A fully automatic plastic-sealed perforating device and a method for using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of full-automatic plastic envelope perforating equipment and its using method, it is related to oil well perforating technical field, a kind of full-automatic plastic envelope perforating equipment including perforating unit, the perforating unit outer wall is equipped with through-hole, nozzle is loaded in through-hole, passageway is equipped in the perforating unit, the perforating unit is movably connected with sliding sleeve, the perforating unit outer side is fixedly installed with circle center positioning assembly, the perforating unit both ends are provided with internal thread, the perforating unit is connected with perforating pipeline by internal thread, adjacent perforating unit is sealedly connected by perforating pipeline, the bottommost perforating pipeline is sealedly connected with radial adjusting piece, radial adjusting piece bottom is fixedly installed with dredging assembly, steel ball is arranged in the perforating unit, steel ball diameter is less than passageway diameter, multiple perforating units can be quickly connected by perforating pipeline, and the sealed connection of both can prevent well fluid from infiltrating into perforating unit, the sliding sleeve arranged in the perforating unit can control the sectional perforating of perforating unit, improve the accuracy of perforating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil well perforation technology, specifically a fully automatic plastic-sealed perforation device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas field development, perforation is a key step in well completion, establishing a flow path for oil and gas from the reservoir to the wellbore. Currently, commonly used perforation equipment is the gun-type perforator, which lowers the perforating gun to the predetermined formation via cable or tubing, and detonates the perforating charge at the surface to complete the perforation.

[0003] However, these traditional perforation devices have some drawbacks in practical applications. First, well fluid seepage can cause perforation projectiles to malfunction or detonate unreliably. Once the projectiles become damp or contaminated with liquid, their shaped charge effect is significantly weakened. Second, the centering accuracy of the perforation device in the wellbore is insufficient. Traditional perforation guns typically rely on their own weight and a centralizer for approximate centering, but the force distribution of the centralizer is often uneven, and the bottom of the wellbore often accumulates rock cuttings, sand, or fracturing residue. Traditional perforation guns lack an active obstacle-clearing structure at the bottom, making them prone to obstruction during lowering.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new type of fully automated perforation equipment that can achieve stable detonation, precise perforation, and smooth lowering of the perforation unit, thereby comprehensively improving the success rate, safety, and construction efficiency of perforation operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device and its usage method to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The fully automatic sealing perforation equipment includes a perforation unit, the outer wall of which has a through hole, a nozzle is installed in the through hole, a channel is provided inside the perforation unit, a sliding sleeve is movably connected inside the perforation unit, a center positioning component is fixedly installed on the outer side of the perforation unit, internal threads are provided at both ends of the perforation unit, the perforation unit is connected to the perforation pipe through the internal threads, adjacent perforation units are sealed together through the perforation pipe, the bottom perforation pipe is sealed together with a radial adjustment component, a dredging component is fixedly installed at the bottom of the radial adjustment component, and a steel ball is provided inside the perforation unit, the diameter of the steel ball being smaller than the diameter of the channel.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, a wire embedding groove is provided in the channel, and a sealing groove is provided at one end of the channel, with a first sealing ring embedded in the sealing groove.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the nozzle includes a pressure cap, a perforating bullet is fixedly installed inside the pressure cap, and a metal propellant liner is provided inside the perforating bullet.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the outer diameter of the sliding sleeve is the same as the inner diameter of the channel. A ball seat is provided at one end of the sliding sleeve, and the inner wall of the ball seat is provided with an arc surface. A sealing part is provided on the other side of the sliding sleeve, and a second sealing ring is provided in the sealing part. A spring groove is provided on the sealing part, and a retaining spring is provided in the spring groove.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, both ends of the outer wall of the perforation pipe are provided with external threads, and a limit groove is formed on the inner wall of one end of the perforation pipe.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the center positioning component includes a positioning platform, on which slots are evenly arranged in a ring, an adjusting spring is provided in the slot, a positioning plate is inserted into the slot, and an extension plate is provided at the bottom of the positioning plate.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the radial adjustment component includes an outer cover, one end of which is provided with a sealing cap. A sealing sleeve is provided on the outer cover near the outer side of the sealing cap, and the sealing sleeve is threaded into the outer cover. A fixing rod is provided inside the outer cover, and the fixing rod is fixed by the sealing cap. A front fixing plate and a rear fixing plate are sleeved on the fixing rod. Connecting rods are evenly arranged on the outer side of the rear fixing plate, and rollers are provided at the ends of the connecting rods. A support rod is provided between the rear fixing plate and the sealing cap, and a push spring is sleeved on the support rod. A movable plate is movably connected to the support rod, and a connecting rod is provided on the outer side of the movable plate. The connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod. The front fixing plate and the rear fixing plate have the same structure, and the connecting rods on the front fixing plate and the rear fixing plate are connected by a synchronization rod.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the unblocking component includes a motor, which is fixed inside the outer cover. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the rotating base. The bottom of the rotating base is also uniformly provided with main fan blades, and the sidewalls of the rotating base are uniformly provided with lateral fan blades.

[0014] The method of using a fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device provided in this application includes the following steps: S1: Multiple adjacent perforation units are connected in series with the perforation pipe. Radial adjustment components and unblocking components are installed on the bottom perforation pipe to form a complete perforation device. S2: Place the installed perforating equipment into the oil well, and activate the dredging component to remove mud and sand from the oil well as the perforating equipment descends. S3: The center positioning component installed on the perforation unit can position the perforation unit to ensure that the perforation unit is always located in the center of the oil well. S4: After reaching the designated position downhole, the detonating cord in the perforation unit ignites the nozzle, and a jet is formed inside the nozzle to penetrate the well wall and formation, opening up an oil and gas passage.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Multiple perforation units can be quickly connected through perforation pipes and sealed with threads and sealing parts to prevent well fluid from seeping into the perforation unit and affecting the detonation of the perforation projectile. The sliding sleeve set in the perforation unit can control the segmented perforation of the perforation unit and improve the accuracy of perforation. 2. Each perforation unit is equipped with a center positioning component on its outer wall. By adjusting the springs, all positioning plates can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the oil well, and each adjusting spring is subjected to the same force. This ensures that the perforation unit remains in the center of the oil well during the descent process, preventing the perforation equipment from shifting during perforation operations. 3. During the descent of the perforating equipment, the dredging component can remove the mud and sand impurities accumulated at the bottom of the perforating equipment, ensuring that the perforating equipment can descend smoothly. The radial adjustment component can limit and support the bottom of the perforating equipment, and also provide power for descent. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the perforation unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sliding sleeve of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the center positioning component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the radial adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the radial adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the diagram; Figure 8 yes Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the diagram.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Perforation unit; 2. Nozzle; 3. Sliding sleeve; 4. Center positioning assembly; 5. Perforation pipe; 6. Radial adjustment component; 7. Unblocking assembly; 8. Steel ball; 11. Through hole; 12. Channel; 13. Internal thread; 21. Pressure cap; 22. Perforation spring; 31. Ball seat; 32. Sealing part; 33. Spring groove; 41. Positioning platform; 42. Slot; 43. Positioning plate; 51. External thread; 52. Limiting groove; 61. Outer cover; 62. Sealing cover; 63. Front fixing plate; 64. Rear fixing plate; 65. Support rod; 66. Moving plate; 67. Synchronizing rod; 71. Motor; 72. Rotating seat; 1201, Embedded wire groove; 1202, Sealing groove; 1203, First sealing ring; 2201, Metal shroud; 3101, Arc surface; 3201, Second sealing ring; 3301, Snap ring; 4201, Adjusting spring; 4301, Extension plate; 6101, Sealing sleeve; 6102, Fixing rod; 6401, Connecting rod; 6402, Roller; 6501, Push spring; 6601, Connecting rod; 7201, Main fan blade; 7202, Side fan blade. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example: Figures 1-8As shown, this invention provides a fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device, including a perforation unit 1. The outer wall of the perforation unit 1 has a through hole 11, into which a nozzle 2 is installed. A channel 12 is provided inside the perforation unit 1. A sliding sleeve 3 is movably connected inside the perforation unit 1. A center positioning component 4 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the perforation unit 1. Internal threads 13 are provided at both ends of the perforation unit 1, connecting it to a perforation pipe 5 via the internal threads 13. Adjacent perforation units 1 are sealed together via the perforation pipe 5. The bottommost perforation pipe 5 is sealed to a radial adjustment component 6. A clearing component 7 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the radial adjustment component 6. A steel ball 8 is installed inside the perforation unit 1, with a diameter smaller than that of the channel 12. The perforation unit 1, as the main carrier of the perforation device, primarily functions to seal and bear pressure, protecting the nozzles 2 installed on the side wall. A perforation cartridge 22 is installed inside each nozzle 2, controlled by a detonation wire. It can be ejected into the sidewall of the oil well, passing through the bottom layer to open an oil and gas channel into the wellbore. The sliding sleeve 3 serves as a secondary sealing component within the perforation unit 1 and can also control the perforation unit 1 to achieve segmented perforation. The center positioning component 4 can not only adapt to the size of the wellbore but also position the perforation unit 1 to ensure that the perforation unit is always in the center of the oil well. The perforation pipe 5 cooperates with the perforation unit 1 to seal and connect multiple sets of perforation units 1. The radial adjustment component 6 can not only provide power for the downward movement of the perforation equipment but also position the perforation equipment to prevent position deviation during the downward movement. The dredging component 7 can remove residual mud and sand impurities in the wellbore to ensure that the perforation unit 1 can move down smoothly. The steel ball 8 is placed inside the perforation unit 1. Through the cooperation of the steel ball 8 and the sliding sleeve 3, the channel 12 inside the perforation unit 1 can be blocked, thereby realizing segmented perforation of the perforation unit 1.

[0020] Multiple perforation units 1 can be quickly connected through perforation pipes 5 and sealed by threads and sealing parts 32 to prevent well fluid from seeping into the perforation unit 1 and affecting the detonation of the perforation projectile 22. The segmented perforation of the perforation unit can be controlled by the sliding sleeve 3 set in the perforation unit 1, thereby improving the accuracy of perforation.

[0021] Each perforation unit 1 is equipped with a center positioning component 4 on its outer wall. By adjusting the spring 4201, all positioning plates 43 can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the oil well, and each adjusting spring 4201 is subjected to the same force, so that the perforation unit 1 can always be in the center position of the oil well during the descent, which can prevent the position of the perforation equipment from shifting during the perforation operation.

[0022] During the descent of the perforating equipment, the dredging component 7 can clear the mud and sand impurities accumulated at the bottom of the perforating equipment, ensuring that the perforating equipment can descend smoothly. The radial adjustment component 6 can limit and support the bottom of the perforating equipment, and also provide power for descent.

[0023] A wire-embedded groove 1201 is provided in the channel 12, and a sealing groove 1202 is provided at one end of the channel 12. A first sealing ring 1203 is embedded in the sealing groove 1202. The nozzle 2 includes a pressure cap 21, and a perforating bullet 22 is fixedly installed in the pressure cap 21. A metal explosive liner 2201 is provided in the perforating bullet 22. A detonating cord is placed in the wire-embedded groove 1201 and is connected to the nozzle 2 for igniting the metal explosive liner 2201 in the nozzle 2. The first sealing ring 1203 can seal the part between the sliding sleeve 3 and the channel 12 to prevent the pressure from being insufficient.

[0024] The outer diameter of the sliding sleeve 3 is the same as the inner diameter of the channel 12. A ball seat 31 is provided at one end of the sliding sleeve 3. The inner wall of the ball seat 31 is provided with an arc surface 3101. A sealing part 32 is provided on the other side of the sliding sleeve 3. A second sealing ring 3201 is provided in the sealing part 32. A spring groove 33 is provided on the sealing part 32. A snap ring 3301 is provided in the spring groove 33. The curvature of the arc surface 3101 is consistent with the curvature of the surface of the steel ball 8. When the steel ball 8 falls into the ball seat 31, the sliding sleeve 3 can be blocked by the weight of the steel ball 8 and the hydraulic pressure, preventing the pressure from being transmitted to the next perforation unit 1, thus realizing the segmented control of the perforation operation.

[0025] Both ends of the outer wall of the perforation pipe 5 are provided with external threads 51. A limit groove 52 is opened on the inner wall of one end of the perforation pipe 5. The external threads 51 are engaged with the internal threads 13 at both ends of the perforation unit 1 to achieve a sealed connection.

[0026] The circular positioning component 4 includes a positioning platform 41, on which slots 42 are evenly arranged in a ring. An adjusting spring 4201 is installed in each slot 42, and a positioning plate 43 is inserted into each slot 42. An extension plate 4301 is installed at the bottom of the positioning plate 43. The adjusting spring 4201 can automatically adjust according to the diameter of the well. The ring-shaped positioning plate 43 is in close contact with the well wall under the action of the adjusting spring 4201. The adjusting spring 4201 in each slot 42 has the same performance. Therefore, the adjusting spring 4201 arranged in a ring around the well has the same force and the same length. Since the distance from the perforation unit 1 to all parts of the well wall is the same, the circular positioning component 4 can ensure that the perforation equipment is always in the center position.

[0027] The radial adjustment component 6 includes an outer cover 61, with a sealing cap 62 at one end. A sealing sleeve 6101 is provided on the outer side of the outer cover 61 near the sealing cap 62, and the sealing sleeve 6101 mates with an external thread 51. A fixing rod 6102 is provided inside the outer cover 61 and is fixed by the sealing cap 62. A front fixing plate 63 and a rear fixing plate 64 are fitted on the fixing rod 6102. Connecting rods 6401 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the rear fixing plate 64, and rollers 6402 are provided at the ends of the connecting rods 6401. A support rod 65 is provided between the rear fixing plate 64 and the sealing cap 62. A push spring 6501 is fitted on the support rod 65, and a movable plate 66 is movably connected to the support rod 65. A roller 6402 is provided on the outer side of the movable plate 66. Connecting rod 6601 is connected to connecting rod 6401. Front fixing plate 63 and rear fixing plate 64 have the same structure. Connecting rod 6401 on front fixing plate 63 and rear fixing plate 64 is connected by synchronous rod 67. When the diameter inside the oil well decreases, roller 6402 on rear fixing plate 64 is squeezed, which drives connecting rod 6401 to rotate. Then, the rotation of connecting rod 6401 drives connecting rod 6601 to rotate, which in turn drives moving plate 66 and eye support rod 65 to move in the direction and compress push spring 6501. While connecting rod 6401 rotates, it can drive front fixing plate 63 to move synchronously through synchronous rod 64, thereby adapting to the change in diameter inside the oil well. The same principle applies when the diameter inside the oil well increases.

[0028] The unblocking component 7 includes a motor 71, which is fixed inside the outer casing 61. The output end of the motor 71 is fixedly connected to the rotating seat 72. The bottom of the rotating seat 72 is also uniformly provided with main fan blades 7201, and the side walls of the rotating seat 72 are uniformly provided with lateral fan blades 7202. After the perforating equipment is placed into the oil well, the motor 71 is started, which drives the rotating seat 72 to rotate. When the perforating equipment moves down, the main fan blades 7201 at the bottom of the rotating seat 72 can remove larger mud and sand in the well barrel, and the lateral fan blades 7202 can scrape off the mud and sand attached to the well wall, avoiding obstruction by mud and sand and other impurities, and ensuring that the perforating equipment moves down smoothly.

[0029] The method of using a fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device provided in this application includes the following steps: S1: Multiple adjacent perforation units are connected in series with the perforation pipe. Radial adjustment components and unblocking components are installed on the bottom perforation pipe to form a complete perforation device. S2: Place the installed perforating equipment into the oil well, and activate the dredging component to remove mud and sand from the oil well as the perforating equipment descends. S3: The center positioning component installed on the perforation unit can position the perforation unit to ensure that the perforation unit is always located in the center of the oil well. S4: After reaching the designated position downhole, the detonating cord in the perforation unit ignites the nozzle, and a jet is formed inside the nozzle to penetrate the well wall and formation, opening up an oil and gas passage.

[0030] Working principle of the invention: First, nozzle 2 is installed in through hole 11. A sealing gasket is provided at the connection between through hole 11 and nozzle 2 to seal the nozzle and prevent well fluid from seeping into perforation unit 1. Then, sliding sleeve 3 is inserted into channel 12 of perforation unit 1. Next, both ends of perforation unit 1 are connected to perforation pipe 5. The sealing part 32 on sliding sleeve 3 is tightly attached to the inner wall of perforation pipe 5, and the outer side of snap ring 3301 is embedded in limiting groove 52 to limit sliding sleeve 3. A radial adjustment component 6 and a clearing component 7 are threaded onto the bottom perforation pipe 5, thus completing the perforation equipment. After assembly, the entire perforating equipment is lifted and placed into the oil well. During the descent, the circumferential positioning plate 43 is pressed tightly against the well wall by the adjusting spring 4201, ensuring that the perforating equipment is always in the center position. At the same time, the cooperation between the front fixing plate 63 and the rear fixing plate 64 can also center the bottom of the perforating equipment, preventing the impact force generated during the perforation operation from causing the perforating equipment to tilt, thereby affecting the perforation channel. In addition to positioning, the radial adjusting component 6 can also assist the perforating equipment in descent through the roller 6402, thereby improving the perforation efficiency.

[0031] When the perforating equipment is lowered to the designated position, the hydraulic pressure in channel 12 increases. At this time, steel ball 8 is put in and falls onto ball seat 31 under the action of gravity. Since the steel ball blocks channel 12, the entire sliding sleeve 3 moves down under the action of hydraulic pressure. At this time, snap ring 3301 disengages from the limiting groove 52 and retracts back into spring groove 33. Thus, the sliding sleeve 3 loses its limiting position and begins to move down. At this time, the detonating cord is activated due to the change in hydraulic pressure, which ignites the metal liner 2201 in nozzle 2, forming a jet that penetrates the well wall and formation, forming an oil and gas channel and completing the perforation work.

[0032] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device, characterized in that: The fully automatic sealing perforation equipment includes a perforation unit (1), the outer wall of the perforation unit (1) is provided with a through hole (11), a nozzle (2) is installed in the through hole (11), a channel (12) is provided in the perforation unit (1), a sliding sleeve (3) is movably connected in the perforation unit (1), a center positioning component (4) is fixedly installed on the outside of the perforation unit (1), internal threads (13) are provided at both ends of the perforation unit (1), the perforation unit (1) is connected to the perforation pipe (5) through the internal threads (13), adjacent perforation units (1) are sealed together through the perforation pipe (5), the bottom perforation pipe (5) is sealed together with a radial adjustment component (6), a dredging component (7) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the radial adjustment component (6), a steel ball (8) is provided in the perforation unit (1), the diameter of the steel ball (1) is smaller than the diameter of the channel (12).

2. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channel (12) is provided with a wire embedding groove (1201), and a sealing groove (1202) is provided at one end of the channel (12), and a first sealing ring (1203) is embedded in the sealing groove (1202).

3. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle (2) includes a pressure cap (21), in which a perforating bullet (22) is fixedly installed, and a metal liner (2201) is provided inside the perforating bullet (22).

4. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the sliding sleeve (3) is the same as the inner diameter of the channel (12). A ball seat (31) is provided at one end of the sliding sleeve (3). An arc surface (3101) is provided on the inner wall of the ball seat (31). A sealing part (32) is provided on the other side of the sliding sleeve (3). A second sealing ring (3201) is provided in the sealing part (32). A spring groove (33) is provided on the sealing part (32). A retaining ring (3301) is provided in the spring groove (33).

5. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the outer wall of the perforation pipe (5) are provided with external threads (51), and a limit groove (52) is provided on the inner wall of one end of the perforation pipe (5).

6. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center positioning component (4) includes a positioning platform (41), on which slots (42) are evenly arranged in a ring. An adjusting spring (4201) is provided in the slot (42), and a positioning plate (43) is inserted into the slot (42). An extension plate (4301) is provided at the bottom of the positioning plate (43).

7. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The radial adjustment component (6) includes an outer cover (61), one end of which is provided with a sealing cap (62). A sealing sleeve (6101) is provided on the outer side of the outer cover (61) near the sealing cap (62). The sealing sleeve (6101) engages with the external thread (51). A fixing rod (6102) is provided inside the outer cover (61). The fixing rod (6102) is fixed by the sealing cap (62). A front fixing plate (63) and a rear fixing plate (64) are sleeved on the fixing rod (6102). Connecting rods (6401) are evenly arranged on the outer side of the rear fixing plate (64). A roller (6402) is provided at the end. A support rod (65) is provided between the rear end fixing plate (64) and the sealing cover (62). A push spring (6501) is sleeved on the support rod (65). A movable plate (66) is movably connected to the support rod (65). A connecting rod (6601) is provided on the outside of the movable plate (66). The connecting rod (6601) is connected to the connecting rod (6401). The front end fixing plate (63) and the rear end fixing plate (64) have the same structure. The connecting rod (6401) on the front end fixing plate (63) and the rear end fixing plate (64) are connected by a synchronous rod (67).

8. The fully automatic plastic sealing perforation equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The unblocking component (7) includes a motor (71), which is fixed inside the outer cover (61). The output end of the motor (71) is fixedly connected to the rotating seat (72). The bottom of the rotating seat (72) is also uniformly provided with main fan blades (7201), and the side wall of the rotating seat (72) is uniformly provided with lateral fan blades (7202).

9. A method of using a fully automatic plastic sealing perforation device according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps: S1: Multiple adjacent perforation units (1) are connected in series with the perforation pipe (5), and a radial adjustment component (6) and a dredging component (7) are installed on the bottom perforation pipe (5) to form a complete perforation device. S2: Place the installed perforating equipment into the oil well, and activate the dredging component (7) to remove mud and sand from the oil well during the descent of the perforating equipment; S3: The center positioning component (4) installed on the perforation unit (1) can position the perforation unit (1) to ensure that the perforation unit (1) is always located in the center of the oil well. S4: After reaching the designated position downhole, the detonating cord in the perforation unit (1) ignites the nozzle (2), and a jet is formed in the nozzle (2) to penetrate the well wall and formation, opening up an oil and gas channel.

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