A multi-stage coupled broadband adaptive anti-dancing spacer and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power transmission line fittings, and discloses a multi-stage coupled broadband adaptive anti-dancing spacer and method, a plurality of first dampers are arranged radially, a plurality of second dampers are connected with adjacent two first dampers through transmission rods at both ends, tuning mass blocks are connected with all first dampers at one end close to each other through universal connecting rods outside, and outer frames are arranged on both sides of the first dampers and the second dampers, through the arrangement of the first dampers, the second dampers and the tuning mass blocks, multiple dissipation of the wire dancing energy is realized, and full-spectrum vibration including micro wind vibration containing high-frequency small amplitude, sub-span vibration containing medium frequency and dancing containing low-frequency large amplitude can be coped with; meanwhile, the whole damping system works cooperatively, a three-stage cooperative energy dissipation mechanism is constructed, and the complex coupled vibration dissipation efficiency in the dancing process is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission line hardware technology, and in particular to a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dash spacer and method. Background Technology

[0002] Split conductors are a widely used conductor type in high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission lines. Multiple sub-conductors are fixed at certain intervals by spacers to suppress corona discharge. However, split conductors are prone to galloping under icing and strong wind conditions, which can lead to damage to fittings, broken strands, or even tower collapse in severe cases.

[0003] Currently, one of the commonly used measures to prevent galloping in transmission lines is the installation of interphase spacers. Existing interphase spacers have a single energy dissipation mechanism, often employing rubber pad friction damping or viscoelastic material damping, which is insufficient to cope with full-spectrum vibrations, including high-frequency, small-amplitude micro-wind vibrations, mid-frequency sub-span vibrations, and low-frequency, large-amplitude galloping. Furthermore, each damping unit typically operates independently, lacking a multi-stage coordinated energy dissipation mechanism, resulting in limited efficiency in dissipating complex coupled vibrations during galloping. In addition, the damping characteristics of existing spacers are fixed and cannot be automatically adjusted according to vibration intensity and environmental conditions. This leads to the same fixed damping device failing to provide effective damping force under small-amplitude vibrations, and under large-amplitude vibrations, the damping force saturates prematurely and cannot increase synchronously with the vibration intensity. Moreover, their structural function is mainly limited to maintaining the split spacing, lacking functional designs for converting or transferring vibration energy, and advanced vibration reduction technologies such as tuned mass damping have not yet been effectively applied. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacer and method to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar includes: Multiple first dampers are arranged radially, including a first housing and an intermediate connecting rod. Two sets of partitions are arranged axially inside the first housing to form three cavities. The intermediate connecting rod passes through the first housing and the partitions. The intermediate connecting rod is threaded with a fan blade in the middle cavity of the three cavities. The fan blade is axially limited by a first limiting structure on the middle cavity, so that it can only rotate around the intermediate connecting rod and cannot move axially. The middle cavity is filled with STF shear thickening liquid. A first buffer is provided between the intermediate connecting rod and the partition. Multiple second dampers are provided. The two ends of the second dampers are connected to two adjacent first dampers through transmission rods. A baffle is provided inside the second damper. A second buffer is provided between the transmission rod and the baffle. A one-way friction wheel is threaded on the periphery of the transmission rod. The one-way friction wheel also cooperates with the second limiting structure inside the second damper to keep the axial position inside the second damper unchanged. The tuning mass has multiple metal balls inside and is filled with viscous liquid. All the first dampers are connected to each other at one end by universal joints. The outer frame is located on both sides of the first damper and the second damper. The second damper is fixedly connected to the outer frame, and the first damper is movably connected to the outer frame.

[0006] As a further implementation, among the three cavities, the cavities at both ends are the outer cavity and the inner cavity, respectively. The intermediate connecting rod is provided with tapered end plates on its periphery at the outer cavity and the inner cavity. The first buffer is a first SMA spring, which is located between the tapered end plate and the partition.

[0007] As a further implementation, the first limiting structure is disposed on the inner wall of the intermediate cavity corresponding to the first outer shell, forming a first limiting step, and the edge of the fan blade is positioned at the first limiting step.

[0008] As a further implementation, the second damper includes a second housing, and a baffle is provided in the middle of the interior of the second housing. The baffle divides the interior of the second housing into two symmetrical half-regions, which are a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity from one end to the other, respectively. The first cavity and the fourth cavity are symmetrically arranged, and the second cavity and the third cavity are symmetrically arranged. Two transmission rods pass through both ends of the second outer shell and extend to near the baffle. The portions of the transmission rods located in the first and fourth cavities are equipped with one-way friction wheels. The portions of the transmission rods located in the second and third cavities are equipped with end plates. A second buffer is provided between the end plates and the baffle. The second buffer is a second SMA spring, which is sleeved on the transmission rod.

[0009] As a further implementation, the second limiting structure is provided on the inner wall of the second outer shell corresponding to the one-way friction wheel, forming a second limiting step, and the edge of the one-way friction wheel is positioned to fit into the second limiting step.

[0010] As a further implementation, the unidirectional friction wheel has multiple layers and an internal ratchet mechanism to achieve unidirectional rotation. The unidirectional friction wheel is engaged with the second limiting step through the outermost friction material layer.

[0011] As a further implementation, the transmission rod and the outer side of the first damper are connected by a universal joint; the tuning mass block and the end of the intermediate connecting rod are connected by a universal joint.

[0012] As a further implementation, a transverse connecting rod is vertically provided on the opposite side of the first outer shell. The transverse connecting rod passes through the mounting hole on the outer frame and is connected to the fastener. The size of the mounting hole is larger than the size of the transverse connecting rod, so as to realize the movable connection between the first damper and the outer frame. The outer side of the second damper is fixedly connected to the outer frame by a clamp, and a rubber gasket is provided between the clamp and the outer frame.

[0013] As a further implementation, the multiple metal spheres inside the tuned mass block are of different sizes, and the viscous liquid does not fill the interior of the tuned mass block.

[0014] Secondly, a method for operating a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-fighting spacer, employing any of the anti-fighting spacers described above, includes the following steps: When a transmission line gallops, the conductor reciprocates linearly through the intermediate link of the first damper. This movement triggers the rotating blades to shear the STF (Strain Tolerancing Fluid) thickening liquid, generating damping force. Simultaneously, the first buffer is compressed or stretched, storing energy and providing cushioning. The motion of the intermediate link is transmitted to the transmission rod of the second damper. The linear motion of the transmission rod drives the unidirectional friction wheel to rotate, generating frictional damping. At the same time, the second buffer is compressed to store energy. The tuning mass, under the traction of the first damper, oscillates spatially, and the viscous liquid inside sloshes, generating liquid damping. The collisions between the metal balls and with the tuning mass generate particle damping, dissipating vibration energy. Through the synergistic effect of multiple energy-dissipating mechanisms, galloping prevention is achieved.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves multiple dissipations of conductor galloping energy through the arrangement of a first damper, a second damper, and a tuned mass block. It can cope with full-spectrum vibrations, including high-frequency small-amplitude wind vibrations, mid-frequency secondary-span vibrations, and low-frequency large-amplitude galloping. At the same time, the entire damping system works in concert to construct a three-level collaborative energy dissipation mechanism, which effectively improves the dissipation efficiency of complex coupled vibrations during galloping.

[0016] 2. The first damper of the present invention comprises a first SMA spring, an STF shear-thickening liquid, and a fan blade, wherein the fan blade rotates within the STF shear-thickening liquid. The STF shear-thickening liquid provides velocity-related damping, and the first SMA spring provides displacement-related damping and a hyperelastic effect. The overall components complement each other, enabling the present invention to effectively cover the full spectrum of vibrations from light breezes to galloping. The second damper adopts a structure of a unidirectional friction wheel in conjunction with a second SMA spring to ensure smooth reset and avoid jamming.

[0017] 3. The tuning mass block of this invention adopts a universal joint suspension design, which can freely swing within the longitudinal and vertical cross-sections of the conductor and respond to vibrations in all directions of space. At the same time, the tuning mass block adopts a spherical shell-liquid-metal sphere composite structure, which can improve the damping effect by 20% to 30% compared with a solid mass block of the same mass. Its mass ratio (the ratio of the mass of the tuning mass block to the total mass within one span of the controlled split conductor) is set to 0.5% to 2%. Within this range, the optimal broadband vibration reduction effect can be obtained, achieving a balance between lightweight and high-efficiency vibration reduction.

[0018] 4. The damping system of this invention features a compact arrangement of damping structures, resulting in significantly improved overall rigidity when combined with the outer frame. The connections between the components of the anti-glamping spacer are clear, facilitating manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. The application of SMA and STF smart materials to anti-glamping spacers in transmission lines represents a typical cross-application of new material technologies in high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0019] 5. This invention uses a four-split conductor as an example for structural description, but by increasing the corresponding number of radial arrangements, it can be extended to six-split and eight-split conductors. It can be widely used in the prevention of galloping of UHV AC 1000kV and DC ±800kV and above transmission lines, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of UHV power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the anti-dance spacer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the anti-dance spacer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the damping system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first damper in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second damper in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the anti-dance spacer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0023] The components are: 1. Tuning mass block, 11. Spherical shell, 12. Viscous liquid, 13. Metal ball, 14. First connector, 2. Outer frame, 3. First damper, 31. First shell, 32. Intermediate connecting rod, 33. First SMA spring, 34. Fan blade, 35. Gasket, 36. Partition, 37. First limiting step, 38. Conical end plate, 39. Second connector, 310. Lateral connecting rod, 311. Wire clamp, 4. Second damper, 41. Second shell, 42. Transmission rod, 43. Second limiting step, 44. Second SMA spring, 45. One-way friction wheel, 46. End plate, 47. Baffle, 5. Universal connecting rod, 6. Fixture, 61. Fixture body, 62. Connecting screw, 63. Rubber gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figures 1-6 As shown, a multi-stage coupled broadband adaptive anti-dash spacer bar is illustrated using a four-split conductor as an example, but the structure of this invention is also applicable to spacers with six-split or higher split conductors. The spacer bar includes an outer frame 2, a tuned mass block 1, multiple first dampers 3, and multiple second dampers 4.

[0026] The first dampers 3 are arranged radially, including a first housing 31 and an intermediate connecting rod 32. Two sets of partitions 36 are arranged axially inside the first housing 31 to form three cavities. The intermediate connecting rod 32 passes through the first housing 31 and the partitions 36. The intermediate connecting rod 32 is threaded with a fan blade 34 in the middle cavity of the three cavities. The fan blade 34 is limited by a first limiting structure on the middle cavity to keep its axial position unchanged in the middle cavity. The middle cavity is filled with STF shear thickening liquid. A first buffer is provided between the intermediate connecting rod 32 and the partitions 36.

[0027] The two ends of the second damper 4 are respectively connected to the two adjacent first dampers 3 through the transmission rod 42. The second damper 4 is provided with a baffle 47. A second buffer is provided between the transmission rod 42 and the baffle 47. A one-way friction wheel 45 is threaded around the transmission rod 42. The one-way friction wheel 45 also cooperates with the second limiting structure in the second damper 4 to keep the axial position unchanged in the second damper 4.

[0028] The tuned mass 1 contains multiple metal balls 13 filled with viscous liquid 12, and its outer side is connected to all the first dampers 3 close to each other via universal connecting rods 5. The outer frame 2 is located on both sides of the first dampers 3 and the second dampers 4. The second dampers 4 are fixedly connected to the outer frame 2, and the first dampers 3 are movably connected to the outer frame 2.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the outer frame 2 consists of two independent frame plates: an upper frame plate and a lower frame plate. The upper and lower frame plates have the same structure and are square in shape, corresponding to the four-split conductor. The two frame plates can be fixedly connected by several bolts to form an integrated structure.

[0030] The outer frame 2 is provided with mounting holes for installing the first damper 3 and through holes for fixing the second damper 4. The second damper 4 is fixed relative to the outer frame 2 by a clamp engaging with the through hole.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the corresponding four-split conductor type, the square outer frame 2 has mounting holes at its four corners. A transverse connecting rod 310 is vertically mounted on opposite sides of the surface of the first outer shell 31 of the first damper 3. The transverse connecting rod 310 passes through mounting holes on the upper and lower frame plates and connects to a fixing component. The transverse connecting rod 310 is a threaded rod, and the fixing component is a nut.

[0032] It is understandable that the size of the mounting hole (inner diameter) is larger than the size of the transverse connecting rod 310 (outer diameter) but smaller than the size of the nut. This allows the first damper 3 to be movably connected to the outer frame 2. The first damper 3 can swing slightly within the mounting hole via the transverse connecting rod 310 to achieve its own adaptive movement.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, each first damper 3 has a central connecting rod 32 that passes through the first damper 3. Both ends of the central connecting rod 32 extend out of the ends of the first outer shell 31. The end furthest from the outer frame 2 is the outer end, and the other end is the inner end. The outer end of the central connecting rod 32 is connected to a wire clamp 311 for mating with a wire. The inner end is used to connect to the tuning mass 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first damper 3 is connected between the four corners of the upper frame plate and the lower frame plate, while the second damper 4 is connected between the four sides of the upper frame plate and the lower frame plate through the external clamps 6.

[0035] The second damper 4 includes a second outer shell 41, and the clamp 6 includes a clamp body 61, connecting screws 62, and rubber gaskets 63. Two sets of clamp bodies 61 cover the outer side of the second outer shell 41, limiting the movement of the second damper 4 and preventing the second outer shell 41 from moving. Multiple connecting screws 62 are vertically arranged on the outer side of the clamp body 61, passing through through holes on the four sides of the upper and lower frame plates and then fixed with nuts. It is understood that rubber gaskets 63 are also provided between the clamp body 61 and the outer frame 2. The outer frame 2 uses the clamps 6 to fix the four sets of second dampers 4.

[0036] The outer frame 2 is made of high-strength, lightweight materials, such as ZL101 cast aluminum alloy, with a single piece weight controlled within 2.5kg.

[0037] The tuning mass 1 includes a spherical shell 11, and four first connectors 14 are provided on the outer side of the spherical shell 11. The first connectors 14 are connected to the inner end of the intermediate connecting rod 32 through universal connecting rods 5. The tuning mass 1 is located at the intersection of the axes of the four sets of first dampers 3, and is also located at the center of the outer frame 2.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the second damper 4 has a symmetrical structure. Two transmission rods 42 are located inside the second housing 41, with one end of each rod extending out of the end of the second housing 41. The first housing 31 of the first damper 3 has second connecting members 39 on both sides. The second connecting members 39 are connected to the extended ends of the transmission rods 42 via universal joints 5. Both the first connecting member 14 and the second connecting member 39 are existing structures, such as connecting lugs, and are connected to the universal joint at the end of the universal joint 5.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the first damper 3, the second damper 4, and the tuned mass block 1 form a damping system. After the outer frame 2 is combined with each damping system, the overall structural rigidity is significantly improved.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the tuning mass 1 is a hollow spherical structure, located at the center of the outer frame 2. The tuning mass 1 includes a spherical shell 11, inside which are multiple metal spheres 13 of different sizes. A viscous liquid 12 fills, but does not completely fill, the spherical shell 11.

[0041] The spherical outer shell 11 is made of high-strength, lightweight materials, such as ZL101 cast aluminum alloy, with a wall thickness of 5-8mm. The spherical outer shell 11 has an integrally cast injection hole. The surface of the spherical outer shell 11 is anodized to improve corrosion resistance. The inner wall of the injection hole is threaded, allowing for sealing with a threaded plug equipped with an O-ring. This ensures liquid tightness while facilitating assembly and subsequent maintenance, and also minimizes weight while maintaining sealing and structural strength.

[0042] The viscous liquid 12 can be a high-viscosity silicone oil with a viscosity of 1000 cSt, and its filling volume is 40% to 60% of the internal volume of the spherical shell 11, forming a free liquid surface and generating additional damping by the sloshing of the liquid.

[0043] The metal spheres 13 have a high density, such as tungsten alloy spheres or steel spheres. The metal spheres 13 have different diameters and their total weight accounts for 40% to 60% of the total mass of the tuning mass block 1. They can move freely in the viscous liquid 12, collide with each other, and collide with the inner wall of the spherical shell 11. Vibrational energy is dissipated through the collision and friction between the metal spheres 13.

[0044] The tuning mass 1 is connected to the first damper 3 via a universal joint 5. Taking a certain type of ultra-high voltage four-split conductor as an example, its unit length mass is approximately 2.0 kg / m, and the total mass of the conductor within a span (approximately 50 m) is approximately 400 kg. Based on an optimized mass ratio range of 0.5% to 2%, the total mass of the tuning mass 1 is designed to be between 2 kg and 8 kg. This mass range ensures sufficient inertial force to suppress conductor galloping while avoiding increased conductor sag and increased hardware load due to excessive mass. The spherical shell 11, the viscous liquid 12, and the metal ball 13 work together to enable the tuning mass 1 to achieve a high equivalent damping ratio with a relatively small total mass.

[0045] The parameters of the tuned mass block 1 can be optimized based on the principle of the tuned mass damper. Its total mass is determined according to the total mass of the split conductors connected to it, and the mass ratio is set to 0.5% to 2%. By optimizing the ratio of the vibration frequency of the tuned mass block 1 to the main frequency of the conductor's galloping within this mass ratio range, the tuned mass block 1 can achieve the best broadband vibration reduction effect with the minimum additional mass.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the universal joint 5 includes an independent connecting rod with universal joints at both ends for connecting the intermediate connecting rod 32 between the tuning mass 1 and the first damper 3, and the end of the transmission rod 42 connecting the second connecting member 39 and the second damper 4. The universal joint 5 is made of metal, such as stainless steel.

[0047] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, there are four groups of first dampers 3, arranged radially corresponding to four conductors. Each group of first dampers 3 includes a first housing 31 and an intermediate connecting rod 32.

[0048] The intermediate connecting rod 32 runs through the entire first housing 31, with one end connected to the tuning mass block 1 via a universal connecting rod 5, and the other end connected to the wire clamp 311. The intermediate connecting rod 32 is made of metal, such as stainless steel. The first housing 31 is a one-piece cast cylindrical structure, also made of metal, such as stainless steel.

[0049] The first outer shell 31 has two sets of partitions 36 arranged axially at a set interval inside, dividing it into three cavities. The space between the two partitions 36 is the middle cavity. The two cavities between the two sets of partitions 36 and the end of the first outer shell 31 are an outer cavity and an inner cavity. The outer cavity is close to the wire clamp 311, and the inner cavity is close to the tuning mass block 1.

[0050] The partition 36 and the first outer shell 31 are integrally cast. The intermediate connecting rod 32 needs to pass through the partition 36. The intermediate cavity is filled with STF shear thickening liquid, which is a nano silica / polyethylene glycol dispersion system.

[0051] The intermediate connecting rod 32 is threaded around the corresponding intermediate cavity to fit two fan blades 34, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the first limiting structure is provided on the inner wall of the intermediate cavity corresponding to the first outer shell 31. Specifically, it is formed by setting an annular groove to form the first limiting steps 37 on both sides of the annular groove. The outer edge of the fan blade 34 is engaged with the step surface of the first limiting step 37, that is, engaged with the annular groove.

[0052] By setting an annular groove, the step surface of the first limiting step 37 can limit the fan blade 34. When the intermediate connecting rod 32 moves linearly, the fan blade 34 converts the linear motion into rotational motion, shears the STF thickening liquid, and generates damping force. The first limiting step 37 restricts the fan blade 34 to only rotate and not generate linear displacement.

[0053] The intermediate connecting rod 32 is provided with a tapered end plate 38 on its periphery at the outer cavity and the inner cavity. The first buffer is a first SMA spring 33, which is sleeved on the intermediate connecting rod 32 and located between the tapered end plate 38 and the partition plate 36. The two partition plates 36 are provided with a gasket 35 on the side away from each other. There is one gasket 35 in the outer cavity and one in the inner cavity. The gasket 35 is held in place by the first SMA spring 33. When the intermediate connecting rod 32 reciprocates, it is in close contact with the surface of the partition plate 36, forming an auxiliary seal between the intermediate connecting rod 32 and the through hole of the partition plate 36, preventing the STF shear thickening liquid in the intermediate cavity from seeping into the outer cavity and the inner cavity. The gasket 35 is used to seal the intermediate cavity.

[0054] In an alternative example, instead of gasket 35, a sealing ring can be provided between partition 36 and intermediate connecting rod 32. The purpose of both gasket 35 and sealing gasket 35 is to seal the intermediate cavity and prevent STF shear thickening liquid from leaking into other cavities.

[0055] The first SMA spring 33 is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. Its two ends abut against the tapered end plate 38 and the outer washer 35 of the partition plate 36. It can deform when the middle connecting rod 32 moves axially, playing the role of energy storage and buffering. The tapered end plate 38 is used to abut against the end of the first SMA spring 33 away from the partition plate 36.

[0056] The transverse connecting rod 310 does not penetrate the interior of the first damper 3. The two transverse connecting rods 310 are located on the same axis, and their two ends pass through the mounting holes on the outer frame 2 respectively. They can swing slightly within the mounting holes when the first damper 3 swings.

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the second damper 4 is arranged inside the outer frame 2 and has a symmetrical structure. Each set of second dampers 4 includes a second housing 41, a transmission rod 42, a one-way friction wheel 45, a second SMA spring 44, and a second limiting step 43.

[0058] The second outer casing 41 is made of a metal material, such as stainless steel, and has a cylindrical structure. A baffle 47 is located in the middle of the interior of the second outer casing 41, dividing the interior of the second outer casing 41 into two symmetrical halves. From one end to the other along the axial direction, these halves are sequentially arranged as a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity, and a fourth cavity. The first and fourth cavities are symmetrically located at both ends, while the second and third cavities are symmetrically located on both sides of the baffle 47. Two transmission rods 42 pass through both ends of the second outer casing 41. One rod passes through the first and second cavities sequentially, extending to near the baffle 47; the other rod passes through the fourth and third cavities sequentially, extending to near the baffle 47. The end of each set of transmission rods 42 extending out of the second outer casing 41 is connected to the second connecting member 39 of the first damper 3 via a universal connecting rod 5.

[0059] The portion of the transmission rod 42 located within the first and fourth cavities is equipped with a one-way friction wheel 45. The one-way friction wheel 45 is located around the transmission rod 42 and threadedly engages with it, converting the linear motion of the transmission rod 42 into one-way rotational motion. The one-way friction wheel 45 is limited by a second limiting structure to ensure that it only rotates without producing axial displacement.

[0060] The second limiting structure is located on the inner wall of the second outer shell 41 corresponding to the first cavity and the fourth cavity. It is also an annular groove structure, and its structure is the same as that of the first limiting structure, thereby forming the second limiting steps 43 on both sides of the annular groove. The edge position of the one-way friction wheel 45 is matched with the second limiting step 43, and the axial movement of the one-way friction wheel 45 is restricted by the step surface of the second limiting step 43.

[0061] The portion of the transmission rod 42 located within the second and third cavities is provided with an end plate 46. The end plate 46 is located around the transmission rod 42. A second SMA spring 44 is provided between the end plate 46 and the baffle 47. The second SMA spring 44 is sleeved on the transmission rod 42, and its two ends abut against the end plate 46 and the baffle 47, respectively.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, in the two symmetrical half-regions, each half-region is provided with two unidirectional friction wheels 45, and each unidirectional friction wheel 45 corresponds to a set of second limiting steps 43.

[0063] In this embodiment, the one-way friction wheel 45 has multiple layers and an internal ratchet mechanism to achieve one-way rotation. The one-way friction wheel 45 is engaged with the second limiting step 43 by the outer friction material layer.

[0064] Specifically, the one-way friction wheel 45 has a three-layer structure, including an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer. A ratchet mechanism is provided between the inner layer and the middle layer to realize the one-way transmission function. The outer layer is a friction material layer, such as a copper-based friction material, used to generate frictional damping. The outer layer and the middle layer are fixedly connected.

[0065] When the one-way friction wheel 45 rotates, damping is generated by friction between the outer surface of the friction material layer and the step surface of the second limiting step 43. The second limiting step 43 ensures that the one-way friction wheel 45 only rotates and does not produce linear displacement. The second SMA spring 44 is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. When the transmission rod 42 moves inward, the second SMA spring 44 is compressed and stores energy. When the transmission rod 42 moves outward, the second SMA spring 44 releases energy to provide a restoring force. At this time, the ratchet mechanism of the one-way friction wheel 45 does not produce obstruction.

[0066] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the second damper 4 is provided with a clamp 6 on the outside, and a rubber pad 63 is provided between the clamp 6 and the outer frame 2 to buffer vibration and adjust installation errors.

[0067] In this embodiment, the outer frame 2 weighs approximately 2.2 kg, the tuning mass block 1 weighs approximately 3.8 kg (of which the spherical shell 11 weighs approximately 0.8 kg, the viscous liquid 12 weighs approximately 1.2 kg, and the metal ball 13 weighs approximately 1.8 kg), the total weight of the four sets of first dampers 3 is controlled within 2 kg (approximately 0.5 kg per set), and the total weight of the second damper 4 is controlled within 1.5 kg. Considering the optimized weight design of all components, the overall weight of this embodiment is controlled within the range of 8 kg to 15 kg, which is 15% to 25% lighter than traditional anti-dancing spacers with equivalent functions.

[0068] Regarding the connection relationship, the wire clamp 311 is fixedly connected to the intermediate connecting rod 32 of the first damper 3. The intermediate connecting rod 32 of the first damper 3 is connected to the first connecting piece 14 of the tuning mass block 1 through the universal connecting rod 5. The first damper 3 is installed in the mounting hole of the outer frame 2 through the transverse connecting rod 310 and can swing slightly. The second connecting piece 39 of the first damper 3 is connected to the outer end of the transmission rod 42 of the second damper 4 through the universal connecting rod 5. The second damper 4 is fixed inside the outer frame 2 by the clamp 6. The upper frame plate and the lower frame plate of the outer frame 2 can be fixed with bolts to encapsulate each damping system inside.

[0069] Example 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figures 1-6 As shown, a working method for a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar is described, using the anti-dance spacing bar of Embodiment 1. When the transmission line gallops, the conductor drives the conductor clamp 311 to move, which in turn drives the intermediate connecting rod 32 of the first damper 3 to perform linear reciprocating motion. When the intermediate connecting rod 32 moves, it triggers two energy dissipation mechanisms at the same time. First, the fan blade 34 in the intermediate cavity rotates and shears the STF thickening liquid, generating a speed-related damping force. Second, the first SMA spring 33 in the outer cavity and the inner cavity is compressed or stretched, which plays a role in energy storage and buffering.

[0070] When the conductor twists, the transverse connecting rod 310 swings accordingly in the mounting hole of the outer frame 2, and at the same time transmits the force to the transmission rod 42 of the second damper 4 through the second connecting piece 39 and the universal connecting rod 5, causing the transmission rod 42 to move linearly.

[0071] When the transmission rod 42 moves linearly (retracts into the second housing 41), it drives the one-way friction wheel 45 in the first and fourth cavities to rotate, generating frictional damping. At the same time, the second SMA spring 44 in the second and third cavities is compressed and stores energy. When the transmission rod 42 moves in the opposite direction (outward), the ratchet mechanism of the one-way friction wheel 45 is engaged, without causing obstruction. The second SMA spring 44 releases energy to provide a reset force. The purpose of setting the one-way friction wheel 45 is to avoid the frictional resistance and the force of the second SMA spring 44 canceling each other out during the reset stroke of the transmission rod 42, ensuring that the transmission rod 42 can be reset smoothly.

[0072] During the above process, the tuned mass 1 oscillates in space under the traction of the four sets of first dampers 3. The viscous liquid 12 inside it sloshes, generating liquid damping. The metal balls 13 collide with each other and with the shell, generating particle damping, further dissipating vibration energy. Through the synergistic effect of the above multiple energy dissipation mechanisms, the present invention achieves broadband, omnidirectional, and adaptive suppression of conductor galloping.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar, characterized in that, include: Multiple first dampers are arranged radially, including a first housing and an intermediate connecting rod. Two sets of partitions are arranged axially inside the first housing to form three cavities. The intermediate connecting rod passes through the first housing and the partitions. The intermediate connecting rod is threaded with a fan blade in the middle cavity of the three cavities. The fan blade is axially limited by a first limiting structure on the middle cavity, so that it can only rotate around the intermediate connecting rod and cannot move axially. The middle cavity is filled with STF shear thickening liquid. A first buffer is provided between the intermediate connecting rod and the partition. Multiple second dampers are provided. The two ends of the second dampers are connected to two adjacent first dampers through transmission rods. A baffle is provided inside the second damper. A second buffer is provided between the transmission rod and the baffle. A one-way friction wheel is threaded on the periphery of the transmission rod. The one-way friction wheel also cooperates with the second limiting structure inside the second damper to keep the axial position inside the second damper unchanged. The tuning mass has multiple metal balls inside and is filled with viscous liquid. All the first dampers are connected to each other at one end by universal joints. An outer frame is located on both sides of the first damper and the second damper. The second damper is fixedly connected to the outer frame, and the first damper is movably connected to the outer frame. Of the three cavities, the cavities at both ends are the outer cavity and the inner cavity, respectively. The middle connecting rod is provided with tapered end plates on its periphery at the outer cavity and the inner cavity. The first buffer is a first SMA spring, which is located between the tapered end plate and the partition. The first limiting structure is disposed on the inner wall of the corresponding intermediate cavity of the first outer shell, forming a first limiting step, and the edge of the fan blade is positioned at the first limiting step.

2. The multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second damper includes a second housing, and a baffle is provided in the middle of the interior of the second housing. The baffle divides the interior of the second housing into two symmetrical half-regions, which are a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity from one end to the other. The first cavity and the fourth cavity are symmetrically arranged, and the second cavity and the third cavity are symmetrically arranged. Two transmission rods pass through both ends of the second outer shell and extend to near the baffle. The portions of the transmission rods located in the first and fourth cavities are equipped with one-way friction wheels. The portions of the transmission rods located in the second and third cavities are equipped with end plates. A second buffer is provided between the end plates and the baffle. The second buffer is a second SMA spring, which is sleeved on the transmission rod.

3. The multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second limiting structure is located on the inner wall of the second outer shell corresponding to the one-way friction wheel, forming a second limiting step, and the edge of the one-way friction wheel is positioned to fit into the second limiting step.

4. The multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 3, characterized in that, The unidirectional friction wheel has multiple layers and an internal ratchet mechanism to achieve unidirectional rotation. The unidirectional friction wheel is engaged with the second limiting step through the outermost friction material layer.

5. A multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission rod and the outer side of the first damper are connected by a universal joint; the tuning mass block and the end of the intermediate connecting rod are connected by a universal joint.

6. A multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first outer shell has a horizontal connecting rod vertically arranged on opposite sides. The horizontal connecting rod passes through the mounting hole on the outer frame and is connected to the fastener. The size of the mounting hole is larger than the size of the horizontal connecting rod, so as to realize the movable connection between the first damper and the outer frame. The outer side of the second damper is fixedly connected to the outer frame by a clamp. A rubber gasket is provided between the clamp and the outer frame.

7. A multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dance spacing bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple metal spheres inside the tuned mass block are of different sizes, and the viscous liquid does not fill the interior of the tuned mass block.

8. A method for operating a multi-level coupled broadband adaptive anti-dancement spacer, characterized in that, The anti-dancing spacer as described in any one of claims 1-7 comprises the following steps: When a transmission line gallops, the conductor reciprocates linearly through the intermediate link of the first damper. This movement triggers the rotating blades to shear the STF (Strain Tolerancing Fluid) thickening liquid, generating damping force. Simultaneously, the first buffer is compressed or stretched, storing energy and providing cushioning. The motion of the intermediate link is transmitted to the transmission rod of the second damper. The linear motion of the transmission rod drives the unidirectional friction wheel to rotate, generating frictional damping. At the same time, the second buffer is compressed to store energy. The tuning mass, under the traction of the first damper, oscillates spatially, and the viscous liquid inside sloshes, generating liquid damping. The collisions between the metal balls and with the tuning mass generate particle damping, dissipating vibration energy. Through the synergistic effect of multiple energy-dissipating mechanisms, galloping prevention is achieved.

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