Application of choline compounds in prevention and control of slug

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of biocidal technology and relates to the application of choline compounds in slug control. Addressing the technical shortcomings of existing slug control agents, such as unstable efficacy, easy development of resistance, and high environmental toxicity, this invention provides a slug control solution using choline compounds as the active ingredient. The choline compound is selected from at least one of carbacholine, clobetacholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate. The choline compounds provided by this invention exhibit excellent stomach poison activity against slugs, stable control effects, low likelihood of inducing resistance, and high environmental safety. They can be formulated into poison baits, granules, suspensions, and other dosage forms for application, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of existing control agents and suitable for green and efficient slug control in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and other scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biocidal technology and relates to the application of choline compounds in the control of slugs. Background Technology

[0002] Slugs are a type of serious terrestrial soft-bodied pest that is widely found in farmland, vegetable gardens, orchards, flower gardens, and green spaces. They mainly feed on plant seedlings, leaves, fruits, and roots, causing crop gaps, damaged leaves, and eaten fruits, which seriously affects crop yields and commercial value. At the same time, the slime they leave behind when crawling can contaminate agricultural products, increase the risk of disease transmission, and cause significant economic losses to agricultural production and landscaping.

[0003] Currently, chemical control of slugs mainly relies on conventional agents such as metaldehyde, carbaryl, and polyacetaldehyde. However, in practical applications, several technical problems have gradually emerged: First, the control effect is unstable, greatly affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and slug feeding preferences, making it difficult to achieve continuous and stable pest control. Second, drug resistance is a prominent issue. Long-term use of traditional agents has led to an increase in the resistance level of slug populations, resulting in a continuous decline in control effectiveness despite increasing dosages year by year. Third, environmental safety is insufficient. Some agents have potential toxicity to non-target organisms (such as earthworms, beneficial mollusks, livestock, and aquatic organisms), and are prone to residues in soil and water, failing to meet the requirements of green control and ecological safety. Fourth, the modes of action are singular, mainly relying on contact or trapping, with insufficient stomach poison targeting, making it difficult to effectively act on the physiological targets of slugs.

[0004] Therefore, developing novel slug control compounds and their application technologies with novel mechanisms of action, excellent gastric toxicity, stable efficacy, low resistance to development, and environmental friendliness to replace or optimize traditional agents, solve existing technological bottlenecks, and meet the needs of green agricultural production has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a class of choline compounds with excellent gastric toxicity activity against slugs and their new uses in slug control, so as to overcome the defects of existing slug control agents, such as unstable efficacy, easy development of resistance or high environmental toxicity.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides the use of choline compounds in the control of slugs, wherein the choline compound is at least one selected from carbacholine, clobetacholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the application includes using the choline compounds as active ingredients to formulate bait, which kills slugs through stomach poisoning. In a specific embodiment, the mass concentration of the active ingredient in the bait is not less than 0.25%, thereby controlling costs and improving safety while ensuring the trapping effect.

[0008] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a slug control agent, comprising: mixing a choline compound with a base bait to obtain a slug control agent; wherein the choline compound is at least one selected from carbacholine, clobetacholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

[0009] In the above preparation method, the choline compound has a mass concentration of not less than 0.25% in the obtained slug control agent;

[0010] Furthermore, the mass concentration can be controlled between 0.25% and 30%, and more specifically between 0.25% and 4%, to balance rapid and sustained effects; Optionally, the mass concentration is any range from 0.25~0.5%, 0.25~1%, 0.25~4%, 0.25~30%, 0.5~1%, 0.5~4%, 0.5~30%, 1~4%, 1~30%, to 4~30%.

[0011] Specifically, the mass concentration is one of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 4%, 8%, 15%, or 30%.

[0012] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling slugs, comprising applying an effective amount of a choline compound and / or an agent having said choline compound as an active ingredient to the slug itself and / or its habitat. The choline compounds mentioned therein are at least one of carbacholine, clobetacholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

[0013] The dosage form of the agent can be made into conventional dosage forms such as suspension, granules, and poison bait according to actual needs, and further made into suspension or granules for uniform application.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages: This invention is the first to discover that specific choline compounds, such as carbacholine and clobetacholine, possess targeted gastric poison activity against slugs. After ingestion by slugs, they rapidly exert their toxic effect, exhibiting significant and stable killing efficacy and high pest control efficiency, effectively solving the problem of unstable efficacy of traditional pesticides. The choline compounds selected in this invention are novel slug-control active substances with novel targets, exhibiting a different mechanism of action than existing pesticides such as metaldehyde, polyacetaldehyde, and carbaryl. They do not exhibit cross-resistance, and long-term use is unlikely to induce slug resistance, effectively addressing the problem of control failure caused by frequent resistance development and extending the application cycle of pesticides. The choline compounds provided in this invention have good biocompatibility and excellent environmental degradation properties, exhibiting extremely low toxicity to soil earthworms, beneficial insects, livestock, and aquatic organisms, with no significant residue risk, and will not cause environmental pollution or ecological damage. This aligns with the development requirements of green agricultural pest control and ecological safety, and its safety is significantly superior to traditional highly toxic and persistent pesticides. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the results of a 24-hour gastric poisoning experiment on slugs with carbacholine at concentrations of 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. The concentrations are: 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25% (mass concentrations of carbacholine in the gastric poison bait); CK is the blank control group.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the 24-hour gastric toxicity test results of 2% (w / w) clobetacholine, acetylcholine bromide, or L-choline on slugs. In the graph, 1 represents the result of the clobetacholine test; 3 represents the result of the acetylcholine bromide test; 5 represents the result of the L-choline test; and CK represents the blank control group.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the 72-hour gastric toxicity test results of 2% (w / w) clobetacholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, or L-choline on slugs. In the graph, 1 represents the results of clobetacholine; 2 represents the results of acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide; 3 represents the results of acetylcholine bromide; 5 represents the results of L-choline; and CK represents the blank control group. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods; the reagents and materials described are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages in the following embodiments refer to mass percentages. Unless otherwise specified, all proportions in the following embodiments refer to mass ratios.

[0020] Example This embodiment provides a gastric toxicity experiment on slugs using choline compounds.

[0021] The specific experimental method is as follows: Basic bait formula: 5% butter powder flavoring, 5% fish meal, 5% white sugar, 2% maltodextrin, 83% corn flour. Weigh out 5g of fish meal and 83g of corn flour or wheat flour according to the proportion, autoclave for 15 minutes, then add 5g of butter powder flavoring, 5g of white sugar, and 2g of maltodextrin and mix well.

[0022] Stomach poison baits were prepared according to mass ratios with active ingredient concentrations of 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25%, with the blank control group (CK) as the basal bait. Five slugs that had been starved for 24 hours were placed in sterilized petri dishes and fed 2.5g of bait. Observations were made at 24h, 48h, and 72h.

[0023] The experimental results are shown in Table 1 and Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0024] Table 1: Mortality rate of gastric poison slugs under different active ingredients

[0025] As shown in Table 1, under the experimental conditions, the mortality rate of slugs in the blank control group (CK) was 0% at 24h, 48h, and 72h, indicating that the basic feed had no lethal effect on slugs, and the experimental system was reliable. Carbacholine exhibited extremely strong gastric poisoning activity in the mass concentration range of 0.25% to 4%. Among them, the 4%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5% concentration groups reached 100% mortality at 24h, while the 0.25% concentration group had a mortality rate of 60% at 24h, and reached 100% at 48h and 72h, showing the most prominent rapid effect and lethality overall. At a 2% concentration, tricholine citrate achieved a 100% mortality rate after 48 hours, while acetylcholine bromide and chlorobenzylcholine both achieved a 100% mortality rate after 72 hours, demonstrating good gastric toxicity against slugs. L-choline had a 72-hour mortality rate of 80%, acetylmethylcholine chloride had a 72-hour mortality rate of 75%, and acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide had a 72-hour mortality rate of 40%, exhibiting some gastric toxicity. Phosphorylcholine calcium tetrahydrate, choline bromide, citicoline sodium, acetylcholine chloride, choline iodide, and glycerophosphate choline all showed a 0% mortality rate during the observation period, indicating no gastric toxicity against slugs. The results showed that carbachol, clobetacholine, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, methacholine chloride, and tricholine citrate all exhibited significant gastric toxicity against slugs. Among them, carbachol showed the best activity and the strongest rapid effect, achieving efficient and stable killing at concentrations as low as 0.25%, making it an excellent active ingredient for slug control.

[0026] The embodiments described above are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate preferred embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art through related deductions and substitutions based on the inventive concept, without inventive effort, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of choline compounds in the control of slugs, characterized in that, The choline compounds are at least one of carbacholine, chlorobenzylcholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

2. The application of the choline compounds according to claim 1 in the control of slugs, characterized in that, The choline compounds are used as active ingredients to make bait.

3. The application of choline compounds according to claim 2 in the control of slugs, characterized in that, The active ingredient has a mass concentration of not less than 0.25% in the feed.

4. The application of the choline compounds according to claim 2 in the control of slugs, characterized in that, The bait is for stomach poison slugs.

5. A method for preparing a slug control agent, characterized in that, include: Choline compounds are mixed with basic bait to create a slug control agent; The choline compounds are at least one of carbacholine, chlorobenzylcholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

6. The method for preparing the slug control agent according to claim 5, characterized in that, The choline-like compound has a mass concentration of not less than 0.25% in the slug control agent.

7. The method for preparing the slug control agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, The choline compounds in the slug control agent have a mass concentration of 0.25-30%.

8. The method for preparing the slug control agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, The choline compounds in the slug control agent have a mass concentration of 0.25-4%.

9. A method for controlling slugs, characterized in that, This allows choline compounds and / or drugs with said choline compounds as active ingredients to act on slugs and / or their habitats; The choline compounds are at least one of carbacholine, chlorobenzylcholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide, acetylcholine bromide, L-choline, acetylmethylcholine chloride, and tricholine citrate.

10. The method for controlling slugs according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drug is in the form of a suspension or granules.

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