Shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to a shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric and its preparation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of flexible electronics. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, spirally wrapping high-elastic filaments on the surface of conductive filaments through a wrapping spinning process to obtain conductive core-spun yarn; S2, sewing two conductive core-spun yarns into a knitted fabric through a sewing process to form a sewing topological structure and obtain a shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric; the sewing topological structure can disperse tensile stress, stabilize the electrode spacing and retain the vertical pressure freedom degree, and can still detect pressure with high precision under large strain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flexible electronics technology, and particularly relates to a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the deep integration of flexible electronics technology and smart textile materials has driven wearable devices towards full flexibility. As application scenarios for wearable monitoring and human motion sensing continue to expand, the market and practical applications have placed comprehensive demands on textile-based sensors, requiring high flexibility, high breathability, good adaptability to three-dimensional curved surfaces, and stable and accurate sensing under various deformation conditions. Traditional rigid sensors are bulky, have poor surface fit, offer unsatisfactory wearing comfort, and are prone to breakage under stress. They cannot meet the demands of real-time, interference-free, and high-precision sensing operations under conditions involving human joint movement and complex curved surfaces.

[0003] In the field of flexible pressure sensing technology, most mainstream flexible sensors currently use silicone, polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogel, and polymer films as flexible substrates, combined with printing, coating, photolithography, and other processing methods to form sensing functional units. These devices only possess basic mechanical response capabilities in a static planar state. Once subjected to complex mechanical deformation conditions such as tension, torsion, or combined extrusion, they are highly susceptible to technical defects such as crosstalk between strain signals and pressure detection signals. Currently, commonly used flexible electrodes are mostly planar or mesh-like structures, and their resistance parameters are prone to significant fluctuations during compression. When subjected to tensile forces, they are also prone to electrode cracking and failure, directly causing distortion of the detection signal. Especially in the combined stress environment of pressure and tension, the deviation of pressure detection data is further amplified, making it difficult to guarantee the stability and reliability of pressure detection results.

[0004] Textile-based flexible pressure sensing fabrics, relying on the inherent characteristics of high flexibility, breathability, skin-friendliness, and direct wearability of the fiber substrate and the finished textile product, have become a preferred development direction to overcome the application limitations of traditional thin-film flexible sensors. However, existing textile-based pressure sensing products still have many technical pain points that need to be overcome. First, the overall tensile strength of the structure is relatively weak. Conventional linear cross-shaped sensing nodes are prone to stress concentration under tension. The electrode spacing changes significantly with tensile deformation, and the tensile strain parameter is directly coupled into the pressure detection signal, forming serious signal crosstalk. Second, the overall mechanical coupling effect of the device is prominent. Different sensing functional units are prone to signal interference, making it impossible to achieve independent and accurate pressure sensing in local areas. When applied to three-dimensional curved surface bonding scenarios and dynamic deformation monitoring, the detection signal will drift significantly. Third, the overall manufacturing process is complicated and the production cost is high. The production process is highly dependent on precision micro-machining processes such as photolithography, magnetron sputtering, and high-precision inkjet printing. The overall production process is lengthy, mass production is difficult, and the production process is poorly compatible with the traditional textile industrial production system.

[0005] While existing research has improved the strain resistance of sensing units through special structural optimization designs such as snake-shaped, wave-shaped, and paper-cut-style structures, these optimized structures are only applicable to thin film and hydrogel sensing systems. They generally suffer from practical problems such as a narrow effective stretching range, insufficient bonding strength at the interface of heterogeneous materials, and poor breathability when worn. They cannot meet the inherent flexibility of textile substrates and the standards for daily wearable use, and are based on the urgent development needs of the smart wearable industry for practical application.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a textile-based pressure sensing fabric with strong resistance to tensile signal interference, excellent shape adaptive performance, simple preparation process, low production cost, and easy mass production. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of crosstalk of detection signals, data drift and poor adaptability to three-dimensional curved surfaces in existing textile-based flexible pressure sensing fabrics under complex deformation conditions.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric and its preparation method. The fabric is composed of an elastic knitted fabric and a conductive core-spun yarn through a sewing topology. This sewing topology can disperse tensile stress, stabilize electrode spacing, and retain vertical pressure freedom. It can still detect pressure with high accuracy under large strain, solving the technical problem of crosstalk between strain and pressure signals in traditional sensing fabrics under tensile and bending conditions. It can achieve stable pressure mapping, trajectory recognition, and collision detection on planar and three-dimensional curved surfaces, and is suitable for applications such as wearable human-machine interfaces and robot external perception and early warning.

[0009] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric, comprising the following steps: S1. High-elastic filaments are spirally wrapped around the surface of conductive filaments through a wrapping spinning process to obtain conductive core-spun yarn; S2. The two conductive core-spun yarns described in S1 are sewn into the knitted fabric through a sewing process to form a sewing topology structure, thereby obtaining the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the high-elastic filament is selected from one or more of polyester yarn, aramid yarn and viscose yarn; the fineness of the conductive filament is 28tex-32tex.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the conductive filament is selected from one or more of conductive silver yarn, conductive carbon fiber and conductive polyester blended yarn; the fineness of the conductive filament is 18tex-22tex.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the process parameters of the wrapping spinning process are as follows: the output linear speed of the pull nip is 10m / min-15m / min, the spindle speed is 500rpm-700rpm, and the bobbin speed is 800rpm-1200rpm.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the diameter of the conductive core-spun yarn is 0.4mm-0.7mm.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the density of the knitted fabric is 100 g / cm³. 2 -140g / cm 2 .

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the sewing topology includes a sewing pattern and a sewing structure; The sewing pattern is selected from one or more of the following: paper-cut triangle (KT), serpentine triangle (ST), paper-cut rectangle (KR), and serpentine rectangle (SR); The sewing structure is a serpentine cross structure (SCST).

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the process parameters of the sewing process are as follows: the sewing arc angle is 120°-180°, and the stitch spacing is 1.4mm-2.2mm.

[0017] A second objective of this invention is to provide a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric prepared by the method described.

[0018] A third objective of this invention is to provide an application of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric described above in smart wearables.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The preparation method described in this invention is developed based on traditional textile technology. It uses wrapping and sewing processes to prepare sensor fabrics. The process is simple, the production cost is low, and the production efficiency is high.

[0020] (2) The shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric of the present invention effectively disperses tensile stress to the yarn nodes through the sewing topology, fundamentally suppressing the false signals caused by stretching. Its topology can dissipate the in-plane tensile stress along the yarn path gradient, avoiding stress concentration. At the same time, the spiral elastic sheath of the conductive core-spun yarn undergoes circumferential expansion and axial rebound during stretching, which, together with the topological structure mechanics, locks the effective distance between the two electrode yarns, so that the tensile deformation is mainly consumed in the non-sensing area, and the complete degree of freedom is retained in the vertical pressure direction, eliminating the capacitance / resistance false signals caused by strain, and realizing the anti-stretching interference of the textile-based pressure sensor.

[0021] (3) The shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric described in this invention has excellent shape-adaptive characteristics, can closely fit three-dimensional curved surfaces, and is suitable for scenarios such as joints, prostheses, and robot external sensing. The textile substrate gives it the advantages of being breathable, skin-friendly, and comfortable to wear. The serpentine cross structure (SCST) has isotropic deformation capability. Under different directions of stretching, the electrode spacing and sensing response remain highly consistent, which can realize uniform pressure mapping across the entire curved surface.

[0022] (4) The shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric described in this invention has multiple application scenarios in the field of smart wearables. Relying on its good fit performance, it can accurately monitor the activities of various parts of the human body and accurately identify gesture input under different curved surfaces. Even when in a complex deformation state such as stretching or bending, it can still clearly distinguish various gesture information. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 The tensile stress relationship curves of the adaptive pressure-sensing fabric with different sewing patterns of the present invention are shown. Figure 2 The capacitance change curves of the adaptive pressure-sensing fabric with different sewing patterns of the present invention during the compression process under 0% and 50% pre-stretch strain. Figure 3 The tensile stress relationship curves of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric with different parameters of the present invention are shown. Figure 4The deformation distance change curves of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric with different sewing structures of the present invention during the stretching process under pre-compression conditions; Figure 5 The compression electrical signal response of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric in Embodiment 2 of the present invention under different strain and stretching directions; wherein, a is the relative capacitance change rate when 120 kPa pressure is applied under a gradient strain of 0%-50%, and b is the relative capacitance change rate when 120 kPa pressure is applied under different stretching directions at 50% pre-stretch strain. Figure 6 This invention presents an electrical signal monitoring diagram of a finger pressing trajectory under a three-dimensional curved surface. The left image shows the three-dimensional curved surface sensing fabric adhesion state, a schematic diagram of the finger's Z-shaped pressing trajectory, an initial capacitance signal distribution diagram of each sensing node, and a static capacitance response spectrum of the nodes under 50% strain. The right image shows a cloud map of real-time capacitance signal changes during the dynamic finger drawing process, a dynamic curve of capacitance response in the X-axis direction, a dynamic curve of capacitance response in the Y-axis direction, and a diagram showing the complete signal reconstruction effect of the Z-shaped trajectory. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the high-elastic filament used in the embodiments is high-elastic polyester yarn, purchased from Hubei Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the conductive filaments used in the embodiments are silver-plated polyester yarn, purchased from Hubei Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the knitted fabric used in the embodiments is a polyester four-way stretch knitted fabric, purchased from Hubei Jiateng Textile Co., Ltd., with a specification of 520g / m². 2 .

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the sewing pattern involved in the embodiments is driven by the movement of a conductive core-spun yarn with a random needle, hooking together with another conductive core-spun yarn, thereby forming an inlay structure between the upper and lower coils. Example 1

[0031] The shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric and its preparation method in this embodiment specifically include the following steps: S1. Conductive core-spun yarn: 30tex high-elastic filament is used as sheath yarn and wound around a hollow yarn tube. It is then installed into a hollow core yarn fancy twisting machine. 20tex conductive filament is used as core yarn and is continuously fed in by a tension controller and three sets of positive pressure rollers. Under the conditions of a pull pliers output linear speed of 12m / min, a spindle speed of 600rpm, and a bobbin speed of 1000rpm, the high-elastic filament is spirally wrapped around the conductive filament at the upper end of the hollow mandrel to obtain a conductive core-spun yarn with a diameter of 0.4mm. S2. Preparation of shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric: Two conductive core-spun yarns with a density of 120 g / cm³ are sewn together using a sewing machine. 2 In the knitted fabric, the sewing arc angle is 180° and the seam spacing is 2.0mm, constructing a serpentine triangle ST sewing pattern. Specifically, it is driven by the movement of a conductive core-spun yarn with random needle movement, hooking together with another conductive core-spun yarn, thus forming an inlay structure between the upper and lower loops, resulting in a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric. Example 2

[0032] The basic structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the serpentine triangle ST sewing pattern is replaced with a serpentine cross sewing structure (SCST). Comparative Example 1

[0033] The basic structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the serpentine triangle ST sewing pattern is replaced with a vertically intersecting sewing structure (PCLS). Test Example 1

[0034] Based on Example 1, the influence of different sewing patterns (paper-cut triangle KT, serpentine triangle ST, paper-cut rectangle KR, and serpentine rectangle SR) on the mechanical properties of shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabrics was investigated. Four types of fabrics were cut into 50mm × 20mm samples and subjected to uniaxial tensile testing using a flexible electronic testing platform. The clamping distance was 30mm, the tensile rate was 5mm / min, the ambient temperature was 25℃, and the relative humidity was 50%. Under a pre-compression of 120kPa, the stress-strain curves and resistivity change rates of the fabrics within the tensile strain range of 0%-50% were recorded. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. From Figure 1It can be seen that, under the same tensile strain conditions, the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabrics of the four stitch patterns exhibit differentiated mechanical and electrical responses during the stretching process, and each has its own unique advantages: the paper-cut triangle KT structure fabric has a sensitive initial response and high pressure sensing accuracy; the paper-cut rectangle KR structure fabric has a regular structure, uniform stress, and good signal stability; the serpentine rectangle SR structure fabric has strong deformation resistance and excellent three-dimensional surface adaptability; the serpentine triangle ST structure fabric has the lowest sensitivity to tensile strain, the smallest resistance change rate, the highest mechanical matching degree with the matrix fabric, and outstanding resistance to tensile signal interference. All four stitch structures can effectively adapt to flexible sensing requirements and different complex deformation conditions; among them, the serpentine triangle ST structure has the best comprehensive performance in balancing matrix mechanical properties and suppressing strain signal crosstalk, making it the core topology for achieving high stability and high adaptability pressure sensing. Test Example 2

[0035] Based on the four different sewing patterns of the adaptive pressure-sensing fabrics in Test Example 1, capacitance response tests were conducted during compression under 0% and 50% pre-stretch strain. The four fabrics were fixed on a digital tension slide, and 0% and 50% pre-stretch were applied. The pre-stretched samples were then transferred to the compression test slide, and the conductive core-spun yarns at both ends of the fabric were connected to an LCR bridge to acquire capacitance signals in real time. Compression pressures of 0-150 kPa were applied to the fabrics, and the capacitance changes of the four fabrics under different pressures and in the two pre-stretch states were recorded simultaneously. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. From Figure 2 It can be seen that, under the same compression pressure, the difference in capacitance readings of the serpentine triangle (ST) structure fabric at 0% and 50% pre-stretch strain is minimal, and the effect of stretching on its compression capacitance response is negligible. Although the differences in capacitance response and stretch sensitivity of the paper-cut triangle (KT), paper-cut rectangle (KR), and serpentine rectangle (SR) structure fabrics are more obvious under stretching, all four topologies can effectively realize pressure sensing function under the coupled stretching and compression conditions. They can all be used to construct a pressure sensing fabric system that is resistant to strain interference and shape-adaptive, and are suitable for complex deformation and three-dimensional curved surface dynamic monitoring scenarios. Test Example 3

[0036] Based on Example 1, the effects of different sewing arc angles θ (120°, 135°, 150°, 165°, 180°), different seam spacings P (1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm, 2.2mm), and different conductive core-spun yarn diameters D (0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm) on the mechanical properties of shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabrics were investigated. The experiment maintained a single variable principle, with all other parameters uniformly set to the baseline conditions θ=180°, P=2.0mm, and D=0.4mm. Under controlled conditions, θ=180°, P=2.0mm, and D=0.4mm, the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. From Figure 3 It can be seen that when the sewing arc angle θ increases, the topological curvature is improved; the increase of the seam spacing P can optimize the stress distribution between coils; and the increase of the diameter D of the conductive core-spun yarn can enhance the yarn's own load-bearing capacity. The three factors work together to significantly improve the stress compensation capability of the radial yarn, effectively reduce stress concentration during stretching, and reduce tensile stress artifacts in the stress-strain curve. At the same time, the shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric under the reference parameter combination has excellent flexibility and mechanical stability, which can suppress the interference of tensile strain on the pressure sensing signal to the greatest extent. Test Example 4

[0037] The mechanical properties of shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabrics with different sewing structures (PCLS and SCST) prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. From Figure 4 It can be seen that during stretching, the PCLS vertical cross structure experiences rapid yarn center of gravity shift, leading to significant local stress concentration at the nodes. The deformation distance increases significantly with increasing strain, and the yarn spacing varies greatly under pressure, resulting in limited compressible space and severe stretch-induced signal interference. In contrast, the SCST serpentine cross structure possesses inherent spatial separation characteristics. During stretching, the sensing yarn spacing remains essentially constant, the deformation distance changes gradually and remains at a low level, and the compressible distance is greater, with higher spatial redundancy. This indicates that the SCST serpentine cross structure, with its stretch-insensitive electrode spacing and ample compressible space, significantly outperforms the PCLS vertical cross structure in resisting strain interference, effectively suppressing stretch-induced signal crosstalk, and exhibiting stronger sensing stability. Test Example 5

[0038] The electrical signal response of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric prepared in Example 2 under different strains and tensile directions during compression was tested. The fabric sample was fixed to the digital tensile stage of a flexible electronic testing platform, and uniaxial tensile strains of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were applied sequentially. After pre-stretching, the sample was transferred to the compression testing stage, and the conductive core-spun yarns at both ends of the fabric were stably connected to an LCR bridge to collect capacitance signals in real time. A constant compression pressure of 120 kPa was then applied to the fabric, and the relative change rate of capacitance (ΔC / C0) under different strain states during compression was recorded simultaneously. To further verify the anisotropic strain insensitivity, another SCST structure sample was taken, and under a 50% pre-stretch strain condition, three tensile directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) were set. The above compression test procedure was repeated, and capacitance response data under different tensile directions were collected to complete the strain-pressure coupling response comparison test. The results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. From Figure 5 It can be seen that when a constant 120 kPa pressure is applied within the tensile strain range of 0% to 50%, the relative rate of change of capacitance during the compression process of the SCST sewing structure shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric remains basically stable, without significant attenuation or drift. Furthermore, the capacitance response curves under different tensile directions highly overlap, demonstrating excellent electrical signal consistency. This indicates that the SCST sewing structure shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric possesses excellent strain-insensitive characteristics, with minimal interference from tensile strain and tensile direction on its pressure sensing electrical signal. It can achieve stable and accurate pressure sensing under complex deformation conditions involving tension and pressure coupling, effectively solving the technical pain point of strain-pressure signal crosstalk in traditional sensing fabrics. Test Example 6

[0039] The shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric sample prepared in Example 1 was subjected to a 50% pre-stretching treatment and then tightly adhered to the surface of a semi-circular curved substrate to construct a three-dimensional curved surface sensing test system. A flexible electronic testing platform was used to collect and monitor the dynamic changes in capacitance signals at various points on the curved surface in real time, verifying the fabric's adaptability to surface deformation and its ability to monitor stress across the entire surface. Based on this, a dynamic motion trajectory sensing test was conducted: the sensing fabric attached to the curved surface was fixed, and 22 sensing nodes on the fabric surface were selected as monitoring points. A standard "Z"-shaped tracing and pressing operation was performed above the fabric yarn nodes using a finger. An LCR bridge was used to simultaneously collect bidirectional real-time capacitance response signals along the X and Y axes, evaluating the fabric's dynamic trajectory recognition and pressure sensing stability under three-dimensional curved surface and 50% tensile strain conditions. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown. From Figure 6As can be seen, the sensing fabric, after pre-stretching, can closely conform to the semi-circular three-dimensional curved surface, accurately capturing stress differences at different positions on the surface and achieving stable monitoring of stress across the entire curved surface. During the dynamic "Z"-shaped finger tracing and pressing process, the corresponding electrode can quickly respond to pressure stimulation, and the bidirectional capacitance signals on the X and Y axes are stable and change regularly. The 22 sensing nodes have good response consistency and can completely reproduce the finger movement trajectory. The signal response is sensitive and the trajectory reproduction accuracy is high, which fully demonstrates that the shape-adaptive pressure sensing fabric of this invention has excellent three-dimensional curved surface adaptability, strain insensitivity characteristics, and dynamic trajectory perception capabilities, and can stably adapt to complex application scenarios such as three-dimensional curved surface monitoring and dynamic human-computer interaction.

[0040] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. High-elastic filaments are spirally wrapped around the surface of conductive filaments through a wrapping spinning process to obtain conductive core-spun yarn; S2. The two conductive core-spun yarns described in S1 are sewn into the knitted fabric through a sewing process to form a sewing topology structure, thereby obtaining the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric.

2. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the high-elastic filament is selected from one or more of polyester yarn, aramid yarn and viscose yarn; the fineness of the conductive filament is 28tex-32tex.

3. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the conductive filament is selected from one or more of conductive silver yarn, conductive carbon fiber and conductive polyester blended yarn; the fineness of the conductive filament is 18tex-22tex.

4. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the process parameters of the wrapping spinning process are as follows: the output linear speed of the pull nip is 10m / min-15m / min, the spindle speed is 500rpm-700rpm, and the bobbin speed is 800rpm-1200rpm.

5. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the diameter of the conductive core-spun yarn is 0.4mm-0.7mm.

6. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the density of the knitted fabric is 100 g / cm³. 2 -140g / cm 2 .

7. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the sewing topology includes a sewing pattern and a sewing structure; The sewing pattern is selected from one or more of the following: paper-cut triangle, serpentine triangle, paper-cut rectangle, and serpentine rectangle; The sewing structure is a serpentine cross structure.

8. The method for preparing the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the process parameters of the sewing process are as follows: the sewing arc angle is 120°-180°, and the stitch spacing is 1.4mm-2.2mm.

9. The shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of the shape-adaptive pressure-sensing fabric as described in claim 9 in smart wearables.

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