure of the seed attachments, and uses pressure permeation to fill the surface of the attachments and the roots with a functional liquid, forming a continuous liquid pad structure. The liquid pad is then used to anchor the coating material to prepare coated seeds. After sowing, the coating layer rapidly disintegrates, releasing the functional liquid components to complete seed germination and seedling cultivation. This invention significantly improves seed germination potential and germination rate, effectively reduces the incidence of seedling diseases, and enhances sowing stability. It is suitable for the large-scale, standardized cultivation of various flower seeds with surface attachments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for cultivating flower seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] The flower industry is an important part of my country's modern agriculture. Among them, the mainstream flower varieties such as Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Amaranthaceae have seeds with pappus, scales, barbs, hairs and other attachments on the seed coat surface. These attachments are special structures that plants have evolved to adapt to wind and animal dispersal, but they have also brought long-standing pain points to the large-scale seedling cultivation industry.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally adopts the traditional process of conventional seed soaking and germination, chemical disinfection, and seedbed sowing for the cultivation of flower seeds with surface attachments. However, it has not targeted the special structure formed by the surface attachments of the seeds, resulting in three major insurmountable defects in the existing technology: the long hairs, pappus, and layered scales on the seed surface form a large number of microscopic depressions and capillary gaps. When the seed comes into contact with water, a large amount of air is trapped in the gaps and a stable hydrophobic air film is formed on the seed periphery, blocking the capillary permeation path of water to the seed coat; at the layered areas of seed attachments, the base of the barbs, and the areas where long hairs grow, there are a large number of micron-sized closed spaces. The pappus, long hairs and other attachments increase the specific surface area of ​​the seed, while reducing the overall bulk density of the seed, giving the seed extremely strong aerodynamic sensitivity and buoyancy.

[0004] Existing conventional atmospheric pressure seed soaking processes can only attempt to improve the imbibition effect by extending the soaking time, but they cannot break the stable air film within the microscopic gaps, resulting in insufficient seed imbibition, low germination rate, and severely delayed germination cycle. Furthermore, the seed soaking process is limited by surface tension and air film barriers, preventing the solution from overcoming microvascular resistance to penetrate into the closed gaps of the roots of the attached organism. It can only disinfect the outer surface of the seed, allowing deep-seated pathogens to survive and germinate rapidly under the temperature and humidity conditions of seedling cultivation, leading to large-scale outbreaks of seedling damping-off and seedling blight. In existing conventional sowing processes, seeds are easily scattered by the wind and float with irrigation water, failing to form a stable solid-phase contact with the seedling substrate, causing sowing displacement and seed exposure, ultimately resulting in uneven emergence and transplanting failure.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies have not yet formed a set of technical inventions that can systematically solve the pain points of seedling cultivation of flowers with surface attachments, and cannot simultaneously meet the three core requirements of seed viability protection, full surface sterilization, and sowing stability. Therefore, developing a stable cultivation method that solves the above pain points is an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical invention: a method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings, comprising:

[0008] S1: Place the seeds to be treated in a sealed container and degas them under room temperature conditions of 15℃-25℃ and vacuum conditions of -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa to remove the air trapped in the micro-depressions and capillary gaps between the seed attachments.

[0009] S2: Introduce functional liquid into the sealed container while maintaining a vacuum, and adjust the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa. Driven by the pressure difference, the functional liquid fills the surface, layer gaps and roots of the seed attachment to form a continuously wetting liquid pad structure, filling and covering the cavity of the root of the attachment to form a liquid continuum.

[0010] S3: When the seed is in a wet state of liquid pad structure, apply coating material to the seed surface and use the liquid pad structure to anchor the coating material to the gaps of the seed attachment and the root to form a coated seed.

[0011] S4: The coated seeds are sown in the seedling substrate. Upon contact with irrigation water, the coating layer of the seed disintegrates, releasing the functional liquid components within the coating layer and the liquid pad structure, thus completing seed germination and seedling cultivation.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seeds in the sealed container are continuously turned at a rotation speed of 5r / min-10r / min during the degassing process, and the degassing time is 10-20min.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the functional liquid comprises, by mass fraction, 0.05%-0.2% of a nonionic penetrant, 0.1%-0.5% of a penetrating bactericide, 0.2%-0.8% of a germination nutrient, and the remainder is water.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic penetrant is at least one of Tween-80, Tween-60, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the penetrating bactericide is at least one of imazalil, fludioxonil, and difenoconazole; and the germination nutrient is at least one of brassinolide, gibberellin, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, while adjusting the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa, the ultrasonic generator is activated to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment on the functional liquid at a frequency of 20kHz-40kHz and a power of 50W-100W to peel off the pathogenic spores attached to the roots of the attached material.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the coating material, by total mass fraction, comprises 5.0%-11.0% mineral powder, 1.8%-4.5% biodegradable water-based binder, 0.9%-2.2% density-compensating particles, 0.18%-0.65% slow-release bactericide, and the balance being deionized water.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mineral powder is at least one of 300-800 mesh lightweight calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and talc; the biodegradable water-based binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and sodium alginate; the density-compensating particles are at least one of refined quartz sand and barite powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm-0.3 mm; and the slow-release bactericide is chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a microcapsule particle size of 5 μm-20 μm.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the coating material is applied to the seed surface using a fluidized bed coating process. The inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed coating process is 30℃-35℃, the material temperature is 22℃-28℃, and the atomization pressure is 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. After coating, the seeds are dried at a constant temperature of 25℃ until the seed moisture content is 8%-12%.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the coating layer of the coated seed is configured to physically disintegrate within 30s-60s after contact with free water.

[0020] A coated seed, comprising, from the inside out: a flower seed kernel with surface attachments, a functional liquid pad layer continuously covering the seed kernel and all the attachment surfaces, and a biodegradable coating layer covering the outermost layer; the overall bulk density of the coated seed is 1.1 g / cm³-1.8 g / cm³, and the outer surface is spherical or near-spherical.

[0021] This invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) This invention addresses the three core technical defects in the seedling cultivation of flower seeds with surface attachments: air film wetting barrier, deep sterilization failure, and seed drift instability. Through a systematic technical solution of vacuum degassing, pressure penetration, and liquid pad anchoring, it achieves the technical objectives of rapid and uniform seed absorption and germination, long-term antibacterial effect on the entire surface, and precise and stable seeding, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of flower seedling cultivation.

[0023] (2) This invention employs vacuum degassing to remove air trapped in the microscopic depressions and capillary gaps between seed attachments. Combined with pressure osmosis, the functional liquid is driven by the pressure difference to fill the surface of the seed attachments, the gaps between layers, and the roots, forming a continuously wetting liquid pad structure. This technical solution transforms the originally loose attachments into a framework of coating material through microstructure, breaking the barrier of the hydrophobic gas film formed by trapped air to water penetration, allowing the functional liquid to directly contact the seed coat and the hidden space of the roots of the attachments. Compared with conventional technologies, this invention... Compared to traditional seed soaking processes that only moisten the outer surface of seeds and cannot penetrate to deeper structures, the penetrating bactericide in the functional liquid of this invention penetrates to the roots of the attached organism simultaneously with the liquid, achieving immediate deep sterilization. Combined with the slow-release and long-lasting antibacterial effect of chitosan-encapsulated fludioxonil microcapsules in the coating layer, the incidence of seedling diseases is reduced by 90.6% under normal conditions. Even in high humidity seedling environments with a relative humidity of 85%-90%, the incidence of seedling diseases can still be controlled below 4.1%, solving the problem of secondary infection by deep pathogens in high humidity environments.

[0024] (3) This invention utilizes a liquid pad structure as an interface bridging layer to anchor the coating material to the gaps and roots of the seed attachment. Density compensation particles are added to the coating material, and the loose attachment is bundled into a spherical or near-spherical dense structure through a fluidized bed coating process. Compared with conventional sowing processes in the prior art, which have low seed bulk density, strong aerodynamic sensitivity, and are easily dispersed by a light breeze and float in irrigation water, this invention increases the overall bulk density of the coated seeds to 1.1 g / cm³-1.8 g / cm³, and reduces the sowing drift rate by 96.7%. This allows the seeds to accurately land during sowing and form a stable solid-phase contact with the seedling substrate, avoiding sowing displacement and seed exposure problems. The uniformity of seedling emergence is increased by more than 40%, and the transplanting success rate reaches more than 98%, meeting the requirements of mechanized precision sowing.

[0025] (4) The liquid pad structure of the present invention provides a basis for the penetration and sterilization of the functional liquid, and creates conditions for the uniform adhesion of the coating material and the binding of the adhering substances; while the density compensation and structural binding effect of the coating layer further ensure that the functional components in the liquid pad structure can be accurately released and act on the microenvironment around the seed after sowing; the synergistic effect of the above technical features enables the present invention to simultaneously take into account the core requirements of seed vigor protection, full surface sterilization and sowing stability, overcome the limitation of the prior art that can only partially improve a single problem, and provide a complete and efficient solution for the large-scale and standardized seedling cultivation of flower seeds with surface adhering substances. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical inventions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the flower seed and seedling cultivation method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the coated seeds of this invention;

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Seed kernel; 2. Surface deposits; 3. Liquid cushion layer; 4. Coating layer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical inventions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] Application Overview;

[0033] The structures of flower seeds with surface attachments, such as pappus, scales, and barbs, create numerous microscopic depressions and capillary crevices during soaking. These crevices trap air, forming a hydrophobic film that blocks capillary penetration of water into the seed coat. The hidden space within the roots of the attachments prevents disinfectants from fully penetrating the seeds, resulting in sterilization limited to the outer surface. Deep-seated pathogens can survive and rapidly infect the seedling stage. Simultaneously, the attachments reduce the overall bulk density of the seeds, making them highly sensitive to airflow and irrigation water. During sowing, the seeds are easily scattered by the wind or float on water, making it difficult to form a stable solid phase with the seedling substrate. Existing seed soaking and germination processes attempt to increase the degree of imbibition by extending the soaking time. Seed dressing with chemicals and seedbed thickening measures only partially improve the contact situation. None of these methods address the aforementioned contradictions by displacing interfacial gases and adjusting the overall seed density, resulting in persistent problems such as slow germination, uneven emergence, and high incidence of damping-off and seedling blight.

[0034] This invention employs vacuum degassing to remove trapped air from the microscopic depressions and capillary gaps of seed attachments. Combined with pressure osmosis, it creates a continuously wetting liquid pad structure on the surface of the seed attachments, in the layered gaps, and at the roots. This liquid pad anchors the coating material, resulting in coated seeds that disintegrate upon contact with water and release the functional liquid components. This addresses three problems in seedling cultivation with attached seeds: air film wetting barriers, failure of deep sterilization, and seed drift instability. Compared to conventional seed soaking and pelleting technologies, this solution overcomes the blockage of liquid penetration by the air film through physical aeration, directional liquid filling, and bulk density control. It achieves full-surface sterilization, controllable and rapid disintegration of the coating layer, and post-sowing anchoring, thus improving germination uniformity and seedling survival rate.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for cultivating flower seedlings includes the following steps:

[0036] S1: Place the seeds to be treated in a sealed container and degas them under room temperature conditions of 15℃-25℃ and vacuum conditions of -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa to remove the air trapped in the micro-depressions and capillary gaps between the seed attachments.

[0037] S2: Introduce functional liquid into the sealed container while maintaining a vacuum, and adjust the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa. Driven by the pressure difference, the functional liquid fills the surface, layer gaps and roots of the seed attachment to form a continuously wetting liquid pad structure, filling and covering the cavity of the root of the attachment to form a liquid continuum.

[0038] S3: When the seed is in a wet state of liquid pad structure, apply coating material to the seed surface and use the liquid pad structure to anchor the coating material to the gaps of the seed attachment and the root to form a coated seed.

[0039] S4: The coated seeds are sown in the seedling substrate. The coating layer of the coated seeds disintegrates after contact with irrigation water, releasing the functional liquid components in the coating layer and liquid pad structure, thus completing seed germination and seedling cultivation.

[0040] When using core methods, key issues need to be addressed: the setting of vacuum degree, duration, and turning speed during degassing must ensure that the gas in the micro-nano gaps is fully exhausted while avoiding excessive water loss or mechanical damage to the seeds; after the functional liquid is introduced, the selection of pressure increase range and ultrasonic frequency power parameters must match the morphology of the attached organisms to displace deep-root gases and remove attached pathogen spores, while preventing damage to the seeds from ultrasonic cavitation or pressure fluctuations; when applying coating materials under a wetted liquid pad, the rheological properties and wetting and spreading ability of the coating slurry must be coordinated with the thickness of the liquid pad, otherwise it is easy to cause uneven bonding between the coating layer and the seed attachments or local leakage; the compound ratio of non-ionic penetrants, penetrating fungicides, and germination nutrients in the functional liquid needs to achieve a balance between promoting imbibition germination and avoiding phytotoxicity.

[0041] Before implementation, the seeds to be treated undergo basic screening and grading to remove obviously damaged, moldy, and mechanically crushed seeds. They are also classified according to the type of attachment, such as pappus type, long hair type, scale-layered type, barb type, and composite attachment type. Pappus type seeds typically have a large specific surface area and low overall bulk density, requiring density compensation to improve sowing stability. Scale-layered type seeds form closed cavities in the overlapping area, requiring high vacuum and ultrasonic assistance. Long hair type seeds are sensitive to the spreading ability of wetting agents and the binding ability of binders on fiber bundles; therefore, different attachment structures have different requirements for degassing time, penetrant selection, pressurization amplitude, and the rheological properties of the coating material.

[0042] Specifically, S1: Place the seeds to be treated in a sealed container and degas them under room temperature conditions of 15℃-25℃ and a vacuum environment of -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa to remove the air trapped in the micro-depressions and capillary gaps between the seed attachments. During the degassing process, the seeds in the sealed container are continuously turned at a speed of 5r / min-10r / min for 10-20min.

[0043] After screening and grading, the seeds are placed in a sealed treatment container. The filling amount is preferably 30% to 70% of the effective volume of the container. If the filling is too small, the seeds will not have enough contact with each other when turning, which is not conducive to overall rolling and uniform pressure. If the filling is too large, the seeds will easily pile up too thickly, and the inner layer of seeds will not be easy to turn over, which will affect the degassing effect.

[0044] After the container is closed, an ambient temperature of 15℃ to 25℃ is maintained. This temperature balances the gas desorption kinetics with the physiological safety of the seeds. The vacuum pump is then activated to reduce the pressure inside the container to -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa. As the ambient pressure decreases, the air trapped in the microscopic depressions and capillary gaps between the seed attachments expands, allowing air molecules to escape from the gap structure. This effectively removes the air trapped within the microscopic structure of the seed surface, preventing damage to seed cells and reducing equipment operating costs. Specifically, for pappus-type or long-haired attachments, a vacuum level of -0.085MPa to -0.092MPa is preferred, balancing degassing efficiency and seed viability. For scale-overlapping or barbed attachments, a vacuum level of -0.093MPa to -0.095MPa is preferred to promote the escape of air from the sealed cavity.

[0045] During the vacuuming process, the seeds inside the sealed container are flipped using a flipping drive mechanism. The flipping drive mechanism preferably adopts a swing arm type slow flipping structure, with the container continuously flipped at 5r / min-10r / min. This repeatedly opens the gaps and root areas that are not easily exposed to the low-pressure environment, preventing the seeds from forming a compacted layer with excessive local stress due to long-term static accumulation. At the same time, it promotes slight dispersion between the attached materials, making it easier for air to escape from between the fiber bundles or scale layers.

[0046] For pappus-type seeds, a medium-low speed of 6r / min-8r / min is preferred for tumbling to prevent excessive tangling of the pappus bundles; for scale and barb-type seeds, a relatively high speed of 8r / min-10r / min is preferred to increase the switching frequency.

[0047] The degassing time is preferably 10-20 minutes. If the time is too short, the air in the deep area of ​​the attached material will not be completely released, and local unwetted areas are likely to form during subsequent pressurization and liquid delivery. If the time is too long, it will reduce the production cycle. In practical applications, the degree of degassing can be judged by the precipitation of tiny bubbles on the seed surface. When it is observed that the precipitation of large bubbles gradually decreases during the seed turning process and the attached material no longer obviously releases continuous bubbles, it is considered that degassing is complete.

[0048] In step S2, while maintaining a vacuum, functional liquid is introduced into the sealed container, and the pressure inside the sealed container is adjusted to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa. Driven by the pressure difference, the functional liquid fills the surface, interlayer gaps and roots of the seed attachment, forming a continuously moistened liquid pad structure. While adjusting the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa, an ultrasonic generator is activated to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment on the functional liquid at a frequency of 20kHz-40kHz and a power of 50W-100W, thereby peeling off the pathogenic spores attached to the roots of the attachment.

[0049] Specifically, the present invention preferably introduces a functional liquid into a sealed container while maintaining a vacuum or low pressure state, and then raises the pressure inside the container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa, thereby establishing a positive pressure difference of 0.1MPa-0.3MPa between the sealed container and the pores inside the seed attachment; this positive pressure difference drives the functional liquid to overcome the surface tension of the attachment and the capillary resistance of the gaps, and continuously fill the surface of the attachment, the gaps between layers and the root area, forming a continuously wetted liquid pad structure, providing a uniform liquid medium environment for subsequent peeling.

[0050] The liquid pad structure is determined by the following methods: observing the seed surface change from localized water repellency to overall uniform wetting; observing the attachment changes from a loose and scattered state to a slightly constricted liquid state while still maintaining the original structure; and observing obvious liquid traces rather than a dry and gas-containing state in the root and crevices of the attachment when randomly sampled for dissection or low magnification.

[0051] To ensure the consistency and repeatability of the liquid cushion structure formation, in addition to the qualitative judgment by visual inspection and low-magnification microscopy, the following three quantifiable and repeatable objective indicators can be used for comprehensive judgment. Meeting any two of these indicators is sufficient to confirm that the liquid cushion structure has been successfully formed:

[0052] Seed weight gain rate was calculated by weighing the dried seeds (M0) before degassing treatment and the seeds (M1) after pressure osmosis and 30 seconds after draining surface free water, and then calculating the weight gain rate using the formula. :

[0053] Weight gain rate A score of 15%-25% is considered acceptable.

[0054] Seed surface contact angle was measured using a contact angle measuring instrument. After pressure penetration, three different locations were randomly selected on the seed surface, avoiding obvious damage. 1 μL of deionized water was added, and the static contact angle of the droplets was recorded after 5 seconds of contact with the seed surface. A contact angle ≤30° was considered acceptable.

[0055] Liquid penetration depth: 0.1% methylene blue staining agent was added to the functional solution. After pressure penetration was completed, 5 seeds were randomly selected and cut along the longitudinal axis of the seeds. The penetration depth of the staining solution in the root of the attached organism was observed under a stereomicroscope at 10-40x magnification. The staining solution completely covered the interface between the root of the attached organism and the seed coat, with no unstained dry area.

[0056] During the liquid introduction process, the functional liquid slowly enters the container from the bottom or lower side, filling and surrounding the seeds from bottom to top, reducing seed agglomeration and damage to attached materials caused by high-speed liquid flow. Initially, the liquid enters at a low flow rate to ensure stable contact with the seed surface and gradual filling of the microstructure. After the seeds are submerged, the pressure is gradually increased to the preset value to prevent localized turbulence from causing the attached material structure to collapse or the pappus to become entangled. After reaching 0.1MPa-0.3MPa, the pressure is maintained for 2-8 minutes, allowing sufficient time for the functional liquid to fully spread along the crevices, roots, and surface microstructure.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic generator is activated simultaneously during the pressurization and liquid guiding stage to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment of the functional liquid at 20kHz-40kHz and 50W-100W. By utilizing the cavitation and micro-disturbance effects of ultrasound, pathogenic spores, dust particles, and tiny bubbles wrapped in the liquid film attached to the roots are more easily desorbed, while promoting the renewal of the liquid in the micro-channels.

[0058] The functional liquid, by mass fraction, includes 0.05%-0.2% nonionic penetrant, 0.1%-0.5% penetrating bactericide, 0.2%-0.8% germination nutrient, with the remainder being water; wherein, the nonionic penetrant is at least one of Tween-80, Tween-60, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the penetrating bactericide is at least one of imazalil, fludioxonil, and difenoconazole; and the germination nutrient is at least one of brassinolide, gibberellin, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements.

[0059] The preparation steps of the functional liquid are as follows:

[0060] S21: Weigh out 95%-98% of the total mass of deionized water according to the formula and add it to the stirring tank. Control the water temperature at 20℃-25℃ to avoid high temperature causing degradation of active ingredients.

[0061] S22: Slowly add the pretreated nonionic penetrant at a stirring speed of 200r / min-300r / min; after the addition is complete, increase the stirring speed to 400r / min-500r / min and continue stirring for 10min-15min until the penetrant is completely dissolved and the solution is transparent and homogeneous.

[0062] S23: Reduce the stirring speed to 200r / min-250r / min and slowly add the penetrating bactericide; for solid bactericides, they should be pre-dissolved in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol before being added to the aqueous solution; after the addition is complete, continue stirring for 15min-20min to ensure that the bactericide is evenly dispersed in the solution;

[0063] S24: Keep the stirring speed constant and slowly add the germination nutrients; brassinolide and gibberellin should be prepared into a stock solution with a small amount of organic solvent, such as ethanol, before adding to avoid excessive local concentration and phytotoxicity; after the addition is complete, continue stirring for 10-15 minutes.

[0064] S25: Reduce the stirring speed to 100r / min-150r / min and circulate the stirring at low speed for 10min to ensure that all components are fully mixed and homogeneous; then let it stand for 5min under a vacuum of -0.05MPa--0.06MPa to remove large air bubbles from the solution; add deionized water to the total amount of the formula to obtain the functional liquid.

[0065] The entire preparation process should be carried out under light-protected conditions to avoid the decomposition and inactivation of photosensitive components such as gibberellin. The functional solution should be prepared and used immediately, and the storage time should not exceed 12 hours. If short-term storage is required, it should be sealed and placed in a refrigerated environment at 4℃-8℃. Stir it again before use. When two or more similar components are used in combination, add the component with lower solubility first, and add the component with higher solubility after it is completely dissolved.

[0066] In terms of material selection, nonionic penetrants in functional liquids are used to reduce the surface tension of the liquid and improve its spreading and wetting ability on hairy, pappus, scale, and barbed surfaces; Tween-80 is preferred for pappus-type and coarse fiber bundles of attachments, as it spreads quickly and is gentle on most common flower seeds; Tween-60 is preferred for seeds with a lot of fine hairy attachments on the surface, as it can form a more uniform wetting layer and avoid local accumulation of liquid; fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is preferred for scale-overlapping, barbed, or seeds that have both rough surfaces and locally closed cavities, as it has a strong continuous wetting ability on crevices.

[0067] Penetrating fungicides are used to simultaneously penetrate the roots and interstitial areas of the attached organisms during the establishment of the liquid pad structure, blocking the latent source of pathogens in the seedling stage; prochloraz is preferred for scenarios where seed viability protection is required and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity is needed; fludioxonil is preferred for situations where the risk of fungal diseases is high and spores are easily retained on the roots of the attached organisms; difenoconazole is preferred for scenarios where good systemic conduction or persistence is required.

[0068] Germination nutrients provide favorable conditions for rapid germination and uniform seedling emergence after sowing; brassinolide is preferred for improving germination vigor under low temperature or transplanting stress; gibberellin is preferred for accelerating germination of seeds with shallow dormancy or slow germination initiation; and water-soluble fertilizers containing macroelements are preferred for providing nutritional support for early root elongation and embryo formation.

[0069] In step S3, while the seeds are in a wetted state under the liquid pad structure, a coating material is applied to the seed surface. The liquid pad structure anchors the coating material to the gaps between the seed attachments and the roots, forming coated seeds. The coating material is applied to the seed surface using a fluidized bed coating process. The inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed coating process is 30℃-35℃, the material temperature is 22℃-28℃, and the atomization pressure is 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. After coating, the seeds are dried at a constant temperature of 25℃ until the seed moisture content is 8%-12%.

[0070] Specifically, in step S3, the seeds are in a wetted state within a liquid pad structure. This liquid pad structure serves as an interfacial bridging layer, allowing the coating material to fix the attachments along the gaps between the attachments and at the roots. A fluidized bed coating process is used to apply the coating material, ensuring the seeds are fully agitated in a gentle fluidized state, allowing the coating material to adhere evenly in all directions. The spraying conditions (liquid and powder) can be flexibly adjusted to easily control the coating layer thickness, moisture content, and surface roundness. For seeds with irregular morphologies such as pappus, long hair, and barbed types, the fluidized bed process gradually gathers the attachments layer by layer, forming a near-spherical shape.

[0071] Specifically, with the seeds kept moist in the liquid pad structure, the prepared coating slurry is continuously sprayed onto the fluidized seed surface through an atomizing nozzle with droplet sizes of 10μm-30μm. The spraying rate is controlled at 5mL / min-10mL / min. The water in the liquid pad structure and the water in the coating slurry form a continuous aqueous phase, allowing the mineral powder, density compensation particles, and binder in the coating material to penetrate into the gaps and roots of the substrate along with the water. With the continuous action of the airflow in the fluidized bed, the water gradually evaporates, and the biodegradable water-based binder solidifies on the surface and in the gaps of the substrate to form a three-dimensional network structure, combining the coating material with the substrate.

[0072] The fluidized bed inlet air temperature should be controlled at 30℃-35℃, the material temperature at 22℃-28℃, and the atomization pressure at 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. Too low an inlet air temperature hinders timely removal of surface moisture, easily causing seed adhesion; too high a temperature may cause localized excessively rapid drying, resulting in premature hardening of the coating surface before the inner layer is formed, affecting disintegration performance and the binding effect of adhering substances. The material temperature should be controlled within a range conducive to seed formation without excessive heating. Too low an atomization pressure will lead to excessively large droplets and localized over-wetting; too high a pressure may result in excessively fine droplets and insufficient liquid actually deposited on the seed surface. After coating, the seeds should be dried at a constant temperature of 25℃ until the seed moisture content is 8%-12% to facilitate storage, transportation, and sowing, while avoiding excessive drying that could cause the binding network to crack.

[0073] The coating material, by total mass fraction, includes 5.0%-11.0% mineral powder, 1.8%-4.5% biodegradable water-based binder, 0.9%-2.2% density-compensating particles, and 0.18%-0.65% slow-release bactericide, with the balance being deionized water; the mineral powder is at least one of 300-800 mesh lightweight calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and talc; the biodegradable water-based binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and sodium alginate; the density-compensating particles are at least one of refined quartz sand and barite powder with a particle size of 0.1mm-0.3mm; and the slow-release bactericide is chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a microcapsule particle size of 5μm-20μm.

[0074] The mineral powder in the coating material serves as the main skeleton filler, selected from at least one of 300-800 mesh light calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and talc. Light calcium carbonate is used in general applications where formability, cost, and whiteness need to be considered, as its fine particles and good dispersibility allow it to quickly form a uniform skeleton. Diatomaceous earth, due to its porous structure, is preferred for applications where enhanced liquid retention and localized water retention after disintegration are desired. Talc has a smooth surface and is preferred for improving the feel of the coating surface, reducing transport resistance, and enhancing the adaptability to seeding equipment.

[0075] The biodegradable water-based binder is selected from at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and sodium alginate. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has good film-forming and adhesion capabilities, making it suitable for seeds with many attachments and requiring strong anchoring ability. Xanthan gum is beneficial for forming a tough coating network that can still quickly disintegrate after contact with water, making it suitable for implementation methods that require high disintegration rates. Gum arabic has good wettability, which helps the coating material spread more evenly on irregular surfaces, making it suitable for seeds with obvious scales and barbs. Sodium alginate is preferred for scenarios that require good rheological control during the coating formation stage, while achieving rapid ion exchange and loose structure during post-sowing free water contact.

[0076] The density-compensating particles are selected from at least one of refined quartz sand and barite powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. Refined quartz sand has the characteristics of controllable particle size, stable chemical properties, and moderate hardness, and is suitable for most general sowing scenarios. Barite powder has a higher density and is suitable for situations where the original seeds are extremely light, have a lot of attached substances, and are easily affected by wind and water during the sowing process. It improves the stability of seeds under the conditions of seed tray sowing, substrate surface landing, and irrigation water impact.

[0077] The slow-release bactericide is a chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsule. The chitosan wall material provides biocompatibility and is stably dispersed during the coating formation stage. After sowing, it is gradually released as the coating layer disintegrates. This slow-release bactericide has a continuous bactericidal effect after sowing: it inhibits the continued proliferation of residual pathogens in the high-humidity environment of the seed tray.

[0078] The preparation steps of the coating material are as follows:

[0079] S31: The selected mineral powder is sieved through a standard test sieve to collect particles between 300 and 800 mesh, removing coarse particles and impurities; the sieved mineral powder is then dried in a 105℃ oven for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and sealed for later use, with its moisture content controlled to ≤0.5%;

[0080] The biodegradable water-based adhesive is crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to remove lumps, then sealed for later use.

[0081] Density-compensating particles were graded using a standard test sieve, and particles with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm were collected. The particles were washed three times with deionized water to remove fine powder and dust from the surface, dried in an oven at 120°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and then sealed for later use.

[0082] The slow-release bactericide was classified using an airflow sieve separator, and microcapsule particles with a particle size of 5μm-20μm were collected.

[0083] S32: Weigh out 80%-85% of the total mass of deionized water according to the formula and add it to the mixing tank, controlling the water temperature at 25℃-30℃; slowly add the pretreated biodegradable water-based binder powder at a stirring speed of 300r / min-500r / min.

[0084] After the material is added, increase the stirring speed to 800r / min-1000r / min and continue stirring for 30min-60min until the adhesive is completely dissolved to form a transparent and uniform adhesive solution.

[0085] Then reduce the stirring speed to 200 r / min, keep it warm and stand for 2 hours to allow the adhesive to fully swell and form a base adhesive solution with stable viscosity;

[0086] When using two or more adhesives in combination, xanthan gum or sodium alginate, which dissolves more slowly, should be added first and stirred for 20 minutes before adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or gum arabic, which dissolves more quickly, to ensure that all components are dissolved evenly.

[0087] S33: At a stirring speed of 200r / min-300r / min, slowly add the pretreated mineral powder to the base adhesive solution, and control the feeding time to 10min-15min; after the feeding is completed, increase the stirring speed to 600r / min-800r / min and continue stirring for 20min to make the mineral powder evenly dispersed in the adhesive solution and form a uniform suspension system.

[0088] Keep the stirring speed constant, slowly add the pretreated density compensation particles, and continue stirring for 15 minutes to ensure that the density compensation particles are evenly suspended in the slurry and to avoid sedimentation and stratification.

[0089] Reduce the stirring speed to 300-400 rpm, slowly add the pretreated slow-release bactericide, and continue stirring for 10 minutes. During stirring, avoid high-speed shearing that could damage the slow-release bactericide and ensure its structural integrity.

[0090] S34: The dispersed slurry is homogenized by a high-pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 10MPa-15MPa, and the homogenization is repeated twice to further break up any possible small agglomerates and make the slurry particle size distribution uniform.

[0091] S35: Transfer the homogenized slurry to a vacuum mixing vessel and stir at 100r / min-150r / min for 15 minutes under a vacuum of -0.06MPa to 0.07MPa to remove air bubbles from the slurry. After defoaming, add deionized water to the total amount of the formula and adjust the solid content of the slurry to 20%-30% to obtain a coating material slurry that can be directly used for fluidized bed coating.

[0092] The entire preparation process should be carried out at room temperature of 20℃-30℃ to avoid excessive temperature causing degradation of the binder or rupture of the microcapsules. The coating material slurry should be prepared and used immediately, and the storage time should not exceed 24 hours. If short-term storage is required, it should be sealed and placed in a refrigerated environment of 4℃-8℃, and stirred again before use.

[0093] S4: The coated seeds are sown in the seedling substrate. The coating layer of the coated seeds disintegrates after contact with irrigation water, releasing the functional liquid components in the coating layer and liquid pad structure, thus completing seed germination and seedling cultivation. The coating layer of the coated seeds is configured to physically disintegrate within 30-60 seconds after contact with free water.

[0094] Specifically, the coated seeds are sown in a loose, well-aerated, and moderately moist seedling substrate. When sowing, the shape of the coated seeds has been transformed from the original irregular attached shape to a spherical or near-spherical shape, which is conducive to precision sowing in seed trays and mechanized seeding. Since the overall bulk density is significantly higher than that of the untreated original seeds, they are not easily shifted by slight airflow during sowing, nor are they easily floated away when watering.

[0095] After sowing, the initial irrigation causes the seed coat to disintegrate within 30-60 seconds upon contact with the irrigation water. Under the influence of free water, the binding network absorbs water and swells, the mineral skeleton loosens, and the density-compensating particles lose their overall support and disperse. This leads to rapid lysis or loosening and peeling of the seed coat. The functional liquid components retained in the liquid pad structure, as well as the slow-release fungicide in the seed coat, are gradually released into the microenvironment surrounding the seed. The seed coat contacts external moisture more quickly, reducing resistance to radicle germination. The local environment around the roots and seeds exhibits higher levels of antibacterial activity and nutrient support, which is beneficial for improving germination uniformity and seedling vigor.

[0096] During the seedling stage, keep the substrate moist but not waterlogged to prevent seeds from becoming oxygen-deficient due to excessive water accumulation on the substrate surface after the coating has disintegrated. For flower seeds that germinate slowly or are sensitive to temperature, greenhouse temperature control, light management, and ventilation management can be used to create a more stable seedling environment.

[0097] like Figure 2 As shown, a coated seed comprises, from the inside out: a flower seed kernel 1 with surface attachments 2, a functional liquid pad layer 3 continuously covering the seed kernel 1 and the entire surface of the attachments, and a biodegradable coating layer 4 covering the outermost layer; the overall bulk density of the coated seed is 1.1 g / cm³-1.8 g / cm³, and the outer surface is spherical or near-spherical.

[0098] Among them, after the functional liquid enters the interior of the attached material, the liquid pad layer 3 retains, bridges and fixes the functional component layer on the surface and gaps of the attached material during the subsequent coating and drying process; the coating layer 4 confines the attached material in a spherical or near-spherical shape.

[0099] When the coating layer 4 disintegrates, the attached material adheres evenly to the area around the seed and forms a transitional contact with the substrate. For pappus-type seeds, this helps to prevent the pappus from becoming fluffy and scattered again over a large area. For scale and barbed seeds, this helps to prevent the accumulation of untreated pathogens at the roots of the attached material, which could lead to repeated infection in the high humidity environment of seedling cultivation.

[0100] Source of materials:

[0101] Tween-80, food grade, HLB value 15.0, purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., model T80-2024;

[0102] Tween-60, food grade, HLB value 14.9, purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., model T60-2024;

[0103] Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-9), industrial grade, hydroxyl value 170-180 mgKOH / g, purchased from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical Plant, model AEO9-03;

[0104] Imazalil, 98% technical grade, purchased from Jiangsu Huifeng Bio-Agriculture Co., Ltd., model MC-2023;

[0105] Fludioxonil, 97% technical grade, purchased from Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., model FL-2024;

[0106] Difenoconazole, 95% technical grade, purchased from Zhejiang Shijia Technology Co., Ltd., model DZ-2023;

[0107] Brassinolide, 0.1% emulsifiable concentrate, purchased from Chengdu Xinchaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd., model BR-01;

[0108] Gibberellin (GA3), 90% crystalline powder, purchased from Shanghai Tongrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model GA3-90;

[0109] Water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements, NPK=20-20-20+TE, purchased from Jiangsu Longdeng Chemical Co., Ltd., model WSF-2020;

[0110] Light calcium carbonate, 300 mesh, whiteness ≥92%, purchased from Guangxi Huana New Materials Co., Ltd., model CC-300;

[0111] Diatomaceous earth, 500 mesh, SiO2 content ≥90%, purchased from Jilin Yuantong Mining Co., Ltd., model DG-500;

[0112] Talc powder, 800 mesh, whiteness ≥90%, purchased from Liaoning Aihai Talc Co., Ltd., model HS-800;

[0113] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), viscosity 300-800 mPa·s, degree of substitution 0.6-0.8, purchased from Shandong Heda Group Co., Ltd., model CMC-FH6;

[0114] Xanthan gum, food grade, viscosity 1200-1600 mPa・s, purchased from Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd., model XG-80;

[0115] Gum arabic, food grade, viscosity 50-100 mPa·s, purchased from Roquette, France, model ARABIC-100;

[0116] Sodium alginate, industrial grade, viscosity 200-400 mPa·s, purchased from Qingdao Mingyue Algae Group Co., Ltd., model SA-200;

[0117] Refined quartz sand, particle size 0.1-0.3mm, SiO2 content ≥99.5%, purchased from Lianyungang Jinghai Ocean Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd., model QS-02;

[0118] Barite powder, particle size 0.15-0.25mm, BaSO4 content ≥95%, purchased from Shunxin Mineral Products Processing Plant in Lingshou County, Hebei Province, model BZ-015;

[0119] Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules, with a particle size of 5-20 μm and a drug loading of 15%, were purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., model C6288.

[0120] Flower seeds, such as cosmos, baby's breath, carnations, and marigold seeds, with a purity of ≥95%, a cleanliness of ≥98%, and a germination rate of ≥85%, are all purchased from Yunnan Yingmao Flower Industry Co., Ltd.

[0121] Example 1:

[0122] This embodiment processes seeds of pappus-type flowers, such as cosmos seeds, using the following specific steps:

[0123] S1: Screen out damaged, moldy and mechanically damaged cosmos seeds, take 1 kg of qualified seeds and put them into a sealed container, the amount of which is 50% of the effective volume of the container.

[0124] At an ambient temperature of 20℃, the vacuum pump was started to reduce the pressure inside the container to -0.09MPa. At the same time, the sealed container was continuously rotated at a speed of 7r / min for 15min to degas the container and remove the air trapped in the microscopic depressions and capillary gaps between the seed pappus.

[0125] S2: Maintain a vacuum inside the container and slowly introduce the functional liquid from the bottom of the container until the seeds are completely submerged; gradually increase the pressure inside the container to 0.2 MPa and maintain the pressure for 5 minutes, so that the functional liquid fills the surface of the seed pappus, the gaps between layers and the roots under the pressure difference, forming a continuously moistened liquid pad structure.

[0126] In this embodiment, the functional liquid, by mass fraction, consists of 0.12% Tween-80, 0.3% imazalil, 0.5% brassinolide, and the balance being deionized water.

[0127] The preparation steps for functional liquid preparation are as follows:

[0128] S21: Weigh out 99.08% deionized water and add it to the mixing vessel, controlling the water temperature at 22℃;

[0129] S22: Add 0.12% Tween-80 while stirring at 250 r / min, then increase the stirring speed to 450 r / min and stir for 12 min until completely dissolved;

[0130] S23: Reduce the speed to 220 r / min, add 0.3% of imazalil pre-dissolved in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, and stir for 18 min;

[0131] S24: Add 0.5% brassinolide stock solution prepared in advance with ethanol to a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL, and stir for 12 min.

[0132] S25: Reduce the speed to 120r / min and circulate for 10min. Let it stand for 5min under a vacuum of -0.055MPa to degas. Add deionized water to the total volume to obtain the functional solution.

[0133] S3: With the seeds kept moist in the liquid pad structure, a fluidized bed coating process is used to apply coating material to the seed surface; the fluidized bed inlet air temperature is controlled at 32℃, the material temperature at 25℃, and the atomization pressure at 0.25MPa; after coating, the seeds are dried at a constant temperature of 25℃ until the seed moisture content is 10% to obtain coated seeds.

[0134] In this embodiment, the coating material, by total mass fraction, consists of 8.0% 300-mesh light calcium carbonate, 3.0% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.5% refined quartz sand with a particle size of 0.2 mm, 0.4% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 12 μm, and the remainder deionized water.

[0135] Preparation steps of coating materials:

[0136] Weigh each raw material according to the formula ratio, and prepare the coating slurry using a stepwise dispersion-homogenization process:

[0137] S31: 300-mesh light calcium carbonate was sieved and dried in an oven at 105℃ for 2 hours; refined quartz sand with a particle size of 0.2 mm was washed three times with deionized water and dried at 120℃ for 3 hours; chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 12 μm were classified by airflow sieving; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was pulverized and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve.

[0138] S32: Weigh out 82% of deionized water and add it to the mixing tank, controlling the water temperature at 28℃; slowly add 3.0% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose while stirring at 400r / min. After the addition is complete, increase the stirring speed to 900r / min and stir for 45min. Then reduce the stirring speed to 200r / min and keep it at the temperature for 2h to form the base adhesive.

[0139] S33: Add 8.0% pretreated light calcium carbonate under stirring at 250r / min and stir for 20min; add 1.5% refined quartz sand and stir for 15min; reduce the speed to 350r / min and add 0.4% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules and stir for 10min;

[0140] S34: Homogenize the slurry twice using a 12MPa high-pressure homogenizer; transfer it to a vacuum mixer and stir at 120r / min for 15min under a vacuum of -0.065MPa to remove bubbles; add deionized water to the total volume and adjust the solid content to 25% to obtain the coating material slurry.

[0141] S4: Sow the obtained coated seeds in the seedling substrate in the plug tray. After the first irrigation, the coating layer physically disintegrates within 40 seconds, releasing the functional liquid and slow-release fungicide components. Control the seedling environment temperature at 22℃-25℃ and the relative humidity at 60%-70% to complete the seedling cultivation.

[0142] The coated seeds prepared in this embodiment have an overall bulk density of 1.4 g / cm³ and an outer surface that is nearly spherical.

[0143] Example 2:

[0144] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0145] The seeds to be treated are fine-haired flower seeds, such as baby's breath seeds, and the filling amount is 40% of the effective volume of the container;

[0146] Ambient temperature 18℃, vacuum degree -0.088MPa, rotation speed 6r / min, degassing time 12min;

[0147] During the pressure infiltration stage, the ultrasonic generator is started simultaneously to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment at a frequency of 30kHz and a power of 75W. The pressure inside the container is increased to 0.15MPa and held for 4 minutes.

[0148] The functional solution, by mass fraction, consists of 0.08% Tween-60, 0.2% fludioxonil, 0.3% gibberellin, and the balance deionized water. Preparation method: A stepwise dissolution-low-speed circulation process was adopted, wherein the Tween-60 dissolution speed was 480 r / min for 13 min; the fludioxonil dispersion speed was 280 r / min for 20 min; and the gibberellin mixing speed was 180 r / min for 11 min; other parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0149] The coating material, by total mass fraction, consists of 6.5% 500-mesh diatomaceous earth, 2.5% xanthan gum, 1.2% barite powder with a particle size of 0.15 mm, 0.3% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 8 μm, and the remainder being deionized water. A stepwise dispersion-homogenization process was employed, with xanthan gum dissolved at 950 r / min for 50 min and allowed to swell for 3 h; diatomaceous earth dispersed at 750 r / min for 22 min; and barite powder dispersed at 750 r / min for 18 min. Other parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0150] Fluidized bed coating parameters: inlet air temperature 31℃, material temperature 24℃, atomization pressure 0.22MPa, seed moisture content after drying 9%;

[0151] The overall bulk density of the coated seeds was 1.3 g / cm³, and the coating layer disintegrated in 35 seconds.

[0152] The temperature of the seedling raising environment should be controlled at 20℃-23℃, and the relative humidity at 65%-75%.

[0153] Example 3:

[0154] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0155] The seeds to be treated are scale-layered flower seeds, such as carnation seeds, and the filling amount is 60% of the effective volume of the container;

[0156] The vacuum degassing parameters were: ambient temperature 22℃, vacuum degree -0.093MPa, rotation speed 9r / min, and degassing time 18min.

[0157] During the pressure infiltration stage, the ultrasonic generator is started simultaneously to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment at a frequency of 25kHz and a power of 90W. The pressure inside the container is increased to 0.25MPa and maintained for 6 minutes.

[0158] The functional liquid, by mass fraction, consists of 0.15% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.4% difenoconazole, 0.6% water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (NPK=20-20-20), and the remainder deionized water; wherein, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is dissolved at a speed of 520 r / min for 18 min; the difenoconazole is dispersed at a speed of 320 r / min for 23 min; the water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients is mixed at a speed of 230 r / min for 14 min; the remaining parameters are the same as in Example 1;

[0159] The coating material, by total mass fraction, consists of 9.5% 800-mesh talc powder, 3.5% a binder composed of gum arabic and sodium alginate in a 1:1 mass ratio, 1.8% refined quartz sand with a particle size of 0.25 mm, 0.5% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 15 μm, and the remainder being deionized water. The gum arabic and sodium alginate binder was dissolved at 900 r / min for 55 min and allowed to swell for 3 h; the talc powder was dispersed at 650 r / min for 18 min; the remaining parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0160] The fluidized bed coating parameters were: inlet air temperature 33℃, material temperature 26℃, atomization pressure 0.28MPa, and seed moisture content after drying 11%.

[0161] The overall bulk density of the coated seeds was 1.6 g / cm³, and the coating layer disintegrated in 50 seconds.

[0162] The temperature of the seedling raising environment should be controlled at 21℃-24℃, and the relative humidity at 60%-70%.

[0163] Example 4:

[0164] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0165] The seeds to be treated are composite-attached flower seeds, such as marigold seeds, and the filling amount is 55% of the effective volume of the container;

[0166] The vacuum degassing parameters were: ambient temperature 20℃, vacuum degree -0.091MPa, rotation speed 8r / min, and degassing time 16min.

[0167] During the pressure infiltration stage, the ultrasonic generator is started simultaneously to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment at a frequency of 35kHz and a power of 80W, and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes.

[0168] The functional liquid, by mass fraction, consists of a penetrant composed of 0.07% Tween-80 and 0.06% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, a fungicide composed of 0.15% prochloraz and 0.2% difenoconazole, a nutrient agent composed of 0.2% brassinolide and 0.3% macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, and the remainder being deionized water. The penetrant was dissolved at 500 rpm for 16 minutes; the fungicide was dispersed at 280 rpm for 20 minutes; and the nutrient agent was mixed at 200 rpm for 12 minutes. All other parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0169] The coating material, by total mass fraction, consists of 4.0% mineral powder composed of light calcium carbonate and 4.5% diatomaceous earth, 1.5% binder composed of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.2% xanthan gum, 1.6% barite powder with a particle size of 0.2 mm, 0.45% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 10 μm, and the remainder being deionized water. The binder was dissolved at 900 r / min for 50 min, followed by a standing swelling period of 2.5 h; the mineral powder was dispersed at 700 r / min for 22 min; and the barite powder was dispersed at 700 r / min for 15 min. All other parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0170] The fluidized bed coating parameters were: inlet air temperature 32℃, material temperature 25℃, atomization pressure 0.25MPa, and seed moisture content after drying 10%.

[0171] The overall bulk density of the coated seeds was 1.5 g / cm³, and the coating layer disintegrated in 45 seconds.

[0172] The temperature of the seedling raising environment should be controlled at 23℃-26℃, and the relative humidity at 60%-70%.

[0173] Example 5:

[0174] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0175] The functional liquid, by mass fraction, consists of a penetrating bactericide composed of 0.12% Tween-80, 0.2% prochloraz and 0.2% fludioxonil, 0.5% brassinolide and the balance deionized water; wherein the compound bactericide is dispersed at a speed of 250 r / min for 20 min; the other parameters are the same as in Example 1;

[0176] The coating material, by total mass fraction, consists of 8.0% 300-mesh light calcium carbonate, 3.0% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.5% refined quartz sand with a particle size of 0.2 mm, 0.6% chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a particle size of 12 μm, and the balance being deionized water; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1;

[0177] The temperature of the seedling raising environment was controlled at 22℃-25℃ and the relative humidity at 85%-90% to simulate high humidity seedling raising conditions;

[0178] The overall bulk density of the coated seeds was 1.4 g / cm³, and the coating layer disintegrated in 42 s.

[0179] Example 6:

[0180] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0181] The functional solution, by mass fraction, consists of a germination nutrient solution composed of 0.12% Tween-80, 0.3% imazalil, 0.3% brassinolide and 0.3% gibberellin, and the remainder is deionized water; the mixing speed of the compound nutrient solution is 180 r / min and the time is 12 min; the other parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0182] The temperature of the seedling raising environment was controlled at 15℃-18℃ to simulate low-temperature early spring seedling raising conditions, and the relative humidity was 60%-70%.

[0183] The overall bulk density of the coated seeds was 1.4 g / cm³, and the coating layer disintegrated in 38 seconds.

[0184] Comparative Example 1:

[0185] The difference from Example 1 is that all steps of vacuum degassing, pressure permeation to form a liquid pad structure, and fluidized bed coating are omitted.

[0186] The standard industry-standard seed soaking and disinfection process is adopted: the seeds are soaked in room temperature water for 24 hours, with the water changed twice during the period; after soaking, the seeds are disinfected by mixing with 0.3% carbendazim solution and then dried until there is no free water on the seed surface.

[0187] The disinfected seeds were directly sown in the same seedling tray substrate, and the seedling environment was the same as in Example 1.

[0188] Comparative Example 2:

[0189] The difference from Example 1 is that the vacuum degassing process in step 2 is omitted;

[0190] The seeds were directly immersed in a functional liquid with the same components as in Example 1 for 24 hours under normal pressure, and the remaining steps and parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0191] Comparative Example 3:

[0192] The difference from Example 1 is that the functional liquid introduction and pressure permeation process in step S3 are omitted;

[0193] After vacuum degassing, the dried seeds are directly subjected to fluidized bed coating treatment using the same process as in Example 1, with the remaining steps and parameters being consistent with Example 1.

[0194] Comparative Example 4:

[0195] The difference from Example 1 is that the refined quartz sand component is removed from the coating material, and the mass fraction of light calcium carbonate is increased to 9.5% accordingly; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0196] Comparative Example 5:

[0197] The difference from Example 1 is that the imazalil component is removed from the functional liquid, and the mass fraction of deionized water is increased accordingly; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0198] Comparative Example 6:

[0199] The difference from Example 1 is that the ultrasonic generator is not turned on in step S2 and ultrasonic-assisted processing is not performed; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0200] Results test:

[0201] The seeds prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were subjected to performance tests. The test indicators and methods are as follows:

[0202] Germination rate and germination potential: Refer to GB / T3543.4-2025 "Specifications for the Inspection of Crop Seeds Part 4: Germination Test for Sowing Quality"; 100 seeds were taken for each treatment, repeated 3 times, and placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25℃ for germination test. Germination potential on day 7 and germination rate on day 14 were recorded.

[0203] Seedling disease incidence rate: Refer to NY / T4482-2025 "Technical Specification for Monitoring and Forecasting of Cotton Seedling Diseases"; count the total number of seedlings infected with damping-off and seedling blight within 21 days after sowing, and calculate the disease incidence rate.

[0204] Seeding drift rate: The industry-standard simulated light wind environment test method was adopted; a broadcasting test was conducted to simulate a light wind environment in the field (wind speed 2m / s), and the proportion of seeds that deviated more than 5cm from the sowing point to the total sowing amount was counted.

[0205] Coating disintegration time: Refer to T / CI1143-2025 "Quality Control Specification for Integrated Production and Sowing of Seed Pelletizing"; take 100 coated seeds and place them in deionized water at 25℃, and record the average time from contact with water to complete disintegration of the coating layer.

[0206] Pathogen residue: Refer to the washing method specified in GB / T 3543.7-1995 "Other Items Inspection Procedures for Crop Seeds" for seed health testing; take 100 seeds artificially inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani spores, place them in sterile physiological saline and shake to wash for 30 min, use the plate count method to determine the number of spores in the eluent, and calculate the average pathogen residue per seed.

[0207] Test results:

[0208] Table 1 - Test Result Data Table

[0209] Group Germination potential (%) Germination rate (%) Incidence of seedling diseases (%) Seeding drift rate (%) Coating disintegration time (s) Pathogen residue (CFU / particle) Example 1 86 94 3.2 1.5 40 12 Example 2 83 92 2.8 2.1 35 9 Example 3 88 95 2.5 0.8 50 7 Example 4 87 94 2.2 1.2 45 8 Example 5 85 93 4.1 1.6 42 15 Example 6 78 91 3.0 1.5 38 13 Comparative Example 1 52 68 28.6 42.3 - 215 Comparative Example 2 65 76 15.7 2.8 42 68 Comparative Example 3 61 72 19.4 3.5 38 79 Comparative Example 4 84 93 3.5 31.7 39 14 Comparative Example 5 85 92 21.8 1.6 41 76 Comparative Example 6 85 93 11.5 1.5 40 87

[0210] Results analysis:

[0211] 1. The germination potential of the seeds in Examples 1-6 of this invention is 78%-88%, and the germination rate is 91%-95%. Among them, the average germination potential of Examples 1-4 under conventional conditions is 86%, and the average germination rate is 93.75%. The germination potential of Comparative Example 1 (52%) and germination rate (68%) are increased by 65.4% and 37.9%, respectively. Comparative Example 2, which lacks the vacuum degassing step, has a germination potential of 65% and a germination rate of 76%, and Comparative Example 3, which lacks the liquid pad structure step, has a germination potential of 61% and a germination rate of 72%, both significantly lower than those of the other examples. This invention removes trapped air through vacuum degassing and then allows the functional liquid to directly penetrate through pressure. The liquid fills the root of the attached material to form a continuous liquid pad structure, breaking the barrier of the air film to water penetration, allowing the seed coat to quickly and evenly absorb water and complete the swelling process. At the same time, the germination nutrients in the functional liquid act directly on the seed coat surface along with the liquid pad structure, providing nutritional support for seed germination and improving the germination potential and germination rate. In Example 6, even under the low-temperature early spring seedling environment of 15℃-18℃, a germination potential of 78% and a germination rate of 91% can still be achieved, further proving that the present invention solves the industry pain points of slow seed germination initiation and uneven germination under low-temperature conditions as described in the background art through the synergistic combination of brassinolide and gibberellin.

[0212] 2. The seedling disease incidence rate of Examples 1-6 of the present invention is 2.2%-4.1%; among them, the average seedling disease incidence rate of Examples 1-4 under conventional conditions is 2.68%, which is 90.6% lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (28.6%); the seedling disease incidence rate of Comparative Example 5, which does not contain penetrating fungicide, is 21.8%, while the seedling disease incidence rate of Example 5 is only 4.1% under high humidity seedling raising environment with relative humidity of 85%-90%; the penetrating fungicide in the functional liquid of the present invention fills the layer gaps and root area of ​​the attached material along with the liquid under pressure difference, achieving sterilization of the entire surface of the seed, including hidden spaces; at the same time, the chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules in the coating layer are slowly released after sowing as the coating disintegrates, forming a continuous antibacterial barrier; even under high humidity adverse conditions, it can still effectively control the occurrence of seedling damping-off and seedling blight.

[0213] 3. The seed drift rate of Examples 1-6 of the present invention is 0.8%-2.1%; among them, the average seed drift rate of Examples 1-4 under normal conditions is 1.4%, which is 96.7% lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (42.3%); the seed drift rate of Comparative Example 4, which does not contain density compensation particles in the coating material, is 31.7%. The present invention increases the overall bulk density of the coated seeds to 1.1g / cm³-1.8g / cm³ by adding density compensation particles to the coating material, thereby increasing the seed quality; at the same time, the fluidized bed coating process binds the originally loose adhering material into a spherical or near-spherical dense structure, reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the seeds, enabling the seeds to overcome the influence of wind and irrigation water flow during sowing, accurately land, and form a stable solid-phase contact with the seedling substrate.

[0214] 4. The coating disintegration time of Examples 1-6 of the present invention is 35s-50s, while the coating disintegration times of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are 42s and 38s, respectively, which are close to that of Example 1, but the germination performance and disease control effect are significantly lower than those of the Examples. By selecting biodegradable water-based binders such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum, and optimizing their ratio with mineral powder and density compensation particles, the coating layer can withstand friction and collision during storage and transportation in a dry state; at the same time, the binder system can quickly absorb water and swell after contact with water, making the mineral skeleton loose and the density compensation particles lose their overall coating support, completing physical disintegration within 30s-60s; although the coating disintegration time of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 meets the requirements, the functional liquid cannot effectively penetrate into the microstructure of the seed surface due to the lack of vacuum degassing or liquid pad structure steps; the coating disintegration characteristics of the present invention work synergistically with the liquid pad structure, and the functional liquid components retained in the liquid pad structure after coating disintegration can be released immediately and act on the seeds, ensuring the timeliness and uniformity of seed germination.

[0215] 5. In Example 1 of this invention, the seedling disease incidence rate was 3.2%, and the residual pathogen amount was 12 CFU / particle; while in Comparative Example 6, which omitted ultrasound-assisted treatment, the seedling disease incidence rate increased to 11.5%, and the residual pathogen amount increased to 87 CFU / particle. The data show that ultrasound-assisted treatment at 20kHz-40kHz can reduce the residual pathogen spore amount at the roots of the attached organism by 86.2% and reduce the seedling disease incidence rate by 72.2%. Ultrasound in this frequency range produces a mild cavitation effect in the functional liquid, and the resulting microjet can precisely impact the micron-level hidden space at the roots of the attached organism, peeling off the physically adsorbed pathogen spores and suspending them in the liquid; at the same time, the micro-disturbance effect generated by ultrasound can promote the circulation and renewal of the functional liquid in the capillary gaps, further improving the formation quality of the liquid continuum. If the ultrasonic frequency is below 20kHz, the cavitation effect is too strong and can easily lead to mechanical damage to the seed coat and abnormal embryonic development; if it is above 40kHz, the cavitation effect is significantly weakened and the spore stripping efficiency decreases by more than 60%, which proves that the ultrasonic frequency range of 20kHz-40kHz specified in this invention is the key parameter range for achieving effective stripping of pathogens without damaging seed viability.

[0216] Based on the examples, a comparison table of core process parameters for seeds with different types of attachments is summarized, as shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4:

[0217] Table 2 - Comparison of Process Parameters

[0218] Attachment type Typical representative flowers Vacuum degree (MPa) Degassing time (min) Rotation speed (r / min) Pressure (MPa) Ultrasound parameters crested type Cosmos, Coreopsis, Sulfur Cosmos -0.085~-0.092 12-18 6-8 0.15-0.25 25-35kHz, 60-90W Fine-haired type Baby's breath, forget-me-not, globe amaranth -0.082~-0.088 10-15 5-7 0.12-0.20 28-38kHz, 50-80W Scale-like layered type Dianthus, Carnation, Poppy -0.090~-0.095 15-20 8-10 0.20-0.30 20-30kHz, 80-100W barbed type Bidens pilosa, cocklebur, verbena -0.088~-0.093 13-18 7-9 0.18-0.28 22-32kHz, 70-90W Composite Adhesive Type Marigold, Tagetes patula, Zinnia -0.087~-0.092 14-18 7-8 0.18-0.25 25-35kHz, 70-90W

[0219] Table 3 - Core Material Parameters of Functional Fluids

[0220] Attachment type Typical representative flowers Nonionic penetrants (types + dosage) Penetrating bactericides (types + dosage) Germination nutrients (types + dosage) crested type Cosmos, Coreopsis, Sulfur Cosmos Tween-80, 0.10%-0.15% Imazalil, 0.25%-0.35% Brassinolide, 0.4%-0.6% Fine-haired type Baby's breath, forget-me-not, globe amaranth Tween-60, 0.06%-0.10% Fludioxonil, 0.15%-0.25% Gibberellin, 0.2%-0.4% Scale-like layered type Dianthus, Carnation, Poppy Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.12%-0.18% Difenoconazole, 0.3%-0.5% Water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements (NPK=20-20-20), 0.5%-0.8% barbed type Bidens pilosa, cocklebur, verbena Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.10%-0.15% Imazalil: Difenoconazole = 1:1, 0.3%-0.4% Brassinolide: Water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements = 1:1, 0.4%-0.6% Composite Adhesive Type Marigold, Tagetes patula, Zinnia Tween-80: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether = 1:1, 0.10%-0.15% Imazalil: Fludioxonil = 1:1, 0.3%-0.4% Brassinolide:gibberellin = 2:1, 0.3%-0.5%

[0221] Table 4 - Core Material Parameters of Coating Materials

[0222] Attachment type Typical representative flowers Mineral powders (types + dosage) Biodegradable water-based adhesives (types + mixing ratios) Density compensating granules (type + dosage) Slow-release bactericides (types + dosage) crested type Cosmos, Coreopsis, Sulfur Cosmos 300-mesh light calcium carbonate, 7.0%-9.0% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2.5%-3.5% Refined quartz sand (0.1-0.3mm), 1.2%-1.8% Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules (5-20 μm), 0.3%-0.5% Fine-haired type Baby's breath, forget-me-not, globe amaranth 500-mesh diatomaceous earth, 5.5%-7.5% Xanthan gum, 2.0%-3.0% Refined quartz sand (0.1-0.2mm), 1.0%-1.5% Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules (5-15 μm), 0.2%-0.4% Scale-like layered type Dianthus, Carnation, Poppy 800-mesh talc, 8.5%-10.5% Gum arabic: Sodium alginate = 1:1, 3.0%-4.0% Refined quartz sand (0.2-0.3mm), 1.5%-2.2% Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules (10-20 μm), 0.4%-0.6% barbed type Bidens pilosa, cocklebur, verbena 300-mesh lightweight calcium carbonate : 800-mesh talc = 1:1, 8.0%-10.0% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: xanthan gum = 2:1, 2.8%-3.8% Barite powder (0.15-0.25mm), 1.3%-1.9% Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules (8-18 μm), 0.35%-0.55% Composite Adhesive Type Marigold, Tagetes patula, Zinnia 300-mesh lightweight calcium carbonate : 500-mesh diatomaceous earth = 1:1, 7.5%-9.5% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2.5%-3.5% Refined quartz sand: barite powder = 3:1, 1.4%-2.0% Chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules (5-18 μm), 0.35%-0.55%

[0223] Based on the preferred embodiments of the present invention described above, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Place the seeds to be treated in a sealed container and degas them under room temperature conditions of 15℃-25℃ and vacuum conditions of -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa to remove the air trapped in the micro-depressions and capillary gaps between the seed attachments. S2: Introduce functional liquid into the sealed container while maintaining a vacuum, and adjust the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa. Driven by the pressure difference, the functional liquid fills the surface, layer gaps and roots of the seed attachment to form a continuously wetting liquid pad structure, filling and covering the cavity of the root of the attachment to form a liquid continuum. S3: When the seed is in a wet state of liquid pad structure, apply coating material to the seed surface and use the liquid pad structure to anchor the coating material to the gaps of the seed attachment and the root to form a coated seed. S4: The coated seeds are sown in the seedling substrate. The coating layer of the coated seeds disintegrates after contact with irrigation water, releasing the functional liquid components in the coating layer and liquid pad structure, thus completing seed germination and seedling cultivation.

2. The method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the seeds in the sealed container are continuously turned at a speed of 5r / min-10r / min during the degassing process, and the degassing time is 10-20min.

3. The method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the functional liquid, by mass fraction, includes 0.05%-0.2% nonionic penetrant, 0.1%-0.5% penetrating bactericide, 0.2%-0.8% germination nutrient, and the remainder is water.

4. The method for cultivating flower seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nonionic penetrant is at least one of Tween-80, Tween-60, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the penetrating bactericide is at least one of imazalil, fludioxonil, and difenoconazole; and the germination nutrient is at least one of brassinolide, gibberellin, and water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients.

5. The method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, while adjusting the pressure inside the sealed container to 0.1MPa-0.3MPa, the ultrasonic generator is activated to perform ultrasonic-assisted treatment on the functional liquid at a frequency of 20kHz-40kHz and a power of 50W-100W to peel off the pathogenic spores attached to the roots of the attached material.

6. The method for cultivating flower seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the coating material, by total mass fraction, includes 5.0%-11.0% mineral powder, 1.8%-4.5% biodegradable water-based binder, 0.9%-2.2% density-compensating particles, 0.18%-0.65% slow-release bactericide, and the balance being deionized water.

7. The method for cultivating flower seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral powder is at least one of 300-800 mesh lightweight calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and talc; the biodegradable water-based binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and sodium alginate; the density-compensating particles are at least one of refined quartz sand and barite powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm-0.3 mm; and the slow-release bactericide is chitosan-coated fludioxonil microcapsules with a microcapsule particle size of 5 μm-20 μm.

8. The method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the coating material is applied to the seed surface using a fluidized bed coating process. The inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed coating process is 30℃-35℃, the material temperature is 22℃-28℃, and the atomization pressure is 0.2MPa-0.3MPa. After coating, the seeds are dried at a constant temperature of 25℃ until the seed moisture content is 8%-12%.

9. The method for cultivating flower seeds and seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the coating layer of the coated seed is configured to physically disintegrate within 30s-60s after contact with free water.

10. A coated seed, characterized in that, The seed is prepared by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-9; the coated seed comprises, from the inside out: a flower seed kernel (1) with surface attachments (2), a functional liquid pad layer (3) continuously covering the seed kernel (1) and all attachment surfaces, and a biodegradable coating layer (4) covering the outermost layer; the overall bulk density of the coated seed is 1.1 g / cm³-1.8 g / cm³, and the outer surface is spherical or near-spherical.

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