Open center chuck

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of coal mine drilling rigs and discloses an open-type chuck, including a housing, slips, a drive disc, a cylinder, a spring assembly, a connecting disc, an angle disc, a stop block, and a front end cover. The housing has a hollow structure with a through hole in the center for the drill rod to pass through. The side walls have V-shaped openings extending circumferentially to the central axis, allowing for radial loading and unloading of the drill rod. At least one slip is provided inside the housing. The slip has an arc-shaped surface with distributed force-enhancing teeth facing the drill rod, and a groove facing the drive disc to engage with a protrusion on the drive disc. The cylinder is embedded in the housing, forming an oil cavity with the drive disc. Hydraulic oil enters the oil cavity, pushing the drive disc to move the slip towards the center to clamp the drill rod. After the oil supply stops, the spring assembly pushes the slip back to its original position, releasing the drill rod. This invention achieves radial loading and unloading of the drill rod through the circumferential opening, compressing the axial operating space, shortening the auxiliary time for drill rod loading and unloading, and facilitating observation and slip replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine automated drilling rig technology and relates to an open-type chuck. Background Technology

[0002] The chuck is the core clamping component of the drilling rig's power head. Its basic function is to grip the drill rod through the frictional force generated by the radial clamping force, thereby achieving reliable transmission of rotational torque and axial feed / pull-out force. It also works with the power head to complete the automatic connection and disconnection of the drill rod. During the construction of automatic drilling rigs in coal mines, the performance of the chuck directly affects the efficiency and reliability of drilling operations, as well as the equipment's adaptability to working conditions.

[0003] Currently, there are two main types of chucks used with drilling rig power heads: piston chucks and rubber-sleeve chucks. Piston chucks use a hydraulic cylinder to drive a piston, which in turn moves the slips radially to clamp and release the drill rod. They feature high clamping force and a mature structure. Rubber-sleeve chucks, on the other hand, use a rubber sleeve that deforms radially under hydraulic pressure to grip the drill rod. While their structure is relatively simple, they have limitations in clamping force and service life. Although these two types of chucks differ in technical features and applicable scenarios, both employ a fully circumferentially enclosed structure. This means the chuck housing is completely closed in the circumferential direction, and the drill rod can only be inserted along the axial direction of the hollow spindle within the chuck. This fully circumferentially enclosed structure presents several technical challenges to the use of the chuck. Firstly, regarding axial installation and operating space, since the drill pipe must be inserted or withdrawn axially from the chuck, sufficient axial space must be reserved on both the front and rear sides of the chuck to complete the connection and disassembly of the drill pipe. Simultaneously, the matching power head structure also needs corresponding axial installation and movement space, directly leading to an increase in the overall axial dimension of the power head. In the underground coal mine construction environment, especially in low and narrow roadways, the available working space is extremely limited. The increased axial dimension of the power head severely restricts the layout and operation of the automatic drilling rig within confined spaces, weakening the equipment's adaptability to narrow working conditions.

[0004] Secondly, regarding drill pipe connection efficiency, when using a fully enclosed chuck for drill pipe connection, the joint of the drill pipe to be connected needs to be aligned axially with the end of the existing drill pipe, requiring an additional butt-jointing process to complete the connection. This process not only requires the design of a dedicated butt-jointing mechanism or joint assembly, but also consumes considerable auxiliary time each time a drill pipe is connected. In deep hole drilling or continuous construction operations that require frequent drill pipe connections, the cumulative effect of these auxiliary times is significant, severely restricting the improvement of overall drilling operation efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, the fully enclosed structure keeps critical wear components such as the slips inside the chuck in a closed and invisible state, preventing operators from visually observing the real-time wear of the slips. If excessive wear of the slips is not detected and replaced in time, it can lead to safety hazards such as insufficient clamping force, drill pipe slippage, or even detachment. Moreover, when it is necessary to replace worn slips or switch to slips with different inner diameters to accommodate drill pipes of different diameters, the enclosed structure requires extensive disassembly of the chuck, resulting in prolonged downtime for maintenance and impacting the drilling rig's continuous operation capability.

[0006] In summary, existing chuck technology with a fully circumferential closed structure suffers from problems such as large axial running space requirements, long auxiliary time for drill pipe connection and disconnection, inconvenient maintenance of internal vulnerable parts, and insufficient adaptability to confined working conditions. These issues fail to meet the core development needs of underground automatic drilling rigs in coal mines for efficient continuous construction, rapid operation and maintenance, and adaptability to confined spaces. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a novel chuck structure to fundamentally solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide an open-type chuck.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An open-type chuck includes a housing, which is a hollow structure with a through hole in its middle for a drill rod to pass through; the side wall of the housing has an opening extending through it in the circumferential direction for the drill rod to be inserted or removed radially; at least one slip is provided inside the housing, which moves relative to each other in the radial direction of the housing to clamp or release the drill rod located in the through hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening on the housing is a V-shaped opening, which extends from the outer wall of the housing inward to the central through hole.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a drive disc, which is connected to the slips in a transmission. Under the action of hydraulic driving force, the drive disc drives the slips to move radially toward the center of the through hole to clamp the drill rod.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a spring assembly disposed between the drive disc and the housing; when there is no hydraulic driving force, the spring assembly pushes the drive disc to move the slip radially away from the center of the through hole, so that the slip is in the normally open state.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a cylinder, which is a cylindrical structure, with one end of it having a flange fixed to the housing by screws; the cylinder is embedded in the housing, and the inner hole of the cylinder fits with the outer wall of the drive disc, providing guidance for the radial movement of the drive disc; hydraulic oil enters the oil cavity formed between the cylinder and the drive disc through the clamping oil passage on the housing, pushing the drive disc and the slips to move towards the center of the chuck.

[0013] Furthermore, the slip has an arc surface on the side facing the drill pipe that matches the outer diameter of the drill pipe, and several force-enhancing teeth on the arc surface to enhance the clamping friction; the slip has a groove on the side facing the drive disk that engages with a protrusion on the drive disk, and the drive disk drives the slip to move radially back and forth along the chuck.

[0014] Furthermore, the drive disc body is cylindrical, with a slot for the slip to pass through at the end facing the slip, and protrusions on both sides of the slot that cooperate with the slip groove to achieve the positioning of the slip along the radial direction of the chuck; a spring hole is provided on the end face of the drive disc facing the slip for installing a spring assembly; an oil chamber is provided on the end face of the drive disc facing the cylinder for storing pressurized oil entering from the clamping oil passage of the housing, thereby driving the slip to clamp the drill rod.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a front end cover, which is installed in the end cover mounting step hole of the housing by screws to axially position the slip.

[0016] Furthermore, the housing is divided into two symmetrical sides by the opening, which are provided with slip guide grooves and cylinder guide holes, respectively for the installation and movement guidance of the slips and cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, the shell is also provided with a slag discharge hole for discharging coal slag generated during drilling operations and preventing coal slag from accumulating in the chuck.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting plate, which has a through hole and is fixed to the housing by screws; the connecting plate has an internal thread for connecting with the external thread of the spindle, so that the chuck is fitted on the spindle and rotates with the spindle.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes an angle plate, which is an arc-shaped plate mounted on the housing and paired with a chuck positioning sensor fixed to the power head. When the chuck rotates, the angle plate rotates synchronously. When the angle plate passes the chuck positioning sensor, the sensor generates an opening position signal to control the chuck to stop rotating, so that the opening of the housing faces the direction of the robot arm.

[0020] Furthermore, the shell has stop mounting grooves on both sides of the opening, and a long strip of stop with a trapezoidal cross section is fixed in the stop mounting groove by screws to provide wear-resistant protection for the opening of the shell.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention adopts a circumferential opening structure, with openings penetrating the sidewalls of the housing along the circumferential direction. This allows drill rods to be directly loaded or removed from the chuck radially through these openings, fundamentally changing the traditional fully enclosed chuck method where drill rods can only be inserted axially. This structure effectively reduces the operating space required by the chuck when loading and unloading drill rods, eliminating the need for large axial spaces on both sides of the chuck for axial insertion and joint connection operations. This helps optimize the overall layout of the power head, achieving a compact design of the power head structure, significantly improving the applicability of automatic drilling rigs in confined spaces such as low-lying tunnels in coal mines, and meeting the spatial constraints of equipment layout and operation under narrow working conditions.

[0022] 2. The circumferential opening structure of this invention allows for direct radial assembly and disassembly of the drill pipe. Drill pipe insertion or removal is completed in one step from the opening direction, eliminating the redundant drill pipe joint connection process and associated connection mechanism design required in traditional fully enclosed chuck solutions. The drill pipe connection and disassembly operations are significantly simplified, and the non-drilling auxiliary time consumed during each connection and disassembly is significantly reduced. In deep-hole drilling or continuous construction operations requiring frequent drill pipe connections, the cumulative savings in auxiliary time are particularly significant, substantially improving the overall construction efficiency of the drilling operation and enhancing the continuous construction capability of the drilling rig.

[0023] 3. The circumferential opening structure of this invention creates an unobstructed open operating view and maintenance space on the side wall of the housing. Operators can directly observe the real-time wear status of vulnerable parts such as the chuck slips inside the chuck through the opening, facilitating timely assessment of the slips' condition and making replacement decisions. This avoids safety hazards such as insufficient clamping force or drill pipe slippage caused by excessive slip wear. When it is necessary to replace worn slips or switch to slips with different inner diameters to accommodate drill pipes of different diameters, the open structure provides a convenient operating channel, allowing for quick slip disassembly and installation, shortening equipment downtime for maintenance, and further improving the drilling rig's continuous operation capability and maintenance efficiency.

[0024] 4. The hydraulic counter-thrust clamping structure of the present invention, combined with the normally open spring design, ensures sufficient clamping force and reliability through hydraulic drive during clamping, and achieves rapid retraction of the slips by automatic spring reset during release. The structure is simple and reliable, and the clamping and releasing process is responsive, which helps to improve the automation level and operation rhythm of drill pipe connection and unloading.

[0025] 5. This invention achieves precise control of the chuck opening position through a signaling unit composed of an angle plate and a chuck positioning sensor, enabling the opening to be accurately aligned with the direction of the robot arm during the automatic drill rod loading and unloading process. This ensures the positioning accuracy and operational reliability of the radial loading and unloading of the drill rod, meeting the control requirements for unmanned continuous operation of automatic drilling rigs.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the open-type chuck in this invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Half-section view of the right end face.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Left end view.

[0030] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of the housing in this invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is an isometric view of the cylinder in this invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is an isometric view of the right side of the drive disk in this invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is an isometric view of the left side of the drive disk in this invention.

[0034] Reference numerals: 50101-House; 50102-Connecting disc; 50103-Angle disc; 50104-Stop; 50105-Front end cover; 50106-Clamping slip; 50107-Cylinder; 50108-Spring assembly; 50109-Drive disc; 50101a-Sink; 50101b-Stop mounting slot; 50101c-End cover mounting stepped hole; 50101d-Clamping slip guide groove; 50101e-Cylinder guide hole; 50204c-Spindle external thread; 505-Water guide; 506-Clamping position sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0036] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0037] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Example 1 like Figures 1-7 As shown, an open-type chuck is provided, employing a hydraulic counter-thrust structure. It mainly consists of a housing 50101, a connecting plate 50102, an angle plate 50103, a stop block 50104, a front cover 50105, a slip 50106, a cylinder 50107, a spring assembly 50108, and a drive plate 50109. This chuck, as the core clamping component of the drilling rig's power head, is mounted on the power head spindle. It grips the drill rod through the frictional force generated by the radial clamping force, realizing the transmission of rotational torque and axial feed / pull-out force. Simultaneously, it works with the power head to complete the automatic connection and disconnection of the drill rod.

[0039] The housing 50101 serves as the main support for mounting the various components of the chuck, and it adopts a hollow, irregularly shaped housing structure. A through-hole for the drill rod to pass through is located in the center of the housing 50101; this through-hole also allows the passage of the water guide 505. The sidewalls of the housing 50101 have circumferential openings penetrating its walls. In this embodiment, these openings are V-shaped, extending inward from the outer wall of the housing 50101 to the central through-hole, creating a circumferentially open structure at the openings, allowing the drill rod to be radially inserted or removed. The outer width of the V-shaped opening is greater than the width at the junction of the inner side and the through-hole. The wider outer opening provides ample guiding space for the radial insertion of the drill rod, facilitating accurate insertion of the drill rod into the chuck through-hole by a robotic arm or other rod-feeding mechanism. The narrower transition section on the inner side ensures that the housing 50101 maintains sufficient structural strength and rigidity in the opening area.

[0040] Symmetrical stop mounting grooves 50101b are provided on both sides of the opening on the housing 50101. The stop 50104 is a long strip with a trapezoidal cross-section, which is fixed in the stop mounting groove 50101b by screws. The trapezoidal cross-section of the stop 50104 helps guide the drill pipe to smoothly enter the opening radially. The stop mounting groove 50101b provides a precise installation position and axial limiting reference for the stop 50104, and the stop 50104 provides wear-resistant protection for the opening of the housing 50101.

[0041] The housing 50101 has a recess 50101a for connecting to the main shaft. The bottom surface of the recess has a pin hole for connecting to the main shaft and a clamping oil passage. The housing 50101 has an end cover mounting stepped hole 50101c. The front end cover 50105 is installed in this stepped hole by screws to axially position the slip 50106. The housing 50101 is divided into two sides by a V-shaped opening, with symmetrical slip guide grooves 50101d and cylinder guide holes 50101e. The slip guide groove 50101d is located within the wall of the housing 50101, extending radially along the chuck. The slip 50106 is installed in the slip guide groove 50101d and reciprocates radially along the groove. The groove wall of the slip guide groove 50101d and the mating surface of the slip 50106 have a precise dimensional fit, providing reliable radial movement guidance for the slip 50106 and preventing it from skewing or shaking during movement. Similarly, the cylinder guide hole 50101e is located within the wall of the housing 50101, also extending radially along the chuck. The cylinder 50107 is embedded in the cylinder guide hole 50101e. The hole wall of the cylinder guide hole 50101e and the outer wall of the cylinder 50107 have a precise fit, providing installation positioning for the cylinder 50107 and, together with the inner hole of the cylinder 50107, forming a dual guiding system for the drive disc 50109. The bottom surface of the cylinder guide hole 50101e also mates with the exposed end face of the spring assembly 50108, providing a reverse support surface for the spring assembly 50108. The housing 50101 is also equipped with a slag leakage hole. During drilling operations, slag, rock cuttings, and other debris generated during drilling may enter the chuck through the gap between the through hole in the middle of the housing 50101 and the drill rod. The slag leakage hole utilizes gravity to allow the slag entering the chuck to be naturally discharged, preventing the slag from accumulating inside the chuck and causing obstruction of the radial movement of the slips 50106, jamming of the drive disc 50109, or accelerated wear of the seals.

[0042] The housing 50101 contains at least one slip 50106. In this embodiment, two slips 50106 are symmetrically distributed, located on opposite sides of the housing 50101 divided by a V-shaped opening. Each slip 50106 moves relative to the other along the radial direction of the housing 50101 to clamp or release the drill rod located in the through hole. When both slips 50106 move simultaneously toward the center of the through hole, the arc surface on the slips 50106 presses against the outer wall of the drill rod, generating a symmetrical radial clamping force. When both slips 50106 move simultaneously away from the center of the through hole, the drill rod is released and can be removed radially through the opening.

[0043] The slip 50106 has an arc-shaped surface on the side facing the drill pipe that matches the outer diameter of the drill pipe. The radius of curvature of this arc surface matches the outer diameter of the drill pipe being clamped, ensuring good surface contact between the slip 50106 and the outer wall of the drill pipe, thereby generating a uniformly distributed radial clamping force during clamping. Several force-enhancing teeth are provided on the arc surface. These teeth embed into the drill pipe surface when the slip 50106 clamps the drill pipe, significantly enhancing the clamping friction through mechanical meshing between the teeth and the drill pipe surface. This effectively prevents the drill pipe from slipping or rotating relative to each other when subjected to high torque rotational forces and axial feed / pull-out forces.

[0044] The slip 50106 has a slot on its side facing the drive disk 50109, which engages with a protrusion on the drive disk 50109. The protrusion, when embedded in the slot, forms a reliable transmission connection. The movement of the drive disk 50109 is converted into the reciprocating movement of the slip 50106 along the radial direction of the chuck through the protrusion-slot engagement. The slip 50106 is installed in the slip guide groove 50101d of the housing 50101. The slip guide groove 50101d provides precise guidance for the radial reciprocating movement of the slip 50106, ensuring that the slip 50106 always moves linearly along the radial direction of the chuck during clamping and releasing.

[0045] Because the housing 50101 adopts a circumferential opening structure, operators can directly observe the real-time wear status of the slips 50106 through the opening. When it is necessary to replace worn slips 50106 or switch slips of different inner diameter specifications to adapt to drill pipes of different diameters, the disassembly and installation of slips 50106 can be quickly completed through the opening without extensive disassembly of the chuck, significantly reducing downtime for maintenance.

[0046] The cylinder 50107 is a cylindrical structure, with one end having a flange fixed to the housing 50101 by screws. The cylinder 50107 is embedded in the cylinder guide hole 50101e of the housing 50101. The inner hole of the cylinder 50107 mates with the outer wall of the drive disc 50109, providing precise guidance and ensuring that the drive disc 50109 maintains good linearity and coaxiality during reciprocating movement, preventing uneven clamping force or movement jamming of the slips 50106 due to skewness. The cylinder 50107 has notches on both sides of its wall for the slips 50106 to pass through. During radial movement, the slips 50106 pass through these notches to contact or disengage from the drill pipe. A closed oil chamber is formed between the cylinder 50107 and the drive disc 50109. Hydraulic oil enters the oil chamber through the clamping oil passage on the housing 50101. The hydraulic pressure in the oil chamber acts on the end face of the drive disc 50109 facing the cylinder 50107, generating a thrust to push the drive disc 50109 and the slip 50106 to move towards the center of the chuck.

[0047] The drive disc 50109 is cylindrical and is connected to the slip 50106 for transmission. The end of the drive disc 50109 facing the slip 50106 has a slot for the slip 50106 to pass through. The width and depth of the slot match the external dimensions of the slip 50106, allowing it to smoothly pass through and contact the drill pipe. Protrusions are located on both sides of the slot, engaging with grooves on the sides of the slip 50106 to achieve radial positioning of the slip 50106 along the chuck. This engagement of the protrusions and grooves not only transmits driving force but also restricts the slip 50106's freedom of movement in non-radial directions, ensuring that the slip 50106 moves only in the radial direction.

[0048] The drive disc 50109 has a spring hole on one end face facing the slip 50106. A spring assembly 50108 is installed in this spring hole. The depth and diameter of the spring hole match the dimensions of the spring assembly 50108, ensuring its stable position after installation and preventing displacement or tilting. The bottom face of the spring hole provides a reliable support surface for the spring assembly 50108, ensuring the spring force is evenly transmitted to the drive disc 50109. The exposed end face of the spring assembly 50108 mates with the bottom surface of the cylinder guide hole 50101e in the housing 50101. The spring assembly 50108 maintains a constant preload between the drive disc 50109 and the housing 50101. This preload is directed to push the drive disc 50109 away from the center of the through hole. When no hydraulic driving force is applied, the elastic force of the spring assembly 50108 pushes the drive disc 50109 to move radially away from the center of the through hole. The drive disc 50109 drives the slip 50106 to move outward synchronously through the protrusion, so that the slip 50106 is in the normally open state. Sufficient clearance is maintained between the arc surface of the slip 50106 and the outer wall of the drill rod in the through hole, allowing the drill rod to pass freely or be inserted and removed radially. This normally open design ensures that the chuck is always in the loose position when not in operation, and hydraulic oil is only supplied to drive the slip 50106 to clamp when clamping is required, reducing the pressure holding requirements of the hydraulic system and simplifying hydraulic control.

[0049] The drive disc 50109 has an oil chamber at one end facing the cylinder 50107. The oil chamber is formed by the end face of the drive disc 50109 and the inner bottom surface of the cylinder 50107, constituting a sealed hydraulic working chamber. Hydraulic oil enters the oil chamber through the clamping oil passage of the housing 50101. The hydraulic pressure in the oil chamber acts evenly on the end face of the drive disc 50109 facing the cylinder 50107, generating a thrust that pushes the drive disc 50109 towards the center of the chuck, thereby driving the slip 50106 to clamp the drill rod.

[0050] The front cover 50105 is installed in the end cover mounting stepped hole 50101c of the housing 50101 with screws to axially position the slip 50106. The end cover mounting stepped hole 50101c is located on the corresponding end face of the housing 50101, and the stepped surface of the hole provides a precise axial positioning reference for the front cover 50105. After the front cover 50105 is installed in place, its inner surface forms a limiting fit with the corresponding end face of the slip 50106, restricting the axial displacement of the slip 50106. The front cover 50105 adopts a detachable screw connection method. When it is necessary to inspect or replace the slip 50106, the front cover 50105 can be removed to release the axial limitation of the slip 50106, making it easy to remove the slip 50106 from the housing 50101.

[0051] The connecting plate 50102 has a through hole and is fixed to the housing 50101 by screws, forming a rigid connection between the connecting plate 50102 and the housing 50101. The connecting plate 50102 has an internal thread that connects to the external thread 50204c of the spindle. The threaded engagement secures the connecting plate 50102 and the chuck onto the spindle. When the power head drives the spindle to rotate, the spindle, through the engagement between the external thread 50204c and the internal thread of the connecting plate 50102, drives the connecting plate 50102 to rotate synchronously. The connecting plate 50102, in turn, is connected by screws, causing the housing 50101 and all parts of the chuck to rotate together with the spindle, thus realizing the function of the chuck driving the drill rod to rotate.

[0052] Angle plate 50103 is an arc-shaped plate mounted on housing 50101 and paired with chuck positioning sensor 506 fixed to the power head. Angle plate 50103 is arranged at a certain angle to the V-shaped opening on housing 50101; that is, the starting position of the arc surface of angle plate 50103 is offset by a preset angle relative to the center line of the V-shaped opening. This offset angle is precisely calculated and calibrated so that when the arc surface of angle plate 50103 passes precisely through the sensing area of ​​chuck positioning sensor 506, the V-shaped opening on housing 50101 is exactly facing the direction of the robot arm. When the chuck rotates, connecting plate 50102 drives housing 50101 to rotate synchronously, and angle plate 50103 mounted on housing 50101 rotates synchronously as well. When the arc surface of angle plate 50103 passes the chuck positioning sensor 506 fixed to the power head, sensor 506 senses the presence of angle plate 50103 and generates an opening position signal. The signal is transmitted to the drilling rig control system via the communication system. Based on this, the control system determines that the V-shaped opening has reached the precise position facing the robot arm, and then controls the chuck to stop rotating. When entering the automatic drill pipe loading and unloading operation process, the communication system controls the chuck to stop rotating every time it receives this signal, so that the V-shaped opening of the housing 50101 is precisely facing the robot arm. Then, the robot arm loads or removes the drill pipe into or out of the chuck in the radial direction through the V-shaped opening.

[0053] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: When clamping the drill pipe, hydraulic oil enters the oil chamber between the cylinder 50107 and the drive disc 50109 through the clamping oil passage on the housing 50101. Under hydraulic pressure, the drive disc 50109 moves radially towards the center of the chuck. The drive disc 50109, through the cooperation of the protrusion and the slip groove, drives the slip 50106 to move radially inward synchronously. The arc surface and force-enhancing teeth of the slip 50106 press against the outer wall of the drill pipe, generating sufficient frictional clamping force to clamp the drill pipe. The two symmetrically arranged drive discs 50109 simultaneously push their respective slips 50106 towards the center under hydraulic action, forming opposing thrust clamping, and the clamping force is evenly distributed on both sides of the drill pipe circumference.

[0054] When the drill pipe is released, the supply of pressurized oil to the oil chamber stops. Under the elastic force of the spring assembly 50108, the drive disc 50109 moves radially away from the chuck center, causing the slips 50106 to move outward synchronously. The slips 50106 disengage from the outer wall of the drill pipe, and the drill pipe is released. The reset action of the spring assembly 50108 is quick and reliable, eliminating the need for an additional hydraulic circuit to control the release process, thus simplifying the hydraulic system design.

[0055] The precise positioning of the chuck's V-shaped opening is achieved by a signaling unit consisting of the chuck positioning sensor 506 and the angle disk 50103. During the automatic drill pipe loading and unloading process, the chuck rotates, causing the angle disk 50103 to rotate synchronously. When the angle disk 50103 passes the chuck positioning sensor 506, the sensor generates an opening position signal. Upon receiving this signal, the communication system controls the chuck to stop rotating, ensuring that the V-shaped opening of the housing 50101 precisely faces the direction of the robotic arm. Subsequently, the robotic arm radially loads or removes the drill pipe from the chuck through the V-shaped opening.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open-type chuck, comprising a housing (50101), characterized in that: The housing (50101) is a hollow structure with a through hole in its middle for the drill rod to pass through; the side wall of the housing (50101) has an opening that penetrates the wall in the circumferential direction for the drill rod to be inserted or removed radially; the housing (50101) is provided with at least one slip (50106), which can move radially along the housing (50101) to clamp or release the drill rod located in the through hole.

2. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening on the housing (50101) is a V-shaped opening, which extends from the outer wall of the housing (50101) inward to the central through hole.

3. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a drive disc (50109), which is connected to the slip (50106) in a transmission manner. Under the action of hydraulic driving force, the drive disc (50109) drives the slip (50106) to move radially toward the center of the through hole to clamp the drill rod.

4. The open-type chuck according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a spring assembly (50108), which is disposed between the drive disc (50109) and the housing (50101); when there is no hydraulic driving force, the spring assembly (50108) pushes the drive disc (50109) to drive the slip (50106) to move radially away from the center of the through hole, so that the slip (50106) is in the normally open state.

5. The open-type chuck according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a cylinder (50107), which is a cylindrical structure. One end of the cylinder (50107) with a flange is fixed to the housing (50101) by screws. The cylinder (50107) is embedded in the housing (50101), and the inner hole of the cylinder is engaged with the outer wall of the drive disc (50109) to provide guidance for the radial movement of the drive disc (50109). Hydraulic oil enters the oil cavity formed between the cylinder (50107) and the drive disc (50109) through the clamping oil passage on the housing (50101), pushing the drive disc (50109) and the slip (50106) to move towards the center of the chuck.

6. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip (50106) has an arc surface on the side facing the drill pipe that matches the outer diameter of the drill pipe. The arc surface has several force-enhancing teeth to increase the clamping friction. The slip (50106) has a groove on the side facing the drive disk (50109) that engages with the protrusion on the drive disk (50109). The drive disk (50109) drives the slip (50106) to reciprocate radially along the chuck.

7. The open-type chuck according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive disc (50109) is cylindrical in shape. One end of the drive disc (50106) facing the slip (50106) has a slot for the slip (50106) to pass through. The slot has protrusions on both sides that cooperate with the slot of the slip (50106) to achieve the positioning of the slip (50106) along the radial direction of the chuck. The end face of the drive disc (50109) facing the slip (50106) has a spring hole for installing a spring assembly (50108). The end of the drive disc (50109) facing the cylinder (50107) has an oil chamber for receiving pressurized oil entering from the clamping oil passage of the housing (50101) to drive the slip (50106) to clamp the drill rod.

8. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a front cover (50105), which is installed in the end cover mounting stepped hole (50101c) of the housing (50101) by screws to axially position the slip (50106).

9. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (50101) is divided into two symmetrical sides by the opening, which are provided with slip guide grooves (50101d) and cylinder guide holes (50101e), respectively for the installation and movement guidance of slips (50106) and cylinder (50107).

10. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (50101) is also provided with a slag discharge hole for discharging coal slag generated during drilling operations and preventing coal slag from accumulating in the chuck.

11. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a connecting plate (50102), which has a through hole and is fixed to the housing (50101) by screws; the connecting plate (50102) has an internal thread for connecting with the external thread (50204c) of the spindle, so that the chuck is mounted on the spindle and rotates with the spindle.

12. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an angle plate (50103), which is an arc-shaped plate mounted on the housing and paired with a chuck positioning sensor (506) fixed on the power head. When the chuck rotates, the angle plate (50103) rotates synchronously. When the angle plate (50103) passes the chuck positioning sensor (506), the sensor generates an opening position signal to control the chuck to stop rotating, so that the opening of the housing (50101) faces the direction of the robot arm. This signal is used to cooperate with the chuck positioning sensor to output the opening position signal and achieve precise positioning control of the chuck opening.

13. The open-type chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (50101) has a stop block mounting groove (50101b) on both sides of the opening. A long strip-shaped stop block (50104) with a trapezoidal cross section is fixed in the stop block mounting groove (50101b) by screws to provide wear-resistant protection for the opening of the housing (50101).

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