A stratum detection device of a TBM-mounted horizontal sounding system and a testing method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of integrated stratum detection device and test method of integrated horizontal sounding system carried on tunnel boring machine (TBM), the stratum detection device is modular integrated structure, each component can be independently split and assembled, including probe and probe rod, probe rod storage module, cable storage module, cable fixing module, penetration propulsion module, connector module and data transmission processing unit.It is characterized that probe rod and cable are separated, independently stored, after TBM excavates a certain distance, start detection device, probe and probe rod are penetrated into stratum soil, probe rod is automatically connected at the end in the process, and cable is simultaneously fixed, and probe rod is automatically recycled after detection is finished.The stratum detection device can obtain the mechanical parameters of TBM excavation face stratum rock and soil in time and accurately, overcome the different step problem of traditional detection means and TBM excavation process, provide important guarantee for avoiding construction risk, improving construction efficiency and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of in-situ testing in tunnel engineering and geotechnical engineering, specifically to an integrated stratum detection device mounted on a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and integrating a horizontal penetration test system, suitable for real-time acquisition of soil mechanical parameters and hydrogeological information in front of the excavation face during TBM tunneling. Background Technology

[0002] In urban subway and other tunnel construction projects, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) technology is widely used due to its advantages such as high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and minimal disturbance to the surrounding environment. However, if the tunneling process encounters weak interlayers or water-rich strata, it can easily induce geological disasters such as ground collapse and water inrush. This can lead to project delays and increased costs for tunnel construction.

[0003] While existing advanced geological prediction technologies, such as ground-penetrating radar and seismic wave detection, can roughly characterize geological interfaces, they cannot accurately obtain key physical and mechanical parameters of the soil and rock mass. Furthermore, existing traditional penetration testing systems are vertical point-based tests, which fail to reflect the continuous distribution characteristics of strata in the horizontal direction and cannot meet the requirement of obtaining real-time mechanical parameters of the soil and rock mass at the excavation face during tunnel excavation. Moreover, existing horizontal penetration testing systems require separate components such as reaction frames, but tunnel construction workspaces are relatively confined, and these systems are disconnected from the TBM excavation and tunnel lining construction processes, resulting in delayed detection and extremely low efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, the number of engineering projects in my country's eastern region with weak foundations and in the western region with complex mountainous geological conditions is increasing. In some areas, the strata are unevenly distributed, with the development of expansive soil, soft soil, and permafrost. Traditional advanced detection technologies are increasingly unable to meet the requirements of understanding geological information and accurately obtaining geotechnical parameters, posing potential engineering risks and easily leading to engineering accidents. For undersea tunnels and deep-buried tunnels, even higher demands are placed on the adaptability of tunneling technology and the accuracy of detection data. Simultaneously, TBM technology is developing towards automation and intelligence, combining tunneling and detection technologies to ensure simultaneous excavation and detection, achieving exploration as excavation progresses—a new requirement for excavation and detection technologies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a device that can operate synchronously with the TBM, equipped with a horizontal penetration testing system during tunneling, and capable of automatic detection, enabling exploration as excavation progresses and accurate parameter acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the problems of the disconnect between TBM tunneling and geological exploration in terms of procedures, and the unsuitability of traditional penetration testing systems for tunnel engineering operations. It proposes an integrated and automated TBM-mounted horizontal penetration testing system to accurately obtain key physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil at the tunnel face, thereby avoiding construction risks and improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0006] A formation exploration device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system features a modular integrated structure, with each component capable of independent disassembly and assembly. It includes a probe and probe rod, a probe rod storage module, a cable storage module, a rod extension module, a probe rod separation and retrieval module, a cable fixing module, a penetration propulsion module, and a data transmission processing unit. The specific structural locations are as follows:

[0007] The geological detection device is fixed inside the TBM and horizontally positioned along the tunnel excavation direction. The device is a modular integrated structure, with each component capable of independent disassembly and assembly. The frontmost part is a probe for direct penetration into the TBM face for geological detection. Behind the probe, a probe rod is coaxially connected to transmit force and extend the detection depth. A rod extension module is located at the rear of the probe rod to allow for rod connection and meet the requirements of long-distance horizontal penetration. A rod storage module is located behind the extension module to store spare probe rods, and it remains coaxial with the extension module along the penetration axis. A cable storage module is installed on the top or side to store cables. The front end of the cable connects to the probe, and the rear end connects to the data transmission and processing unit to realize the acquisition, transmission, and processing of formation data. A cable fixing module is installed during the axial penetration of the probe rod to achieve connection and synchronization between the cable and the probe rod. The penetration propulsion module is located in the middle and rear, where the drive component provides the propulsion force required for the probe and probe rod to penetrate into the TBM face, and the rear reaction frame is rigidly connected to the TBM's internal structure to provide reaction force support. After the test, the penetration propulsion module assists the probe rod separation and recovery module to achieve the disassembly, separation, and recovery of the probe rods. The integrated modular design allows each module component to be independent, facilitating assembly, maintenance, troubleshooting, and replacement, significantly saving costs and time. Furthermore, if new functions are added, only the corresponding module needs to be added, resulting in low modification costs and high flexibility.

[0008] Furthermore, the probe features a replaceable structure, and can be configured as one of the following: a static cone penetration test probe, a pore pressure static cone penetration test probe, a vane shear probe, a composite cone penetration test probe, a flat shovel probe, or a spiral cone penetration test probe. The probe rod is hollow, with a rifling-shaped cable groove on one side for securing the cable. A square groove is located at both the front and rear ends of the other side of the probe rod. The penetration module achieves penetration by clamping the probe rod or locking it into the square groove. During penetration, the probe rods are connected end-to-end, with connection aided by a connecting rod module or mechanical connection. The probe rod connection point is a replaceable structure, integrally formed with the probe rod body, and can be configured as one of the following: a straight insertion type, a hinged type, a sliding groove / guide rail type, a ball-operated self-locking quick-insertion type, an elastic snap type, a pin type, an internal / external threaded end type, a rotating sleeve type, or a floating block locking type. The probe and probe rod can be flexibly replaced, improving the adaptability of the detection device to different geological conditions and working conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, the probe storage module consists of a turntable connected to a turntable drive rod, with the turntable rotating along with the drive rod. The probes are stored in a ring within the probe storage module. The probe storage module is a replaceable structure, configured as a cylindrical, ring-shaped, or revolver-like turntable. After the front probe is inserted, the probe storage module rotates, bringing the front and rear probes to the same horizontal level. The rotation function of the storage module ensures the continuity of the detection operation and significantly improves efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, the cable is made of a wear-resistant material, separate from the probe rod, and wound and placed in the cable storage module. One end is connected to the probe, and the other end is connected to the data transmission and processing unit. The cable storage module is a replaceable structure, configured as a winch, winding reel, drum, or cable reel. This separate design of the cable and probe rod differs from the conventional integrated design of the probe rod and cable in probing. The probe rod and cable are stored separately, facilitating storage and management.

[0011] Furthermore, the connecting rod module is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary clamping, top-pressing, sliding groove, or straight cylinder connecting rod auxiliary structure; the formation detection device also includes a probe separation and recovery module, which is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary, pin-pulling, side-pressing, or floating unlocking block rod separation structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the cable fixing module is a wiring structure that places and fixes the cable in the rifling-shaped cable groove on the side of the probe during the probe insertion process; the cable fixing module is a replaceable structure and can be configured as one of the following: embedded slot / guide rail, self-locking buckle, ring clamp, pneumatic clamp, chuck, wire pressure plate, fixing clip or buckle;

[0013] Furthermore, the penetration propulsion module includes a drive unit and a reaction support frame. The drive unit can be set independently or reuse the TBM's built-in drive. The reaction support frame is fixed to a part of the TBM shield with sufficient reaction force bearing capacity by high-strength bolts, relying on the shield's own weight to provide the penetration reaction force. The drive unit is a replaceable component, configured as one of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic thrust cylinder, piston cylinder, electro-hydraulic cylinder, thrust electric cylinder, or thrust pneumatic cylinder. The power of the penetration propulsion module can be provided by the TBM system's built-in drive, while the reaction force is provided by the shield. The structure is simplified, and it is connected to the TBM main control system to achieve efficient operation of the exploration operation.

[0014] Furthermore, the data transmission processing unit includes a transmission module, a cloud platform server, and a client. The transmission module includes cables that connect directly or indirectly to the TBM main control room. The cloud platform server integrates data storage, processing, and analysis functions, and uses algorithms to invert soil parameters. The client can view test curves and geological evaluation results in real time. The TBM tunneling face offers high visualization of strata parameters, faster response, and more comprehensive data display.

[0015] Furthermore, the geological detection device is installed behind the soil chamber partition of the TBM front shield and does not contact the soil in the TBM soil chamber. The probe and probe rod penetrate the strata at the TBM excavation face, passing successively through the TBM front shield and the cutterhead. After the probe and probe rod are connected, they extend from the grouting port, modified material injection hole, or independently set penetration hole in the front shield soil chamber partition, and then penetrate the rock and soil of the tunnel face strata through the cutterhead's opening. The cutterhead panel, roller cutter, scraper, and other components do not obstruct the probe. The specific mounting position of the geological detection device inside the TBM is proposed, allowing for simultaneous detection operations without interfering with the tunneling work.

[0016] This invention also proposes a test method for the aforementioned formation detection device equipped with a TBM horizontal penetration test system, comprising the following test steps:

[0017] (1) Installation: According to the integration method, fix the horizontal penetration system detection device to the preset installation position of the tunneling machine, adjust the device to be horizontal so that the penetration direction is consistent with the TBM tunneling direction, connect the detection device and the TBM control system PLC, and calibrate the data transmission to ensure that the device is installed firmly and the connection is normal.

[0018] (2) Start-up: Start the TBM and horizontal penetration system detection device, test the coordination between the device and the TBM tunneling system, start the data acquisition system, confirm that the power supply is stable and the data transmission is normal, the penetration propulsion module is flexible and without jamming, and all equipment is operating normally.

[0019] (3) Penetration: Start the TBM to advance normally. When the TBM advances an appropriate distance and stops tunneling, the probe storage module, cable storage module, rod connection module and penetration advancement module of the penetration system are started simultaneously. The probe is penetrated into the soil of the tunnel face at a constant rate until the preset penetration distance is reached. The mechanical parameters of the soil and rock at the TBM tunnel face are recorded in real time.

[0020] (4) Stop: When the probe reaches the preset penetration depth and complete test data is collected, stop the penetration action of the probe system, keep the data acquisition system running for a while to ensure that all test data is completely retained.

[0021] (5) Retrieve, control the penetration propulsion module and probe recovery module to slowly and uniformly retrieve the probe and probe from the formation at the working face. If necessary, clean the surface of the probe, check the probe wear, sensor performance and the status of the device's fixed structure, complete the single test, and after the phase test is completed, shut down all equipment and perform calibration and maintenance on the device.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] (1) It overcomes the asynchrony problem between traditional detection methods and the tunneling process, ensuring that TBM tunneling and penetration testing are carried out synchronously in terms of procedures. This improves tunneling and detection efficiency and saves economic and time costs;

[0024] (2) The embedded stratum detection device based on TBM abandons the cumbersome process of traditional detection requiring separate construction of power and reaction components, and adopts the existing structural components in TBM, which not only simplifies the device structure, but also improves the stability and reliability of detection.

[0025] (3) The integrated design of data acquisition, data transmission and data analysis ensures that the accuracy and stability of the soil test data are better than the existing advanced detection technologies (ground penetrating radar, seismic wave detection), providing a good guarantee for optimizing TBM tunneling parameters and early warning of engineering risks;

[0026] (4) The device has a modular design, and the overall structure is compact and lightweight, which is suitable for the narrow space inside the TBM shield in tunnel engineering. In addition, the modular design also facilitates the transportation, assembly, maintenance and repair of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This invention relates to a formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an example probe and probe rod of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the structural details of the key modules of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a TBM cutterhead.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a TBM front shield soil chamber and bulkhead.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a TBM structure that can be equipped with the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is an example diagram showing the positions of the detection device and the TBM-mounted device of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Probe; 2-Probe rod; 3-Probe rod storage module; 4-Abrasion-resistant cable; 5-Cable storage module; 6-Rod connection module; 7-Cable fixing module; 8-Penetration propulsion module; 9-Hydraulic thrust cylinder; 10-Reaction support frame; 11-Data transmission processing unit; 12-Transmission screw; 13-Guide rail; 14-Probe rod rifling cable groove; 15-Probe rod square slot; 16-TBM cutterhead; 17-Cutterhead panel; 18-Cutterhead roller; 19-Cutterhead scraper; 20-Cutterhead cutterhead cutter; 21-TBM front shield; 22-TBM drive unit; 23-TBM soil chamber partition; 24-TBM soil chamber partition opening; 25-TBM soil chamber; 26-TBM formation detection device equipped with horizontal penetration test system. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments (taking the static cone penetration test CPTU as an example). Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some examples of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] A formation exploration device (taking CPTU as an example) equipped with a TBM and a horizontal penetration test system includes:

[0037] CPTU probe 1, probe rod 2, probe rod storage module 3, cable 4, cable storage module 5, rod connection module 6, cable fixing module 7, penetration and propulsion module 8, and data transmission processing unit 11.

[0038] like Figures 1-3As shown, the geological detection device is fixed inside the TBM and horizontally positioned along the tunnel excavation direction. The device is a modular integrated structure, with each component capable of independent disassembly and assembly. The foremost part is a CPTU probe 1, used to directly penetrate the geological formation at the TBM face for detection. Behind probe 1, a probe rod 2 is coaxially connected to it, enabling force transmission and extending the detection depth. A rod connection module 6 is installed at the rear end of probe rod 2 to allow for probe rod splicing, meeting the requirements for long-distance horizontal penetration. A probe rod storage module 3 is installed behind the rod connection module 6 to store spare probe rods, and is coaxial with the rod connection module along the penetration axis. Above the geological detection device... A cable storage module 5 is installed on one side to store the cable 4; the front end of the cable 4 is connected to the CPTU probe 1, and the rear end is connected to the data transmission and processing unit 11 to realize the acquisition, transmission and processing of formation data; a cable fixing module 7 is set up during the axial penetration of the probe 2 to realize the connection and synchronization between the cable 4 and the probe 2; the penetration propulsion module 8 is set in the middle and rear, in which the drive component 9 provides the propulsion force required for the probe and probe to penetrate into the TBM face, and the rear reaction frame 10 is rigidly connected to the inside of the TBM to provide reaction force support; after the test, the penetration propulsion module assists the probe separation and recovery module to realize the disassembly, separation and recovery of the probes 2 (e.g. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the probe separation and recovery module and the probe receiving module are integrated.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the CPTU probe 1 includes a cone tip, a sidewall friction cylinder, a pore pressure sensor, and a built-in data acquisition card. The CPTU probe 1 integrates a pressure sensor and a temperature compensation module. The sidewall friction cylinder is coaxially arranged with the probe. The pore pressure sensor contacts the soil through a filter ring, stores and preprocesses the detection data in real time, and can accurately measure the cone tip resistance (q) of the soil and rock mass in real time. c ), side wall friction (f s Parameters such as pore water pressure (u) and pore water pressure (u) are measured. The CPTU probe 1 can be replaced with static cone penetration test, vane shear test, or other probe types depending on the actual project and budget. Figure 2 The probe rod 2 shown is hollow, with a rifling-shaped cable groove 14 on one side for fixing the cable. A square groove 15 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the other side of the probe rod. The penetration and propulsion module 8 achieves penetration by clamping the probe rod 2 or locking the square groove 15. During penetration, the probe rods 2 are connected end-to-end, docked via a connecting rod auxiliary device or mechanical docking. The docking point of the probe rods 2 is a replaceable structure, integrally formed with the probe rod 2 body, and can be configured as a straight insertion type, hinged type, sliding groove / guide rail type, ball-bearing self-locking quick insertion type, elastic buckle type, pin type, internal thread end / external thread end type, rotating sleeve type, or floating block locking type. Figure 2 As shown, the probe rod 2 in this embodiment uses an internal thread end / external thread end type (female head) at the connection.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the probe storage module 3 is composed of a turntable and a turntable drive rod, with the turntable rotating with the drive rod. The probes 2 are stored in the probe storage module 3 in a ring shape. The probe storage module 3 can be cylindrical, ring-shaped, or turntable-shaped. After the front probe is inserted, the probe storage module 3 rotates, bringing the front and rear probes to the same horizontal level. Figure 1 and 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the probe storage module 3 is a rotary storage bin.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cable 4 is made of a wear-resistant material, is separate from the probe 2, and is wound and placed in the cable storage module 5. (See reference) Figure 1 One end of the cable is connected to the CPTU probe 1, and the other end is connected to the data transmission and processing unit 11. The cable storage module 5 is a replaceable structure, configured as one of a winch, winding reel, spool, or cable reel, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the cable storage module here uses a winding winch as an example.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rod module 6 is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary clamping, top-pressing, sliding groove, or straight cylindrical connecting rod auxiliary structure. The formation detection device also includes a probe separation and recovery module, which is also a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary, pin-pulling, side-pressing, or floating unlocking block rod separation structure. The probe separation and recovery module can be integrated into the connecting rod module 6 or configured independently. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment, the connecting rod module and the probe separation and recovery module are integrated, taking a pneumatic self-rotating three-jaw chuck as an example.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cable fixing module 7 is a wiring structure that places and fixes the cable 4 in the rifling-shaped cable groove 14 on the side of the probe 2 during insertion. The cable fixing module 7 is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: embedded slot / guide rail, self-locking buckle, annular clamp, pneumatic clamp, chuck, wire clamping plate, fixing clip, or buckle. Figure 1 As shown, the pneumatic clamp of the cable fixing module 7 is taken as an example.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the penetration propulsion module 8 includes a drive unit 9 and a reaction support frame 10. The drive unit can be set independently or reuse the TBM's built-in drive. The reaction support frame is fixed to a part of the TBM shield with sufficient reaction force bearing capacity by high-strength bolts, and provides the penetration reaction force based on the shield's own weight. The drive unit 9 can be replaced by one of the following: a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic thrust cylinder, a piston cylinder, an electro-hydraulic cylinder, a thrust electric cylinder, or a thrust pneumatic cylinder. Figure 3 As shown, the embodiment is a hydraulic thrust cylinder.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data transmission processing unit 11 includes a transmission module, a cloud platform server, and a client. The transmission module includes a cable, which is directly or indirectly (e.g., through a data acquisition card) connected to the TBM main control room. The cloud platform server integrates data storage, processing, and analysis functions, and inverts soil parameters based on algorithms. The client can view test curves and geological evaluation results in real time.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4-5 As shown, after the probe 1 is connected to the probe rod 2, it extends from the opening position 24 of the front shield soil chamber partition 23 (such as a grouting port, a modified material injection hole, or a separately set penetration hole). It then penetrates the tunnel face strata and soil through the hollowed-out opening of the cutterhead 16. Components such as the cutterhead panel 17, the roller cutter 18, and the scraper 19 do not obstruct the probe. Figure 6-7 As shown, the ground penetration device is positioned behind the soil chamber partition 23 of the TBM front shield and does not contact the soil in the TBM soil chamber 25. The probe 1 and probe rod 2 penetrate the ground at the TBM excavation face, passing successively through the TBM front shield 21 and the cutterhead 16.

[0047] This invention proposes a formation detection device and testing method for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system, comprising the following testing steps:

[0048] (1) Installation: According to the integration method, fix the formation detection device equipped with the horizontal penetration test system (taking static penetration test CPTU as an example) to the preset installation position of the tunnel boring machine, adjust the device to be horizontal, and keep the penetration direction consistent with the TBM tunneling direction. Connect the formation detection device and the TBM control system PLC, and calibrate the cone tip resistance, sidewall friction resistance, pore water pressure sensor and data transmission status to ensure that the device is firmly fixed and the connection is normal.

[0049] (2) Start-up: Start the TBM and detection device, and test the coordination between the device and the TBM tunneling system. Start the data acquisition system, confirm that the power supply is stable and the data transmission is normal, the penetration propulsion module 8 is flexible and without jamming, and all equipment is operating normally.

[0050] (3) Penetration: Start the TBM to advance normally. After the TBM has advanced an appropriate distance and stopped tunneling, simultaneously start the probe storage module 3, cable storage module 5, probe connection module 6, cable fixing module 7, and penetration advancement module 8. At a constant penetration rate, insert the CPTU probe into the soil at the tunnel face and continue inserting the probe to extend the detection distance until the preset penetration distance is reached. Real-time acquisition of cone tip resistance (q) is performed. c ), side wall friction (f sData on soil and rock masses, such as pore water pressure (u).

[0051] (4) Stop: When the probe reaches the preset penetration depth and complete test data is collected, stop the CPTU device penetration action, keep the data acquisition system running for a while to ensure that all test data is completely retained.

[0052] (5) Retrieve and control the penetration propulsion module 8 and probe recovery module (e.g. Figure 1-2 As shown, the probe module 6 integrates the probe separation and retrieval function, using the transmission screw 12 and guide rail 13 to assist in the retrieval of probe 2, slowly and uniformly retrieving the CPTU probe 1 and probe 2 from the working face formation. If necessary, clean any adhering substances from the probe surface, check probe wear, sensor performance, and the condition of the device's fixing structure to complete a single test. After the phased test is completed, shut down all equipment and perform calibration and maintenance on the device.

[0053] The present invention provides a formation detection device and testing method for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] This invention, which integrates a horizontal penetration testing system into a TBM, overcomes the asynchrony between traditional detection methods and the tunneling process, ensuring that TBM tunneling and penetration testing are synchronized in the process. It can accurately collect key parameters of the soil and rock mass at the TBM tunneling face in real time. This significantly improves tunneling and detection efficiency, providing a solid foundation for optimizing TBM tunneling parameters and providing early warning of engineering risks.

[0055] Obviously, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications and changes made to the present invention within the spirit and scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formation exploration device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration testing system, characterized in that, The detection device includes a probe, a probe rod, a probe rod storage module, a cable, a cable storage module, a rod extension module, a cable fixing module, a penetration and propulsion module, a probe rod separation and retrieval module, and a data transmission processing unit. The geological detection device is fixed inside the TBM and horizontally positioned along the tunnel excavation direction. The device has a modular integrated structure, and each component can be independently disassembled and assembled. The front end is a probe used to directly penetrate the geological formation at the TBM face for detection. Behind the probe, a probe rod is coaxially connected to achieve force transmission and extend the detection depth. A rod connection module is set at the rear end of the probe rod to enable the connection of probe rods and meet the needs of long-distance horizontal penetration. A probe rod storage module is set behind the rod connection module to store spare probe rods and is coaxial with the rod connection module along the penetration axis. A cable storage module is set above or to one side of the geological detection device to store cables. The cable is connected to the probe at the front end and to the data transmission and processing unit at the rear end to realize the acquisition, transmission and processing of formation data; a cable fixing module is set up during the axial penetration of the probe rod to realize the connection and synchronization of the cable and the probe rod; the penetration propulsion module is set in the middle and rear part, in which the drive component provides the propulsion force required for the probe and probe rod to penetrate into the TBM face, and the rear reaction frame is rigidly connected to the inside of the TBM to provide reaction force support; after the test, the penetration propulsion module assists the probe rod separation and recovery module to realize the disassembly, separation and recovery of the probe rods.

2. A formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe has a replaceable structure and can be configured as one of the following: static cone penetration probe, pore pressure static cone penetration probe, vane shear probe, composite cone penetration probe, flat chisel probe, or spiral cone penetration probe. The probe is hollow, and a rifling-shaped cable groove is provided on one side to fix the cable. A square groove is provided at the front and rear ends of the other side of the probe rod. The penetration and propulsion module achieves penetration by clamping the probe rod or locking the square groove. During penetration, the probes are connected end to end, and the connection is assisted by the connecting rod module or mechanical connection. The probe connection is a replaceable structure, and the connection structure is integrally formed with the probe body. It can be set as one of the following: straight insertion type, hinged type, sliding groove / guide rail type, steel ball self-locking quick insertion type, elastic buckle type, pin type, internal thread end / external thread end type, rotating sleeve type or floating block locking type.

3. A formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The probe storage module consists of a turntable and a turntable drive rod, and the turntable rotates with the drive rod, with the probes stored in the probe storage module in a ring shape. The probe storage module is a replaceable structure, configured as a cylindrical, annular, or rotary disc. After the front probe is inserted, the probe storage module rotates so that the front and rear probes are on the same horizontal line.

4. A formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cable is separated from the probe and wound up in the cable storage module; The cable storage module is a replaceable structure and can be configured as one of a winch, winding reel, drum, or cable reel.

5. A formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting rod module is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary clamping, top pressing, sliding groove, or straight cylindrical connecting rod auxiliary structure; The formation detection device also includes a probe separation and recovery module, which is a replaceable structure and can be configured as one of the following: hydraulic / pneumatic rotary, pin-pulling, side-pressing, or floating unlocking block type probe separation structure.

6. A formation exploration device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cable fixing module is a wiring structure that places and fixes the cable in the rifling-shaped cable groove on the side of the probe during the probe insertion process. The cable fixing module is a replaceable structure, configured as one of the following: embedded slot / guide rail, self-locking buckle, ring clamp, pneumatic clamp, chuck, wire pressure plate, fixing clip or buckle.

7. A formation exploration device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The penetration propulsion module includes a drive unit and a reaction support frame; the drive unit can be set independently or reuse the TBM's built-in drive; the reaction support frame is fixed to a part of the TBM shield with sufficient reaction force bearing capacity by high-strength bolts, and provides penetration reaction force by relying on the shield's own weight. The drive unit is a replaceable component and can be configured as one of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic thrust cylinder, piston cylinder, electric hydraulic cylinder, thrust electric cylinder, or thrust air cylinder.

8. The formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data transmission processing unit includes a transmission module, a cloud platform server, and a client; the transmission module includes a cable and is connected to the TBM main control room; the cloud platform server integrates data storage, processing, and analysis functions, and inverts soil parameters based on algorithms; The client can view the test curves and geological evaluation results in real time.

9. A formation detection device for a TBM equipped with a horizontal penetration test system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The geological detection device is placed behind the soil chamber partition of the TBM front shield and does not come into contact with the soil in the TBM soil chamber. The probe and probe rod must pass through the TBM front shield and cutterhead successively to penetrate the strata at the TBM excavation face; After the probe is connected to the probe rod, it extends from the grouting port, the modified material injection hole, or the independently set penetration hole of the front shield soil chamber partition, and then penetrates into the rock and soil of the working face through the hollow of the cutterhead. The cutterhead panel, the roller cutter, and the scraper components do not obstruct the probe.

10. A test method for a formation detection device equipped with a TBM and a horizontal penetration test system, characterized in that, Using the testing apparatus described in any one of claims 1-9, The method includes the following testing steps: (1) Installation: According to the integration method, fix the horizontal penetration system detection device to the preset installation position of the tunneling machine, adjust the device to be horizontal so that the penetration direction is consistent with the TBM tunneling direction, connect the detection device and the TBM control system PLC, and calibrate the data transmission to ensure that the device is installed firmly and the connection is normal. (2) Start-up: Start the TBM and horizontal penetration system detection device, test the coordination between the device and the TBM tunneling system, start the data acquisition system, confirm that the power supply is stable and the data transmission is normal, the penetration propulsion module is flexible and without jamming, and all equipment is operating normally. (3) Penetration: Start the TBM to advance normally. When the TBM advances an appropriate distance and stops tunneling, the probe storage module, cable storage module, rod connection module and penetration advancement module of the penetration system are started simultaneously. The probe is penetrated into the soil of the tunnel face at a constant rate until the preset penetration distance is reached. The mechanical parameters of the soil and rock at the TBM tunnel face are recorded in real time. (4) Stop: When the probe reaches the preset penetration depth and complete test data is collected, stop the penetration action of the probe system, keep the data acquisition system running for a while to ensure that all test data is completely retained. (5) Retrieve, control the penetration propulsion module and probe separation and retrieval module to slowly and uniformly retrieve the probe and probe from the formation at the working face, clean the surface of the probe, check the probe wear, sensor performance and the status of the device's fixed structure, complete the single test, and after the phase test is completed, shut down all equipment and perform calibration and maintenance on the device.

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