Device and method for grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging of fruit wine flavor directional regulation

Abstract

The application discloses a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device and method for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor, comprising a biofilm aging tank, a jacket temperature control layer, a replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module, a low-speed stirring assembly, a wine liquid circulating assembly, a micro-oxygen regulation assembly, an online monitoring assembly and a PLC control system. The fixed bed module comprises a carrier basket, an upper layer limiting screen and a lower layer limiting screen, grape seed powder carrier particles are filled in the carrier basket and are intercepted by the limiting screen. The wine liquid circulating assembly makes the fruit wine flow through the fixed bed module, and the micro-oxygen regulation assembly realizes micro-oxygen feedback regulation through a dissolved oxygen sensor and a gas regulating valve. The application can avoid turbidity caused by the dispersion of grape seed powder with wine liquid, maintain stable adhesion of yeast biofilm, and improve the controllability of the fruit wine micro-oxygen aging process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit wine brewing and food fermentation equipment technology, and in particular to a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device and method for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine. Background Technology

[0002] Fruit wine is a low-alcohol fermented beverage made from fruits or fruit juices through processes such as yeast fermentation, clarification, and aging. Taking kiwi wine as an example, it features a fresh fruity aroma, rich nutrition, and low alcohol content, meeting consumer demand for healthy, low-alcohol, and distinctive alcoholic beverages. However, in actual production, fruit wines generally suffer from problems such as insufficient aroma release, a simple flavor structure, prominent acidity, long aging periods, and poor batch stability.

[0003] Traditional fruit wine aging mainly relies on natural aging or physical aging techniques. While natural aging can improve the harmony of the wine, it is a long process and easily affected by temperature, oxygen, and storage environment. Physical aging techniques such as ultrasound, microwave, and ultra-high pressure can accelerate flavor transformation, but the equipment is expensive, the mechanisms are complex, and it is difficult to achieve continuous control over the microbial metabolic process.

[0004] Yeast participates in the generation and transformation of flavor compounds such as alcohols, esters, and acids during the aging process of alcoholic beverages. However, free-living yeast is susceptible to stress from high alcohol, low pH, low nutrients, and insufficient oxygen in the later stages of fermentation, resulting in decreased cell activity and limited flavor regulation capabilities. In contrast, yeast in a biofilm state exhibits stronger stress resistance and metabolic stability due to the protection provided by extracellular polymers and the carrier interface. Therefore, constructing an immobilized yeast biofilm system for flavor regulation during the aging stage of fruit wines has good application potential.

[0005] Grape seed powder, a byproduct of grape processing, is rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. Its rough, porous structure provides a solid-phase interface for yeast adhesion and biofilm formation, and it boasts advantages such as good safety, wide availability, and low cost. However, the small particle size of grape seed powder makes it prone to causing turbidity, unstable sedimentation, and increased filtration burden when added directly to fruit wine. Furthermore, in conventional culture or stirring equipment, the lack of a stable confined structure between the grape seed powder carrier and the yeast biofilm makes the biofilm susceptible to shear stress damage and the carrier easily lost, hindering long-term stable operation in industrial aging.

[0006] Existing biofilm reactors or immobilized fermentation devices are mostly used for wastewater treatment or general fermentation. Their structures focus on improving reaction efficiency or cell immobilization capabilities, without fully considering the requirements of fruit wine aging systems such as low-shear protection, quantitative micro-oxygen supply, prevention of grape seed powder escape, maintenance of wine clarity, and targeted flavor regulation. Specifically, existing devices mainly have the following shortcomings: First, the lack of effective spatial confinement and retention structures makes fine-particle grape seed powder prone to migration and dispersion during liquid circulation or stirring, leading to increased turbidity in the wine and increasing the difficulty of subsequent clarification and filtration.

[0007] Second, conventional stirring devices are mainly designed to enhance mixing, resulting in high local shear forces and turbulence intensity. This can easily damage the yeast biofilm on the carrier surface, leading to membrane detachment, decreased yeast activity, and hindering the long-term stable maintenance of the biofilm.

[0008] Third, uneven flow field distribution limits the mass transfer efficiency between the wine and the biofilm carrier, easily forming stagnant zones or insufficient mass transfer zones, resulting in uneven distribution of oxygen, nutrients and metabolites, affecting flavor conversion efficiency and batch consistency.

[0009] Fourth, micro-oxygen supply methods often rely on empirical aeration or simple ventilation, lacking a precise regulation mechanism based on dissolved oxygen feedback, which easily leads to insufficient or excessive oxygen supply. Insufficient oxygen supply will limit the metabolic activity of biofilm yeast, while excessive oxygen supply may induce oxidative browning of the wine, loss of aroma, and flavor imbalance.

[0010] Fifth, the lack of process monitoring and automatic control for flavor regulation makes it difficult to accurately switch between the film-forming stage and the aging stage based on parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and circulation flow rate.

[0011] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device suitable for fruit wine aging systems. This device should be able to stably form and maintain a biofilm inside the device, ensuring uniform contact between the wine and the biofilm, while avoiding turbidity caused by grape seed powder. Furthermore, the device should enable targeted regulation of the fruit wine flavor through micro-oxygenation, circulation, temperature control, and online monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device and method for targeted regulation of fruit wine flavor, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted regulation of fruit wine flavor, comprising: A biofilm aging tank, wherein the biofilm aging tank is a sealed food-grade tank and a jacketed temperature control layer is provided on the outside of the biofilm aging tank; A replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module is installed inside the biofilm aging tank. The replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module includes a carrier basket, an upper limiting screen and a lower limiting screen. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier is filled inside the carrier basket and is limited and fixed by the upper limiting screen and the lower limiting screen. A low-speed stirring component is installed inside the biofilm aging tank. The low-speed stirring component includes a variable frequency motor, a stirring shaft, and low-speed stirring blades. The wine circulation assembly includes a circulation pump, a circulation pipeline, a three-way reversing valve, a reflux port, and a liquid inlet. The circulation pump is connected to the reflux port and the liquid inlet through the circulation pipeline. The three-way reversing valve is connected to the nutrient solution storage tank and the fruit wine storage tank, respectively. The micro-oxygen regulation component includes a food-grade gas source, a sterile filter, a gas regulating valve, a microporous aerator, and a dissolved oxygen sensor. The food-grade gas source is connected to the microporous aerator via the sterile filter and the gas regulating valve. The microporous aerator is installed inside the biofilm aging tank. An online monitoring component, comprising a temperature sensor and a flow meter, wherein the temperature sensor is disposed inside the biofilm aging tank and the flow meter is disposed on the circulation pipeline; The PLC control system is connected to the circulating pump, the variable frequency motor, the gas regulating valve, the jacket temperature control layer, the dissolved oxygen sensor, the temperature sensor, and the flow meter, respectively. The biofilm aging tank is also equipped with a sight glass, a sterile sampling port, a drain port, a safety valve, and a breather.

[0014] According to the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor provided by the present invention, the pore size of the upper limiting screen and the pore size of the lower limiting screen are both smaller than the particle size of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier.

[0015] According to the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor provided by the present invention, the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module further includes at least two layers of separating sieves, the separating sieves being spaced apart along the height direction of the carrier basket, and the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier being separated into different thin-layer regions by the separating sieves.

[0016] According to the present invention, the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor has an average particle size of 93.8 micrometers.

[0017] According to the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor provided by the present invention, the rotation speed control range of the low-speed stirring component is 20 rpm to 180 rpm.

[0018] According to the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor provided by the present invention, the nutrient solution storage tank also stores sterile food-grade water. The sterile food-grade water enters the biofilm aging tank through the three-way reversing valve, the circulation pump and the circulation pipeline, and circulates through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module.

[0019] According to the present invention, the microporous aerator is disposed at the bottom of the biofilm aging tank or near the low-speed stirring blades in the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device and method for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor.

[0020] The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for directional regulation of fruit wine flavor provided by the present invention further includes an online monitoring component. The online monitoring component includes a temperature sensor, a flow meter, and a redox potential sensor. The temperature sensor is installed inside the biofilm aging tank, the flow meter is installed on the circulation pipeline, and the redox potential sensor is installed inside the biofilm aging tank. The temperature sensor, the flow meter, and the redox potential sensor are respectively connected to the PLC control system.

[0021] The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging method for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine includes the following steps: Step 1: The grape seed powder is degreased, washed, dried, sieved and sterilized to obtain the grape seed powder carrier; Step 2: The grape seed powder carrier is loaded into the carrier basket and fixed by the upper and lower limiting screens to form a replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module. Step 3: Install the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module into the biofilm aging tank, add nutrient solution and activated wine yeast liquid into the biofilm aging tank, and turn on the circulation pump and low-speed stirring component to circulate the nutrient solution through the grape seed powder carrier. Step 4: After the film formation is completed, the nutrient solution is discharged through the drain port, and sterile food-grade water is introduced from the nutrient solution storage tank through the three-way reversing valve, circulation pump and circulation pipeline into the biofilm aging tank, and circulated through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module. Step 5: After cleaning and replacement, the fruit wine is introduced into the biofilm aging tank, so that the fruit wine is continuously passed through the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier under the action of the circulation pump.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention effectively solves the problem of wine turbidity caused by the direct addition of grape seed powder. The fixed bed module's screen confinement structure completely traps carrier particles. At the same time, the low-shear flow field design with low-speed stirring and circulation coordination avoids the biofilm from being damaged and detached by mechanical force, greatly improving the long-term stability of the biofilm system during the aging process.

[0023] This invention avoids both insufficient oxygen supply limiting yeast metabolic activity and excessive oxygen causing oxidative browning and aroma loss in the wine; PLC linkage control of parameters such as temperature and flow rate significantly improves the consistency of aging quality of different batches of fruit wine.

[0024] This invention adopts an integrated design for film formation and aging, which can complete in-situ construction of biofilm and flavor regulation of fruit wine in the same device, reducing the risk of contamination and biofilm damage caused by carrier transfer; coupled with a replaceable fixed bed module, it facilitates continuous industrial production and maintenance, and significantly reduces the overall cost and cycle of fruit wine aging. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for fruit wine flavor regulation according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the film-forming mode and the aging mode circulation path of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for fruit wine flavor regulation according to the present invention.

[0027] The components include: 1. Biofilm aging tank; 2. Jacketed temperature control layer; 3. Replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module; 4. Carrier basket; 5. Upper limiting screen; 6. Lower limiting screen; 7. Grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier; 8. Low-speed stirring blade; 9. Stirring shaft; 10. Variable frequency motor; 11. Circulation pump; 12. Circulation pipeline; 13. Three-way reversing valve; 14. Nutrient solution storage tank; 15. Fruit wine storage tank; 16. Return port; 17. Liquid inlet; 18. Food-grade gas source; 19. Sterile filter; 20. Gas regulating valve; 21. Microporous aerator; 22. Dissolved oxygen sensor; 23. Temperature sensor; 24. Flow meter; 25. PLC control system; 26. Sight glass; 27. Sterile sampling port; 28. Drain port; 29. ​​Safety valve; 30. Breather; 31. Separating sieve plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-3 This invention provides a grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device and method for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine, comprising: Biofilm aging tank 1, which is a sealed food-grade tank, has a jacketed temperature control layer 2 on the outside. A replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3 is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1. The replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3 includes a carrier basket 4, an upper limiting screen 5 and a lower limiting screen 6. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 is filled inside the carrier basket 4 and is limited and fixed by the upper limiting screen 5 and the lower limiting screen 6. A low-speed stirring component is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1. The low-speed stirring component includes a variable frequency motor 10, a stirring shaft 9, and a low-speed stirring blade 8. The wine circulation assembly includes a circulation pump 11, a circulation pipeline 12, a three-way reversing valve 13, a return port 16, and a liquid inlet 17. The circulation pump 11 is connected to the return port 16 and the liquid inlet 17 through the circulation pipeline 12. The three-way reversing valve 13 is connected to the nutrient solution storage tank 14 and the fruit wine storage tank 15 respectively. The micro-oxygen control component includes a food-grade gas source 18, a sterile filter 19, a gas regulating valve 20, a microporous aerator 21, and a dissolved oxygen sensor 22. The food-grade gas source 18 is connected to the microporous aerator 21 via the sterile filter 19 and the gas regulating valve 20. The microporous aerator 21 is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1. The online monitoring component includes a temperature sensor 23 and a flow meter 24. The temperature sensor 23 is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1, and the flow meter 24 is installed on the circulation pipeline 12. The PLC control system 25 is connected to the circulating pump 11, the variable frequency motor 10, the gas regulating valve 20, the jacket temperature control layer 2, the dissolved oxygen sensor 22, the temperature sensor 23, and the flow meter 24, respectively. Among them, the biofilm aging tank 1 is also equipped with a sight glass 26, a sterile sampling port 27, a drain port 28, a safety valve 29, and a respirator 30.

[0031] This invention first encapsulates the pretreated grape seed powder carrier within a replaceable fixed bed module, with upper and lower limiting screens 6 used to confine the carrier. During operation, it first switches to film-forming mode, where the nutrient solution forms a uniform flow field driven by the circulating pump 11 and a low-speed stirring component, flowing through the fixed bed to allow yeast to adhere and proliferate on the carrier surface. The PLC control system 25, in conjunction with the jacket temperature control layer 2 and the micro-oxygen regulation component, maintains a film-forming temperature of 28°C and a suitable dissolved oxygen environment. After film formation, the nutrient solution is drained, and the planar yeast is washed and replaced with sterile water. Then, it switches to aging mode, where the fruit wine circulates through the biofilm carrier and ages under constant temperature and mild oxygen supply conditions at 20°C. The biofilm-formed yeast catalyzes the transformation of flavor substances in the wine. The online monitoring component collects parameters in real time and feeds them back to the PLC, achieving fully automated control throughout the process, ultimately yielding a well-balanced fruit wine.

[0032] Further optimization of the scheme resulted in the apertures of both the upper limiting screen 5 and the lower limiting screen 6 being smaller than the particle size of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7.

[0033] By ensuring that the pore sizes of both the upper and lower limiting screens 5 and 6 are smaller than the particle size of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7, a physical retention barrier is constructed. When the wine or nutrient solution flows through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3, liquid molecules can freely pass through the screen pores into the carrier area, while grape seed powder carrier particles larger than the screen pores are completely confined inside the carrier basket 4 and cannot escape to other areas of the tank with the liquid flow. This structurally eliminates the problem of carrier particles entering the wine and causing turbidity.

[0034] Further optimization of the scheme: the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3 also includes at least two layers of partition sieves 31. The partition sieves 31 are spaced apart along the height direction of the carrier basket 4, and the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 is separated into different thin-layer areas by the partition sieves 31.

[0035] At least two layers of separating sieve plates 31 are arranged at intervals along the height of the carrier basket 4, dividing the originally monolithically stacked grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 into multiple independent thin-layer regions. This structure eliminates the internal mass transfer resistance caused by excessively thick overall carrier stacking, allowing the circulating liquid to uniformly penetrate and contact the surface of each carrier layer, avoiding mass transfer dead zones formed in the central area where the liquid cannot flow sufficiently; at the same time, it makes the adhesion and distribution of yeast cells on the surface of each thin-layer carrier more uniform, improving the overall biofilm formation quality and efficiency.

[0036] Further optimization of the scheme: the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 is a grape seed powder carrier that has been degreased, washed, dried, sieved and sterilized, and the average particle size of the grape seed powder carrier is 93.8 micrometers.

[0037] Grape seed powder undergoes sequential defatting, washing, drying, sieving, and sterilization to remove residual oils, soluble impurities, and bacteria, eliminating the adverse effects of impurities on yeast cell adhesion and preventing contamination of the fermentation system by bacteria. Controlling the carrier particle size within the range of 200 to 300 mesh ensures a sufficiently large specific surface area for yeast cell attachment sites, while also matching the sieve pore size in optimized scheme 1, ensuring effective carrier retention and balancing biofilm formation efficiency with carrier anti-escape effects.

[0038] The design was further optimized so that the speed control range of the low-speed stirring component is 20 rpm to 180 rpm.

[0039] In a further optimized version, the nutrient solution storage tank 14 also stores sterile food-grade water. The sterile food-grade water enters the biofilm aging tank 1 through the three-way reversing valve 13, the circulation pump 11 and the circulation pipeline 12, and circulates through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3.

[0040] The nutrient solution storage tank 14 simultaneously stores sterile food-grade water. A three-way reversing valve 13 switches the liquid circulation path, enabling tank cleaning and replacement after the film-forming stage without requiring additional water storage. After film formation, the sterile food-grade water enters the biofilm aging tank 1 via the three-way reversing valve 13, circulation pump 11, and circulation pipeline 12. It then circulates through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3, effectively flushing and removing residual nutrient solution, planktonic yeast, and yeast cells not firmly attached to the carrier surface, providing a clean system environment for subsequent fruit wine aging.

[0041] To further optimize the design, the microporous aerator 21 is placed at the bottom of the biofilm aging tank 1, or near the low-speed stirring blade 8.

[0042] Further optimization of the scheme also includes an online monitoring component, which includes a temperature sensor 23, a flow meter 24, and a redox potential sensor. The temperature sensor 23 is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1, the flow meter 24 is installed on the circulation pipeline 12, and the redox potential sensor is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1. The temperature sensor 23, the flow meter 24, and the redox potential sensor are respectively connected to the PLC control system 25.

[0043] By adding an oxidation-reduction potential sensor to the online monitoring component and connecting it to the PLC control system, real-time monitoring of the oxidation-reduction state of the wine can be achieved. Oxidation-reduction potential comprehensively reflects the concentration changes of various redox substances in the wine, providing a more accurate characterization of the overall oxidation level compared to a single dissolved oxygen indicator. The PLC control system, combined with multi-parameter feedback from temperature, flow rate, and oxidation-reduction potential, can further regulate operating parameters such as micro-oxygen supply, temperature, and circulation flow rate, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of targeted flavor control in fruit wines.

[0044] The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging method for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine includes the following steps: First, the grape seed powder is subjected to degreasing, washing, drying, sieving, and sterilization processes to obtain a grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 with a particle size of 200-300 mesh. The pretreated grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 is then filled into a carrier basket 4. An upper limiting screen 5 is installed at the top of the carrier basket 4, and a lower limiting screen 6 is installed at the bottom. Multiple layers of partition screen plates 31 are spaced along the height of the carrier basket 4 to separate and fix the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7, forming a complete replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3.

[0045] The assembled replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3 is installed inside the biofilm aging tank 1. The biofilm aging tank 1 is pre-installed with a sight glass 26, a sterile sampling port 27, a drain port 28, a safety valve 29, and a breather 30. The safety valve 29 and the breather 30 maintain the safe operation and sterile ventilation of the tank throughout the process. Nutrient solution and activated brewing yeast liquid from the nutrient solution storage tank 14 are added to the biofilm aging tank 1. The low-speed stirring component is turned on, and the variable frequency motor 10 drives the stirring shaft 9 to rotate the low-speed stirring blades 8. At the same time, the circulation pump 11 is turned on, so that the nutrient solution enters the biofilm aging tank 1 through the circulation pipeline 12 and the inlet 17. After continuously passing through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3, it returns to the circulation pipeline 12 through the return port 16 to form a circulation. The three-way reversing valve 13 connects the nutrient solution storage tank 14 and the circulation pipeline 12 at this time. The flow meter 24 monitors the liquid flow rate in the circulation pipeline 12 in real time. The temperature inside the tank is regulated by the jacketed temperature control layer 2. The temperature sensor 23 collects the temperature signal in real time and transmits it to the PLC control system 25. The PLC control system 25 regulates the heat exchange state of the jacketed temperature control layer 2 to control the temperature inside the tank at 28°C. At the same time, the PLC control system 25 regulates the speed of the variable frequency motor 10 to control the speed of the low-speed stirring component to 20-80 rpm for 48 hours of cyclic cultivation. During the cultivation process, the micro-oxygen regulation component is activated. Food-grade oxygen-containing gas is continuously or intermittently introduced by the food-grade gas source 18. After being filtered by the sterile filter 19, the gas flow rate is controlled by the gas regulating valve 20. Then, it is dispersed in the nutrient solution in the form of microbubbles through the microporous aerator 21. The dissolved oxygen sensor 22 collects the dissolved oxygen signal inside the tank in real time and transmits it to the PLC control system 25. The PLC control system 25 adjusts the opening time or opening degree of the gas regulating valve 20 according to the monitoring signal. The biofilm formation status inside the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3 is observed through the sight glass 26, and the progress of film formation is detected by collecting culture medium samples through the sterile sampling port 27, which promotes the adhesion, proliferation and formation of stable grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7 on the surface of yeast cells.

[0046] After the film-forming culture is completed, all the nutrient solution in the biofilm aging tank 1 is discharged through the drain port 28 at the bottom of the tank. The three-way reversing valve 13 is switched so that the sterile food-grade water stored in the nutrient solution storage tank 14 is introduced into the biofilm aging tank 1 through the three-way reversing valve 13, the circulation pump 11, and the circulation pipeline 12. The sterile food-grade water enters the tank through the inlet 17, circulates through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module 3, and then returns to the circulation pipeline 12 through the return port 16, washing away any residual culture medium and planktonic yeast in the tank. During the cleaning and replacement process, the PLC control system 25 controls the speed of the variable frequency motor 10 and the operating power of the circulation pump 11, ensuring that the stirring speed of the low-speed stirring component and the circulation flow rate of the circulation pump 11 are lower than the corresponding parameters for the subsequent aging stages.

[0047] After cleaning and replacement, switch the three-way reversing valve 13 to introduce the fruit wine from the fruit wine storage tank 15 into the biofilm aging tank 1 via the three-way reversing valve 13, the circulation pump 11, and the circulation pipeline 12. Turn on the circulation pump 11 and the low-speed stirring component to allow the fruit wine to enter the tank through the inlet 17, continuously pass through the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier 7, and then return to the circulation pipeline 12 through the return port 16 to form a circulation. The flow meter 24 monitors the circulation flow rate in real time and transmits the signal to the PLC control system 25. The PLC control system 25 regulates the heat exchange status of the jacket temperature control layer 2, controls the tank temperature to 20°C through the monitoring signal of the temperature sensor 23, and regulates the speed of the variable frequency motor 10 to control the speed of the low-speed stirring component to 30 rpm. Simultaneously, the micro-oxygen regulation component is activated. The gas output from the food-grade gas source 18 is filtered by the sterile filter 19, and the flow rate is controlled by the gas regulating valve 20. It is then dispersed into the liquid as microbubbles through the microporous aerator 21. The dissolved oxygen sensor 22 collects the dissolved oxygen content signal in the tank in real time and transmits it to the PLC control system 25. The PLC control system 25 adjusts the opening time or degree of the gas regulating valve 20 according to the monitoring signal to maintain the dissolved oxygen in the tank within the preset range required for aging. During the aging process, the PLC control system 25 continuously collects all operating parameters fed back by the temperature sensor 23, the dissolved oxygen sensor 22, and the flow meter 24, and controls the heat exchange status of the jacket temperature control layer 2, the operating speed of the circulating pump 11, and the working status of the variable frequency motor 10 in real time. The clarification status and biofilm adhesion status of the liquid are observed through the sight glass 26. Samples are collected periodically through the sterile sampling port 27 to test the flavor indicators of the liquid. The safety valve 29 and the breather 30 ensure the safe operation of the tank and the sterile ventilation environment throughout the process.

[0048] When the aging time reaches the preset value of the PLC control system 25, or when the wine sample collected through the aseptic sampling port 27 confirms that the wine flavor index meets the requirements, the PLC control system 25 controls the circulation pump 11, the variable frequency motor 10, the gas regulating valve 20 and the jacket temperature control layer 2 to stop running, and outputs the processed fruit wine through the drain port 28 at the bottom of the biofilm aging tank 1.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0050] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine, characterized in that, include: Biofilm aging tank (1), the biofilm aging tank (1) is a sealed food-grade tank, and the biofilm aging tank (1) is provided with a jacketed temperature control layer (2) on the outside. A replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3) is installed inside the biofilm aging tank (1). The replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3) includes a carrier basket (4), an upper limiting screen (5) and a lower limiting screen (6). The grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier (7) is filled inside the carrier basket (4). The grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier (7) is fixed by the upper limiting screen (5) and the lower limiting screen (6). A low-speed stirring assembly is installed inside the biofilm aging tank (1). The low-speed stirring assembly includes a variable frequency motor (10), a stirring shaft (9), and low-speed stirring blades (8). The wine circulation assembly includes a circulation pump (11), a circulation pipeline (12), a three-way reversing valve (13), a return port (16), and an inlet (17). The circulation pump (11) is connected to the return port (16) and the inlet (17) through the circulation pipeline (12). The three-way reversing valve (13) is connected to the nutrient solution storage tank (14) and the fruit wine storage tank (15) respectively. The micro-oxygen control component includes a food-grade gas source (18), a sterile filter (19), a gas regulating valve (20), a microporous aerator (21), and a dissolved oxygen sensor (22). The food-grade gas source (18) is connected to the microporous aerator (21) through the sterile filter (19) and the gas regulating valve (20). The microporous aerator (21) is installed inside the biofilm aging tank (1). An online monitoring component, comprising a temperature sensor (23) and a flow meter (24), wherein the temperature sensor (23) is disposed inside the biofilm aging tank (1) and the flow meter (24) is disposed on the circulation pipeline (12); The PLC control system (25) is connected to the circulating pump (11), the variable frequency motor (10), the gas regulating valve (20), the jacket temperature control layer (2), the dissolved oxygen sensor (22), the temperature sensor (23) and the flow meter (24) respectively. The biofilm aging tank (1) is also equipped with a sight glass (26), a sterile sampling port (27), a drain port (28), a safety valve (29), and a respirator (30).

2. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the upper limiting screen (5) and the aperture of the lower limiting screen (6) are both smaller than the particle size of the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier (7).

3. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3) also includes at least two layers of separating sieves (31), which are spaced apart along the height direction of the carrier basket (4), and the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier (7) is separated into different thin-layer areas by the separating sieves (31).

4. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the grape seed powder carrier is 93.8 micrometers.

5. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed control range of the low-speed stirring component is 20 rpm to 180 rpm.

6. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient solution storage tank (14) also stores sterile food-grade water. The sterile food-grade water enters the biofilm aging tank (1) through the three-way reversing valve (13), the circulation pump (11) and the circulation pipeline (12), and circulates through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3).

7. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microporous aerator (21) is located at the bottom of the biofilm aging tank (1) or near the low-speed stirring blade (8).

8. The grape seed powder yeast biofilm micro-oxygen aging device for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an online monitoring component, which includes a temperature sensor (23), a flow meter (24) and a redox potential sensor. The temperature sensor (23) is installed inside the biofilm aging tank (1), the flow meter (24) is installed on the circulation pipeline (12), and the redox potential sensor is installed inside the biofilm aging tank (1). The temperature sensor (23), the flow meter (24) and the redox potential sensor are respectively connected to the PLC control system (25).

9. A method for micro-aerobic aging of grape seed powder and yeast biofilm for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine, based on the micro-aerobic aging apparatus for targeted flavor regulation of fruit wine according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: The grape seed powder is degreased, washed, dried, sieved and sterilized to obtain the grape seed powder carrier; Step 2: The grape seed powder carrier is loaded into the carrier basket (4) and fixed by the upper limiting screen (5) and the lower limiting screen (6) to form a replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3). Step 3: Install the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3) into the biofilm aging tank (1), add nutrient solution and activated wine yeast liquid into the biofilm aging tank (1), turn on the circulation pump (11) and low-speed stirring component to make the nutrient solution circulate through the grape seed powder carrier. Step 4: After the film is formed, the nutrient solution is discharged through the drain port (28), and sterile food-grade water is introduced from the nutrient solution storage tank (14) through the three-way reversing valve (13), the circulation pump (11) and the circulation pipeline (12) into the biofilm aging tank (1), and circulated through the replaceable grape seed powder carrier fixed bed module (3). Step 5: After cleaning and replacement, the fruit wine is introduced into the biofilm aging tank (1), so that the fruit wine is continuously passed through the grape seed powder yeast biofilm carrier (7) under the action of the circulation pump (11).

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