Use of taurine in the preparation of a preparation for regulating intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai black cattle and for improving the quality of Bohai black beef

Abstract

The application discloses application of taurine in preparation of a preparation for regulating intramuscular fat composition in a Bohai black cow longissimus dorsi muscle and for improving beef quality, relates to the technical field of ruminant nutrition and livestock and poultry meat quality improvement, and discloses for the first time that taurine can regulate intramuscular fat composition in a Bohai black cow longissimus dorsi muscle, so that the intramuscular fat deposition amount of the Bohai black cow can be changed in a targeted manner, and finally the marble score of beef is improved, and the juiciness and edible flavor of beef are improved, therefore, taurine can be used for preparing the preparation for regulating intramuscular fat composition in a Bohai black cow longissimus dorsi muscle and for improving beef quality. In addition, taurine is a natural nutrient, feeding is simple, safety is high, and there is no drug residue, so the preparation is also suitable for being used for large-scale breeding of Bohai black cows.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ruminant nutrition and livestock meat quality improvement technology, and particularly to the application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black cattle and for improving the beef quality of Bohai Black cattle. Background Technology

[0002] Bohai Black Cattle is a unique and excellent local beef cattle breed in my country. This breed is tolerant of roughage, has strong resistance to adverse conditions, and has tender meat with a unique flavor. It is a high-quality germplasm resource for breeding high-grade beef cattle and has extremely high economic and breed protection value.

[0003] Under large-scale farming models, Bohai Black Cattle generally suffer from insufficient intramuscular fat deposition, low marbling grade, and poor muscle juiciness due to factors such as diet structure, feeding cycle, and farming environment, which seriously limits the improvement of their commercial value.

[0004] Currently, the common methods used in the industry to improve beef quality and increase intramuscular fat content are mainly divided into two categories: one is to feed high-fat diets for a long time. However, this method not only has high breeding costs, but also easily leads to excessive accumulation of body fat in beef cattle, reducing carcass utilization and disrupting the body's normal lipid metabolism homeostasis; the other is to add hormones or chemically synthesized lipid-promoting additives. However, these substances have drug residues, food safety risks, and are prone to causing stress reactions in animals, which does not meet the development requirements of modern green and ecological farming. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose the application of taurine in the preparation of formulations for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black cattle and for improving the quality of Bohai Black cattle, aiming to provide a relatively safe and efficient method for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of Bohai Black cattle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes the application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Bohai black cattle.

[0007] In one implementation, the following steps are included: Bohai Black cattle were fed a basal diet containing taurine to alter the intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle, resulting in improved Bohai Black cattle.

[0008] In one embodiment, the feeding period is 182 days.

[0009] In one embodiment, the taurine dosage is 150 mg / kg / day.

[0010] In one embodiment, the alteration of intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the Bohai Black Cattle includes upregulating the content of characteristic triglycerides, the fatty acid residues of which are derived from at least one of C3-C22 saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxygen-containing fatty acids.

[0011] In one embodiment, the characteristic triglyceride includes at least one of TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), and TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3).

[0012] The present invention also provides the application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for improving the quality of Bohai black beef.

[0013] In one embodiment, the taurine improves meat quality by regulating the intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle.

[0014] This invention discloses for the first time that taurine can regulate the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Bohai Black cattle, thereby directionally altering the amount of intramuscular fat deposition, ultimately improving the marbling grade and enhancing the juiciness and flavor of the beef. Therefore, taurine can be used to prepare formulations for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle and improving the quality of Bohai Black cattle beef. Furthermore, taurine is a natural nutrient, easy to feed, highly safe, and leaves no drug residues; therefore, this formulation is also suitable for large-scale breeding and promotion of Bohai Black cattle. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is the principal component analysis (PCA) diagram of the test sample in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a volcano diagram of the differential triglyceride metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai black cattle in the control group and taurine treatment group in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cluster analysis diagram of 108 significantly different triglycerides in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the top ten most significantly different triglyceride contents in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0017] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, or solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Triglycerides are the main form of intramuscular fat in animal muscles. The content, molecular composition, and abundance of triglycerides in muscle tissue directly determine the marbling grade, juiciness, flavor, and nutritional value of beef.

[0020] Currently, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, efficient, and low-cost nutritional intervention program that utilizes natural nutrients to target and regulate triglyceride metabolism in Bohai Black Cattle muscle, thereby improving beef quality while ensuring food safety.

[0021] In view of this, the present invention proposes the application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai black cattle.

[0022] This invention discloses for the first time that taurine can regulate the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Bohai Black cattle, thereby directionally altering the amount of intramuscular fat deposition, ultimately improving the marbling grade and enhancing the juiciness and flavor of the beef. Therefore, taurine can be used to prepare formulations for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle and improving the quality of Bohai Black cattle beef. Furthermore, taurine is a natural nutrient, easy to feed, highly safe, and leaves no drug residues; therefore, this formulation is also suitable for large-scale breeding and promotion of Bohai Black cattle.

[0023] In some embodiments, the method includes the following steps: feeding Bohai Black cattle with a basal diet containing taurine to alter the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle, thereby obtaining improved Bohai Black cattle. The preferred dosage of taurine in the diet is 150 mg / kg / day. The preferred feeding period is 182 days.

[0024] It is understandable that taurine mainly affects the final intramuscular fat composition by regulating triglyceride metabolism. In particular, when taurine was added to the basal diet of Bohai Black Cattle at a dose of 150 mg / kg / day and fed continuously for 182 days, 108 different triglycerides were found between the control group and the taurine-treated group.

[0025] In some embodiments, the alteration of intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black cattle includes upregulating the content of characteristic triglycerides. The fatty acid residues of these characteristic triglycerides originate from at least one of C3-C22 saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxygen-containing fatty acids. The characteristic triglycerides are the significantly different triglycerides between the control group and the taurine-treated group. The three side chain groups of the significantly different triglycerides can be selected from any one, two, or three of the C3-C22 saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxygen-containing fatty acids, and are all within the scope of this invention.

[0026] Preferably, the characteristic triglyceride includes at least one of TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), and TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3). That is, the characteristic triglyceride can be any one of TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3), or it can be Two or more of the following are within the scope of protection of this invention: TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), and TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3).Among them, the Chinese name of TG(16:0_16:1_18:1) is palmitic acid-palmitoleic acid-oleic triglyceride; the Chinese name of TG(16:0_18:0_18:1) is palmitic acid-stearic acid-oleic triglyceride; the Chinese name of TG(16:0_18:0_18:2) is palmitic acid-stearic acid-linoleic acid triglyceride; the Chinese name of TG(18:1_18:2_18:4) is oleic acid-linoleic acid-arachidonic acid triglyceride; the Chinese name of TG(3:0_18:0_25:7) is propionic acid-stearic acid-docosaheptaenoic acid triglyceride; and the Chinese name of TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4) is oxidized palmitic acid-stearic acid-docosaheptaenoic acid triglyceride. The Chinese name for TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1) is oxidized stearic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride; the Chinese name for TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5) is oxidized stearic acid-stearic acid-docosapentaenoic acid triglyceride; the Chinese name for TG(O-35:0_22:7) is oxidized 35-carbon saturated fatty acid-docosaheptaenoic acid triglyceride, which contains a saturated fatty acid chain with a total of 35 carbons and no double bonds (35:0) and a polyunsaturated fatty acid chain with 22 carbon atoms and 7 double bonds (22:7, usually docosaheptaenoic acid); the Chinese name for TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3) is oxidized heptanoic acid-undecanoic acid-linolenic acid triglyceride. It should be noted that the assay method of the present invention (non-targeted lipidomics) can accurately identify the fatty acid chain composition of triglycerides, but cannot determine the specific position of each fatty acid chain on the glycerol backbone (i.e., sn-1, sn-2, sn-3 positions). Therefore, each of the above-mentioned characteristic triglycerides may contain multiple positional isomers.

[0027] This invention also provides the application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for improving the quality of Bohai Black beef. Preferably, the taurine improves meat quality by regulating the intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black beef.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Taurine-fed Bohai Black Cattle and Triglyceride Detection Test of Longissimus Dorsi Muscle 1. Experimental animals and grouping Twelve healthy Bohai Black Cattle of similar growth stage, weight, and disease-free status were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (Ctrl) and a taurine treatment group (Tau), with six cattle in each group. During the experiment, the pen environment, lighting, ventilation, temperature, and humidity were kept completely consistent between the two groups.

[0030] Biological duplicate sample numbers for the control group: a23089CON, a24129CON, a24123CON, a23071CON, a23145CON, a23045CON; Biological replicate sample numbers for the taurine treatment group: HS_23133, HS_23077, HS_23059, HS_23121, HS_23143, HS_23119.

[0031] 2. Diet and Feeding Program Both groups of experimental cattle were fed Bohai Black Cattle-specific conventional basal diet supplement B611 (purchased from Yuxing Feed (Dezhou) Co., Ltd.; product standard: Q / 371402AWS003-2023). This basal diet meets the feeding standards for beef cattle and does not contain any additional hormones, antibiotics, chemically synthesized fat gainers, or other lipid-regulating functional additives.

[0032] Control group: fed only a standard basal diet throughout the entire period, without the addition of taurine; Taurine treatment group: Taurine was added to the same conventional basal diet (equal weight to the control group) to ensure that the feeding dosage of taurine was 150 mg / kg / day. After mixing evenly, it was fed.

[0033] The two groups of experimental cattle were fed continuously for 182 days, with free access to food and water throughout the process, and were managed according to a uniform daily feeding and management procedure.

[0034] 3. Sample collection and testing methods After the feeding cycle, all experimental cattle were anesthetized, and samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were aseptically collected. Immediately after collection, the samples were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, non-targeted lipidomics technology was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect triglycerides in the samples. Statistical analysis was performed on the detection results to... P <0.05, |log2FoldChange>1| was used as the standard for determining significant differences in triglyceride content.

[0035] 4. Test Results (1) Figure 1 The graph shows the principal component analysis results for the experimental samples.

[0036] Depend on Figure 1The results show that the second principal component, Dim2, explained 22.9% of the sample differences and indicated significant individual heterogeneity within the control group (manifested as a scattered longitudinal distribution). However, the control group and taurine-treated group samples were concentrated in their respective PCA spaces, with clear spatial divisions and no overlap. This suggests that the metabolic remodeling effect induced by the treatment factor Tau (mainly characterized by the first principal component, Dim1) was extremely significant, and its strength was sufficient to overcome the background noise caused by individual differences in the control group. These results indicate that long-term feeding of taurine at a dose of 150 mg / kg / day significantly altered the triglyceride metabolic characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle, leading to significant differences in the metabolic phenotypes of the two groups.

[0037] (2) Figure 2 Volcano diagram showing the differential triglyceride metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle between the control group and the taurine-treated group. Figure 2 The horizontal axis represents Log2 Fold Change, which indicates the logarithmic change in triglyceride content; the vertical axis represents -Log10 (P-value), which indicates statistical significance.

[0038] The results showed that a total of 108 triglycerides with significant differences were detected in the two groups of samples. Compared with the control group, the content of 69 triglycerides was significantly increased and the content of 32 triglycerides was significantly decreased in the taurine treatment group. Figure 2 Most of the differential substances are distributed in the positive region of the horizontal axis, while representative triglycerides with extremely significant differences are marked, such as TG(O-35:0_22:7), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), and TG(18:1_18:2_18:3). Figure 2 The results showed that long-term feeding of taurine at a dose of 150 mg / kg / day could comprehensively reshape the triglyceride metabolic spectrum of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle and increase the overall triglyceride content in the muscle.

[0039] (3) Figure 3 Cluster analysis diagram of 108 samples of significantly different triglycerides.

[0040] Figure 3 Clustering results showed that biological replicates within the same group clustered tightly, with good intragroup consistency; the control group and taurine-treated group samples were completely separated with clear boundaries. These results demonstrate that the experimental grouping design was scientifically sound and the biological replicates were stable and reliable. At a feeding dose of 150 mg / kg / day, the regulatory effect of taurine on triglyceride metabolism was real and reproducible.

[0041] (4) Figure 4 A bar chart showing the significant differences in triglyceride content among the top ten.

[0042] The ten characteristic triglycerides are, in descending order: TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), and TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3). These substances are mainly composed of C16 and C18 long-chain fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxygen-containing triglycerides.

[0043] Comparison of the two groups showed that the abundance of all ten characteristic triglycerides in the taurine-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. This indicates that a dose of 150 mg / kg / day of taurine can selectively enrich high-quality triglycerides in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle, suggesting that this change can effectively increase intramuscular fat deposition, thereby improving the marbling, juiciness, and flavor of beef.

[0044] Based on the above test results, it can be determined that adding taurine to the diet of Bohai Black Cattle at a dose of 150 mg / kg / day and feeding it continuously for 182 days can significantly regulate the triglyceride metabolism of the longissimus dorsi muscle, selectively enrich high-quality lipids, and achieve comprehensive improvement in beef quality.

[0045] In summary, the taurine in this invention can be directly mixed with the basal diet in powder form at a dosage of 150 mg / kg / day, which is simple to operate and suitable for various breeding scenarios such as small-scale farming and large-scale farms. By feeding Bohai Black Cattle with taurine (at a dosage of 150 mg / kg / day) for 182 consecutive days, the effects of regulating muscle triglyceride metabolism and targeted improvement of beef quality can be stably achieved.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for regulating the intramuscular fat composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Bohai black cattle.

2. Use according to claim 1, wherein Includes the following steps: Bohai Black cattle were fed a basal diet containing taurine to alter the intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle, resulting in improved Bohai Black cattle.

3. The application as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding period was 182 days.

4. The application as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The dosage of taurine fed to the animal was 150 mg / kg / day.

5. The application as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The changes in intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle include upregulating the content of characteristic triglycerides, the fatty acid residues of which are derived from at least one of C3-C22 saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxygen-containing fatty acids.

6. The application as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The characteristic triacylglycerol includes at least one of TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:1), TG(16:0_18:0_18:2), TG(18:1_18:2_18:4), TG(3:0_18:0_25:7), TG(O-16:0_18:0_22:4), TG(O-18:0_16:0_18:1), TG(O-18:0_18:0_22:5), TG(O-35:0_22:7), and TG(O-7:0_11:0_18:3).

7. The application of taurine in the preparation of a formulation for improving the quality of Bohai black beef.

8. The application as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Taurine improves meat quality by regulating the intramuscular fat composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bohai Black Cattle.

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