Automatic airway secretion clearing and care system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology, belonging to the field of medical and nursing technology. The system includes a main structure that integrates a main control unit, a negative pressure generation and regulation unit, a suction tubing and operating components, a sputum collection and processing unit, a bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and a micro-positive pressure generator. The main control unit is connected to a multimodal sensor bus and operates a module wake-up scheduling mechanism. Based on the received multimodal data, it sequentially performs multi-level risk warning judgments. When the judgment meets the preset intervention conditions, the system performs physical pressure relief through the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the micro-positive pressure generator injects positive pressure buffer airflow to counteract the backflow pressure. For high-viscosity secretions, the system converts the basic suction negative pressure into a pulsating negative pressure airflow by changing the opening of the electronically controlled throttle valve. It uses alternating shear force to destroy the internal structure of the secretions, avoiding mechanical tearing damage and maintaining fluid pressure balance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical and nursing technology, specifically to an automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Neurosurgical critical care patients often have weakened or absent swallowing and cough reflexes, requiring external equipment to clear airway secretions and maintain airway patency. Current airway clearance and care procedures suffer from the following limitations due to the technical constraints of the equipment:

[0003] Existing suction devices typically employ a continuous, closed negative pressure suction structure. In practical applications, when the suction tubing is physically blocked by viscous secretions, abnormal fluid pressure accumulates inside the tubing. Once the blockage is suddenly relieved or the patient experiences physiological coughing, reverse backflow pressure is easily generated inside the tubing towards the patient's airway. Because existing devices lack pressure relief channels and active physical buffering mechanisms for the reverse airflow inside the tubing, this reverse backflow pressure directly acts on the patient's airway and conducts mechanical force to the patient's intracranial venous system, which can easily trigger a surge in intracranial pressure, a contraindication for neurosurgical patients, leading to the risk of secondary brain injury.

[0004] For the clearance of high-viscosity airway secretions, the current technology usually relies on simply increasing the negative pressure output power of the suction pump to forcibly remove them. High-viscosity airway secretions are non-Newtonian fluids with a stable physical flocculation structure inside, and have a strong adhesion force to the inner wall of the airway. Using continuous and constant high-intensity negative pressure for suction not only fails to destroy the solidified structure inside the secretions at the rheological level, but also applies continuous high-pressure traction force directly to the patient's fragile airway mucosa, ultimately leading to mechanical tearing damage and mucosal bleeding of the airway tissue.

[0005] With the development of intelligent airway care technology, cleaning equipment integrates a wide variety of monitoring modules. In order to fully cover the patient's physiological and airway status, the existing airway monitoring and control system usually adopts a full-time concurrent acquisition mode, that is, all sensor modules are always on and running and continuously uploading data. This undifferentiated concurrent operation mechanism causes a large amount of redundant monitoring data under normal conditions to continuously occupy the transmission bandwidth of the internal sensor bus, increasing the data processing load of the main control unit and reducing the overall operating efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology. This system solves the problem that existing suction devices, lacking a reverse airflow decompression and physical buffering mechanism, generate reverse backflow pressure when physical obstruction is relieved or the patient coughs. This reverse backflow pressure mechanically transmits force to the patient's intracranial venous system, which can easily lead to a surge in intracranial pressure and the risk of secondary brain injury.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic airway secretion clearing and care system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology, comprising a main structure;

[0008] The main structure is equipped with a main control unit, and integrates a negative pressure generation and regulation unit, a suction tubing and operating components, and a sputum collection and processing unit. The main structure is also equipped with a bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve and a micro-positive pressure generator.

[0009] The main control unit is connected to a multimodal sensor bus;

[0010] The suction tubing and operating components are equipped with a fluid channel, which includes a proximal fluid circuit and an airway section.

[0011] The negative pressure generating and regulating unit is in fluid communication with the suction tubing and operating components, the suction tubing and operating components are in fluid communication with the sputum collection and processing unit, and the sputum collection and processing unit is equipped with a self-cleaning component.

[0012] The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve is installed on the proximal fluid circuit. The micro positive pressure generator has an output end, and the output end of the micro positive pressure generator is connected to the gas path section. The micro positive pressure generator is used to generate positive pressure buffered airflow.

[0013] The main control unit is electrically connected to the negative pressure generating and regulating unit, the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve and the micro positive pressure generator respectively;

[0014] The multimodal sensing bus is connected to a basic physiological sign sensing module, an airway fluid dynamics sensing module, a sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and a respiratory monitoring acoustic array. The airway fluid dynamics sensing module and the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module are connected in series inside the fluid channel.

[0015] The main control unit includes a storage area and a computing area. The main control unit receives basic physiological data collected by the basic physiological sign sensing module, physical and mechanical data collected by the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, physical and chemical property data collected by the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module, and audio data collected by the respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the multimodal sensing bus.

[0016] Preferably, the basic physiological sign sensing module includes a blood oxygen probe and a heart rate sensor;

[0017] The airway fluid dynamics sensing module includes an airway pressure sensor and a gas flow sensor. The airway pressure sensor is embedded and fixed on the side wall of the fluid channel, and the gas flow sensor is transversely disposed inside the fluid channel.

[0018] The sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module includes a rheovis meter, a color sensor, and a pH electrode. A transparent detection window is provided on the side wall of the fluid channel corresponding to the position of the color sensor.

[0019] The respiratory monitoring acoustic array includes an array panel, multiple acoustic pickups, and a filtering circuit.

[0020] Preferably, the main control unit has an on-demand module wake-up scheduling mechanism running internally;

[0021] The main control unit compares the basic physiological data with the physiological baseline data recorded in the storage area. When the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command through the multimodal sensor bus to trigger the airway fluid dynamics sensor module to open.

[0022] When the physical and mechanical data meet the preset second risk condition, the main control unit triggers the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module to start.

[0023] When the physicochemical property data meet the preset third risk condition, the main control unit triggers the respiratory monitoring acoustic array to turn on.

[0024] Preferably, the physical and mechanical data includes transient airway pressure data and reverse flow velocity data;

[0025] The computational region performs differential operations on the transient airway pressure data to calculate the transient rate of change of the transient airway pressure data over time.

[0026] The storage area also pre-stores the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, the flow velocity weighting coefficient, and the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. The calculation area retrieves the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, the flow velocity weighting coefficient, and the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. Based on the product characteristics of the transient change rate and the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, combined with the product characteristics of the reverse flow velocity data and the flow velocity weighting coefficient, mathematical integration is performed within the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window to calculate the reverse airflow impulse prediction index.

[0027] Preferably, a bypass exhaust branch pipe is integrally formed on the outer side wall of the proximal fluid circuit, and the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve is fixedly installed at the open end face of the bypass exhaust branch pipe, and an exhaust port is formed at the open end face.

[0028] The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve includes an electromagnetic drive coil, a return spring, and a sealing valve core. The sealing valve core is made of a magnetically conductive material. The main control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic drive coil.

[0029] The micro-positive pressure generator is equipped with a control terminal and an internal air pump.

[0030] The inner wall of the gas path section is provided with an annular guide groove that communicates with the output end of the micro positive pressure generator.

[0031] Preferably, when the determination result meets the preset intervention conditions, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, causing the electromagnetic drive coil to generate electromagnetic attraction to drive the sealing valve core to overcome the elastic resistance of the reset spring and generate linear displacement, so as to completely open the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe.

[0032] The main control unit synchronously outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro-positive pressure generator; the storage area also pre-stores a buffer servo gain constant and a damping attenuation coefficient; the calculation area retrieves the buffer servo gain constant and the damping attenuation coefficient; the calculation area calculates the difference between the reverse airflow impulse prediction index and the preset anti-surge warning threshold, and multiplies the difference with the buffer servo gain constant, and then combines it with the exponential attenuation parameter term jointly determined by the damping attenuation coefficient and the triggering time of the action execution electrical signal to calculate the dynamic compensation pressure parameter;

[0033] The micro-positive pressure generator adjusts the output power of the internal air pump according to the dynamic compensation pressure parameter, so that the positive pressure value generated by the positive pressure buffer airflow in the air path section is equal to the value of the dynamic compensation pressure parameter.

[0034] Preferably, the negative pressure generating and regulating unit is internally configured with a variable frequency suction pump and an electronically controlled throttle valve. The variable frequency suction pump has an air inlet and a drive motor, the electronically controlled throttle valve has a control end, and the end of the fluid channel has a proximal outlet.

[0035] The air inlet of the variable frequency suction pump is connected to the near-end outlet of the fluid channel through the electronically controlled throttle valve, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the drive motor and the control terminal of the electronically controlled throttle valve.

[0036] Preferably, the physicochemical property data includes shear stress data;

[0037] The storage area also pre-stores the upper limit critical value of the rheological viscosity safety range and the throttling adjustment coefficient; the calculation area calculates the current rheological viscosity value based on the shear stress data mapping; when the current rheological viscosity value is greater than or equal to the upper limit critical value, the calculation area calculates the difference between the current rheological viscosity value and the upper limit critical value, and multiplies the difference by the throttling adjustment coefficient to calculate the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter;

[0038] The main control unit converts the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter into a high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal, and synchronously transmits the high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal to the control terminals of the drive motor and the electronically controlled throttle valve.

[0039] Preferably, the variable frequency suction pump adjusts the operating frequency of the drive motor according to the value of the high frequency reconstructed electrical signal to establish a basic suction negative pressure;

[0040] The electrically controlled throttle valve periodically changes its opening size according to the duty cycle value of the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal, causing the basic suction negative pressure to be converted into a pulsating negative pressure airflow inside the fluid channel;

[0041] The pulsating negative pressure airflow creates a periodically alternating fluid pressure difference inside the fluid channel, applying alternating shear force to the high-viscosity airway secretions inside the fluid channel, causing the high-viscosity airway secretions to undergo rheological yielding after their physical flocculation structure is destroyed.

[0042] A control method for the aforementioned automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system based on negative pressure sensing technology in neurosurgery, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0043] The main control unit controls the basic physiological sign sensing module to collect basic physiological data within a preset time window, and stores the basic physiological data as physiological baseline data in the storage area to execute the benchmark calibration program.

[0044] The main control unit executes the first-level risk warning judgment logic. When the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command to the airway fluid dynamics sensing module to collect physical and mechanical data.

[0045] The main control unit executes the secondary risk warning judgment logic, extracts airway transient pressure data and reverse flow velocity data from the physical and mechanical data, and performs differential and integral operations on the airway transient pressure data by the calculation area to calculate the reverse flow impulse prediction index; when the reverse flow impulse prediction index is less than the preset anti-surge warning threshold, and the pressure value of the airway transient pressure data is greater than the preset pressure safety upper limit threshold, it is determined that the preset second risk condition is met, and a wake-up command is output to the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module to collect physicochemical property data;

[0046] The main control unit executes a three-level risk warning judgment logic. When the physicochemical characteristic data exceeds the corresponding safety range and the preset third risk condition is met, the negative pressure generation and adjustment unit controls the negative pressure output power to reduce and outputs a wake-up command to the respiratory monitoring acoustic array to collect audio data.

[0047] The main control unit executes the level four crisis judgment logic, extracts time-frequency domain features from the audio data through the calculation area to obtain time-frequency domain feature parameters; when the time-frequency domain feature parameters match the failure breathing mode feature template, the power supply circuit of the negative pressure generation and adjustment unit is cut off and an alarm electrical signal is output.

[0048] The main control unit executes the reverse airflow buffer physical intervention logic. When it determines that the preset intervention conditions are met, it outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve to switch it to the fully open state, so that the internal space of the fluid channel is directly connected to the external atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, it outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro positive pressure generator, so that the micro positive pressure generator injects positive pressure buffer airflow into the fluid channel to counteract the backflow air pressure in the fluid channel.

[0049] This invention provides an automated airway secretion clearing and care system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. This invention calculates the reverse airflow impulse prediction index through the main control unit. When the determination result meets the preset intervention conditions, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve to switch it to the fully open state, so that the internal space of the fluid channel is directly connected with the external atmospheric pressure to destroy the original suction sealing state. At the same time, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro positive pressure generator. The positive pressure buffer airflow forms an air film structure on the inner wall surface of the airway section through the annular guide groove, generating a positive fluid thrust inside the fluid channel that is opposite to the reverse backflow air pressure. The above actions together counteract the reverse backflow air pressure inside the fluid channel, blocking the physical path of the rising reverse backflow air pressure inside the fluid channel to mechanically transmit force to the patient's intracranial venous system, and maintaining the fluid pressure balance inside the patient's airway.

[0051] 2. This invention calculates the current rheological viscosity value by collecting shear stress data. When the current rheological viscosity value is greater than or equal to the upper limit critical value, the calculation area calculates the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter and converts it into a high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal. The variable frequency suction pump establishes a basic suction negative pressure. At the same time, the electronically controlled throttle valve periodically changes its opening according to the duty cycle value of the high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal, causing the basic suction negative pressure to be converted into a pulsating negative pressure airflow inside the fluid channel. The pulsating negative pressure airflow uses the periodically alternating fluid pressure difference to apply alternating shear force to the high-viscosity airway secretions, destroying the physical flocculation structure inside the high-viscosity airway secretions, causing the high-viscosity airway secretions to undergo rheological yielding. This reduces the adhesion force between the high-viscosity airway secretions and the inner wall of the fluid channel, avoiding mechanical tearing damage to the patient's airway mucosa.

[0052] 3. The main control unit of the present invention has an on-demand module wake-up scheduling mechanism. The main control unit executes the first-level risk warning judgment logic, the second-level risk warning judgment logic, and the third-level risk warning judgment logic in sequence. When the basic physiological data, physical and mechanical data, and physicochemical property data meet the corresponding preset risk conditions, wake-up commands are output to the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module, and the respiratory monitoring acoustic array level by level. The scheduling mechanism limits the running sequence conditions of the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module, and the respiratory monitoring acoustic array, preventing the above modules from occupying the transmission bandwidth of the multimodal sensing bus when the corresponding pre-risk conditions are not triggered, and reducing the data processing load of the computing area on monitoring data of non-current risk levels. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a system hardware architecture topology diagram of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the macroscopic collaborative control of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the bypass depressurization and dynamic compensation gas film generation mechanism of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial pneumatic control structure of the negative pressure generation and regulation unit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a hardware architecture topology diagram of an automatic airway secretion cleaning and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention. The automatic airway secretion cleaning and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology includes a main architecture.

[0060] The main structure contains a main control unit, which is built using a microcontroller or programmable logic controller and connected to a multimodal sensor bus. The multimodal sensor bus transmits data and instructions from the neurosurgical airway secretion automatic cleaning and nursing system based on negative pressure sensing technology.

[0061] The main structure integrates a negative pressure generation and regulation unit, a suction tubing and operating components, and a sputum collection and processing unit. The suction tubing and operating components have internal fluid channels, including a proximal fluid circuit and an air circuit. The negative pressure generation and regulation unit establishes fluid communication with the suction tubing and operating components to provide a negative pressure source for them. The suction tubing and operating components also establish fluid communication with the sputum collection and processing unit, allowing the sputum collection and processing unit to receive and store the fluid material discharged from the suction tubing and operating components. The sputum collection and processing unit integrates a self-cleaning component. The main control unit is electrically connected to the negative pressure generation and regulation unit via a multimodal sensor bus.

[0062] The main structure is internally equipped with a bypass solenoid pressure relief valve and a micro-positive pressure generator. The bypass solenoid pressure relief valve is installed on the proximal fluid circuit. When the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve is in the open state, it connects the suction tubing and the internal components of the operating assembly to the external atmospheric pressure. The output end of the micro-positive pressure generator is connected to the airway section, and the micro-positive pressure generator is used to generate positive pressure buffered airflow. The main control unit is electrically connected to both the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve and the micro-positive pressure generator to control the opening and closing of the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve and the airflow output status of the micro-positive pressure generator.

[0063] The multimodal sensing bus is connected to a basic physiological sign sensing module, an airway fluid dynamics sensing module, a sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and a respiratory monitoring acoustic array. The basic physiological sign sensing module is configured at the corresponding position on the patient's body surface, the airway fluid dynamics sensing module and the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module are configured in series inside the fluid channel, and the respiratory monitoring acoustic array is configured near the outside of the patient's airway.

[0064] The main control unit receives basic physiological data collected by the basic physiological signs sensing module, physical and mechanical data collected by the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, physical and chemical properties data collected by the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and audio data collected by the respiratory monitoring acoustic array via a multimodal sensing bus.

[0065] The main control unit includes a storage area and a computing area. The storage area pre-stores preset first risk conditions, preset second risk conditions, preset third risk conditions, and preset intervention conditions, and is used to store subsequently generated physiological baseline data. The computing area processes basic physiological data, physical and mechanical data, physicochemical property data, and audio data, and outputs action execution electrical signals to the negative pressure generation and regulation unit, bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and micro-positive pressure generator based on the processing results.

[0066] After the neurosurgical airway secretion automatic cleaning and nursing system based on negative pressure sensing technology is started, it executes the baseline calibration procedure. The main control unit controls the basic physiological sign sensing module to turn on and records the basic physiological data within the preset time window, storing the basic physiological data as physiological baseline data in the storage area.

[0067] The main control unit compares the basic physiological data with the physiological baseline data. When the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it triggers the airway fluid dynamics sensing module to start. Then, when the physical dynamics data meets the preset second risk condition, it triggers the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module to start. Subsequently, when the physicochemical properties data meets the preset third risk condition, it triggers the respiratory monitoring acoustic array to start.

[0068] When the judgment result meets the preset intervention conditions, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve to cut off the negative pressure, and simultaneously outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro positive pressure generator, so that the micro positive pressure generator injects positive pressure buffer airflow into the fluid channel to counteract the backflow air pressure in the fluid channel. After the cleaning process is completed, the main control unit controls the self-cleaning component of the sputum collection and treatment unit to perform its internally set cleaning action.

[0069] See attached document Figure 1 The multimodal sensing bus is connected to a basic physiological sign sensing module, an airway fluid dynamics sensing module, a sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and a respiratory monitoring acoustic array.

[0070] The basic physiological sign sensing module includes a blood oxygen probe and a heart rate sensor. The blood oxygen probe and heart rate sensor are independently connected to the multimodal sensing bus. The blood oxygen probe is positioned on the patient's fingertip and collects blood oxygen concentration data from the patient's peripheral blood. The heart rate sensor is positioned on the patient's chest and collects heart rate data from the patient's heartbeat. The blood oxygen concentration data and heart rate data are combined and packaged by the basic physiological sign sensing module to form basic physiological data.

[0071] The airway fluid dynamics sensing module includes an airway pressure sensor and a gas flow sensor. The airway pressure sensor is embedded and fixed on the side wall of the fluid channel, and the probe end face of the airway pressure sensor is flush with the inner wall of the fluid channel to collect transient airway pressure data inside the fluid channel. The gas flow sensor is cross-shaped inside the fluid channel to collect reverse flow velocity data of the fluid substance inside the fluid channel. The transient airway pressure data and reverse flow velocity data are synchronously output as physical and mechanical data by the airway fluid dynamics sensing module.

[0072] The sputum physicochemical property monitoring module includes a rheoviscometer, a color sensor, and a pH electrode, which are arranged sequentially and at intervals along the axial direction of the fluid channel. Specifically, the rheoviscometer collects the shear stress data of the fluid flowing through the fluid channel. A transparent detection window is provided on the side wall of the fluid channel corresponding to the position of the color sensor. The color sensor collects the optical reflectance spectrum data of the fluid through the transparent detection window. The detection end of the pH electrode extends into the fluid channel and contacts the fluid to collect the hydrogen ion concentration data of the fluid. The shear stress data, optical reflectance spectrum data, and hydrogen ion concentration data are combined by the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module to generate physicochemical property data.

[0073] The respiratory monitoring acoustic array includes an array panel, multiple acoustic pickups, and a filtering circuit. The multiple acoustic pickups are arranged on the array panel at a preset interval, and the entire respiratory monitoring acoustic array is positioned close to the outside of the patient's airway. The multiple acoustic pickups synchronously collect mechanical vibration sound wave data from the outside of the patient's airway. The mechanical vibration sound wave data is processed by the filtering circuit to generate audio data.

[0074] The main control unit reads basic physiological data, physical and mechanical data, physicochemical property data and audio data through a multimodal sensor bus, and stores the basic physiological data, physical and mechanical data, physicochemical property data and audio data into the storage area in the order of timestamps.

[0075] See attached document Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a macroscopic collaborative control flowchart of a neurosurgical airway secretion automatic clearing and nursing system based on negative pressure sensing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention. After the main control unit stores basic physiological data, physical and mechanical data, physicochemical property data and audio data into the storage area in the order of timestamps, the computing area in the main control unit executes the macroscopic airway clearing collaborative control process based on the data in the storage area. The storage area is pre-configured with preset time windows, first preset blood oxygen concentration fluctuation threshold, first preset heart rate fluctuation threshold, pressure change rate weighting coefficient, flow rate weighting coefficient, anti-surge warning threshold, pressure safety upper limit threshold, rheological viscosity safety range, normal spectral band range, physiological pH range, failure respiratory mode characteristic template, buffer servo gain constant and damping attenuation coefficient. The storage area is synchronously mapped with preset first risk conditions, preset second risk conditions, preset third risk conditions and preset intervention conditions.

[0076] S100, the main control unit executes the benchmark calibration program to establish physiological baseline data. Specifically, the main control unit controls the basic physiological sign sensing module to start running and retrieves the preset time window stored in the storage area to collect basic physiological data within the preset time window. Then, the calculation area performs mean filtering on the basic physiological data within the preset time window to generate physiological baseline data. The physiological baseline data includes the mean blood oxygen concentration and the mean heart rate. For the specific algorithm implementation of mean filtering, those skilled in the art can use the moving average filtering algorithm or the weighted average filtering algorithm. The principle of mean filtering is a well-known technology in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0077] S200, the main control unit executes the first-level risk warning judgment logic. The main control unit reads the basic physiological data collected by the basic physiological sign sensor module in real time. The basic physiological data includes blood oxygen concentration data and heart rate data. The calculation area calculates the blood oxygen difference by subtracting the blood oxygen concentration data from the average blood oxygen concentration data, and calculates the heart rate difference by subtracting the heart rate data from the average heart rate data. When the blood oxygen difference exceeds the first preset blood oxygen concentration fluctuation threshold stored in the storage area, and the heart rate difference exceeds the first preset heart rate fluctuation threshold stored in the storage area, the main control unit determines that the preset first risk condition is met. The preset first risk condition indicates that the patient has a mild hypoxia state. When the preset first risk condition is met, the main control unit outputs a wake-up command to the airway fluid dynamics sensor module.

[0078] In S300, the main control unit executes the secondary risk warning judgment logic. After receiving the wake-up command, the airway fluid dynamics sensor module starts running and collects physical and mechanical data, including airway transient pressure data and reverse flow velocity data. The calculation area calculates the reverse airflow impulse prediction index based on the airway transient pressure data and reverse flow velocity data. The calculation formula for the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, This represents the reverse airflow impulse prediction index. Indicates the start time of the integration data collection. This indicates the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. express The pressure values ​​of transient airway pressure data at any given time. This represents the transient rate of change of airway transient pressure data over time. express The velocity values ​​of the reverse flow velocity data at any given time. This represents the weighting coefficient for the pre-stored pressure change rate within the storage area. This represents the pre-stored flow rate weighting coefficient within the storage area. When the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is greater than or equal to the pre-stored anti-surge warning threshold within the storage area, the main control unit determines that the preset intervention condition is met. When the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is less than the anti-surge warning threshold, and the pressure value of the airway transient pressure data is greater than the pre-stored pressure safety upper limit threshold within the storage area, the main control unit determines that the preset second risk condition is met. The preset second risk condition indicates that there is physical blockage inside the fluid channel. When the preset second risk condition is met, the main control unit outputs a wake-up command to the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module.

[0081] S400: The main control unit executes a three-level risk warning judgment logic. After receiving the wake-up command, the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module starts running to collect physicochemical property data, including shear stress data, optical reflectance spectrum data, and hydrogen ion concentration data. The calculation area compares the shear stress data, optical reflectance spectrum data, and hydrogen ion concentration data with the pre-stored rheological viscosity safety range, normal spectral band range, and physiological pH range in the storage area. When the shear stress data, optical reflectance spectrum data, or hydrogen ion concentration data exceeds the corresponding safety range, the main control unit determines that the preset third risk condition is met. When the preset third risk condition is met, the main control unit controls the negative pressure generation and adjustment unit to reduce the negative pressure output power and outputs a wake-up command to the respiratory monitoring acoustic array. For the motor frequency conversion control method for adjusting the negative pressure output power, those skilled in the art can use a proportional-integral-derivative closed-loop control algorithm. The motor frequency conversion drive control principle is a well-known technology in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0082] S500: The main control unit executes the level four crisis judgment logic. After receiving the wake-up command, the respiratory monitoring acoustic array starts running and collects audio data. The calculation area extracts time-frequency domain features from the audio data and compares the extracted time-frequency domain features with the pre-stored failure respiratory pattern feature template in the storage area. When the time-frequency domain features of the audio data match the failure respiratory pattern feature template, the main control unit cuts off the power supply circuit of the negative pressure generation and regulation unit and outputs an alarm electrical signal.

[0083] S600: The main control unit executes the reverse airflow buffer physical intervention logic. When the preset intervention conditions are met, the main control unit outputs an action execution signal to the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve. After receiving the action execution signal, the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve switches to the fully open state, allowing the internal space of the fluid channel to be directly connected to the external atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, the main control unit outputs an action execution signal to the micro-positive pressure generator. After receiving the action execution signal, the micro-positive pressure generator starts to inject positive pressure buffer airflow into the air path of the fluid channel. The calculation area is based on the difference between the reverse airflow impulse prediction index and the anti-surge warning threshold to calculate the dynamic compensation pressure parameter. The calculation formula for the dynamic compensation pressure parameter is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, express Dynamic compensation pressure parameters at any given time. This represents the buffer servo gain constant pre-stored within the storage area. Indicates the reverse airflow impulse prediction index; Indicates the threshold for preventing a surge in cases. Indicates the trigger time of the electrical signal for the action execution. This indicates the damping attenuation coefficient pre-stored within the storage area. The micro-positive pressure generator outputs positive pressure buffer airflow based on the dynamic compensation pressure parameters. The positive pressure buffer airflow counteracts the reverse backflow pressure inside the fluid channel, thereby blocking the path of mechanical force transmission from the reverse backflow pressure to the patient's intracranial venous system.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] See attached document Figure 2 During the process of executing the macroscopic airway clearance collaborative control process based on the data in the storage area in the computing area of ​​the main control unit, the main control unit runs a module wake-up scheduling mechanism on demand. After completing the benchmark calibration program, the main control unit continuously outputs power supply signals to the basic physiological sign sensing module, so that the basic physiological sign sensing module maintains the normally open operation state and continuously occupies the transmission bandwidth of the multimodal sensing bus in the normally open operation state to continuously transmit basic physiological data to the main control unit.

[0088] If the main control unit does not determine that the preset first risk condition is met, it cuts off the power supply circuits of the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and the respiratory monitoring acoustic array, thus keeping these modules in a normally closed standby state. This physically severs the data interaction connection between these modules and the multimodal sensor bus.

[0089] When the main control unit determines that the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command to the airway fluid dynamics sensing module through the multimodal sensing bus and closes the power supply circuit of the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, so that the airway fluid dynamics sensing module switches from the normally closed standby state to the open running state after receiving the wake-up command, and then collects physical and mechanical data in the open running state.

[0090] When the main control unit determines that the physical and mechanical data meet the preset second risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command to the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module through the multimodal sensor bus and closes the power supply circuit of the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module. This causes the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module to switch from the normally closed standby state to the open running state after receiving the wake-up command, and then collect physicochemical property data in the open running state.

[0091] When the main control unit determines that the physicochemical property data meets the preset third risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command to the respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the multimodal sensor bus and closes the power supply circuit of the respiratory monitoring acoustic array, so that the respiratory monitoring acoustic array switches from the normally closed standby state to the open running state after receiving the wake-up command, and then collects audio data in the open running state.

[0092] The main control unit limits the runtime timing conditions of the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the execution module on-demand wake-up scheduling mechanism. This prevents the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and respiratory monitoring acoustic array from occupying the transmission bandwidth of the multimodal sensing bus when the corresponding pre-risk conditions are not triggered, and reduces the data processing load of the computing area on monitoring data of non-current risk levels.

[0093] During the process of the main control unit limiting the operating sequence conditions of the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and the respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the execution module on-demand wake-up scheduling mechanism, the main control unit executes the benchmark calibration procedure to establish physiological baseline data.

[0094] The main control unit controls the basic physiological sign sensing module to start operation and retrieves a preset time window stored in the storage area. This allows the basic physiological sign sensing module to collect basic physiological data within the preset time window. The basic physiological data includes blood oxygen concentration data and heart rate data, which contain high-frequency noise. The calculation area performs mean filtering on the blood oxygen concentration data and heart rate data collected within the preset time window to remove the high-frequency noise data, thereby generating physiological baseline data that includes the mean blood oxygen concentration and the mean heart rate. The main control unit writes the physiological baseline data into the storage area.

[0095] After establishing physiological baseline data, the main control unit executes the first-level risk warning judgment logic. Specifically, the main control unit reads the basic physiological data collected by the basic physiological sign sensor module in real time, extracts the blood oxygen concentration data and heart rate data contained in the basic physiological data in the calculation area, and reads the physiological baseline data in the storage area. Then, it calculates the blood oxygen difference by subtracting the blood oxygen concentration data from the mean blood oxygen concentration, and simultaneously calculates the heart rate difference by subtracting the mean heart rate from the heart rate data.

[0096] The calculation area compares the blood oxygen difference with the first preset blood oxygen concentration fluctuation threshold stored in the storage area, and compares the heart rate difference with the first preset heart rate fluctuation threshold stored in the storage area. When the blood oxygen difference is greater than the first preset blood oxygen concentration fluctuation threshold and the heart rate difference is greater than the first preset heart rate fluctuation threshold, the main control unit determines that the preset first risk condition is met. The preset first risk condition indicates that the patient has a mild hypoxia. When the blood oxygen difference is less than or equal to the first preset blood oxygen concentration fluctuation threshold, or the heart rate difference is less than or equal to the first preset heart rate fluctuation threshold, the main control unit maintains the basic physiological sign sensing module in a constantly open state and repeatedly executes the step of reading basic physiological data and comparing values ​​in real time.

[0097] When the main control unit determines that the preset first risk condition is met, it outputs a wake-up command to the airway fluid dynamics sensing module through the multimodal sensing bus. After receiving the wake-up command, the airway fluid dynamics sensing module switches from the normally closed standby state to the open running state, and then collects physical and mechanical data in the open running state to provide a data basis for the secondary risk warning judgment logic.

[0098] See attached document Figure 2 After receiving a wake-up command, the airway fluid dynamics sensing module switches from a normally closed standby state to an open operating state. In this open operating state, it collects physical and mechanical data to provide the data foundation for the secondary risk warning judgment logic. During this process, the computing area within the main control unit executes the secondary risk warning judgment logic. The computing area extracts transient airway pressure data and reverse flow velocity data from the physical and mechanical data. The transient airway pressure data characterizes the high-frequency negative pressure waveform characteristics inside the fluid channel, while the reverse flow velocity data characterizes the fluid dynamics characteristics inside the fluid channel. The computing area retrieves preset sampling frequencies and data stored in the storage area. The width of the high-frequency acquisition time window is set, and based on the preset sampling frequency and the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window, transient airway pressure data and reverse flow velocity data within the high-frequency acquisition time window are extracted. The calculation area performs differential operations on the extracted transient airway pressure data to calculate the transient rate of change of the transient airway pressure data over time. The calculation area retrieves the pressure change rate weighting coefficient and flow velocity weighting coefficient pre-stored in the storage area. Based on the transient rate of change, reverse flow velocity data, pressure change rate weighting coefficient, and flow velocity weighting coefficient, the calculation area calculates the reverse airflow impulse prediction index. The calculation formula for the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, This represents the reverse airflow impulse prediction index. Indicates the start time of the integration data collection. This indicates the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. express The pressure values ​​of transient airway pressure data at any given time. This represents the transient rate of change of airway transient pressure data over time. express The velocity values ​​of the reverse flow velocity data at any given time. This represents the weighting coefficient for the rate of change of pressure. This represents the flow rate weighting coefficient. The calculation area retrieves the pre-stored anti-surge warning threshold and pressure safety upper limit threshold from the storage area. The calculation area compares the reverse airflow impulse prediction index with the anti-surge warning threshold. When the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is greater than or equal to the anti-surge warning threshold, the main control unit determines that the preset intervention condition is met. When the reverse airflow impulse prediction index is less than the anti-surge warning threshold, and the pressure value of the transient pressure data of the airway is greater than the pressure safety upper limit threshold, the main control unit determines that the preset second risk condition is met. The preset second risk condition indicates that there is a physical blockage inside the fluid channel. When the reverse airflow impulse... When the predicted airway pressure index is less than the surge warning threshold and the transient airway pressure data is less than or equal to the upper limit of the pressure safety threshold, the main control unit maintains the airway fluid dynamics sensing module in operation and repeatedly executes the step of collecting physical and mechanical data and comparing the values. When the main control unit determines that the preset second risk condition is met, it outputs a wake-up command to the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module through the multimodal sensor bus. After receiving the wake-up command, the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module switches from the normally closed standby state to the open operation state, and then collects physicochemical property data in the open operation state, providing a data basis for the three-level risk warning judgment logic.

[0101] See attached document Figure 2 After the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module receives the wake-up command, it switches from the normally closed standby state to the open running state. Then, in the open running state, it collects physicochemical property data to provide a data basis for the three-level risk warning judgment logic. During this process, the computing area in the main control unit executes the three-level risk warning judgment logic.

[0102] The computational domain extracts shear stress data, optical reflectance spectrum data, and hydrogen ion concentration data from the physicochemical property data. It also retrieves the pre-stored rheological viscosity safe range, normal spectral band range, and physiological pH range from the storage region. Then, the computational domain compares the shear stress data with the rheological viscosity safe range, the optical reflectance spectrum data with the normal spectral band range, and the hydrogen ion concentration data with the physiological pH range.

[0103] When the shear stress data exceeds the safe range of rheological viscosity, or the optical reflectance spectral data exceeds the normal spectral band range, or the hydrogen ion concentration data exceeds the physiological pH range, the main control unit determines that the preset third risk condition is met. When the shear stress data is within the safe range of rheological viscosity, the optical reflectance spectral data is within the normal spectral band range, and the hydrogen ion concentration data is within the physiological pH range, the main control unit maintains the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module in operation and repeatedly executes the step of extracting physicochemical property data and comparing the values.

[0104] When the main control unit determines that the preset third risk condition is met, it controls the negative pressure generation and regulation unit to reduce the negative pressure output power and simultaneously outputs a wake-up command to the respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the multimodal sensor bus. After receiving the wake-up command, the respiratory monitoring acoustic array switches from the normally closed standby state to the open running state, and then collects audio data in the open running state to provide a data basis for the level four crisis determination logic.

[0105] During the process of acquiring audio data by the respiratory monitoring acoustic array, the main control unit executes the level four crisis judgment logic. Specifically, the calculation area reads the audio data and performs time-frequency domain feature extraction on the audio data to obtain the time-frequency domain feature parameters of the audio data. Among them, the time-frequency domain feature parameters include the sound wave amplitude feature value and the sound frequency peak feature value. Then, the calculation area retrieves the failure respiratory pattern feature template pre-stored in the storage area and performs feature matching and comparison between the time-frequency domain feature parameters and the failure respiratory pattern feature template.

[0106] When the time-frequency domain characteristic parameters of the audio data match the characteristic template of the respiratory failure mode, the main control unit cuts off the power supply circuit of the negative pressure generation and regulation unit and outputs an alarm signal. When the time-frequency domain characteristic parameters of the audio data do not match the characteristic template of the respiratory failure mode, the main control unit maintains the operation of the respiratory monitoring acoustic array and repeatedly executes the steps of extracting audio data and matching and comparing features.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the bypass pressure relief and dynamic compensation gas film generation mechanism. When the main control unit determines that the preset intervention conditions are met, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the fluid channel performs a physical pressure relief action to connect with the external atmosphere.

[0109] An integrally formed bypass exhaust branch pipe is formed on the outer side wall of the proximal fluid circuit, and the internal cavity of the bypass exhaust branch pipe is fluidly connected with the fluid channel inside the proximal fluid circuit. The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve is fixedly installed at the open end face of the bypass exhaust branch pipe, and an exhaust port is formed at the open end face. The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve includes an electromagnetic drive coil, a return spring, and a sealing valve core. The sealing valve core is made of magnetic material. The main control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic drive coil. Under the elastic pushing force of the return spring, the sealing valve core presses against the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe to maintain the physical sealing isolation between the inside of the fluid channel and the external atmospheric pressure.

[0110] The main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the electromagnetic drive coil, causing the electromagnetic drive coil to generate an electromagnetic attraction force after receiving the action execution electrical signal. The electromagnetic attraction force acts on the sealing valve core, and the value of the electromagnetic attraction force is greater than the elastic resistance of the return spring. As a result, the sealing valve core overcomes the elastic resistance of the return spring under the action of the electromagnetic attraction force and generates a linear displacement in the direction away from the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe.

[0111] The linear displacement of the sealing valve core causes the bypass solenoid pressure relief valve to switch to the fully open state, so as to fully open the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe. The internal space of the fluid channel is directly connected to the external atmospheric pressure through the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe. The external atmospheric pressure enters the fluid channel through the bypass exhaust branch pipe, thereby causing the pressure value inside the fluid channel to rise to a value equal to the external atmospheric pressure.

[0112] The entry of external atmospheric pressure disrupts the original suction seal between the fluid channel and the negative pressure generation and regulation unit inside the suction tubing and operating components. As a result, the fluid channel loses the physical seal that allows it to continue maintaining negative pressure suction, thereby blocking the physical path through which the rising reverse backpressure in the fluid channel transmits mechanical force to the patient's intracranial venous system.

[0113] See attached document Figure 3 During the process of mechanically transmitting the rising reverse backpressure within the fluid channel to the patient's intracranial venous system, the main control unit simultaneously outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro-positive pressure generator. The calculation area retrieves the pre-stored buffer servo gain constant and damping attenuation coefficient from the storage area and reads the trigger time of the action execution electrical signal output by the main control unit. Then, based on the difference between the reverse airflow impulse prediction index and the anti-surge warning threshold, combined with the buffer servo gain constant, damping attenuation coefficient, and trigger time, the calculation area calculates the dynamic compensation pressure parameter. The formula for calculating the dynamic compensation pressure parameter is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, express Dynamic compensation pressure parameters at any given time. This represents the buffer servo gain constant pre-stored within the storage area. This represents the reverse airflow impulse prediction index. This indicates the pre-stored anti-surge warning threshold within the storage area. Indicates the trigger time of the electrical signal for the action execution. This represents the pre-stored damping attenuation coefficient within the storage area. The damping attenuation coefficient is used to quantify the physical dissipation time sequence of the natural decay of the reverse backwash pressure within the fluid channel over time. The micro-positive pressure generator is internally configured with a control terminal, an internal air pump, and an output terminal. Simultaneously, when the micro-positive pressure generator receives an action execution electrical signal and starts operation, the main control unit converts the dynamic compensation pressure parameters into a servo drive electrical signal and inputs this signal to the control terminal of the micro-positive pressure generator. The micro-positive pressure generator adjusts the output power of the internal air pump according to the servo drive electrical signal to output a positive pressure buffered airflow through the output terminal. This ensures that the positive pressure value generated by the positive pressure buffered airflow within the air path is equal to the value of the dynamic compensation pressure parameter. The output terminal of the micro-positive pressure generator is connected to the air path within the fluid channel to continuously inject the positive pressure buffered airflow into the fluid. In the airway section inside the body channel, to allow the positive pressure buffered airflow to flow along the wall, an annular guide groove connected to the output end is opened circumferentially on the inner wall of the airway section. The positive pressure buffered airflow forms an air film structure with a dynamic pressure gradient on the inner wall surface of the airway section through the annular guide groove. The positive pressure value inside the air film structure decreases exponentially over time, and the decrease process of the positive pressure value inside the air film structure is synchronized with the physical dissipation sequence of the reverse backflow pressure inside the fluid channel. The positive pressure buffered airflow generates a positive fluid thrust inside the fluid channel that is opposite to the direction of the reverse backflow pressure, so as to use the positive fluid thrust to counteract the reverse backflow pressure inside the fluid channel. The continuous injection of the positive pressure buffered airflow, together with the fully open state of the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, weakens the mechanical force transmission effect generated inside the fluid channel, thereby maintaining the fluid pressure balance inside the patient's airway.

[0116] See attached document Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local pneumatic control structure of the negative pressure generation and regulation unit. During the process of the main control unit controlling the negative pressure generation and regulation unit to reduce the negative pressure output power, the main control unit simultaneously performs a local negative pressure reconstruction operation that adapts to the properties of sputum.

[0117] The negative pressure generation and regulation unit is equipped with a variable frequency suction pump and an electronically controlled throttle valve. The variable frequency suction pump has an air inlet and a drive motor, and the electronically controlled throttle valve has a control end. The end of the fluid channel has a near-end outlet. The air inlet of the variable frequency suction pump is connected to the near-end outlet of the fluid channel through the electronically controlled throttle valve. The main control unit is electrically connected to the drive motor and the control end respectively.

[0118] The computational region reads the pre-stored shear stress data and rheological viscosity safety range from the storage region, and calculates the current rheological viscosity value based on the shear stress data. Then, the computational region extracts the upper limit critical value of the rheological viscosity safety range. When the current rheological viscosity value is greater than or equal to the upper limit critical value, the computational region calculates the difference between the current rheological viscosity value and the upper limit critical value, and retrieves the pre-stored throttling adjustment coefficient from the storage region. The difference is multiplied by the throttling adjustment coefficient to calculate the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter. When the current rheological viscosity value is less than the upper limit critical value, the main control unit maintains the variable frequency suction pump to perform constant suction according to the reduced negative pressure output power.

[0119] The main control unit converts the target reconstructed duty cycle parameter into a high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal, and synchronously transmits the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal to the drive motor and the control terminal.

[0120] The variable frequency suction pump receives a high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal and adjusts the operating frequency of the drive motor according to the value of the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal to establish a basic suction negative pressure. At the same time, the electronically controlled throttle valve receives the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal and periodically changes the opening of the electronically controlled throttle valve according to the duty cycle value of the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal to periodically change the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the fluid channel.

[0121] The periodic change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid channel caused by the electronically controlled throttle valve causes the basic suction negative pressure to be converted into a pulsating negative pressure airflow inside the fluid channel. This creates a periodically alternating fluid pressure difference inside the fluid channel. The periodically alternating fluid pressure difference applies alternating shear force to the high-viscosity airway secretions inside the fluid channel, thereby destroying the physical flocculation structure inside the high-viscosity airway secretions. After the physical flocculation structure is destroyed, the high-viscosity airway secretions undergo a rheological yielding phenomenon, changing from an elastic state to a flow state. This reduces the adhesion force between the high-viscosity airway secretions and the inner wall of the fluid channel.

[0122] Local negative pressure remodeling utilizes the alternating shear force of pulsating negative pressure airflow to achieve electromechanical coordination between physical expectoration and suction action. This avoids the mechanical tearing damage to the patient's airway mucosa caused by using continuous constant high pressure suction to remove high-viscosity airway secretions, thus maintaining the integrity of the airway tissue structure.

[0123] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automated airway secretion clearing and care system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology, characterized in that: Including the main structure; The main structure is equipped with a main control unit, and integrates a negative pressure generation and regulation unit, a suction tubing and operating components, and a sputum collection and processing unit. The main structure is also equipped with a bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve and a micro-positive pressure generator. The main control unit is connected to a multimodal sensor bus; The suction tubing and operating components are provided with a fluid channel, which includes a proximal fluid circuit and an airway section. The negative pressure generating and regulating unit is in fluid communication with the suction tubing and operating components, the suction tubing and operating components are in fluid communication with the sputum collection and processing unit, and the sputum collection and processing unit is equipped with a self-cleaning component. The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve is installed on the proximal fluid circuit. The micro positive pressure generator has an output end, and the output end of the micro positive pressure generator is connected to the gas path section. The micro positive pressure generator is used to generate positive pressure buffered airflow. The main control unit is electrically connected to the negative pressure generating and regulating unit, the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve and the micro positive pressure generator respectively; The multimodal sensing bus is connected to a basic physiological sign sensing module, an airway fluid dynamics sensing module, a sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module, and a respiratory monitoring acoustic array. The airway fluid dynamics sensing module and the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module are connected in series inside the fluid channel. The main control unit includes a storage area and a computing area. The main control unit receives basic physiological data collected by the basic physiological sign sensing module, physical and mechanical data collected by the airway fluid dynamics sensing module, physical and chemical property data collected by the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module, and audio data collected by the respiratory monitoring acoustic array through the multimodal sensing bus.

2. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic physiological sign sensing module includes a blood oxygen probe and a heart rate sensor. The airway fluid dynamics sensing module includes an airway pressure sensor and a gas flow sensor. The airway pressure sensor is embedded and fixed on the side wall of the fluid channel, and the gas flow sensor is transversely disposed inside the fluid channel. The sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module includes a rheovis meter, a color sensor, and a pH electrode. A transparent detection window is provided on the side wall of the fluid channel corresponding to the position of the color sensor. The respiratory monitoring acoustic array includes an array panel, multiple acoustic pickups, and a filtering circuit.

3. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control unit has an on-demand module wake-up scheduling mechanism running internally. The main control unit compares the basic physiological data with the physiological baseline data recorded in the storage area. When the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command through the multimodal sensor bus to trigger the airway fluid dynamics sensor module to open. When the physical and mechanical data meet the preset second risk condition, the main control unit triggers the sputum physicochemical properties monitoring module to start. When the physicochemical property data meet the preset third risk condition, the main control unit triggers the respiratory monitoring acoustic array to turn on.

4. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical and mechanical data includes transient airway pressure data and reverse flow velocity data; The computational region performs differential operations on the transient airway pressure data to calculate the transient rate of change of the transient airway pressure data over time. The storage area also pre-stores the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, the flow velocity weighting coefficient, and the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. The calculation area retrieves the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, the flow velocity weighting coefficient, and the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window. Based on the product characteristics of the transient change rate and the pressure change rate weighting coefficient, combined with the product characteristics of the reverse flow velocity data and the flow velocity weighting coefficient, mathematical integration is performed within the width of the high-frequency acquisition time window to calculate the reverse airflow impulse prediction index.

5. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: A bypass exhaust branch pipe is integrally formed on the outer side wall of the proximal fluid circuit. The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve is fixedly installed at the opening end face of the bypass exhaust branch pipe, and an exhaust port is formed at the opening end face. The bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve includes an electromagnetic drive coil, a return spring, and a sealing valve core. The sealing valve core is made of a magnetically conductive material. The main control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic drive coil. The micro-positive pressure generator is equipped with a control terminal and an internal air pump. The inner wall of the gas path section is provided with an annular guide groove that communicates with the output end of the micro positive pressure generator.

6. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the judgment result meets the preset intervention conditions, the main control unit outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve, causing the electromagnetic drive coil to generate electromagnetic attraction to drive the sealing valve core to overcome the elastic resistance of the reset spring and generate linear displacement, so as to fully open the exhaust port of the bypass exhaust branch pipe. The main control unit synchronously outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro-positive pressure generator; the storage area also pre-stores a buffer servo gain constant and a damping attenuation coefficient; the calculation area retrieves the buffer servo gain constant and the damping attenuation coefficient; the calculation area calculates the difference between the reverse airflow impulse prediction index and the preset anti-surge warning threshold, and multiplies the difference with the buffer servo gain constant, and then combines it with the exponential attenuation parameter term jointly determined by the damping attenuation coefficient and the triggering time of the action execution electrical signal to calculate the dynamic compensation pressure parameter; The micro-positive pressure generator adjusts the output power of the internal air pump according to the dynamic compensation pressure parameter, so that the positive pressure value generated by the positive pressure buffer airflow in the air path section is equal to the value of the dynamic compensation pressure parameter.

7. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure generating and regulating unit is equipped with a variable frequency suction pump and an electronically controlled throttle valve. The variable frequency suction pump has an air inlet and a drive motor, the electronically controlled throttle valve has a control end, and the end of the fluid channel has a proximal outlet. The air inlet of the variable frequency suction pump is connected to the near-end outlet of the fluid channel through the electronically controlled throttle valve, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the drive motor and the control terminal of the electronically controlled throttle valve.

8. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The physicochemical property data includes shear stress data; The storage area also pre-stores the upper limit critical value of the rheological viscosity safety range and the throttling adjustment coefficient; the calculation area calculates the current rheological viscosity value based on the shear stress data mapping; when the current rheological viscosity value is greater than or equal to the upper limit critical value, the calculation area calculates the difference between the current rheological viscosity value and the upper limit critical value, and multiplies the difference by the throttling adjustment coefficient to calculate the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter; The main control unit converts the target reconstruction duty cycle parameter into a high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal, and synchronously transmits the high-frequency reconstruction electrical signal to the control terminals of the drive motor and the electronically controlled throttle valve.

9. The automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system for neurosurgery based on negative pressure sensing technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The variable frequency suction pump adjusts the operating frequency of the drive motor according to the value of the high frequency reconstructed electrical signal in order to establish a basic suction negative pressure. The electrically controlled throttle valve periodically changes its opening size according to the duty cycle value of the high-frequency reconstructed electrical signal, causing the basic suction negative pressure to be converted into a pulsating negative pressure airflow inside the fluid channel; The pulsating negative pressure airflow creates a periodically alternating fluid pressure difference inside the fluid channel, applying alternating shear force to the high-viscosity airway secretions inside the fluid channel, causing the high-viscosity airway secretions to undergo rheological yielding after their physical flocculation structure is destroyed.

10. A control method for an automatic airway secretion clearing and nursing system based on negative pressure sensing technology in neurosurgery, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The main control unit controls the basic physiological sign sensing module to collect basic physiological data within a preset time window, and stores the basic physiological data as physiological baseline data in the storage area to execute the benchmark calibration program. The main control unit executes the first-level risk warning judgment logic. When the basic physiological data meets the preset first risk condition, it outputs a wake-up command to the airway fluid dynamics sensing module to collect physical and mechanical data. The main control unit executes the secondary risk warning judgment logic, extracts airway transient pressure data and reverse flow velocity data from the physical and mechanical data, and performs differential and integral operations on the airway transient pressure data by the calculation area to calculate the reverse flow impulse prediction index; when the reverse flow impulse prediction index is less than the preset anti-surge warning threshold, and the pressure value of the airway transient pressure data is greater than the preset pressure safety upper limit threshold, it is determined that the preset second risk condition is met, and a wake-up command is output to the sputum physicochemical property monitoring module to collect physicochemical property data; The main control unit executes a three-level risk warning judgment logic. When the physicochemical characteristic data exceeds the corresponding safety range and the preset third risk condition is met, the negative pressure generation and adjustment unit controls the negative pressure output power to reduce and outputs a wake-up command to the respiratory monitoring acoustic array to collect audio data. The main control unit executes the level four crisis judgment logic, extracts time-frequency domain features from the audio data through the calculation area to obtain time-frequency domain feature parameters; when the time-frequency domain feature parameters match the failure breathing mode feature template, the power supply circuit of the negative pressure generation and adjustment unit is cut off and an alarm electrical signal is output. The main control unit executes the reverse airflow buffer physical intervention logic. When it determines that the preset intervention conditions are met, it outputs an action execution electrical signal to the bypass electromagnetic pressure relief valve to switch it to the fully open state, so that the internal space of the fluid channel is directly connected to the external atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, it outputs an action execution electrical signal to the micro positive pressure generator, so that the micro positive pressure generator injects positive pressure buffer airflow into the fluid channel to counteract the backflow air pressure in the fluid channel.

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