Comprehensive cooling air conditioning system and cooling method for high-temperature deep-buried super-long tunnel

Abstract

This invention discloses a comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system and cooling method for ultra-long, deep-buried tunnels in the field of cooling systems. The system includes a ventilation unit, a mechanical refrigeration unit, a natural cold source unit, a heat exchange unit, and a control unit. The ventilation unit includes multiple air coolers arranged in series along the air supply duct. The air coolers cool the air inside the duct through the heat exchange unit. The mechanical refrigeration unit and the natural cold source unit supply cooling to the heat exchange unit. The control unit controls the system to intelligently switch between three operating modes: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, and natural cold source cooling. This invention can achieve precise, step-by-step cooling along the air supply path of ultra-long tunnels, effectively overcoming the technical problem of temperature rise along the air supply path due to the long air supply distance in deep-buried tunnels. Furthermore, when the natural water source temperature is suitable, it directly utilizes the natural cold source to replace mechanical refrigeration, significantly reducing the system's energy consumption and solving the prominent problems of high energy consumption and high operating costs in cooling systems for deep-buried, high-temperature tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cooling systems, and more particularly to a comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system and cooling method for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] As transportation, water conservancy, and energy projects extend into the western plateau and deep strata, the scale of construction of long, deep-buried mountain tunnels continues to expand, leading to a significant increase in the number of high-temperature tunnels. Due to their great depth and complex geological structures, deep-buried tunnels often pass through areas with underground hot water. During construction, the temperature at the tunnel face far exceeds safety standards, seriously threatening the health of workers and causing reduced efficiency of construction machinery and equipment, as well as frequent electrical equipment failures. High-temperature heat hazards have become a key technical bottleneck restricting the smooth progress of these projects.

[0003] Existing cooling measures mainly include enhanced ventilation, misting, ice cooling, thermal insulation lining, and localized cooling. Ventilation cooling is only suitable for short-distance, low-ground-temperature conditions. When supplying air over ultra-long distances, the temperature of the fresh air rises significantly along the way, and it cannot meet the cooling requirements by the time it reaches the working face. While misting can temporarily reduce local temperatures, it significantly increases air humidity, and the subsequent release of latent heat can easily cause secondary damage to personnel and electrical equipment. Ice cooling requires supporting ice-making and long-distance transportation facilities, which presents problems such as difficulties in ice transportation, limited cooling range, and insufficient continuous cooling capacity. Thermal insulation lining will affect the progress of civil construction, and its insulation effect is difficult to guarantee due to water seepage from surrounding rock fissures. Localized cooling is essentially just a heat transfer method, and in ultra-long tunnels, the front section is often cold while the rear section is hot, which cannot systematically solve the problem of high ground temperatures.

[0004] In the coal mining sector, centralized ground cooling systems have been used to some extent. These systems rely on sophisticated ventilation systems and dedicated return air ducts to achieve short-distance air supply, providing excellent cooling effects and simplifying operation and maintenance. However, tunnel construction differs significantly from coal mining: tunnels lack dedicated return air ducts, and the excavation distance can be several kilometers or even more than ten kilometers. The cooling equipment at the tunnel face needs to be moved frequently as the excavation progresses, making it impossible to directly transplant the fixed cooling model used in coal mines.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive cooling system that adapts to the characteristics of ultra-long tunnels, high burial depths, and high ground temperatures, and integrates ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, cold storage, and utilization of natural cold sources, in order to solve the problem of high-temperature heat damage during the construction of deep-buried, high-ground-temperature tunnels and achieve low-energy consumption and high-efficiency treatment of heat damage at the tunnel face. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing cooling systems in high-temperature, deep-buried ultra-long tunnels, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a low-energy-consumption, high-efficiency integrated cooling and air conditioning system and cooling method for high-temperature, deep-buried ultra-long tunnels.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels includes: The ventilation unit includes a blower installed outside the tunnel, an air supply duct connected to the blower and arranged along the tunnel, and multiple air coolers spaced apart on the air supply duct. Mechanical refrigeration unit, including water-cooled units and supporting equipment located in a ground-level refrigeration room; The natural cooling source unit includes a water storage tank connected to a natural water source; A cold storage unit, including a cold storage tank connected to a water-cooled unit; The heat exchange unit includes a high-low pressure conversion device located inside the tunnel. The high-pressure interface of the high-low pressure conversion device is connected to the water-cooled unit and the water storage tank through a primary chilled water pipe, and the low-pressure interface of the high-low pressure conversion device is connected to each air cooler through a secondary chilled water pipe. The control unit is electrically connected to the electrical equipment in the ventilation unit, mechanical refrigeration unit, natural cold source unit, cold storage unit, and heat exchange unit, and is used to control the switching and control of four operating conditions: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, natural cold source cooling, and cold storage.

[0008] Furthermore, the air cooler is a mobile device, including an air inlet, an air outlet, and a cooling coil disposed between the two. The air inlet and the air outlet are respectively connected to the front and rear air supply pipes, and the cooling coil is connected to the secondary chilled water pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, both the air inlet and outlet of the air cooler are equipped with temperature sensors electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit is configured to start working when the temperature at the air inlet exceeds a set threshold, using cooling water from the secondary chilled water pipe to exchange heat with the air, and controlling the working power of the air cooler based on the temperature difference between the air outlet and the air inlet; and to stop working when the temperature at the air inlet is lower than the set threshold.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple air coolers are connected in parallel with secondary chilled water pipes. A solenoid valve is provided between the cooling coil of the air cooler and the secondary chilled water pipe. A cooling water pump is provided on the secondary chilled water pipe. The control unit is electrically connected to each solenoid valve and the cooling water pump and is configured such that when the temperature at the air inlet of a certain air cooler exceeds a set threshold, the solenoid valve of the corresponding air cooler opens; otherwise, it closes. As long as the solenoid valve of one air cooler is opened, the cooling water pump starts to work.

[0011] Furthermore, the mechanical refrigeration unit includes a cold water tank, the inlet of which is connected to the water-cooled unit, and a first inlet valve is provided at the inlet. The outlet is connected to the high-low pressure conversion device through the supply pipe in the primary cold water pipe, and a first supply pump is provided at the outlet. The return pipe in the primary cold water pipe is connected to the water-cooled unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the mechanical refrigeration unit also includes a cold storage tank, which is connected in parallel with the cold water tank. The cold storage tank has a second inlet valve at its inlet and a second water supply pump at its outlet. The control unit is electrically connected to the first inlet valve, the second inlet valve, the first water supply pump, and the second water supply pump, and is configured to control the opening degree of the first inlet valve and the second inlet valve, as well as the power of the first water supply pump and the second water supply pump, according to the workload of the heat exchange unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the supply pipe of the primary cold water pipe, and a third water supply pump is installed at the outlet. A water thermometer is installed at the natural water source. The control unit is electrically connected to the third water supply pump and the water thermometer. When the control unit detects that the temperature of the natural water source is lower than the set temperature, it stops the operation of the water chiller and switches to the water storage tank for cooling. When the temperature of the natural water source is higher than the set temperature, it resumes the operation of the water chiller.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a cooling tower, which is connected to the water-cooled unit via an outdoor circulation pipe, and an external circulation pump is installed on the outdoor circulation pipe.

[0015] The comprehensive cooling method for high-temperature, deep-buried ultra-long tunnels employs the aforementioned comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system. A blower delivers fresh air from outside the tunnel into the tunnel's air duct. Based on the air temperature within the duct, the air is sequentially cooled by air coolers arranged in series, ensuring the air temperature reaching the working area remains within a set range. During this process, heat exchange units exchange heat with the air coolers, and mechanical refrigeration units or natural cold source units exchange heat with the heat exchange units. The control unit switches between four operating modes—ventilation, mechanical refrigeration cooling, natural cold source cooling, and cold storage—by detecting the air temperature within the air duct and the natural water temperature. When the air temperature within the air duct is below the set value, only ventilation is performed, and the air coolers are not activated; otherwise, mechanical refrigeration is used for cooling. When the natural water temperature is below the set value, natural cold source cooling replaces mechanical refrigeration. When the load on the heat exchange unit is less than the cooling capacity of the mechanical refrigeration unit, excess cold water is stored in a cold storage tank for cold storage. When the load on the heat exchange unit increases, water from the cold storage tank is used preferentially for cooling.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves precise, step-by-step cooling along the air supply path of ultra-long tunnels by arranging multiple air coolers in series along the air supply duct, effectively overcoming the technical challenge of temperature rise along the air supply path in deeply buried tunnels due to excessively long air supply distances. Furthermore, this invention organically integrates mechanical refrigeration and natural cold source cooling modes. The control unit intelligently switches operating conditions based on the air temperature inside the air supply duct and the natural water temperature. When the natural water temperature is suitable, natural cold source is directly used to replace mechanical refrigeration. Simultaneously, by configuring a cold storage tank, chilled water is stored during periods of low air cooler load or low electricity consumption, and prioritized for use during periods of high load or high electricity consumption, significantly reducing system energy consumption and resource waste. This solves the prominent problems of high energy consumption and high operating costs in cooling systems for deeply buried high-geothermal tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0018] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Air cooler, 2-Water chiller unit, 3-Water storage tank, 4-High and low pressure conversion device, 5-Cold water tank, 6-Cold storage tank, 7-Cooling water tower, 11-Blower, 12-Blower duct, 31-Third water supply pump, 41-Primary cold water pipe, 42-Secondary cold water pipe, 43-Cooling water pump, 51-First inlet valve, 52-First water supply pump, 61-Second inlet valve, 62-Second water supply pump, 71-Outdoor circulation pipe, 72-External circulation pump. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels provided in this embodiment mainly consists of a ventilation unit, a mechanical refrigeration unit, a natural cold source unit, a cold storage unit, a heat exchange unit, and a control unit. Each unit is interconnected through air ducts, water pipes, and control circuits. The specific working process is as follows: Fresh air from outside the tunnel is supplied by the blower 11 through the air supply duct 12. As it absorbs heat from the tunnel's return air section, its temperature gradually increases. When the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12 reaches approximately 32°C, an air cooler 1 is connected to lower the air temperature to approximately 22°C. Subsequently, the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12 rises again to approximately 32°C, and another air cooler 1 is connected to lower it further. This process continues until the air temperature at the working area reached by the air supply duct 12 is maintained at approximately 28°C, ensuring that the working environment meets construction requirements. Exhaust air is discharged outside the tunnel by a jet fan through an exhaust shaft or the tunnel's return air section. The cooling capacity of the air cooler 1 is provided by chilled water produced by a mechanical refrigeration unit or a natural cold source unit. The chilled water is first transported through a primary chilled water pipe 41 to a high-low pressure conversion device 4 located inside the tunnel. The high-low pressure conversion device 4 cools the cooling water in the secondary chilled water pipe 42 through heat exchange before supplying it to each stage of the air cooler 1. The high-low pressure conversion device 4 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, used to effectively isolate the water circulation between the high-pressure side at ground level and the low-pressure side inside the tunnel. This avoids problems such as overpressure of terminal equipment caused by large elevation differences inside and outside the deeply buried tunnel, ensuring the safety and reliability of the system's long-term operation. The control unit is electrically connected to the electrical equipment in each unit. By real-time monitoring of the air temperature inside the duct and the temperature of the natural cold source water, it automatically switches and precisely controls the system between four operating conditions: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, natural cold source cooling, and cold storage.

[0021] Among them, the timing and temperature of cooling of air cooler 1 are mainly set according to the working area temperature, the heat exchange efficiency of air cooler 1 and high and low pressure conversion device 4, the cooling capacity of mechanical refrigeration and natural cold source, and the loss of cold energy transportation, so as to ensure that the overall energy consumption is in a low state. At the same time, in order to avoid resource waste, the present invention is equipped with a cold storage unit, which uses cold storage pool 6 to temporarily store the cold water produced by water chiller 2. Cold storage is mainly carried out in the following two situations. One is that the air temperature outside the tunnel is low, which means that some air coolers 1 do not need to work or require little cooling capacity. At this time, the normal operation of water chiller 2 will lead to excess cooling capacity, and shutting down some units or reducing power will cause water temperature changes. When the cooling water pipe path is long, it is difficult to control the timing of regulation. It is more convenient to store the excess cold water. The other is that during the low electricity consumption at night, water chiller 2 can be run at full load or even overload, and cold energy can be stored in cold storage pool (6) and released during the day, thereby reducing operating costs.

[0022] Based on the aforementioned system architecture, to adapt to the construction characteristics of the tunnel face continuously moving forward during tunnel excavation, each air cooler 1 can be a mobile device. Each air cooler 1 includes an air inlet end, an air outlet end, and a cooling coil disposed between the two. The air inlet end and the air outlet end are detachably connected to the front and rear air supply pipes 12, respectively, and the cooling coil is connected to the secondary cooling water pipe 42. This mobile structure allows the air cooler 1 to be flexibly added and moved according to the tunneling progress, avoiding the problem of traditional fixed terminal equipment failing due to the advancement of the tunnel face in ultra-long tunnels, and significantly improving the system's adaptability to construction dynamics and its utilization rate throughout its entire life cycle.

[0023] To further improve the accuracy and energy efficiency of cooling control, each air cooler 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor electrically connected to the control unit at both its inlet and outlet ends. The control unit is configured to monitor the inlet temperature in real time. For example, when the detected inlet temperature reaches 32°C, the air cooler 1 starts working, using cooling water from the secondary chilled water pipe 42 to exchange heat with the air. The control unit dynamically adjusts the operating power of the air cooler 1 based on the temperature difference between the outlet and inlet ends, reducing the outlet temperature to approximately 22°C. When the inlet temperature falls below a set threshold, the air cooler 1 stops working. This closed-loop control strategy based on temperature difference feedback avoids unnecessary operation of the air cooler 1 in areas where cooling is not required, achieving on-demand cooling and precise energy saving.

[0024] Air coolers 1 can be selected with their own pumping systems for precise control of individual air coolers 1, but this increases equipment and control costs. This invention preferably uses equipment without a pumping system. Multiple air coolers 1 are connected in parallel to the secondary chilled water pipe 42. Each air cooler 1 has a solenoid valve between its cooling coil and the secondary chilled water pipe 42, and a cooling water pump 43 is installed on the secondary chilled water pipe 42. The control unit is electrically connected to each solenoid valve and the cooling water pump 43 and is configured to control the on / off state of each air cooler 1: when the temperature at the air inlet of an air cooler 1 exceeds a set threshold, the control unit instructs the corresponding solenoid valve to open, allowing cooling water to flow into that air cooler 1 for heat exchange; conversely, it closes the solenoid valve, cutting off the water flow in that branch. As long as the solenoid valve of any air cooler 1 is open, the control unit starts the cooling water pump 43, ensuring a stable flow of cooling water in the secondary chilled water pipe 42. This independent control mode not only avoids the pumping energy consumption caused by ineffective water circulation, but also allows each air cooler 1 to start and stop independently according to the actual heat load of its section, achieving differentiated and precise cooling for different sections of the ultra-long tunnel.

[0025] Regarding the specific configuration of the mechanical refrigeration unit, such as Figure 1As shown, the water-cooled unit 2 is located in a ground-level refrigeration room. Its evaporator outlet produces chilled water at 4-6°C, which enters the chilled water tank 5 via a water supply pipe and the first inlet valve 51. The water is then pumped by the first water supply pump 52 through the supply pipe in the primary chilled water pipe 41 to the high-low pressure conversion device 4. After heat exchange, the water temperature is reduced to 14-18°C and returns to the evaporator inlet of the water-cooled unit 2, achieving a primary water cycle for mechanical refrigeration. The cooling water in the secondary chilled water pipe 42 at the outlet of the high-low pressure conversion device 4 drops to 6-8°C and is pumped by the cooling water pump 43 through pipelines to each stage of the air cooler 1. The chilled water exchanges heat with the hot air through the cooling coils of the air cooler 1, reducing the air temperature inside the pipes to 10-22°C. The heated cooling water returns to the high-low pressure conversion device 4 via the return water side of the secondary chilled water pipe 42, achieving a secondary water cycle. Ground-based water-cooled unit 2 can be a centrifugal water-cooled unit and equipped with a large temperature difference variable flow system. It can intelligently adjust the cooling capacity output according to the actual load of the equipment in the tunnel. The system water pumps all adopt frequency conversion regulation, which can automatically adjust the water volume according to the load, effectively reducing the energy consumption of transmission and distribution.

[0026] The cold storage tank 6 and the cold water tank 5 are connected in parallel. The cold storage tank 6 has a second inlet valve 61 at its inlet and a second water supply pump 62 at its outlet. The control unit is electrically connected to the first inlet valve 51, the second inlet valve 61, the first water supply pump 52, and the second water supply pump 62. When the control unit detects that the load of the cooling equipment in the tunnel is less than the cooling capacity of the water-cooled unit 2, the control unit adjusts the opening of the first and second inlet valves and coordinates the power of the first and second water supply pumps 52 and 62 to guide the excess cold water from the water-cooled unit 2 into the cold storage tank 6 for storage and use during high loads. When the load of the cooling equipment in the tunnel increases, the control unit prioritizes the use of the cold water stored in the cold storage tank 6 for cooling, thereby smoothing load fluctuations, reducing the frequent start-up and shutdown of the water-cooled unit 2, extending equipment life, and reducing peak energy consumption. The load of the cooling equipment is mainly fed back by the temperature sensors at the air inlet and outlet of the air cooler 1. For example, the cooling capacity required to cool air from 32°C to 20°C is taken as the normal load of the air cooler 1. If the air from 28°C is cooled to 16°C, the additional 4°C cooling capacity is redundant. This part is the load that the air cooler 1 needs to reduce. The specific load fluctuation ratio needs to be calculated based on the site environment.

[0027] Regarding the utilization of natural cold sources, the water storage tank 3 is connected to natural river and lake water sources. Its outlet is connected to the supply pipe of the primary cold water pipe 41 via the third water supply pump 31. A water thermometer electrically connected to the control unit is installed at the water storage tank 3 or the natural water source. When the control unit detects that the water temperature of the water storage tank 3 or the natural water source is below 6℃, it stops the operation of the water-cooled unit 2 and switches to the cooling mode of the water storage tank 3. The cold water from the natural water source at 0-6℃ enters the water storage tank 3 and is sent by the third water supply pump 31 to the high-low pressure conversion device 4. Through heat exchange, it is transformed into water at 14-16℃ and returned to the natural water source intake or the water-cooled unit 2. When the water temperature of the water storage tank 3 is above 6℃, the control unit resumes the operation of the water-cooled unit 2 and restarts mechanical refrigeration. This strategy of prioritizing the utilization of natural cold sources can significantly reduce the duration of mechanical refrigeration and greatly reduce the energy consumption of the system during cold seasons or in high-altitude and low-temperature environments.

[0028] In addition, to ensure the stable operation of the condenser side of the water-cooled unit 2, the system is also equipped with a cooling tower 7. The cooling tower 7 is connected to the water-cooled unit 2 through an outdoor circulation pipe 71. An external circulation pump 72 is installed on the outdoor circulation pipe 71. The cooling water enters the condenser of the water-cooled unit 2 through the external circulation pump 72, absorbs the heat of condensation, and rises in temperature. Then it returns to the cooling tower 7 to dissipate heat and cool down, forming a cooling water circulation to ensure that the water-cooled unit 2 operates continuously under high-efficiency conditions.

[0029] This invention also provides a comprehensive cooling method for ultra-long, deep-buried tunnels in high temperatures. The method employs the aforementioned comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system, using a blower 11 to deliver fresh air from outside the tunnel into the air supply duct 12 inside the tunnel. Based on the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12, the air is sequentially cooled through air coolers 1 arranged in series, ensuring that the air temperature reaching the working area remains within a set range. During this process, a high-low pressure conversion device 4 exchanges heat with the air cooler 1, and a mechanical refrigeration unit or a natural cold source unit exchanges heat with the high-low pressure conversion device 4. The control unit detects the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12 and the water temperature in the water storage tank 3 or the natural cold source, switching between three operating conditions: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, and natural cold source cooling. When the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12 is lower than the set value, only ventilation is activated, without the need for refrigeration. When the air temperature inside the air supply duct 12 is higher than the set value, mechanical refrigeration is activated for heat exchange and cooling. When the water temperature in the water storage tank 3 or the natural cold source is lower than the set value, natural cold source cooling is prioritized over mechanical refrigeration, achieving multi-energy cascade utilization.

[0030] Based on the above methods, the system also has a cold storage mode. When the working load of the high-low pressure conversion device 4 is less than the cooling capacity of the mechanical refrigeration unit, the control unit uses the cold storage tank 6 to store excess cold water for cold storage; when the working load of the high-low pressure conversion device 4 increases, the control unit prioritizes using the water in the cold storage tank 6 for cooling, so as to alleviate the impact of instantaneous peak load on the mechanical refrigeration unit and ensure the continuous stability of the working temperature in the working area of ​​the tunnel face.

Claims

1. A comprehensive cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels, characterized in that, include: The ventilation unit includes a blower (11) installed outside the tunnel, an air supply pipe (12) connected to the blower (11) and arranged along the tunnel, and multiple air coolers (1) spaced apart on the air supply pipe (12). Mechanical refrigeration unit, including water-cooled unit (2) and supporting equipment located in ground refrigeration room; The natural cold source unit includes a water storage tank connected to a natural water source (3). The cold storage unit includes a cold storage pool (6) connected to the water chiller unit (2). The heat exchange unit includes a high-low pressure conversion device (4) located in the tunnel. The high-pressure interface of the high-low pressure conversion device (4) is connected to the water-cooled unit (2), the cold storage tank (6) and the water storage tank (3) through a primary chilled water pipe (41). The low-pressure interface of the high-low pressure conversion device (4) is connected to each air cooler (1) through a secondary chilled water pipe (42). The control unit is electrically connected to the electrical equipment in the ventilation unit, mechanical refrigeration unit, natural cold source unit, cold storage unit, and heat exchange unit, and is used to control the switching and control of four operating conditions: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, natural cold source cooling, and cold storage.

2. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air cooler (1) includes an air inlet, an air outlet, and a cooling coil disposed between the two. The air inlet and the air outlet are respectively connected to the front and rear air supply pipes (12), and the cooling coil is connected to the secondary cold water pipe (42).

3. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The air cooler (1) is equipped with temperature sensors that are electrically connected to the control unit at both the air inlet and air outlet. The control unit is configured to start working when the temperature at the air inlet exceeds a set threshold, using cooling water from the secondary cold water pipe (42) to exchange heat with the air, and controlling the working power of the air cooler (1) according to the temperature difference between the air outlet and the air inlet; and to stop working when the temperature at the air inlet is lower than the set threshold.

4. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple air coolers (1) are connected in parallel with secondary cold water pipes (42). A solenoid valve is provided between the cooling coil of the air cooler (1) and the secondary cold water pipe (42). A cooling water pump (43) is provided on the secondary cold water pipe (42). The control unit is electrically connected to each solenoid valve and the cooling water pump (43) and is configured such that when the temperature at the air inlet of an air cooler (1) exceeds a set threshold, the solenoid valve of the corresponding air cooler (1) is opened, otherwise it is closed. As long as the solenoid valve of one air cooler (1) is opened, the cooling water pump (43) starts to work.

5. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical refrigeration unit includes a cold water tank (5), the inlet of which is connected to the water chiller unit (2), and a first inlet valve (51) is provided at the inlet. The outlet is connected to the high and low pressure conversion device (4) through the water supply pipe in the primary cold water pipe (41), and a first water supply pump (52) is provided at the outlet. The return pipe in the primary cold water pipe (41) is connected to the water chiller unit (2).

6. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cold storage tank (6) and the cold water tank (5) are connected in parallel. The inlet of the cold storage tank (6) is equipped with a second inlet valve (61), and the outlet is equipped with a second water supply pump (62). The control unit is electrically connected to the first inlet valve (51), the second inlet valve (61), the first water supply pump (52), and the second water supply pump (62), and is configured to control the opening degree of the first inlet valve (51) and the second inlet valve (61), as well as the power of the first water supply pump (52) and the second water supply pump (62), according to the working load of the heat exchange unit.

7. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the water storage tank (3) is connected to the water supply pipe of the primary cold water pipe (41), and a third water supply pump (31) is provided at the outlet. A water thermometer is provided at the natural water source. The control unit is electrically connected to the third water supply pump (31) and the water thermometer. When the control unit detects that the temperature of the natural water source is lower than the set temperature, it stops the operation of the water chiller (2) and switches the water storage tank (3) to supply cooling. When the temperature of the natural water source is higher than the set temperature, it resumes the operation of the water chiller (2).

8. The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cooling tower (7), which is connected to the water-cooled unit (2) through an outdoor circulation pipe (71), and an external circulation pump (72) is provided on the outdoor circulation pipe (71).

9. A comprehensive cooling method for high-temperature, deep-buried, ultra-long tunnels, characterized in that, The integrated cooling and air conditioning system for high-temperature deep-buried ultra-long tunnels as described in any one of claims 1-8 is adopted. Fresh air from outside the tunnel is delivered into the air supply pipe (12) inside the tunnel by a blower (11). According to the air temperature inside the air supply pipe (12), the air is cooled step by step by air coolers (1) arranged in series to ensure that the air temperature reaching the working area is within the set range. In this process, heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with air cooler (1), and mechanical refrigeration unit or natural cold source unit is used to exchange heat with heat exchange unit. The control unit detects the air supply pipe (12). The internal air temperature and natural water temperature are switched between four operating conditions: ventilation, mechanical refrigeration, natural cold source cooling, and cold storage. When the air temperature inside the air supply duct (12) is lower than the set value, only ventilation is performed and the air cooler (1) does not work. Otherwise, mechanical refrigeration is used for heat exchange and cooling. When the natural water temperature is lower than the set value, the natural cold source is switched to replace mechanical refrigeration. When the load of the heat exchange unit is less than the cooling capacity of the mechanical refrigeration unit, the excess cold water in the cold storage tank (6) is used for cold storage. When the load of the heat exchange unit increases, the water in the cold storage tank (6) is used for cooling first.

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