Heavy metal pollution weak agglomeration soil particle cyclone crushing sorting classifier and system

Abstract

This invention relates to a cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device and system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals. The device includes: a cyclone crushing chamber with a feed inlet and a backwash inlet on its side; a cyclone classifying chamber concentrically arranged within the crushing chamber, comprising a cylindrical chamber and a conical chamber; a tangential guide chamber disposed between the outer side of the cylindrical chamber and the inner wall of the crushing chamber, the tangential guide chamber being tangentially positioned along the cylindrical chamber; a rectangular tangential inlet disposed between the outer side of the cylindrical chamber and the inner wall of the crushing chamber, the width of the rectangular tangential inlet being equal to the distance between the outer wall of the cylindrical chamber and the inner wall of the crushing chamber; a bottom flow pipe connected to the lower end of the cyclone classifying chamber and an overflow pipe connected to the upper end; and a bottom discharge port disposed at the lower end of the crushing chamber. This invention solves the problems of existing cyclone separators causing disordered sorting due to abrupt changes in the tangential inlet when processing heavy metal-containing soil, resulting in bottom particle deposition and compaction, making long-term operation difficult.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of physical separation technology in environmental protection and soil remediation, specifically to a cyclone crushing, sorting and classifying device and system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, which is suitable for washing, classifying, reducing and utilizing heavy metal soils. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy metals are among the major pollutants in the soil environment. In environmental pollution, heavy metals mainly refer to Class I pollutants such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, and metalloid arsenic, which are highly biotoxic, as well as toxic heavy metals such as copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, tin, and barium. These heavy metals cannot be decomposed in the soil environment and can enter water bodies through plant absorption, surface runoff, and groundwater infiltration. They then accumulate and amplify through the food chain, posing a very serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. Currently, remediation methods for heavy metal-contaminated soil can be broadly classified into three categories: physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. Among these, hydrocyclone separation technology, a physical method, is widely used for washing, grading, and volume reduction of heavy metal-containing soils due to its advantages such as large processing capacity, no secondary pollution, and the ability to recover useful components.

[0003] Existing technology, such as patent document CN113090244B, discloses a cyclone-driven debinding and separation method and device for natural gas hydrates. This method achieves the crushing and separation of weakly cemented particles through the cooperation of a cyclone crushing chamber and a cyclone classification chamber. In this device, slurry containing agglomerated particles enters the cyclone crushing chamber through a feed pipe. Under conditions of strong shear flow and wall collision, it undergoes high-speed rotation, overcoming the weak cementing forces between particles and achieving debinding. The crushed and agglomerated mixed slurry enters the cyclone classification chamber through a tangential inlet, where the centrifugal force generated by rotation and the fluid shear force are used to classify the light and fine particles enriched with heavy metals into coarse particles.

[0004] However, when this device is applied to the cyclone classification and reduction treatment of soil containing heavy metals, the following problems exist: (1) The tangential inlet of the cyclone classification chamber has an abrupt change structure, and the agglomerated particles are disordered when they enter the classification chamber. The slurry of soil containing heavy metals has a wide particle size distribution and large density difference. After being crushed by the cyclone crushing chamber, the particles that should be arranged in an orderly manner will cause turbulence and collisions at the tangential inlet due to the abrupt change in cross section, which will destroy the order of the cyclone field and reduce the cyclone separation function. The classification accuracy and separation efficiency are difficult to meet the requirements for deep reduction of heavy metal contaminated soil.

[0005] (2) The equipment is difficult to operate stably for a long period of time. During the centrifugal separation process, the denser heavy metal-rich particles (such as heavy particles containing lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.) move downwards along the cylinder wall, and the larger the particle size, the easier it is to accumulate at the bottom. Over time, the bottom sediment gradually compacts and hardens, forming hard lumps, which seriously affects the stability of the separation effect and may even block the bottom outlet. At the same time, due to the compact internal structure of the device, the annular space between the outer crushing chamber and the inner grading chamber, as well as the tangential inlet, are prone to retaining heavy metal-containing materials, and there is a lack of effective backwashing methods. Once it is necessary to stop for maintenance or change materials, conventional flushing methods are difficult to clean these areas thoroughly. Long-term retention of sediment particles will form caking, which not only affects the operation of the machine, but may also lead to the residue of heavy metal pollutants and increase the risk of secondary pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device and system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals. This solves the problem that existing cyclone separation devices suffer from disordered sorting due to abrupt changes in the tangential inlet when processing soil containing heavy metals, and the bottom particles become compacted and difficult to operate for extended periods.

[0007] The technical objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals includes: The cyclone crushing chamber has a vertically arranged cylindrical sealing body. A feed inlet is located near the lower end of the side of the cyclone crushing chamber, and a backwash inlet is located near the upper end. The feed inlet and the backwash inlet are respectively arranged along the tangent of the cylindrical sealing body of the cyclone crushing chamber. The cyclone classification chamber is vertically arranged concentrically within the cyclone crushing chamber. The cyclone classification chamber includes a lower conical chamber and an upper cylindrical chamber. The conical chamber is a funnel-shaped cylinder with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The upper end of the conical chamber and the cylindrical chamber have the same diameter at the connection. The upper end of the cylindrical chamber extends to the upper end of the cyclone crushing chamber and is sealed. The lower end of the conical chamber extends to the lower end of the cyclone crushing chamber and is sealed. A tangential flow guide cavity is located between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The tangential flow guide cavity is arranged tangentially along the cylindrical cavity and connects the cyclone crushing cavity and the cyclone classification cavity. A rectangular tangential inlet is provided in the tangential flow guide cavity between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The width of the rectangular tangential inlet is equal to the distance between the outer wall of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The underflow pipe is located at the lower center outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber; An overflow pipe is located at the upper center outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber; The bottom discharge port is located at the lower end outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone crushing chamber. The bottom discharge port is located on one side of the underflow pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, a detection device is installed on the inner wall of the cyclone crushing chamber to detect the height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber; when the height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber reaches the set maximum threshold, the bottom discharge port is opened; when the height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber is lower than the set minimum threshold, the bottom discharge port is closed.

[0009] Furthermore, the detection device includes a high-level sensor and a low-level sensor that are vertically distributed, with the high-level sensor located above the low-level sensor. The high-level sensor is set with a maximum threshold, and the low-level sensor is set with a minimum threshold.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom discharge port is located at one-third of the bottom radius of the cyclone crushing chamber.

[0011] This invention also provides a cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, comprising: A cyclone crushing and sorting system is used for the classification and reduction of weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals. The feeding unit is used to supply soil slurry to the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system. The solid content of the soil slurry is not higher than 15%, and the maximum particle size of the soil slurry particles is not more than 1 mm. The flushing water unit, or flushing water system, supplies flushing water to the cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system.

[0012] Furthermore, the feeding unit includes a feeding pipe, a booster pump installed on the feeding pipe, and a flow meter installed on the feeding pipe at the rear end of the booster pump. One end of the feeding pipe is used for soil slurry input, and the other end of the feeding pipe is connected to the inlet. A second manual valve is installed at the front end of the booster pump, and a fourth manual valve is installed on the feeding pipe between the flow meter and the inlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the flushing water unit includes a water storage tank, a first water supply pipe, a second water supply pipe, and a third water supply pipe; one end of the first water supply pipe is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe between the second manual valve and the booster pump through the second water supply pipe; one end of the third water supply pipe is connected to the feed pipe between the flow meter and the fourth manual valve, and the other end is connected to the backwash inlet; a first manual valve is installed on the second water supply pipe, and a third manual valve is installed on the third water supply pipe; the bottom of the water storage tank is not lower than the highest overflow point of the overflow pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the flushing water unit also includes a fourth water supply pipe, which is connected in parallel with the second water supply pipe. One end of the fourth water supply pipe is connected to the first water supply pipe, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe between the booster pump and the second manual valve. A manual booster pump is installed on the fourth water supply pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the water storage tank is also connected to a water supply pipe for replenishing flushing water into the water storage tank, and a first automatic valve is installed on the water supply pipe; an exhaust valve for venting air from the water storage tank is installed at the top of the water storage tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the water in the storage tank is used for forward flushing through the feed inlet, and the water in the storage tank is used for backflushing through the backflushing inlet. The water consumption for forward flushing is 6 times the total volume of the pipeline to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system, and the water consumption for backflushing is 3 times the total volume of the pipeline to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The cyclone crushing, sorting and classifying device and system for heavy metal contaminated weakly aggregated soil particles of the present invention maximizes the rectangular tangential inlet of the cyclone classification chamber, that is, the tangential guide chamber, so that the heavy metal contaminated weakly aggregated soil particles enter the cyclone classification chamber in the most complete sorting state, effectively avoiding turbulence and particle collision, solving the problem of disordered particle sorting, and significantly improving classification accuracy and separation efficiency.

[0018] 2. The cyclone crusher, sorting and classifying device and system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals of the present invention effectively prevents the deposition of solid materials and caking in the cyclone crushing chamber through the linkage between the detection device and the bottom discharge port, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment and achieving precise discharge control.

[0019] 3. The cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals of the present invention can achieve forward and reverse flushing through the flushing water unit, thereby achieving efficient cleaning of the pipeline and the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system. In addition, by additionally configuring a fourth water supply pipe with a manual pressure boosting valve, the problem of the system being unable to flush in the event of a power outage is solved.

[0020] 4. By using the cyclone crushing, sorting and classifying soil particles with weak aggregates contaminated by heavy metals in this invention, the reduction effect of weak aggregates contaminated by heavy metals can reach more than 30%, and the heavy metal content in the discharged heavy phase particles does not exceed the standard, thus realizing both reduction and resource recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the vortex crushing, sorting, and classifying soil particles with weak agglomeration due to heavy metal pollution, as described in this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the vortex crushing, sorting, and classifying soil particles with weak agglomeration due to heavy metal pollution, according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tangential flow guide cavity configuration in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vortex crushing, sorting and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to the present invention.

[0025] In the picture: 1. Cyclone crushing chamber; 2. Cyclone classifying chamber; 3. Tangential guide chamber; 4. Underflow pipe; 5. Overflow pipe; 6. Bottom discharge port; 7. Detection device; 8. Feeding pipe; 9. Booster pump; 10. Water storage tank; 11. Flow meter; 1-1, Feed inlet; 1-2, Backwash inlet; 2-1. Conical cavity; 2-2. Cylindrical cavity; 3-1. Rectangular tangential inlet; 7-1. High-position sensor; 7-2. Low-position sensor; 10-1, First water supply pipe; 10-2, Second water supply pipe; 10-3, Third water supply pipe; 10-4, Fourth water supply pipe; 10-5, Manual booster pump; 10-6, Water replenishment pipe; 10-7, Air vent valve; 12. First automatic valve; 13. Second automatic valve; 14. Third automatic valve; 15. First manual valve; 16. Second manual valve; 17. Third manual valve; 18. Fourth manual valve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments: A cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The cyclone crushing chamber 1 has a vertically arranged cylindrical sealing body. A feed inlet 1-1 is provided on the side of the cyclone crushing chamber 1 near the lower end, and a backwash inlet 1-2 is provided near the upper end. The feed inlet 1-1 and the backwash inlet 1-2 are respectively arranged along the tangent of the cylindrical sealing body of the cyclone crushing chamber 1. The cyclone classification chamber 2 is vertically arranged concentrically within the cyclone crushing chamber 1. The cyclone classification chamber 2 includes a lower conical chamber 2-1 and an upper cylindrical chamber 2-2. The conical chamber 2-1 is a funnel-shaped cylinder with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. The upper end of the conical chamber 2-1 has the same diameter as the cylindrical chamber 2-2 at the connection point. The upper end of the cylindrical chamber 2-2 extends to the upper end of the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and is sealed. The lower end of the conical chamber 2-1 extends to the lower end of the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and is sealed. Tangential guide cavity 3, such as Figure 3As shown, a tangential guide cavity is set between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity 2-2 and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity 1. The tangential guide cavity 3 is set tangentially along the cylindrical cavity 2-2. The tangential guide cavity 3 connects the cyclone crushing cavity 1 and the cyclone classification cavity 2. A rectangular tangential inlet 3-1 is set between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity 2-2 and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity 1. The width of the rectangular tangential inlet 3-1 is equal to the distance between the outer wall of the cylindrical cavity 2-2 and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity 1. The underflow pipe 4 is located at the lower center outside the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber 2; Overflow pipe 5 is located at the upper center outside the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber 2; Bottom discharge port 6 is located at the lower end outside the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and is connected to the cyclone crushing chamber 1. Bottom discharge port 6 is located on one side of the underflow pipe 4.

[0027] Preferably, a detection device 7 for detecting the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber 1 is also provided on the inner wall of the cyclone crushing chamber 1; when the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber reaches the set maximum threshold, the bottom discharge port 6 is opened; when the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber 1 is lower than the set minimum threshold, the bottom discharge port 6 is closed.

[0028] More specifically, in one implementation, the detection device 7 includes a high-level sensor 7-1 and a low-level sensor 7-2 vertically distributed, with their positions precisely aligned. The high-level sensor 7-1 is positioned above the low-level sensor 7-2. The high-level sensor 7-1 is set with a maximum threshold, and the low-level sensor 7-2 is set with a minimum threshold. Both the high-level sensor 7-1 and the low-level sensor 7-2 are capacitive sensors. The deposition thickness of the deposited material is monitored using the high-level sensor 7-1 and the low-level sensor 7-2.

[0029] More specifically, in one implementation, the high-position sensor 7-1 is positioned at the top height of the feed inlet 1-1, and the low-position sensor 7-2 is positioned at the height between the high-position sensor 7-1 and the bottom of the cyclone crushing chamber.

[0030] More specifically, the bottom discharge port 6 is located at one-third of the bottom radius of the cyclone crushing chamber 1. A second automatic valve 13 is installed at the bottom discharge port 6. The second automatic valve 13 is an automatic valve that works in conjunction with the detector 7 to achieve linkage. When the high-level sensor 7-1 detects the accumulation of deposited solids, the second automatic valve 13 opens until the low-level sensor 7-2 detects the accumulation of deposited solids, at which point the second automatic valve 13 closes. When the high-level sensor 7-1 does not detect the accumulation of deposited solids, the second automatic valve 13 remains closed. During the cyclone separation process, the fluid at the bottom of the cyclone crushing chamber 1 rotates and forms a cyclic flow from the outside to the inside in the longitudinal direction. By setting the bottom discharge port 6 at one-third of the bottom radius of the cyclone crushing chamber 1, the cyclic flow can be fully utilized to effectively push the deposited particles to the bottom discharge port 6 and discharge them smoothly.

[0031] The cyclone crushing and sorting classifier for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals can effectively break up soil aggregates, allowing small particles of heavy metals to disperse from large particles, and achieving efficient reduction of heavy metal contaminated soil through cyclone classification.

[0032] This embodiment also provides a cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes: A cyclone crushing and sorting classification system is used for the classification and reduction of weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals. This cyclone crushing and sorting classification system is like the cyclone crushing and sorting classifier for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals in the above embodiment. The feeding unit is used to supply soil slurry to the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system. The solid content of the soil slurry is not higher than 15%, and the maximum particle size of the soil slurry particles is not more than 1 mm. The flushing water unit, or flushing water system, supplies flushing water to the cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system.

[0033] More specifically, the feeding unit includes a feeding pipe 8, a booster pump 9 installed on the feeding pipe 8, and a flow meter 11 installed on the feeding pipe 8 at the rear end of the booster pump 9. One end of the feeding pipe 8 is used for soil slurry input, and the other end of the feeding pipe 8 is connected to the inlet 1-1. A second manual valve 16 is installed at the front end of the booster pump 9, and a fourth manual valve 18 is installed on the feeding pipe 8 between the flow meter 11 and the inlet 1-1.

[0034] The flushing water unit includes a water storage tank 10, a first water supply pipe 10-1, a second water supply pipe 10-2, and a third water supply pipe 10-3. One end of the first water supply pipe 10-1 is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank 10, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe 8 between the second manual valve 16 and the booster pump 9 through the second water supply pipe 10-2. One end of the third water supply pipe 10-3 is connected to the feed pipe 8 between the flow meter 11 and the fourth manual valve 18, and the other end is connected to the backwash inlet 1-2. A first manual valve 15 is installed on the second water supply pipe 10-2, and a third manual valve 17 is installed on the third water supply pipe 10-3. The bottom of the water storage tank 10 is not lower than the highest overflow point of the overflow pipe 5.

[0035] Preferably, the flushing water unit further includes a fourth water supply pipe 10-4, which is connected in parallel with the second water supply pipe 10-2. One end of the fourth water supply pipe 10-4 is connected to the first water supply pipe 10-1, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe 8 between the booster pump 9 and the second manual valve 16. A manual booster pump 10-5 is installed on the fourth water supply pipe 10-4.

[0036] The water storage tank 10 is also connected to a water supply pipe 10-6 for replenishing flushing water into the water storage tank 10. A first automatic valve 12 is installed on the water supply pipe 10-6. An exhaust valve 10-7 for venting air from the water storage tank 10 is installed at the top of the water storage tank 10. The exhaust valve 10-7 can be used to inject water into the water storage tank 10 and to vent gas from the water storage tank 10 during backwashing. More specifically, the effective water storage capacity in the water storage tank 10 is not less than 10 times the total volume of the system pipeline, the cyclone crushing chamber, and the cyclone grading chamber.

[0037] For example, in this embodiment, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" in the first automatic valve 12, second automatic valve 13, third automatic valve 14, first manual valve 15, second manual valve 16, third manual valve 17, and fourth manual valve 18 have no special meaning. Automatic valves include solenoid valves, and manual valves include ball valves, gate valves, etc. Similarly, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" in the first water supply pipe, second water supply pipe, third water supply pipe, and fourth water supply pipe have no special meaning.

[0038] When the water storage tank does not need to be replenished, the first automatic valve 12 is closed; when the water storage tank needs to be replenished, the first automatic valve 12 is opened.

[0039] When flushing is not required, both the first manual valve 15 and the third manual valve 17 remain closed.

[0040] In working condition: The flushing water unit is shut off. Soil slurry containing heavy metals enters through the feed pipe 8, and after being pressurized by the booster pump 9, the flow meter 11 detects the current flow rate. The soil slurry enters the cyclone crushing chamber 1 tangentially from the feed inlet 1-1. Under the pressurization action of the booster pump 9, the soil slurry entering tangentially along the feed inlet 1-1 rotates at high speed in the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and collides with the wall of the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and the outer wall of the cyclone classification chamber 2, thereby realizing the hydraulic crushing of weakly agglomerated particles. The crushed particles spiral upwards along axis 1 of the crushing vortex chamber, and are gradually sorted radially from small to large under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, with small particles closer to the inner side and large particles closer to the outer side. After spiraling upwards to the top of the cyclone crushing chamber 1, the particles still enter the tangential guide chamber 3 from the rectangular tangential inlet 3-1 in an ordered state, and then enter the cyclone classification chamber 2 along the tangential guide chamber 3. After entering the cyclone classification chamber 2, the soil particles are kept rotating at high speed under the action of the tangential guide chamber 3. Large soil particles flow downward along the inner wall of the cyclone classification chamber 2 with centrifugal motion, while small soil particles flow out through the overflow pipe 5 at the center of the cyclone with centrifugal motion. Soil slurry containing large particles is finally discharged through the underflow pipe 4, while soil slurry containing small particles is discharged through the overflow pipe 5 and then enters the subsequent deep treatment.

[0041] Throughout the entire operation, the detection device 7 monitors the accumulation of sediment in the cyclone crushing chamber in real time. When the accumulation height reaches the set maximum threshold height, the second automatic valve 13 is opened to discharge the sediment from the bottom discharge port.

[0042] When cleaning is required, the feeding unit stops feeding, and the second manual valve 16 is closed. During rinsing, forward rinsing is performed first, followed by back rinsing.

[0043] During the flushing process, the first manual valve 15 and the fourth manual valve 18 are opened, and the third manual valve 17 is closed. The water storage tank 10 supplies water to the feed inlet 1-1 through the first water supply pipe 10-1, the second water supply pipe 10-2, and the feed pipe 8. The flushing water is pressurized by the booster pump 9 when it passes through the feed pipe 8. After being pressurized, the flushing water enters the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and then enters the cyclone grading chamber 2 through the rectangular tangential inlet 3-1. Finally, it is discharged through the overflow pipe 5 and the underflow pipe 4, thus cleaning the feed pipe 8, the cyclone crushing chamber 1, the cyclone grading chamber 2, the overflow pipe 5, and the underflow pipe 4. The amount of water used for cleaning is 6 times the total volume of the pipe to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system.

[0044] During backwashing, a third automatic valve 14 is installed on the overflow pipe, the first manual valve 15 and the third manual valve 17 are opened, and the fourth manual valve 18 and the third automatic valve 14 are closed. The water storage tank supplies water to the backwash inlet 1-2 through the first water supply pipe 10-1, the second water supply pipe 10-2, the feed pipe 8, and the third water supply pipe 10-3. Similarly, the flushing water is pressurized by the booster pump 9 when it passes through the feed pipe 8. The pressurized flushing water enters the cyclone crushing chamber 1 through the backwash inlet 1-2 and then enters the cyclone classifying chamber 2 along the rectangular tangential inlet 3-1. Finally, part of the water is discharged from the bottom discharge port 6 and part of the water is discharged from the underflow pipe 4, realizing the backwashing of the feed pipe 8, the cyclone crushing chamber 1 and the cyclone classifying chamber 2, the bottom discharge port 6 and the underflow pipe 4. The backwashing water volume is 3 times the total volume of the pipeline to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting and classifying system.

[0045] When the system is powered off, the booster pump 9 cannot pressurize, the first manual valve 15 is closed, and the water in the water storage tank 10 flows to the feed pipe 8 through the fourth water supply pipe 10-4 to achieve forward and reverse flushing water supply. When passing through the fourth water supply pipe 10-4, the manual booster pump 10-5 achieves manual pressurization water supply.

[0046] In one implementation process, soil containing heavy metals was screened and slurried to obtain soil slurry. The soil particles smaller than 200 μm contained 212 mg / kg of arsenic (As) and 430 mg / kg of lead (Pb). The arsenic content exceeded the Class I land use control limit (120 mg / kg) by approximately 1.8 times, while the lead content was within acceptable limits. The resulting soil slurry had a solids content of 9%, a maximum particle size of 0.6 mm, and an experimental processing capacity of 1 m³ / h. After processing the slurry through a cyclone crushing and sorting classifier for weakly aggregated heavy metal contaminated soil particles, the total soil volume reduction rate reached 32.5%, significantly reducing the amount of leaching agent used and the overall treatment cost. The coarse-particle soil discharged through the underflow pipe had arsenic content below the Class I land use control limit and could be directly backfilled.

[0047] The reduction effect is shown in the table below: This embodiment is merely a further explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make non-inventive modifications to this embodiment as needed after reading this specification, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, characterized in that, include: The cyclone crushing chamber has a vertically arranged cylindrical sealing body. A feed inlet is provided on the side of the cyclone crushing chamber near the lower end, and a backwash inlet is provided near the upper end. The feed inlet and the backwash inlet are respectively arranged along the tangent of the cylindrical sealing body of the cyclone crushing chamber. The cyclone classification chamber is vertically arranged concentrically within the cyclone crushing chamber. The cyclone classification chamber includes a lower conical chamber and an upper cylindrical chamber. The conical chamber is a funnel-shaped cylinder with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. The upper end of the conical chamber and the cylindrical chamber have the same diameter at their connection. The upper end of the cylindrical chamber extends to the upper end of the cyclone crushing chamber and is sealed. The lower end of the conical chamber extends to the lower end of the cyclone crushing chamber and is sealed. A tangential flow guide cavity is disposed between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The tangential flow guide cavity is arranged tangentially along the cylindrical cavity and connects the cyclone crushing cavity and the cyclone classification cavity. The tangential flow guide cavity has a rectangular tangential inlet between the outer side of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The width of the rectangular tangential inlet is equal to the distance between the outer wall of the cylindrical cavity and the inner wall of the cyclone crushing cavity. The underflow pipe is located at the lower center outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber; An overflow pipe is located at the upper center outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone grading chamber; The bottom discharge port is located at the lower end outside the cyclone crushing chamber and is connected to the cyclone crushing chamber. The bottom discharge port is located on one side of the underflow pipe.

2. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the cyclone crushing chamber is also equipped with a detection device for detecting the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber; when the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber reaches the set maximum threshold, the bottom discharge port is opened; when the accumulation height of the deposited solid material in the cyclone crushing chamber is lower than the set minimum threshold, the bottom discharge port is closed.

3. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection device includes a high-level sensor and a low-level sensor that are vertically distributed. The high-level sensor is located above the low-level sensor. The high-level sensor is set with a maximum threshold, and the low-level sensor is set with a minimum threshold.

4. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and classifying device for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom discharge port is located at one-third of the radius of the bottom of the cyclone crushing chamber.

5. A cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, characterized in that, include: A vortex crushing, sorting, and grading system for classifying and reducing weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals, as described in any one of claims 1-4; The feeding unit is used to supply soil slurry to the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system. The solid content of the soil slurry is not higher than 15%, and the maximum particle size of the soil slurry particles is not more than 1 mm. A flushing water unit, the flushing water system being used to supply flushing water to the cyclone crushing sorting and grading system.

6. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feeding unit includes a feeding pipe, a booster pump installed on the feeding pipe, and a flow meter installed on the feeding pipe at the rear end of the booster pump. One end of the feeding pipe is used for soil slurry input, and the other end of the feeding pipe is connected to the inlet. A second manual valve is installed at the front end of the booster pump, and a fourth manual valve is installed on the feeding pipe between the flow meter and the inlet.

7. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flushing water unit includes a water storage tank, a first water supply pipe, a second water supply pipe, and a third water supply pipe; one end of the first water supply pipe is connected to the bottom of the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe between the second manual valve and the booster pump through the second water supply pipe; one end of the third water supply pipe is connected to the feed pipe between the flow meter and the fourth manual valve, and the other end is connected to the backwash inlet; a first manual valve is installed on the second water supply pipe, and a third manual valve is installed on the third water supply pipe; the bottom of the water storage tank is not lower than the highest overflow point of the overflow pipe.

8. The cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flushing water unit also includes a fourth water supply pipe, which is connected in parallel with the second water supply pipe. One end of the fourth water supply pipe is connected to the first water supply pipe, and the other end is connected to the feed pipe between the booster pump and the second manual valve. A manual booster pump is installed on the fourth water supply pipe.

9. A cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water storage tank is also connected to a water supply pipe for replenishing flushing water into the water storage tank, and a first automatic valve is installed on the water supply pipe; an exhaust valve for venting air from the water storage tank is installed at the top of the water storage tank.

10. A cyclone crushing, sorting, and grading system for weakly aggregated soil particles contaminated with heavy metals according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water in the storage tank is used for forward flushing through the feed inlet, and the water in the storage tank is used for backflushing through the backflushing inlet. The water consumption for forward flushing is 6 times the total volume of the pipeline to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system, and the water consumption for backflushing is 3 times the total volume of the pipeline to be flushed and the cyclone crushing, sorting and grading system.

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