A spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test experiment table

Abstract

This invention discloses a spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench, including an assembly plate, a cutting force loading component, and a thermal deformation test component. A spindle tool holder is located at the front end of the spindle under test, and the tool holder is connected to a drive shaft. A temperature sensor is installed on the spindle under test, and a cutting heat loading component is installed on the drive shaft. The cutting heat loading component adopts a planetary gear friction-generating structure, including a sun gear, planet gears, an external gear, and a planet carrier. The sun gear is connected to the drive shaft, the planet gears mesh with the sun gear, the external gear meshes with the planet gears and is relatively fixed, and the planet gears are rotatably mounted on the planet carrier. This test bench can achieve simultaneous loading of cutting heat and cutting force, providing higher simulation realism. It can complete multi-dimensional performance tests of the spindle, such as reliability, rigidity, temperature rise, and thermal deformation, during the assembly stage, providing data support for the optimized design of the spindle structure before production. It eliminates the need to install the spindle on a machine tool for actual cutting, thus reducing testing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spindle performance testing technology, specifically to a spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench. This test bench can test the spindle's reliability, rigidity, temperature rise, and thermal deformation performance parameters during the component assembly stage. Background Technology

[0002] The spindle is an essential component of industrial machine tools. During high-speed rotation, it generates significant heat and undergoes thermal deformation. Traditional spindle cutting tests require mounting the spindle on a machine tool and performing numerous cuts to assess its performance, resulting in substantial waste and increased testing costs. Furthermore, it's difficult to maintain a continuous cutting state during spindle testing; it's often in an idle state, where the operating conditions and load differ significantly from those under actual cutting conditions.

[0003] Currently, some testing equipment exists that can simulate spindle cutting forces. For example, CN103868693A discloses a comprehensive thermal analysis testing experimental device for a mechanical spindle system, including the main structure of the mechanical spindle, a cutting load simulation loading mechanism, and a measurement system; CN109100145A discloses a simulation loading and reliability testing device for a high-power electric spindle, which uses a mechanical loading device to indirectly act on the loading bar through a spring; CN206504863U discloses a spindle reliability testing device with automatic cutting force control, which uses a stepper motor in conjunction with a piezoelectric ceramic loader to apply cutting force; CN202735085U discloses a spindle performance testing platform, which sets a spindle rigidity measurement module and a spindle temperature rise and thermal deformation measurement module on the platform base. However, the aforementioned testing equipment still has the following shortcomings: First, most devices can only simulate cutting force or measure thermal deformation, lacking active simulation of cutting heat, resulting in a significant difference between the coupled force and heat conditions and actual cutting; Second, cutting heat simulation methods mostly use electric heating or hydraulic friction, which differ from the heat mechanism generated by shear deformation and friction during actual cutting at the tool tip; Third, it is difficult to flexibly adjust the thermal load level for different cutting conditions such as light load, medium load, and heavy load, making it impossible to accurately and comprehensively evaluate the spindle's performance under multiple conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of existing technologies lacking independent and realistic active simulation mechanisms for cutting heat, and the difficulty in achieving simultaneous loading of force and heat and flexible adjustment under multiple working conditions, this invention provides a spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench. This test bench can achieve simultaneous loading of cutting heat and cutting force, has higher simulation realism, and can complete multi-dimensional performance tests of the spindle, such as reliability, rigidity, temperature rise, and thermal deformation, during the assembly stage. It provides data support for the optimized design of the spindle structure before production, and eliminates the need to install the spindle on a machine tool for actual cutting, thus reducing testing costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench, including an assembly plate, a cutting force loading component, and a thermal deformation test component. The spindle to be tested is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate. A spindle tool holder is provided at the front end of the spindle to be tested, and the spindle tool holder is connected to a drive shaft. The cutting force loading component is located at the front end of the drive shaft. The thermal deformation test component is located at the upper end of the spindle to be tested. A temperature sensor is provided on the spindle to be tested. A cutting heat loading component is provided on the drive shaft. The cutting heat loading component is a planetary type. A planetary gear friction-generating structure includes a sun gear, planet gears, an external gear, and a planet carrier. The sun gear is connected to a drive shaft, the planet gears mesh with the sun gear, and the external gear meshes with and is relatively fixed to the planet gears. The planet gears are rotatably mounted on the planet carrier. When the drive shaft rotates, it drives the sun gear to rotate, which in turn drives the planet gears to rotate on their own axes and revolve around the external gear. Heat is generated through the meshing friction between the planet gears and the external gear, and this heat is transferred to the spindle under test via the drive shaft to simulate cutting heat.

[0006] This invention's experimental platform, by incorporating a planetary gear-type friction-generating heating structure for heat loading on a drive shaft, in conjunction with a cutting force loading component, enables the synchronous loading of cutting heat and cutting force. When the drive shaft rotates, it drives the sun gear, which in turn drives the planetary gears to rotate and revolve around the external gear. The heat generated by the meshing friction between the planetary gears and the external gear is transferred to the spindle under test via the drive shaft. This friction-generating heating mechanism is consistent with the heat generated by shear deformation and friction at the tool tip during actual cutting. Compared to indirect simulation methods such as electric heating or hydraulic friction, this method offers higher simulation realism. Furthermore, the heat loading component and the cutting force loading component share the same drive shaft, synchronously transferring heat and force to the spindle under test. This avoids the mismatch problem caused by the separate application of thermal and force loads in existing technologies. Simultaneously, this experimental platform can complete multi-dimensional performance tests of the spindle, including reliability, rigidity, temperature rise, and thermal deformation, during the assembly stage, providing data support for the optimized design of the spindle structure before production. It eliminates the need to mount the spindle on a machine tool for actual cutting, thus reducing testing costs.

[0007] Preferably, there are multiple planetary gears, each detachably mounted on the planetary carrier via a planetary gear shaft. A planetary carrier bearing is provided between each planetary gear shaft and the planetary carrier. The amount of cutting heat load can be adjusted by changing the number of planetary gears installed. In practical applications, users can freely adjust the number of planetary gears installed according to the required simulated cutting conditions. When the number of planetary gears is small, the meshing points between the planetary gears and the external gears are reduced, and the frictional heat generation is lowered, simulating the cutting heat level under light or no-load conditions. When the number of planetary gears is large, the meshing points increase, and the frictional heat generation is higher, simulating the cutting heat level under medium or heavy load conditions. This allows for flexible switching between multiple cutting conditions on the same experimental platform, eliminating the need to design different experimental devices for different conditions and expanding the applicability of the experimental platform. A planetary carrier bearing is provided between each planetary gear shaft and the planetary carrier to ensure smooth operation of the planetary gears at high speeds, avoiding the impact of excessive frictional resistance on the precise adjustment of the thermal load.

[0008] Preferably, the front end of the drive shaft is provided with a drive shaft bearing, the inner ring of which is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the outer ring of which is fixedly connected to the drive bearing housing. The cutting force loading component includes a large hydraulic cylinder, two small hydraulic cylinders, and a hydraulic cylinder support. The large hydraulic cylinder and the two small hydraulic cylinders are respectively mounted on the hydraulic cylinder support. The large hydraulic cylinder is located on the front side of the drive bearing housing, and the two small hydraulic cylinders are located on both sides of the drive bearing housing. A pressure plate is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the large hydraulic cylinder. The large hydraulic cylinder is used to apply axial force to the drive bearing housing. The piston rods of the two small hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the drive bearing housing, and the two small hydraulic cylinders are used to apply radial force to the drive bearing housing. When the large hydraulic cylinder applies axial force to the drive bearing housing through its piston rod, and the two small hydraulic cylinders apply radial force to the drive bearing housing through their piston rods, since the inner ring of the drive shaft bearing is fixedly connected to the drive shaft and the outer ring is fixedly connected to the drive bearing housing, the axial and radial forces on the drive bearing housing are transmitted to the drive shaft through the rolling elements between the inner and outer rings of the drive shaft bearing. This allows the spindle to continuously withstand stable axial and radial force loading while rotating, thereby simulating the feed force and radial cutting force borne by the tool tip during actual cutting. In addition, the axial and radial forces are independently controlled and can be adjusted separately, simulating force load combinations under different cutting parameters.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the transmission bearing housing is provided with several cooling pipes, which are respectively connected to an oil cooler via oil pipes. When it is necessary to simulate a working condition with no cutting heat or low cutting heat, cooling oil can be introduced into the cooling pipes through the oil cooler to forcibly reduce the temperature rise at the transmission bearing housing, offsetting the background heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the transmission shaft bearing. This ensures that the thermal load on the spindle under test comes only from the controllable adjustment of the cutting heat loading components, avoiding interference from background heat. At the same time, after the test is completed, the transmission bearing housing can be quickly cooled through the cooling pipes, shortening the time for the test bench to return to its initial state and improving test efficiency.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided at the front end of the drive shaft. The pressure sensor is used to detect the axial force applied to the drive shaft. Located on the force transmission path, the pressure sensor can directly detect the axial force transmitted from the large hydraulic cylinder to the front end of the drive shaft via the transmission bearing housing. The operator can adjust the oil supply pressure of the large hydraulic cylinder based on the real-time feedback signal from the pressure sensor, achieving precise closed-loop control of the axial loading force. This avoids deviations of the actual loading force from the set value due to fluctuations in pipeline oil pressure or changes in piston friction resistance. Simultaneously, the force data collected by the pressure sensor can be used to evaluate the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the spindle under test under different axial loads.

[0011] Preferably, the thermal deformation testing component includes a magnetic base, a sensor bracket, three eddy current sensors, and a testing reference piece. The testing reference piece is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate and has three vertical planes as measurement reference surfaces. One measurement reference surface is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle under test, and the other two measurement reference surfaces are parallel to the axial direction of the spindle under test and are parallel to each other. The magnetic base is adsorbed onto the upper end of the spindle under test, and the sensor bracket is fixed to the magnetic base. The sensor bracket has three horizontal mounting directions, and each mounting direction has one of the three eddy current sensors. The three eddy current sensors correspond to the three measurement reference surfaces of the testing reference piece, and each eddy current sensor is aligned with its corresponding measurement reference surface in the horizontal plane to detect the amount of thermal deformation of the spindle under test in the corresponding direction. When the spindle under test undergoes thermal deformation due to heat, the magnetic base and sensor bracket are displaced with the end face of the spindle. The three eddy current sensors synchronously detect the change in their spacing relative to their corresponding measurement reference surfaces, thereby obtaining the amount of thermal deformation of the spindle under test in one axial direction and two radial directions, realizing multi-directional synchronous detection of spindle thermal deformation. The magnetic adsorption method eliminates the need for mounting holes or additional clamps on the spindle surface, avoiding interference with the spindle surface condition and testing accuracy during installation. The eddy current sensor employs a non-contact measurement method, continuously acquiring data even while the spindle is rotating, reflecting the dynamic process of thermal deformation changing with time and temperature.

[0012] Preferably, the assembly plate is equipped with a movable linear guide. The cutting heat loading component and the cutting force loading component are mounted on a movable worktable. The movable worktable is slidably connected to the movable linear guide via a slider. The external gear is fixedly mounted on a support base, which is fixedly mounted on the movable worktable. The assembly plate is equipped with an electromagnet. After the movable worktable slides to a predetermined position, it is attracted and fixed by the electromagnet. By slidably connecting the movable worktable to the movable linear guide via the slider, the movable worktable can be slid to a predetermined position away from the spindle under test during assembly, facilitating the installation and removal of the spindle under test. After the spindle under test is installed, the movable worktable can be slid to a predetermined position where the drive shaft and the spindle tool holder are aligned and fixed by the electromagnet, ensuring the positional stability of the movable worktable in the working state and preventing the connection between the drive shaft and the spindle tool holder from loosening due to vibration or external force. In addition, the design of the aforementioned support base ensures that the external gear is fixed in position during the operation of the planetary gear, allowing the planetary gear to roll stably along the inner wall of the external gear. The cutting heat loading component and the cutting force loading component are integrated on the same movable worktable. During installation and disassembly, only the entire worktable needs to be moved to complete the docking or separation with the spindle under test, thereby shortening the experimental preparation time.

[0013] Preferably, the spindle under test is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate using a spindle fixing component. This component includes a spindle pad, a spindle fixing member, and fixing bolts. The spindle pad is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate, and the spindle under test is placed on the pad. The spindle under test is then tightened and fixed by the fixing member and bolts. This design of the spindle fixing component facilitates the installation and removal of the spindle under test, ensures its installation accuracy, and guarantees the stable transmission of force and thermal loads along the axial direction of the spindle.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the front and rear ends of the spindle under test are respectively mounted on a front bearing and a rear bearing, which are respectively mounted on a front bearing housing and a rear bearing housing. The front bearing housing and the rear bearing housing are respectively placed on the spindle pad, and the temperature sensor is located on the outside of the front bearing and / or the rear bearing. By supporting the spindle under test on the spindle pad via the front bearing, the rear bearing, and their corresponding bearing housings, the stability of the two ends of the spindle and the smoothness of its operation during rotation are ensured. The temperature sensor located on the outside of the front bearing and / or the rear bearing detects the temperature rise at the front and rear bearings of the spindle, providing data for evaluating the temperature rise characteristics and cooling effect of the spindle under different operating conditions.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The experimental platform of the present invention uses the same transmission shaft for the cutting heat loading component and the cutting force loading component of the planetary gear friction heat generation structure, which can realize the synchronous loading of cutting heat and cutting force. The heat generation mechanism of the meshing friction of the planetary gear and the external gear is consistent with the friction heat generation mechanism in the actual cutting process, which has higher simulation realism. It can avoid the working condition mismatch problem caused by the separate application of thermal load and force load in the prior art. At the same time, it can complete the multi-dimensional performance test of the spindle reliability, rigidity, temperature rise and thermal deformation during the assembly stage, providing data support for the optimization design of the spindle structure before production. It does not require the spindle to be installed on the machine tool for actual cutting, which can reduce the testing cost.

[0016] (2) By setting three eddy current sensors on the end face of the spindle to be tested, which correspond to the three mutually perpendicular measurement reference surfaces of the test reference parts fixed on the assembly plate, the thermal deformation of the spindle in one axial direction and two radial directions can be detected simultaneously when the spindle rotates, thereby obtaining three-dimensional thermal deformation data of the spindle under different cutting conditions such as light load, medium load and heavy load.

[0017] (3) By using temperature sensors installed on the outside of the front and / or rear bearings of the spindle to be tested, the temperature rise at the front and rear bearings of the spindle can be detected, thereby evaluating the temperature rise characteristics of the spindle under different working conditions and the cooling effect of the cooling system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench in the embodiment. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of the spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench in the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figures 1-4 The specific reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1-Assembly plate, 11-Moving linear guide, 12-Slider, 13-Electromagnet, 2-Cutting force loading component, 21-Large hydraulic cylinder, 22-Small hydraulic cylinder, 23-Hydraulic cylinder support, 24-Connecting plate, 25-Pressure plate, 3-Heat deformation testing component, 31-Magnetic base, 32-Sensor bracket, 33-Eddy current sensor, 34-Test reference component, 35-Measurement reference surface, 36-Eddy current sensor acquisition module, 4-Spindle fixing component under test, 41-Spindle pad, 42-Spindle fixing component, 43-Fixing bolt, 44 - Front bearing, 45- Rear bearing, 46- Front bearing housing, 47- Rear bearing housing, 5- Spindle to be tested, 51- Spindle tool holder, 52- Drive shaft, 53- Temperature sensor, 54- Drive shaft bearing, 55- Drive shaft bearing housing, 56- Circular through hole, 57- Pressure sensor, 58- Pressure sensor digital display, 59- Oil cooler, 6- Cutting heat loading component, 61- Sun gear, 62- Planetary gear, 63- External gear, 64- Planetary carrier, 65- Support base, 66- Planetary gear shaft, 67- Planetary carrier bearing, 7- Moving worktable. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Components or structures not limited in this invention are all constructed using conventional techniques in the art.

[0020] Example: A spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the assembly includes an assembly plate 1, a cutting force loading component 2, a thermal deformation testing component 3, and a spindle fixing component 4. The assembly plate 1 serves as a reference mounting plate, and the spindle under test 5 is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate 1 via the spindle fixing component 4. A spindle tool holder 51 is located at the front end of the spindle under test 5, and the spindle tool holder 51 is connected to a drive shaft 52. A cutting thermal loading component 6 is located on the drive shaft 52, and a cutting force loading component 2 is located at the front end of the drive shaft 52. A thermal deformation testing component 3 is located at the upper end of the spindle under test 5, and a temperature sensor 53 is also located on the spindle under test 5.

[0021] The cutting heat loading component 6 adopts a planetary gear friction heat generation structure, including a sun gear 61, planet gears 62, an external gear 63, a planet carrier 64, and a support seat 65. The sun gear 61 is keyed to the drive shaft 52. There are multiple planet gears 62, preferably four, each detachably mounted on the planet carrier 64 via a planet gear shaft 66. A planet carrier bearing 67 is provided between each planet gear shaft 66 and the planet carrier 64. Specifically, four mounting holes are evenly distributed along the center diameter of the planet carrier 64. Each planet gear shaft 66 is mounted in the corresponding mounting hole via a bearing connection, and the planet gear shaft 66 is fixedly connected to the planet gear 62 via an interference fit. The planet carrier 64 is fitted onto the drive shaft 52, which passes directly through it. One side of the planet carrier 64 is connected to the inner ring of the planet carrier bearing 67 via an interference fit, and the outer ring of the planet carrier bearing 67 is connected to one side of the support seat 65 via an interference fit. The external gear 63 is fixedly installed on the other side of the support base 65 via a threaded connection. The planetary gears 62 mesh with the sun gear 61 and the external gear 63 respectively. The support base 65 is fixedly installed on the movable worktable 7.

[0022] When the drive shaft 52 rotates, it drives the sun gear 61 to rotate. The sun gear 61 drives the planet gears 62 to rotate on their own axes and revolve around the external gear 63. Heat is generated through the meshing friction between the planet gears 62 and the external gear 63. This heat is transferred to the spindle 5 under test via the drive shaft 52 to simulate cutting heat. The amount of cutting heat load can be adjusted by changing the number of planet gears 62 installed. For example, the maximum heat load can be obtained when four planet gears 62 are installed, while medium to low levels of heat load can be obtained when one to three planet gears 62 are installed.

[0023] A drive shaft bearing 54 is provided at the front end of the drive shaft 52. The inner ring of the drive shaft bearing 54 is interference-fitted with the drive shaft 52, and the outer ring of the drive shaft bearing 54 is interference-fitted with the drive bearing housing 55. The drive bearing housing 55 has a circular through hole 56 for the drive shaft 52 to pass through.

[0024] The cutting force loading component 2 includes a large hydraulic cylinder 21, two small hydraulic cylinders 22, and a hydraulic cylinder support 23. The hydraulic cylinder support 23 is a standard square tube, fixedly connected to the movable worktable 7 via a connecting plate 24. The large hydraulic cylinder 21 and the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 are respectively mounted on the hydraulic cylinder support 23. The large hydraulic cylinder 21 is located on the front side of the transmission bearing seat 55. A pressure plate 25 is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the large hydraulic cylinder 21. The large hydraulic cylinder 21 applies axial force to the transmission bearing seat 55 through the extension of its piston rod via the pressure plate 25. The two small hydraulic cylinders 22 are located on the left and right sides of the transmission bearing seat 55, respectively. The piston rods of the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 are threaded to the left and right sides of the transmission bearing seat 55, respectively. The two small hydraulic cylinders 22 apply radial force to the transmission bearing seat 55 through the extension of their piston rods. A pressure sensor 57 is also provided at the front end of the transmission shaft 52. The pressure sensor 57 is used to detect the axial force applied to the transmission shaft 52. The detected axial force value is displayed in real time via a pressure sensor digital display 58. The transmission bearing housing 55 is provided with several cooling pipes, which are connected to the oil cooler 59 via oil pipes. These cooling pipes are used to introduce cooling oil into the transmission bearing housing 55 when needed to reduce the temperature rise there.

[0025] The thermal deformation testing component 3 includes a magnetic base 31, a sensor bracket 32, three eddy current sensors 33, and a testing reference component 34. The testing reference component 34 is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate 1 via a threaded connection. The testing reference component 34 has three vertical planes serving as measurement reference surfaces 35. One measurement reference surface 35 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle 5 under test, and the other two measurement reference surfaces 35 are parallel to the axial direction of the spindle 5 under test and are parallel to each other. The magnetic base 31 is attached to the upper end of the spindle 5 under test. The sensor bracket 32 ​​is fixed to the magnetic base 31 and has three horizontal mounting directions, with one eddy current sensor 33 in each direction. The three eddy current sensors 33 correspond to the three measurement reference surfaces 35 of the testing reference component 34, and each eddy current sensor 33 is electrically connected to the eddy current sensor acquisition module 36. Each eddy current sensor 33 is aligned with its corresponding measurement reference surface in the horizontal plane to detect the amount of thermal deformation of the spindle under test in the corresponding direction. When the spindle 5 under test undergoes thermal deformation due to heat, the magnetic base 31 and the sensor bracket 32 ​​are displaced along with the spindle end face. The three eddy current sensors 33 synchronously detect the change in their spacing relative to the corresponding measurement reference surface 35. The eddy current sensor acquisition module 36 processes the detection signal to obtain the amount of thermal deformation of the spindle 5 under test in one axial direction and two radial directions.

[0026] The spindle under test 5 is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate 1 via the spindle under test fixing component 4. The spindle under test fixing component 4 includes a spindle pad 41, a spindle fixing component 42, and fixing bolts 43. The spindle pad 41 is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate 1 via a threaded connection. The spindle under test 5 is placed on the spindle pad 41, and the spindle under test 5 is pressed and fixed by the spindle fixing component 42 and fixing bolts 43. Specifically, the front end and rear end of the spindle under test 5 are respectively mounted on the front bearing 44 and the rear bearing 45, which are respectively mounted on the front bearing housing 46 and the rear bearing housing 47, and the front bearing housing 46 and the rear bearing housing 47 are respectively placed on the spindle pad 41. A temperature sensor 53 is disposed on the outside of the front bearing 44 and / or the rear bearing 45 to detect the temperature rise at the front bearing 44 and / or the rear bearing 45 of the spindle under test 5.

[0027] The assembly plate 1 is equipped with a movable linear guide 11. The cutting heat loading component 6 and the cutting force loading component 2 are mounted on the movable worktable 7, which is slidably connected to the movable linear guide 11 via a slider 12. The external gear 63 is fixedly mounted on a support base 65, which is also fixedly mounted on the movable worktable 7. The assembly plate 1 is equipped with an electromagnet 13. After the movable worktable 7 slides to a predetermined position, it is attracted and fixed by the electromagnet 13. Specifically, during the component assembly stage, the movable worktable 7 is located on the right side of the movable linear guide 11 (the side away from the spindle 5 under test); after the spindle 5 under test and the heat deformation testing component 3 are installed, the movable worktable 7 is slid to the left along the movable linear guide 11 to a predetermined position. At this time, the drive shaft 52 and the spindle tool holder 51 are aligned and can be connected to each other via a threaded connection. Then, the switch of the electromagnet 13 is turned on, and the movable worktable 7 is attracted and fixed on the assembly plate 1.

[0028] The aforementioned experimental platform is also equipped with a pressure sensor digital display 58, an eddy current sensor acquisition module 36, and an oil cooler 59. The pressure sensor digital display 58, the eddy current sensor acquisition module 36, and the oil cooler 59 are placed directly next to the experimental platform and are used to display the detection value of the pressure sensor 57, acquire the detection signal of the eddy current sensor 33, and provide cooling oil for the cooling pipeline, respectively.

[0029] The typical workflow of the above-mentioned experimental platform is as follows: First, place the spindle 5 to be tested on the spindle pad 41, and press and fix the spindle 5 to the spindle pad 41 by the spindle fixing component 42 and fixing bolt 43. The spindle tool holder 51 is clamped at the front end of the spindle 5 to be tested. After installing the cutting heat loading component 6 and the cutting force loading component 2 on the movable worktable 7, slide the movable worktable 7 along the movable rail 11 to the predetermined position where the drive shaft 52 and the spindle tool holder 51 are connected. Turn on the switch of the electromagnet 13 to make the movable worktable 7 adsorb and fix it on the assembly plate 1. Then, fix the drive shaft 52 and the spindle tool holder 51 by threaded connection. Install the thermal deformation test component 3 on the upper end face of the spindle 5 to be tested (adsorb the magnetic base 31 onto the upper end face of the spindle 5 to be tested, fix the sensor bracket 32 ​​on the magnetic base 31, and align the three eddy current sensors 33 with the three measurement reference surfaces 35 of the test reference component 34 respectively), attach the temperature sensor 53 to the outside of the front bearing 44 and / or rear bearing 45 of the spindle 5 to be tested, and complete the installation preparation before testing.

[0030] The spindle under test 5 is started to rotate, and the drive shaft 52 rotates synchronously with the spindle tool holder 51. The sun gear 61 on the drive shaft 52 drives the planet gears 62 to rotate on their own axis and revolve around the external gear 63. The meshing friction between the planet gears 62 and the external gear 63 generates heat, which is transferred to the spindle under test 5 via the drive shaft 52 to simulate cutting heat. At the same time, the large hydraulic cylinder 21 applies an axial force to the drive bearing seat 55 through the pressure plate 25, and the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 apply radial forces to the drive bearing seat 55 from both sides. The axial force and radial force are transferred to the drive shaft 52 via the drive shaft bearing 54, and then to the spindle under test 5 to simulate cutting force. The pressure sensor 57 detects the axial force applied to the drive shaft 52 in real time, and the detected value is displayed on the pressure sensor digital display 58. Three eddy current sensors 33 detect the change in distance between themselves and the three measuring reference surfaces 35 of the test reference piece 34. The eddy current sensor acquisition module 36 acquires and processes the detection signals in real time to obtain the thermal deformation of the spindle under test 5 in one axial direction and two radial directions. Temperature sensor 53 monitors the temperature rise on the outer side of the front bearing 44 and / or the rear bearing 45 in real time. In this way, multiple performance parameters of the spindle under test, such as rigidity, temperature rise, and thermal deformation, can be measured simultaneously during the assembly stage.

[0031] The above-mentioned test bench can simulate three typical cutting conditions: light load, medium load, and heavy load, as needed. When it is necessary to simulate the thermal deformation and temperature rise of the spindle under light load or no load conditions (such as high-speed precision cutting, i.e., when the cutting heat and frictional heat are not obvious and the radial force and axial force are small), all four planetary gears 62 are removed from the planetary carrier 64, and cooling oil is introduced into the cooling pipe through the oil cooler 59 to reduce the temperature rise at the transmission bearing housing 55. At the same time, the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 provide a small radial force.

[0032] When it is necessary to simulate the thermal deformation and temperature rise of the spindle under medium load conditions (i.e., under certain cutting heat and frictional heat, and certain radial and axial forces, such as conventional cutting, precision cutting, tapping, etc.), one to three planetary gears 62 are installed on the planetary carrier 64 according to the cutting conditions to be simulated. At the same time, the temperature of the oil cooler 59 is adjusted to appropriately increase the temperature rise at the transmission bearing housing 55, and the oil supply pressure of the large hydraulic cylinder 21 and the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 is increased to increase the axial or radial force on the transmission bearing housing 55.

[0033] When it is necessary to simulate the thermal deformation and temperature rise of the spindle under heavy load conditions (i.e., large cutting heat and frictional heat, large radial force and axial force, such as load cutting and maximum rigidity tapping), four planetary gears 62 are installed on the planetary carrier 64. At the same time, the oil cooler 59 is turned off or the set temperature of the oil cooler 59 is increased to completely release the temperature rise at the transmission bearing housing 55. The oil supply pressure of the large hydraulic cylinder 21 and the two small hydraulic cylinders 22 is further increased to increase the axial force and radial force on the transmission bearing housing 55. The magnitude of the axial force applied to the spindle 5 under test is determined by the pressure sensor 57.

[0034] When the test is finished, turn off the spindle 5 under test, turn on the electromagnet 13, loosen the threaded connection between the drive shaft 52 and the spindle tool holder 51, slide the movable worktable 7 along the movable rail 11 to the right, and the spindle 5 under test can be removed.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench, comprising an assembly plate, a cutting force loading component, and a thermal deformation test component, wherein the spindle under test is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate, a spindle tool holder is provided at the front end of the spindle under test, the spindle tool holder is connected to a drive shaft, the cutting force loading component is located at the front end of the drive shaft, the thermal deformation test component is located at the upper end of the spindle under test, and a temperature sensor is provided on the spindle under test, characterized in that... The drive shaft is equipped with a cutting heat loading component, which adopts a planetary gear friction heat generation structure. The planetary gear friction heat generation structure includes a sun gear, planet gears, an external gear, and a planet carrier. The sun gear is connected to the drive shaft, the planet gears mesh with the sun gear, the external gear meshes with the planet gears and is relatively fixed, and the planet gears are rotatably mounted on the planet carrier. When the drive shaft rotates, it drives the sun gear to rotate, which in turn drives the planet gears to rotate on their own axes and revolve around the external gears. Heat is generated through the meshing friction between the planet gears and the external gears, and the heat is transferred to the spindle under test via the drive shaft to simulate cutting heat.

2. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of planetary gears is multiple, and each planetary gear is detachably mounted on the planet carrier via a planetary gear shaft. A planet carrier bearing is provided between each planetary gear shaft and the planet carrier. The amount of cutting heat loading can be adjusted by adjusting the number of planetary gears installed.

3. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the drive shaft is provided with a drive shaft bearing. The inner ring of the drive shaft bearing is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the outer ring of the drive shaft bearing is fixedly connected to the drive bearing housing. The cutting force loading component includes a large hydraulic cylinder, two small hydraulic cylinders, and a hydraulic cylinder support. The large hydraulic cylinder and the two small hydraulic cylinders are respectively mounted on the hydraulic cylinder support. The large hydraulic cylinder is located on the front side of the drive bearing housing, and the two small hydraulic cylinders are located on both sides of the drive bearing housing. A pressure plate is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the large hydraulic cylinder. The large hydraulic cylinder is used to apply axial force to the drive bearing housing. The piston rods of the two small hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the drive bearing housing, and the two small hydraulic cylinders are used to apply radial force to the drive bearing housing.

4. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission bearing housing is provided with several cooling pipes, which are respectively connected to the oil cooler via oil pipes.

5. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that, A pressure sensor is provided at the front end of the drive shaft, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the axial force applied to the drive shaft.

6. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal deformation testing component includes a magnetic base, a sensor bracket, three eddy current sensors, and a testing reference piece. The testing reference piece is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate and has three vertical planes as measurement reference surfaces. One measurement reference surface is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle under test, and the other two measurement reference surfaces are parallel to the axial direction of the spindle under test and are parallel to each other. The magnetic base is adsorbed onto the upper end of the spindle under test, and the sensor bracket is fixed on the magnetic base. The sensor bracket has three horizontal mounting directions, and each of the three mounting directions is provided with one of the eddy current sensors. The three eddy current sensors correspond to the three measurement reference surfaces of the testing reference piece, and each eddy current sensor is aligned with the corresponding measurement reference surface in the horizontal plane to detect the amount of thermal deformation of the spindle under test in the corresponding direction.

7. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly plate is equipped with a movable linear guide. The cutting heat loading component and the cutting force loading component are mounted on a movable worktable. The movable worktable is slidably connected to the movable linear guide via a slider. The external gear is fixedly mounted on a support base. The support base is fixedly mounted on the movable worktable. The assembly plate is equipped with an electromagnet. After the movable worktable slides to a predetermined position, it is attracted and fixed by the electromagnet.

8. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle under test is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate by a spindle fixing component. The spindle fixing component includes a spindle pad, a spindle fixing member, and fixing bolts. The spindle pad is fixedly mounted on the assembly plate, the spindle under test is placed on the spindle pad, and the spindle under test is pressed and fixed by the spindle fixing member and fixing bolts.

9. The spindle cutting heat and cutting force simulation test bench according to claim 8, characterized in that, The front and rear ends of the spindle under test are respectively mounted on the front bearing and the rear bearing. The front bearing and the rear bearing are respectively mounted on the front bearing housing and the rear bearing housing. The front bearing housing and the rear bearing housing are respectively placed on the spindle pad. The temperature sensor is located on the outside of the front bearing and / or the rear bearing.

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