Gear polishing apparatus for gearbox

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of polishing equipment technology, specifically to a gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment, comprising a drive frame, a polishing cylinder, and a mounting shaft. The polishing cylinder is rotatably mounted on the drive frame, and the mounting shaft is rotatably mounted inside the polishing cylinder. The polishing cylinder is filled with polishing sand, and the gearbox gear is mounted on the mounting shaft. The drive frame is used to drive the polishing cylinder and the mounting shaft to rotate. At least one guide strip extends along the axial direction of the polishing cylinder. An adjustment unit is connected to the mounting shaft and the guide strips. The adjustment unit is configured to drive the guide strips to rotate in response to changes in the rotational speed of the mounting shaft, thereby changing the tilt angle of the guide strips. This solves the technical problem of existing polishing equipment being unable to rotate due to a fixed angle of the guide strips.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polishing equipment technology, and specifically to a gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the machining of gearbox gears, polishing is a key process for improving tooth surface finish, reducing meshing noise, and enhancing fatigue resistance. Its quality directly affects the overall performance and service life of the transmission system. Currently, rotary drum polishing equipment is widely used in the surface finishing process of gearbox gears due to its high processing efficiency and suitability for mass production. This type of equipment typically has guide strips arranged at a fixed angle around the inner wall of the polishing drum. Its working principle is as follows: as the polishing drum rotates around its axis, the guide strips continuously lift and raise the polishing sand accumulated at the bottom of the drum to a certain height. When the polishing sand exceeds the limit held by the guide strips, it falls naturally in a waterfall-like manner under gravity. The resulting flow of polishing sand repeatedly washes the gear surface with a certain impact force, thereby achieving the processing objectives of deburring, edge rounding, and surface finishing. However, the existing fixed sand guide strip structure has obvious defects in process adaptability: when the polishing cylinder speed is low, the centrifugal force obtained by the polishing sand is small, causing most of the polishing sand to slip relatively in the bottom area of ​​the cylinder and making it difficult to be effectively lifted, forming a "slippage" phenomenon. At this time, if the installation angle of the sand guide strip relative to the tangent of the cylinder wall is not steep enough, the drop height and dispersion of the sand flow will be seriously insufficient, and the polishing effect will be greatly weakened. Conversely, when the speed is high, the excessively steep sand guide strip may cause the polishing sand to be excessively pressed against the cylinder wall, forming a "centrifugal layer" state that is tightly attached to the cylinder wall, making it difficult to be effectively thrown away.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventors propose a gearbox gear processing and polishing device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment to solve the technical problem that existing polishing equipment cannot rotate due to the fixed angle of the guide sand strip.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A gearbox gear processing and polishing device includes a drive frame, a polishing cylinder, and a mounting shaft. The polishing cylinder is rotatably mounted on the drive frame, and the mounting shaft is rotatably mounted inside the polishing cylinder. The polishing cylinder is filled with polishing sand, and the gearbox gear is used to be mounted on the mounting shaft. The drive frame is used to drive the polishing cylinder and the mounting shaft to rotate. At least one sand guide strip, each of the sand guide strips extending axially along the polishing cylinder and rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the polishing cylinder, such that the sand guide strip can change its tilt angle relative to the inner wall of the polishing cylinder. An adjustment unit is connected to the mounting shaft and the sand guide strip. The adjustment unit is configured to drive the sand guide strip to rotate in response to a change in the rotational speed of the mounting shaft, thereby changing the tilt angle of the sand guide strip.

[0006] Furthermore, the drive frame includes a base, a clamp, and a motor. The clamp is fixedly installed on the base, and the polishing cylinder is rotatably installed inside the clamp. The motor is installed on one side of the base, and the output shaft of the motor is coaxially connected to a drive shaft. At least two friction wheels for driving the polishing cylinder to rotate are installed on the drive shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, a retainer is provided on one side of the clamp, the retainer including a fixed shell and at least two planetary gears, the fixed shell is fixedly mounted on the clamp, the mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed shell, a driven gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft, and each of the planetary gears is distributed around the retainer and rotatably connected to the retainer. An internal gear ring is formed on one side of the polishing cylinder. The internal gear ring is rotatably installed in the fixed housing. Each planetary gear is located between the internal gear ring and the driven gear, and each planetary gear meshes with the internal gear ring and the driven gear.

[0008] Furthermore, the adjustment unit includes a fixed plate, a rotating component, and a speed limiting component. The fixed plate is fixedly connected to the base, the rotating component is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate, and the rotating component is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft. The speed limiting component is movably mounted between the fixed plate and the retainer.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating component includes a rotating disk and two angle-changing components, the two angle-changing components being rotatably mounted on the rotating disk, and the rotating disk being coaxially and fixedly connected to the mounting shaft; The angle-changing component includes a connecting pin, a connecting plate, and a counterweight. The connecting pin is fixedly mounted on the connecting plate and rotatably mounted on the rotating disk. One end of the connecting plate is connected to the counterweight, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected to a first spring. The first spring has a tendency to drive the counterweight to retract inward through the connecting plate. A synchronizing rod is hinged between the two connecting plates.

[0010] Furthermore, the speed limiting component includes a ratchet, a movable block, and a movable strip. The ratchet is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate and rotatably connected to the rotating disk. The movable block is slidably mounted on the fixed plate in a direction close to or away from the rotating disk. A rubber strip is provided on the movable block, and the rubber strip is located outside the rotating disk. One end of the movable strip is hinged to the ratchet, and the other end of the movable strip slides through the movable block. A second spring is provided between the movable strip and the movable block, and the second spring has a tendency to drive the rubber strip away from the rotating disk.

[0011] Furthermore, the ratchet has an arc-shaped groove, and the fixed plate has a pin that extends into the arc-shaped groove. The arc-shaped groove and the pin cooperate to limit the rotation angle of the ratchet. When the ratchet rotates to the point where it is limited by the pin, the ratchet drives the movable block to compress the second spring through the movable strip, so that the rubber strip on the movable block presses against the rotating disk.

[0012] Furthermore, one end of the connecting pin is provided with a pawl, and the other end of the connecting pin passes through the connecting plate and is connected to a connecting rod. The connecting rod extends into the polishing cylinder and connects to the sand guide strip. The pawl is configured to rotate with the connecting pin to engage with the ratchet when the rotation speed of the rotating disk reaches a preset value, and drive the ratchet to rotate.

[0013] Furthermore, a sleeve is fixedly installed on the base, and the polishing cylinder is located inside the sleeve.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention achieves stepless adaptive adjustment of the guide sand's tilt angle relative to the polishing cylinder's inner wall by setting an adjustment unit that rotates synchronously with the mounting shaft. This unit automatically drives the guide sand strip to rotate relative to the polishing cylinder's inner wall based on rotational speed changes. At lower speeds, the guide sand strip maintains a steeper angle to effectively scoop up the polishing sand, preventing slippage and creating a sand flow with sufficient drop height. As the speed increases, the guide sand strip automatically rotates towards a gentler direction, preventing the polishing sand from forming a centrifugal layer due to excessive centrifugal force, ensuring the polishing sand always scoops the gear surface in an ideal waterfall state. Simultaneously, the planetary gear train structure allows the polishing cylinder and mounting shaft to achieve stable counter-rotation under the same motor drive, further simplifying the transmission system. Combined with centrifugal angle adjustment and speed limiting components, this invention achieves real-time optimized matching of the polishing sand flow pattern over a wide speed range without the need for sensors or electronic control components. It also automatically triggers friction braking to protect the equipment and workpiece in case of overspeed. The entire solution is compact, reliable, and significantly improves the process adaptability and surface quality consistency of gearbox gear polishing.

[0015] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention after the cover plate is hidden; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive frame and polishing cylinder in the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention; Figure 4 For the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the split structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive frame in the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention; Figure 6 For the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of part A; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention from another direction; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand guide strip in the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention when the sand guide strip is in a steep state; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand guide strip in the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention when the sand guide strip is in a flat state; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment unit in the gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the adjustment unit in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating component and ratchet in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the speed limiting component in this invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pawl, pin, and sand guide strip in this invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the sand guide strip in this invention.

[0017] The components include: drive frame 1, base 11, clamp 12, motor 13, drive shaft 14, friction wheel 15, retainer 16, fixed shell 161, planetary gear 162, sleeve 17, polishing cylinder 2, internal gear ring 21, mounting shaft 3, driven gear 31, sand guide strip 4, cavity 41, sliding block 42, extension block 43, tension spring 44, adjustment unit 5, fixed plate 51, rotating part 52, rotating disk 521, angle changing part 522, connecting pin 5221, connecting plate 5222, counterweight 5223, first spring 5224, synchronizing rod 5225, speed limiting part 53, ratchet 531, arc groove 5311, pin 5312, pawl part 5313, connecting rod 5314, movable block 532, movable strip 533, rubber strip 534, second spring 535, and gearbox gear 6. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components. In actual implementation, the shape, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0020] This embodiment proposes a gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment, such as... Figures 1 to 15 As shown, the assembly includes a drive frame 1, a polishing cylinder 2, and a mounting shaft 3. The polishing cylinder 2 is rotatably mounted on the drive frame 1, and the mounting shaft 3 is rotatably mounted inside the polishing cylinder 2. The drive frame 1 is used to drive the polishing cylinder 2 and the mounting shaft 3 to rotate. A cover plate is provided on one side of the polishing cylinder 2, which can be opened or closed. The polishing cylinder 2 is filled with polishing sand, and multiple gearbox gears 6 to be polished are detachably mounted on the mounting shaft 3 by snap-fit. The assembly also includes an adjustment unit 5 and at least one guide strip 4. The guide strip 4 extends along the axial direction of the polishing cylinder 2. In this embodiment, there are two guide strips 4, both of which are mounted on the inner wall of the polishing cylinder 2, and the tilt angle of the guide strip 4 can be changed. The adjustment unit 5 is connected to the mounting shaft 3 and the guide strip 4. The adjustment unit 5 is configured to drive the guide strip 4 to rotate in response to changes in the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3, so as to change the tilt angle of the guide strip 4.

[0021] In this embodiment, when the polishing equipment is working, the drive frame 1 simultaneously drives the polishing cylinder 2 and the mounting shaft 3 to rotate. The polishing cylinder 2 and the mounting shaft 3 rotate at the same speed but in opposite directions. When the gearbox gear 6 to be polished is fixed on the mounting shaft 3 and rotates with the mounting shaft 3, the polishing sand filled in the polishing cylinder 2 rotates together with the cylinder body. The change in the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3 drives the guide sand strip 4 to rotate relative to the inner wall of the polishing cylinder 2, thereby changing the tilt angle of the guide sand strip 4. When the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3 is low, the adjustment unit 5 keeps the guide sand strip 4 at a relatively steep angle (corresponding to...). Figure 8 As shown), this is to effectively scoop up the polishing sand from the bottom of the polishing cylinder 2 under insufficient centrifugal force, preventing slippage and forming a sand flow with a certain drop height; when the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3 increases, the adjusting unit 5 responds to the increase in rotational speed by driving the sand guide strip 4 to rotate in a gentler direction (corresponding to...). Figure 9 As shown), with the increase of centrifugal force, the steep guide strip 4 gradually becomes gentler (i.e., Figure 8 The state shown has changed to Figure 9 The aforementioned state prevents the polishing sand from being excessively adhered to the cylinder wall and forming a "centrifugal layer" due to the steep guide sand strip 4, allowing the polishing sand to be naturally thrown away at an appropriate position and scattered in a waterfall-like manner. By adjusting the tilt angle of the guide sand strip 4 in real time according to the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3 / or the polishing cylinder 2, the equipment meets the requirements of different process stages for sand flow morphology according to the rotation speed, and can ensure effective sand collection and achieve stable polishing results even at low speeds.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the drive frame 1 includes a base 11, a clamp 12, and a motor 13. There are multiple clamps 12, which are fixedly installed on the base 11. The polishing cylinder 2 is rotatably installed inside the clamps 12. A sleeve 17 is fixedly installed on the base 11, and the polishing cylinder 2 is located inside the sleeve 17. The purpose of the sleeve 17 is to improve the stability of the polishing cylinder 2 when it rotates. The motor 13 is installed on one side of the base 11. The output shaft of the motor 13 is connected to a drive shaft 14 through a reducer. At least two friction wheels 15 for driving the polishing cylinder 2 to rotate are installed on the drive shaft 14. A retainer 16 is provided on one side of the clamp 12. The retainer 16 includes a fixed shell 161, which is mounted on the clamp 12. At least two planetary gears 162 are rotatably disposed inside the fixed shell 161. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the number of planetary gears 162 is four. The mounting shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the fixed shell 161. A driven gear 31 is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 3. The four planetary gears 162 are rotatably connected to the fixed shell 161 on the retainer 16. An internal gear ring 21 is formed on one side of the polishing cylinder 2. The internal gear ring 21 is rotatably mounted inside the fixed shell 161. The four planetary gears 162 are located between the internal gear ring 21 and the driven gear 31, and all four planetary gears 162 mesh with the internal gear ring 21 and the driven gear 31.

[0023] In this embodiment, the motor 13 is fixed to one side of the base 11. The output shaft of the motor 13 drives the coaxially connected drive shaft 14 to rotate. At least two friction wheels 15 mounted on the drive shaft 14 are in direct contact with the outer wall of the polishing cylinder 2, and the polishing cylinder 2 is driven to rotate stably around its own axis within the clamp 12 by friction. The clamp 12 is fixed to the base 11 and provides radial support and positioning for the polishing cylinder 2. At the same time, an internal gear ring 21 is formed on the left side of the polishing cylinder 2. The internal gear ring 21 is rotatably mounted inside the fixed housing 161, and the fixed housing 161 is fixedly mounted on one side of the clamp 12, forming the main body of the retainer 16. The mounting shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the fixed housing 161, and each planetary gear 162 is rotatably connected to the retainer 16 and is precisely arranged between the internal gear ring 21 and the driven gear 31, keeping the rotational speed of the internal gear ring 21 the same as the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3. When the polishing cylinder 2 is driven to rotate by the friction wheel 15, the internal gear ring 21 fixed to one side of the polishing cylinder 2 rotates together. As the driving member of the planetary gear 162 system, the internal gear ring 21 drives each planetary gear 162 meshing with the internal gear ring 21 to rotate around its own axis. Since the planetary gear 162 is rotatably mounted on the cage 16, and the fixed shell 161 of the cage 16 is fixed to the clamp 12, the planetary gear 162 cannot revolve around the revolution, but can only rotate around its own axis. The rotating planetary gear 162 further drives the driven gear 31 meshing with it to rotate. The driven gear 31 then transmits the torque to the mounting shaft 3 fixed coaxially with it, so that the mounting shaft 3 rotates around its own axis inside the polishing cylinder 2. The part of the mounting shaft 3 that extends into the polishing cylinder 2 is equipped with a gearbox gear 6.

[0024] In this embodiment, the planetary gear 162 system, consisting of a single motor 13, friction wheel 15, polishing cylinder 2 and its internal gear ring 21 on one side, planetary gear 162 set in cage 16 and driven gear 31 fixed to mounting shaft 3, achieves stable rotation of polishing cylinder 2 and mounting shaft 3 at the same speed but in opposite directions under the drive of the same motor 13. There is no need to set up an additional motor 13 to drive mounting shaft 3 independently or a complex reverse transmission device. The relative motion required by the gears can be generated simultaneously using only the rotational power of polishing cylinder 2 itself, which significantly simplifies the drive system, reduces equipment manufacturing costs and control difficulty. Furthermore, since polishing cylinder 2 and mounting shaft 3 always maintain a strict synchronous reverse relationship, a stable and repeatable kinematic basis is provided for the uniform relative motion between polishing sand and gearbox gear 6 in the subsequent process, which has outstanding structural integration and transmission innovation.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment unit 5 includes a fixed plate 51, a rotating component 52, and a speed limiting component 53. The fixed plate 51 is fixedly connected to the base 11 to support the rotating component 52 and the speed limiting component 53. The rotating component 52 is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 51 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 3. The rotating component 52 includes a rotating disk 521 and two angle-changing components 522. The two angle-changing components 522 are rotatably mounted on the rotating disk 521, and the rotating disk 521 is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 3. Component 522 includes a connecting pin 5221, a connecting plate 5222, and a counterweight 5223. The connecting pin 5221 is fixedly mounted on the connecting plate 5222 and rotatably mounted on the rotating disk 521. One end of the connecting plate 5222 is connected to the counterweight 5223, and the other end of the connecting plate 5222 is connected to a first spring 5224. The first spring 5224 has a tendency to drive the counterweight 5223 to retract inward through the connecting plate 5222. A synchronizing rod 5225 is hinged between the two connecting plates 5222.

[0026] The specific working process is as follows: The fixed plate 51 is fixedly connected to the base 11, providing an installation reference for the rotating component 52 and the speed limiting component 53. The rotating disk 521 in the rotating component 52 is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 3, so the rotation speed of the rotating disk 521 is always equal to the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3. The two angle changing components 522 are rotatably mounted on the rotating disk 521. The connecting pin 5221 is fixedly mounted on the connecting plate 5222, and at the same time, the connecting pin 5221 itself is rotatably mounted on the rotating disk 521, that is, the connecting pin 5221 can rotate around itself. The axis of the body rotates relative to the rotating disk 521. One end of the connecting plate 5222 is connected to the counterweight 5223, and the other end is connected to the first spring 5224. The other end of the first spring 5224 is usually fixed to a fulcrum near the rotating disk 521 or the connecting pin 5221. The first spring 5224 always applies a torque that causes the connecting plate 5222 to swing inward around the axis of the connecting pin 5221, thereby pulling the counterweight 5223 toward the center of the rotating disk 521, so that the counterweight 5223 is in the retracted position. A synchronizing rod 5225 is also hinged between the two connecting plates 5222, so that the movement of the two angle-changing components 522 is synchronized, ensuring that the rotating disk 521 is balanced by force and that the sand guide strip 4 moves in unison at all positions. When the drive frame 1 drives the mounting shaft 3 to rotate at a low speed, the rotation speed of the rotating disk 521 is low, and the centrifugal force on the counterweight 5223 is small, insufficient to overcome the elastic force of the first spring 5224. Therefore, the counterweight 5223 remains in the retracted state, and the connecting pin 5221 does not rotate or is only at its initial angle. At this time, the force is transmitted through the subsequent connecting rod 5314, and the sand guide strip 4 maintains a steep angle suitable for low-speed sand scooping. As the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3 gradually increases, the rotation speed of the rotating disk 521 increases synchronously, and the centrifugal force on the counterweight 5223 increases proportionally to the square of the rotation speed. When the rotation speed exceeds a certain preset threshold, the centrifugal force overcomes the force of the first spring 5224, forcing the counterweight 5223 to swing outward around the axis of the connecting pin 5221, that is, away from the center of the rotating disk 521. The outward swing of the counterweight 5223 drives the connecting plate 5222 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the connecting pin 5221. Since the connecting pin 5221 is fixed to the connecting plate 5222, the connecting pin 5221 itself also rotates around the axis. This rotational motion is output through the other end of the connecting pin 5221, which is coaxially and fixedly connected to the guide strip 4. This motion is transmitted to the guide strip 4 on the inner wall of the polishing cylinder 2, thereby driving the guide strip 4 to rotate relative to the inner wall of the polishing cylinder 2 and changing its tilt angle. Specifically, the higher the rotational speed, the greater the outward swing amplitude of the counterweight 5223, the greater the rotation angle of the connecting pin 5221, and the more the guide strip 4 rotates from a steep state to a gentler state, adapting to the need to reduce polishing sand adhesion to the wall under high-speed conditions. The synchronizing rod 5225 between the two angle-changing components 522 ensures that the counterweights 5223 on both sides always swing symmetrically, avoiding unilateral jamming or angle deviation, and ensuring that the guide strip 4 is evenly stressed and rotates smoothly along the entire axial direction.This structure requires no external sensors or electronic control components. It relies entirely on the balance between centrifugal force and spring force to achieve stepless adaptive adjustment of the guide strip 4 angle with rotational speed, resulting in rapid response and high reliability. When the rotational speed drops below the preset value, the tension of the first spring 5224 regains dominance, pulling the counterweight 5223 back to the retracted position, and the guide strip 4 automatically restores its steep angle, achieving bidirectional automatic adjustment.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the preset rotational speed values ​​involved in the adjustment unit 5 (such as the initial rotational speed at which the counterweight 5223 drives the guide strip 4 to rotate, or the overspeed protection threshold at which the pawl 5313 meshes with the ratchet 531) are not uncertain fuzzy parameters, but rather design values ​​that can be reasonably calibrated by those skilled in the art through a limited number of conventional tests based on the specific polishing sand's particle size, density, filling rate, gearbox gear 6 material, and target polishing process requirements. For example, by using the criteria of effectively lifting the polishing sand at low speed without slippage and not forming a centrifugal layer at high speed, several rotational speed gradients can be selected for polishing effect comparison to obtain the optimal guide strip 4 angle rotational speed matching curve, thereby determining the corresponding preset rotational speed threshold, the elastic modulus of the first spring 5224, and the weight of the counterweight 5223. The preset values ​​in this embodiment have clear feasibility and repeatability and do not constitute an obstacle to insufficient disclosure.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the speed limiter 53 is movably installed between the fixed plate 51 and the retainer 16. The speed limiter 53 includes a ratchet 531, a movable block 532, and a movable strip 533. The ratchet 531 is rotatably installed on the fixed plate 51 and is rotatably connected to the rotating disk 521. The rotating disk 521 can rotate freely, while the ratchet 531 can only rotate at a certain angle, such as 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 60 degrees. The movable block 532 is installed on the fixed plate 51 in a direction close to or away from the rotating disk 521. A rubber strip 534 is provided on the movable block 532. The rubber strip 534 is located on the outside of the rotating disk 521 and can fit against the outer wall of the rotating disk 521. One end of the movable strip 533 is hinged to the ratchet 531, and the other end of the movable strip 533 slides through the movable block 532. A second spring 535 is provided between the movable strip 533 and the movable block 532.

[0029] Furthermore, the ratchet 531 has an arc-shaped groove 5311, and the fixed plate 51 is provided with a pin 5312 that extends into the arc-shaped groove 5311. The arc-shaped groove 5311 and the pin 5312 cooperate to limit the rotation angle of the ratchet 531. When the ratchet 531 rotates to the position limited by the pin 5312, the ratchet 531 drives the movable block 532 to move through the movable strip 533, so that the rubber strip 534 on the movable block 532 presses against the rotating disk 521. One end of the connecting pin 5221 is provided with a pawl 5313, and the other end of the connecting pin 5221 passes through the connecting plate 5222 and is detachably connected to the connecting rod 5314 through a threaded connection. The connecting rod 5314 extends into the polishing cylinder 2 and connects to the sand guide strip 4. The pawl 5313 is configured to rotate with the connecting pin 5221 to engage with the ratchet 531 when the rotation speed of the rotating disk 521 reaches a preset value, and drive the ratchet 531 to rotate.

[0030] In this embodiment, the speed limiter 53 and the angle changer 522 work together to automatically trigger friction braking when the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3 exceeds a preset safety value, thereby achieving overspeed protection. It should be noted that when the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3 is too fast and exceeds the reasonable process range, the polishing sand may be firmly pressed onto the inner wall of the polishing cylinder 2 under the action of huge centrifugal force to form a dense sand ring, which may result in the loss of the waterfall effect and polishing failure, or even cause over-polishing of the gear surface. Therefore, by having the speed limiter 53 actively trigger friction braking when the preset safety value is reached, the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3 is limited to within the safety threshold, which can effectively avoid the risk of process failure and mechanical damage, and ensure that the equipment can still stably and reliably complete the polishing operation under high load conditions. The specific working process is as follows: One end of the connecting pin 5221 is provided with a pawl 5313. When the rotational speed of the mounting shaft 3 increases, causing the rotational speed of the rotating disk 521 to increase synchronously, the counterweight 5223 swings outward under the action of centrifugal force, driving the connecting plate 5222 and the connecting pin 5221 to rotate around the axis of the connecting pin 5221. The pawl 5313 then gradually changes its angle. When the rotational speed of the rotating disk 521 reaches a certain preset threshold (i.e., the upper limit of the safe rotational speed), the pawl 5313 rotates until it is fully engaged with the external teeth of the ratchet 531, and begins to actively drive the ratchet 531 to rotate. The ratchet 531 is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 51 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating disk 521, maintaining a relatively rotatable connection (for example, the ratchet 531 is loosely fitted on the journal of the rotating disk 521, and the two do not interfere with each other). The ratchet 531 has an arc-shaped groove 5311, and a pin 5312 extending into the arc-shaped groove 5311 is fixed on the fixing plate 51. The arc length of the arc-shaped groove 5311 limits the maximum rotation angle of the ratchet 531. Therefore, when the pawl 5313 drives the ratchet 531 to rotate, the ratchet 531 can only rotate within the angle range allowed by the arc-shaped groove 5311. Once the end of the arc-shaped groove 5311 touches the pin 5312, the ratchet 531 is stopped and cannot continue to rotate. During the rotation of the ratchet 531 driven by the pawl 5313, one end of the movable bar 533 is hinged to the ratchet 531 (the hinge point is located at the eccentric position of the rim of the ratchet 531), and the other end of the movable bar 533 slides through the through hole opened on the movable block 532. A second spring 535 is sleeved between the movable bar 533 and the movable block 532. Therefore, the rotation of the ratchet 531 will pull the movable bar 533 to produce displacement. In the initial state, the elastic force of the second spring 535 pushes the movable block 532 away from the ratchet 531, keeping the rubber strip 534 on the movable block 532 a safe clearance away from the outside of the rotating disk 521.When the ratchet 531 rotates, the movable bar 533 first slides relative to the movable block 532 and compresses the second spring 535 (at this time, the movable block 532 has not yet moved). As the rotation angle of the ratchet 531 increases, the limiting part at the end of the movable bar 533 begins to directly push the movable block 532, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring 535, forcing the movable block 532 to slide along the fixed plate 51 towards the rotating disk 521. When the ratchet 531 is limited by the engagement of the pin 5312 and the arc groove 5311, the movable block 532 has been pushed to its limit position. The rubber strip 534 on the movable block 532 presses against the outer circumferential surface of the rotating disk 521 with a set positive pressure, generating a frictional braking torque. This braking torque acts directly on the rotating disk 521. Since the rotating disk 521 is coaxially fixed to the mounting shaft 3, the rotation speed of the mounting shaft 3 is immediately limited and cannot be increased further. When the rotational speed drops below the safe value due to braking, the centrifugal force on the counterweight 5223 decreases, and it retracts inward under the action of the first spring 5224. The pawl 5313 disengages from the ratchet 531, and the ratchet 531 rotates in the opposite direction under the restoring force of the movable bar 533 and the second spring 535. The movable block 532 returns to its initial position, the rubber strip 534 releases the rotating disk 521, the brake is released, and the equipment resumes normal operation. Throughout the process, the cooperation between the arc groove 5311 and the pin 5312 ensures that the ratchet 531 swings only within the effective angle, thereby controlling the stroke and braking force of the rubber strip 534 pressing against the rotating disk 521 and preventing excessive braking or structural interference. The speed limiting mechanism and the angle adjustment function of the angle changing component 522 are both independent and coordinated. The angle changing component 522 is responsible for the adaptive adjustment of the angle of the guide sand strip 4 within the normal speed range, while the speed limiting component 53 intervenes to protect against extreme overspeed, jointly ensuring the safety and stability of the equipment within a wide speed range.

[0031] In another possible implementation, such as Figure 15As shown, the sand guide strip 4 has a cavity 41 along the height direction. A sliding block 42 is slidably connected in the cavity 41. A tension spring 44 is provided in the cavity 41. An extension block 43 is connected to the sliding block 42 and extends out of the cavity 41. The tension spring 44 has the tendency to drive the sliding block 42 and the extension block 43 to retract inward. The main purpose of this embodiment in opening a cavity 41 in the sand guide strip 4 and providing a sliding block 42, a tension spring 44 and an extension block 43 is that when the polishing cylinder 2 works at different speeds, the effective height of the sand-facing surface of the sand guide strip 4 can be automatically adjusted according to the working conditions, thereby forming a synergistic effect with the angle adjustment function of the sand guide strip 4. Specifically, when the polishing cylinder 2 is in the low-speed operation stage, the polishing sand accumulates at the bottom of the cylinder and the material layer is relatively thick. At this time, the tension spring 44 pulls the sliding block 42 to drive the extension block 43 to retract inward, so that the overall height of the guide strip 4 is reduced. This avoids unnecessary plowing resistance and local over-densification effect on the thick material layer due to the excessive length of the guide strip 4, which is conducive to the overall flow of the sand layer. When the speed of the polishing cylinder 2 increases and the polishing sand tends to become thinner due to centrifugal force along the cylinder wall, the extension block 43 overcomes the tension of the tension spring 44 and is thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force, which effectively increases the effective height of the guide strip 4. This allows the thin layer of polishing sand to be scooped up more fully and guided to the falling trajectory, making up for the problem of reduced sand collection caused by the thinning of the sand layer at high speed. This structure, in conjunction with the angle adjustment of the guide strip 4, achieves dual-dimensional adaptive control: reducing resistance at low speeds and increasing sand collection volume at high speeds. Compared to solutions that only change the angle, this further broadens the equipment's process adaptability. It requires no additional power or sensors, is compact, and responds directly. It should be noted that the extension block 43 telescopic structure is merely an optional improvement of this invention and is not a necessary technical feature to achieve the core objective of "adjusting the tilt angle of the guide strip 4 according to the rotational speed." Even without this telescopic structure, adjusting the angle of the guide strip 4 alone can significantly improve the falling pattern of polishing sand at different speeds, solving the technical problems pointed out in the background art. The addition of the sliding block 42, tension spring 44, and extension block 43 is a further optimization based on the aforementioned angle adjustment, used to compensate for the possible decrease in sand collection volume due to the thinning of the sand layer at high speeds. Therefore, those skilled in the art can selectively add or omit this feature according to specific process requirements (such as gear material, polishing precision, batch size). Its presence or absence does not constitute a substantial limitation on the scope of protection of this invention and is a typical optional additional feature.

[0032] This invention utilizes a planetary gear system consisting of a single motor 13, a friction wheel 15, a polishing cylinder 2, an internal gear ring 21, and a planetary gear set 162 within a cage 16, along with a driven gear 31. This system enables the polishing cylinder 2 and the mounting shaft 3 to rotate stably at the same speed but in opposite directions under the same power source, eliminating the need for additional drive or complex control. Simultaneously, a centrifugal angle-changing component 522 is installed on the rotating disk 521 fixed to the mounting shaft 3. By balancing the centrifugal force on the counterweight 5223 with the spring force, the tilt angle of the guide sand strip 4 is steplessly adjusted according to the rotational speed. This adjustment relies entirely on mechanical feedback, requiring no additional mechanical input. The sensor or electronic control component is fast-responding and highly reliable. On this basis, a centrifugal trigger speed limiter 53 can be further integrated. When overspeeding occurs, the ratchet 5313 drives the ratchet 531 to press the rubber strip 534 against the rotating disk 521 to achieve friction braking. Thus, the three major functions of driving, adaptive angle adjustment and speed limit protection are integrated into the same pure mechanical system. This not only greatly simplifies the equipment structure and reduces manufacturing costs, but also realizes the automatic optimization and matching of the polishing sand flow state within the speed range. It solves the industry problem of poor adaptability of the fixed sand guide strip 4 under variable speed conditions. This invention has high application value.

[0033] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment, characterized in that, include: The drive frame (1), polishing cylinder (2), and mounting shaft (3) are provided. The polishing cylinder (2) is rotatably mounted on the drive frame (1), and the mounting shaft (3) is rotatably mounted inside the polishing cylinder (2). The polishing cylinder (2) is filled with polishing sand. A gearbox gear (6) is mounted on the mounting shaft (3). The drive frame (1) is used to drive the polishing cylinder (2) and the mounting shaft (3) to rotate. At least one sand guide strip (4) extends along the axial direction of the polishing cylinder (2) and is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the polishing cylinder (2) such that the sand guide strip (4) can change its tilt angle relative to the inner wall of the polishing cylinder (2). An adjustment unit (5) is connected to the mounting shaft (3) and the sand guide strip (4). The adjustment unit (5) is configured to drive the sand guide strip (4) to rotate in response to changes in the rotational speed of the mounting shaft (3) in order to change the tilt angle of the sand guide strip (4).

2. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive frame (1) includes a base (11), a clamp (12) and a motor (13). The clamp (12) is fixedly installed on the base (11). The polishing cylinder (2) is rotatably installed inside the clamp (12). The motor (13) is installed on one side of the base (11). The output shaft of the motor (13) is coaxially connected to a drive shaft (14). At least two friction wheels (15) for driving the polishing cylinder (2) to rotate are installed on the drive shaft (14).

3. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A retainer (16) is provided on one side of the clamp (12). The retainer (16) includes a fixed shell (161) and at least two planetary gears (162). The fixed shell (161) is fixedly installed on the clamp (12). The mounting shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the fixed shell (161). A driven gear (31) is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft (3). Each of the planetary gears (162) is distributed around the retainer (16) and rotatably connected to the retainer (16). An internal gear ring (21) is formed on one side of the polishing cylinder (2). The internal gear ring (21) is rotatably installed in the fixed housing (161). Each planetary gear (162) is located between the internal gear ring (21) and the driven gear (31), and each planetary gear (162) meshes with the internal gear ring (21) and the driven gear (31).

4. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment unit (5) includes a fixed plate (51), a rotating component (52), and a speed limiting component (53). The fixed plate (51) is fixedly connected to the base (11). The rotating component (52) is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate (51) and is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft (3). The speed limiting component (53) is movably mounted between the fixed plate (51) and the retainer (16).

5. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating component (52) includes a rotating disk (521) and two angle-changing components (522). The two angle-changing components (522) are rotatably mounted on the rotating disk (521). The rotating disk (521) is coaxially fixedly connected to the mounting shaft (3). The angle-changing component (522) includes a connecting pin (5221), a connecting plate (5222), and a counterweight (5223). The connecting pin (5221) is fixedly installed on the connecting plate (5222) and rotatably installed on the rotating disk (521). One end of the connecting plate (5222) is connected to the counterweight (5223), and the other end of the connecting plate (5222) is connected to a first spring (5224). The first spring (5224) has a tendency to drive the counterweight (5223) to retract inward through the connecting plate (5222). A synchronizing rod (5225) is hinged between the two connecting plates (5222).

6. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The speed limiter (53) includes a ratchet (531), a movable block (532), and a movable strip (533). The ratchet (531) is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate (51) and is rotatably connected to the rotating disk (521). The movable block (532) is slidably mounted on the fixed plate (51) in a direction close to or away from the rotating disk (521). A rubber strip (534) is provided on the movable block (532) and is located outside the rotating disk (521). One end of the movable strip (533) is hinged to the ratchet (531), and the other end of the movable strip (533) slides through the movable block (532). A second spring (535) is provided between the movable strip (533) and the movable block (532) and has a tendency to drive the rubber strip (534) away from the rotating disk (521).

7. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratchet (531) has an arc-shaped groove (5311), and the fixed plate (51) is provided with a pin (5312) that extends into the arc-shaped groove (5311). The arc-shaped groove (5311) and the pin (5312) cooperate to limit the rotation angle of the ratchet (531). When the ratchet (531) rotates to be limited by the pin (5312), the ratchet (531) drives the movable block (532) to compress the second spring (535) through the movable strip (533), so that the rubber strip (534) on the movable block (532) presses the rotating disk (521).

8. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the connecting pin (5221) is provided with a pawl (5313), and the other end of the connecting pin (5221) passes through the connecting plate (5222) and is connected to a connecting rod (5314). The connecting rod (5314) extends into the polishing cylinder (2) and is connected to the sand guide strip (4). The pawl (5313) is configured to rotate with the connecting pin (5221) to engage with the ratchet (531) when the rotation speed of the rotating disk (521) reaches a preset value, and drive the ratchet (531) to rotate.

9. The gearbox gear processing and polishing equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: A sleeve (17) is fixedly installed on the base (11), and the polishing cylinder (2) is located inside the sleeve (17).

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