A Blockchain-Based Method and System for Energy Trading and Carbon Credit Management

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of carbon trading technology and discloses a blockchain-based method and system for energy trading and carbon credit management. The method includes: obtaining project application data from users and performing multi-party verification on the application data to obtain multi-party verification results; based on the multi-party verification results, using a blockchain network to invoke a smart contract to generate corresponding carbon credits according to the project application data; and conducting energy trading and / or carbon credit management for each project based on the blockchain network. This invention ensures the validity, authenticity, and accuracy of carbon credits by verifying the emission reduction effects of project application data through multi-party verification beforehand. It automatically generates carbon credits through smart contracts driven by a blockchain network, with distributed, immutable, and fully traceable issuance records. It supports interoperability with other blockchain platforms, allowing carbon credits to circulate between different blockchains, thereby expanding market coverage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon trading technology, specifically to a blockchain-based method and system for energy trading and carbon credit management. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global awareness of environmental protection and the pursuit of sustainable development, carbon emissions trading has gradually gained attention as an effective market mechanism. Carbon emissions trading allows companies exceeding their emission limits to purchase additional emission allowances, while those below their limits can sell surplus allowances. This aims to encourage companies to reduce carbon emissions and provide economic incentives for companies implementing energy conservation and emission reduction measures. However, traditional carbon emissions trading markets primarily rely on centralized exchanges. While these exchanges are responsible for registering, clearing, and settling carbon credit transactions, they also suffer from high transaction costs, insufficient transparency, and potential fraud risks due to the presence of intermediaries.

[0003] To overcome these problems, several solutions have been developed to leverage blockchain technology to improve the carbon trading market. These solutions typically include creating decentralized carbon credit trading platforms to make transactions more transparent and cost-effective; automatically executing transaction terms through smart contracts, releasing funds or carbon credits automatically when preset conditions are met, thus reducing the need for human intervention; and using blockchain technology to record the generation, transfer, and cancellation of carbon credits, ensuring each credit has a clear historical record and preventing reuse or fraud. Furthermore, some platforms have introduced multi-party collaboration frameworks, allowing multiple stakeholders (such as government agencies, environmental organizations, and businesses) to participate in the carbon credit review and confirmation process. However, existing technologies cannot guarantee the authenticity and accuracy of data before it is uploaded to the blockchain, and cannot handle cross-chain interoperability issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a blockchain-based method and system for energy trading and carbon credit management to address the issues of not being able to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of data before it is uploaded to the blockchain and not being able to handle cross-chain interoperability.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a blockchain-based method for energy trading and carbon credit management, the method comprising: We obtain project application data from each project from the user end, and verify the project application data from multiple parties to obtain the verification results. Based on the results of multi-party verification, the blockchain network is used to call smart contracts to generate corresponding carbon credits based on the project application data. Based on the blockchain network, energy trading and / or carbon credit management are carried out for various projects.

[0006] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided by this invention verifies the emission reduction effect of project declaration data through multi-party pre-verification to ensure the validity of carbon credits. Only verified carbon credits can be traded on the platform, guaranteeing the authenticity and accuracy of the data. Carbon credits are automatically generated through smart contracts driven by the blockchain network. The process is standardized and requires no human intervention. Issuance records are distributed and immutable, and the entire process is traceable. It supports interoperability with other blockchain platforms, allowing carbon credits to circulate between different blockchains, thereby expanding market coverage, promoting the development of clean energy and the progress of environmental protection, and helping to achieve global emission reduction goals.

[0007] In one alternative implementation, the method further includes: In response to cross-chain requests, lock local chain assets and generate cross-chain credentials based on the cross-chain gateway contract; Based on cross-chain credentials, assets on this chain are mapped to the target chain, and energy transactions and / or carbon credit management are completed on the target chain.

[0008] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided by this invention enables the cross-chain transfer of carbon credits and energy assets through a cross-chain gateway contract. After initiating a cross-chain request, the asset on the local chain is locked and an encrypted cross-chain certificate is generated to prevent the duplicate circulation of the same asset and ensure the security of asset transfer. The cross-chain certificate is used to complete the cross-chain mapping of assets, breaking down the data and asset barriers between different blockchain platforms, breaking the circulation restrictions of a single chain ecosystem, and expanding the coverage of the energy and carbon credit trading market. The entire process of locking, certificate generation, and cross-chain mapping is automatically executed by the contract without the need for human intervention. The cross-chain operation record is synchronously uploaded to the chain for evidence storage and traceability, balancing the flexibility of asset circulation and the authenticity of transactions.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the project application data includes: basic information, power generation data, environmental monitoring data, baseline reports, and emission reduction calculation materials. The project application data undergoes multi-party verification to obtain multi-party verification results, including: The third-party auditing agency reviews the power generation data, emission reduction calculation materials, and baseline reports to determine whether the project application data is true and compliant. At the environmental monitoring agency, real-time monitoring data and historical monitoring data are retrieved and cross-compared with the environmental monitoring data in the project application data to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the project application data; If the project application data is true, compliant, and without any abnormalities, the multi-party verification result will be "verification passed"; if the project application data is not true, non-compliant, or contains abnormalities, the multi-party verification result will be "verification failed".

[0010] The energy trading and carbon credit management method based on blockchain provided by this invention establishes a dual-entity, layered verification mechanism involving third-party auditing and environmental monitoring agencies based on different types of data in project application data. The auditing agency professionally verifies the compliance of emission reduction calculations, baselines, and power generation data, while the environmental monitoring agency cross-checks the application content based on real-time and historical raw monitoring data. This dual-dimensional mutual constraint screens out problems such as false applications, data tampering, and inflated emission reductions from the source of carbon credit issuance, solving the pain point of insufficient data credibility before traditional carbon trading is put on the blockchain, achieving pre-emptive risk control at the source, and ensuring the authenticity and effectiveness of the underlying carbon credit data.

[0011] In one alternative implementation, the blockchain network includes: a public blockchain and a consortium blockchain.

[0012] Public blockchains are designed for transaction participants to expose transaction records and disclose carbon credits. The consortium blockchain is designed for carbon credit reporting users, third-party auditing agencies, and environmental monitoring agencies, and is used to manage confidential data, carbon credit assets, and transaction clearing data.

[0013] The energy trading and carbon credit management method based on blockchain provided by this invention utilizes a hybrid public-private chain layered architecture to differentiate data access permissions for different entities. The public chain publicly discloses transaction records and carbon credit information to all trading participants, ensuring that carbon market transactions are transparent and searchable, and meeting the needs of market supervision and public traceability. The consortium chain is only open to compliant entities such as project applicants, auditors, and environmental monitoring agencies, and is dedicated to storing confidential project information, core carbon credit assets, and settlement data, isolating sensitive operational and monitoring information, balancing privacy protection and regulatory control, and achieving a balance between market transparency and corporate data security.

[0014] In one alternative implementation, energy trading and / or carbon credit management for each project is conducted based on a blockchain network, including: It acquires energy trading orders or carbon credit trading orders and automatically matches each energy trading order or carbon credit trading order based on smart contracts to generate matching results; Energy transactions, carbon credit transfers, and fund clearing are completed based on matching results and transaction confirmation instructions.

[0015] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided by this invention relies on smart contracts to automatically process energy and carbon credit trading orders, automatically completing order matching and replacing manual review and matching processes. This significantly improves transaction processing efficiency, shortens the transaction cycle, and automatically completes the transfer of carbon credit ownership and fund settlement after successful matching. The entire process is automated, eliminating the centralized intermediary settlement link, effectively reducing transaction costs, and reducing the risk of errors and fraud caused by human operation. All orders, matching records, asset transfers, and settlement information are synchronously stored on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with. The entire transaction process is traceable, taking into account both transaction convenience and the security of fund and carbon asset transfer.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, if carbon credits are used to offset emissions or fulfill obligations, a corresponding carbon credit cancellation application is generated. The validity of carbon credits to be cancelled is verified using smart contracts. If the verification passes, the carbon credits corresponding to the cancellation application are marked as permanently cancelled, and a cancellation log is generated.

[0017] The energy trading and carbon credit management method based on blockchain provided by this invention sets up a standardized cancellation process for compliance offsetting emission scenarios. It relies on smart contracts to automatically verify the validity of carbon credit ownership, status, issuance compliance and other conditions, and intercepts cancelled, misused and illegal carbon credits submitted for compliance at the source. After the verification is passed, the carbon credit is automatically and permanently cancelled and a complete cancellation log is retained. The cancellation record is synchronously uploaded to the blockchain and cannot be tampered with. It is traceable throughout the process, which is convenient for regulatory verification of the company's compliance.

[0018] Secondly, this invention provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system, the system comprising: The multi-party verification module is used to obtain project application data from users and perform multi-party verification on the project application data to obtain multi-party verification results. The carbon credit generation module is used to generate corresponding carbon credits based on project application data by calling smart contracts through the blockchain network, based on the results of multi-party verification. The energy trading and carbon credit management module is used for energy trading and / or carbon credit management of various projects based on a blockchain network.

[0019] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0020] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0021] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first process of a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second process for a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a complete flowchart of a specific embodiment of the blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in the present invention and their authorization should be obtained in accordance with relevant laws and regulations through appropriate means.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] As an optional application scenario of this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the energy trading and carbon credit management system may include at least one terminal device and at least one server. Figure 1 The system is illustrated in the example, which includes a computer 101, a mobile terminal 102, and a server 103, and the terminal devices such as the computer 101 and the mobile terminal 102 are connected to the server 103 through a network 110.

[0028] Specifically, the terminal device can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, PDA, desktop computer, game console, smart TV, smart wearable device, in-vehicle terminal, VR (Virtual Reality) device, AR (Augmented Reality) device, etc. Server 103 can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster, a distributed system, or a cloud server providing cloud services. Network 110 can be a wired or wireless network, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranet, local area network, wide area network, mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0029] This invention provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method. By verifying project application data through multi-party pre-verification and supporting interoperability with other blockchain platforms, it aims to ensure data authenticity and accuracy, allow cross-chain circulation of carbon credits, and expand market coverage.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0031] This embodiment provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method, which can be used in the aforementioned computer system. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S201: Obtain project application data for each project from the user terminal, and perform multi-party verification on the project application data to obtain the multi-party verification results.

[0032] Specifically, the user interface can take the form of a front-end application, mini-program, website, etc. After registration and real-name authentication, project owners submit project application data through the user interface. After the platform obtains the project application data from each project, it transmits it to multiple verification agencies. These agencies verify the project application data through their own user interfaces. For example, verification agencies may include: carbon regulatory agencies (to verify whether the project is included in local renewable energy and carbon emission reduction filing orders, whether the emission reduction methods and carbon credit issuance rules comply with national / local carbon policies, and to review whether issued carbon credits comply with the latest regulatory policies); power grid dispatching agencies (to verify the project's grid-connected power generation, on-grid settlement electricity, etc., and to confirm whether the declared power generation is consistent with the actual electricity received by the grid); third-party energy-saving / green certification agencies (to provide emission reduction additionality certificates and energy-saving benefit calculation reports to assist in verifying the authenticity and effectiveness of the project's emission reduction increment); third-party auditing agencies (to conduct professional audits of the project's power generation, emission reduction, etc., and issue signed audit reports); and environmental monitoring agencies (to compare real-time monitoring data with historical monitoring data to verify whether the deviation is within the compliance threshold). These are just examples and are not limited to this. A multi-layered verification mechanism ensures that the basic data before carbon credits are generated is authentic and valid.

[0033] Step S202: Based on the results of multi-party verification, the blockchain network is used to call the smart contract to generate corresponding carbon credits according to the project application data.

[0034] Specifically, if all verification results are satisfactory, the blockchain network is used to call the smart contract to generate corresponding carbon credits based on the project application data; if any verification results are unsatisfactory, the unsatisfactory information is fed back to the corresponding project party.

[0035] Smart contracts are program code embedded in a blockchain used to automatically execute transaction terms. In this embodiment, the smart contract manages the generation, transfer, and cancellation of carbon credits. When a renewable energy project successfully reduces a certain amount of carbon emissions, the smart contract automatically issues corresponding carbon credits to the project. Similarly, when carbon credits are successfully traded, the smart contract automatically updates ownership information and completes the corresponding fund transfer. This embodiment provides a flexible smart contract template, allowing for upgrades and adjustments based on changes in market demand, adapting to evolving policy and standard requirements, and improving the system's adaptability and maintainability.

[0036] The blockchain network has a built-in scheduling module that automatically addresses and invokes pre-deployed carbon credit generation smart contracts, passing the following data as contract parameters: hash of the project's complete declaration data; audit report signed by the auditing agency; comparison and verification records of the environmental monitoring agency; the project party's on-chain account address; and the original metering data of the project cycle and power generation.

[0037] The smart contract determines whether the conditions for issuing carbon credits are met based on the results of multi-party verification. If all verifications pass, the carbon credit generation process begins, generating the corresponding carbon credit limit and crediting it to the project's on-chain account. If any verification fails, the contract returns a rejection instruction to the blockchain and simultaneously pushes a rectification notice to the front end. No carbon credits are generated, and all verification records are permanently stored on the blockchain for future reference.

[0038] The contract generates equivalent standardized carbon credit assets based on the automatically calculated approved emission reduction tonnage (e.g., one unit of carbon credit corresponds to one ton of CO2e emission reduction). A globally unique on-chain asset identifier (ID) is generated for each batch of carbon credits, binding traceability metadata: project number, verification report hash, issuance timestamp, emission reduction cycle, and auditing institution identifier. The smart contract executes the asset transfer operation, recording the full amount of the newly generated carbon credits into the applicant project's dedicated on-chain account. A complete carbon credit issuance and storage transaction is generated, including: project data, dual-institution verification records, emission reduction calculation value, carbon credit ID, and account confirmation record.

[0039] Step S203: Based on the blockchain network, conduct energy trading and / or carbon credit management for each project.

[0040] Specifically, project owners or other users can publish buy and sell orders through the user terminal. The order information will be processed through smart contracts to facilitate agreements between buyers and sellers. After the transaction is executed, the ownership of carbon credits will be updated and the funds will be transferred. All transaction records are immutable and fully traceable in the blockchain network.

[0041] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment ensures the validity of carbon credits by verifying the emission reduction effects of project declaration data through multi-party pre-verification. Only verified carbon credits can be traded on the platform, guaranteeing the authenticity and accuracy of the data. Carbon credits are automatically generated through smart contracts driven by the blockchain network. The process is standardized and requires no human intervention. Issuance records are distributed and immutable, and the entire process is traceable. It supports interoperability with other blockchain platforms, allowing carbon credits to circulate between different blockchains, thereby expanding market coverage, promoting the development of clean energy and the progress of environmental protection, and helping to achieve global emission reduction goals.

[0042] In some alternative implementations, the method further includes: Step S204: In response to the cross-chain request, lock the local chain assets and generate cross-chain credentials based on the cross-chain gateway contract.

[0043] Specifically, users submit cross-chain transfer applications through the front-end application, filling in the quantity of carbon credits / energy assets to be transferred, their own on-chain account address, the target blockchain identifier, and the recipient's account address. The cross-chain request data packet is then encrypted and uploaded to the consortium blockchain network.

[0044] The blockchain network invokes a pre-deployed cross-chain gateway contract to establish interoperability with standardized cross-chain protocols. First, a pre-verification process is conducted to check user account ownership, asset status (whether it is tradable and unfrozen), cross-chain quota compliance, and whether the target chain is a system-authorized interoperable chain. If verification fails, the request is rejected and a notification is returned. Upon successful verification, the cross-chain gateway contract executes locking logic, marking the carbon credits or digital energy assets requested for transfer by the user as cross-chain locked. During the lock period, the asset is prohibited from trading, transferring, or canceling, preventing duplicate ownership confirmation due to the same asset circulating on two chains simultaneously. Locking information is synchronously uploaded to the blockchain to generate lock transaction records.

[0045] The smart contract generates an encrypted cross-chain certificate based on the total locked assets, asset metadata, initiating account, target chain address, and timestamp. This certificate contains a unique asset identifier, a locked block hash, and a verification signature; it is immutable and uncopyable, serving as the sole legal basis for mapping assets to the target chain. The cross-chain gateway synchronously sends the encrypted cross-chain certificate to the corresponding cross-chain gateway contract on the target blockchain via an inter-chain communication channel.

[0046] Step S205: Based on cross-chain credentials, map the assets of this chain to the target chain, and complete energy trading and / or carbon credit management on the target chain.

[0047] Specifically, after receiving the credential, the target chain cross-chain gateway contract verifies the signature, checks the credential hash, matches the local chain's locking records, verifies that the credential has not expired or been reused, and confirms that the credential is authentic and valid. If the credential is invalid or submitted repeatedly, the cross-chain process is terminated, and an exception receipt is sent to the source chain to unlock the locked assets on the source chain.

[0048] After the credentials are verified to be correct, the target chain smart contract generates an equivalent amount of mapped carbon credits / digital energy assets in the target chain recipient's account based on the asset type and amount recorded in the credentials. The mapped assets are bound to the original chain asset traceability identifier, and the original project information can be traced back throughout the entire process.

[0049] After the mapped assets are confirmed to the recipient's account, users can carry out all regular business on the target chain: publish energy trading orders, place carbon credit trading orders, transfer assets, offset emissions in compliance with regulations, and submit carbon credit cancellation applications. All operations are automatically executed by the target chain smart contract and stored on the chain.

[0050] After the target chain completes the asset mapping, it returns a cross-chain success receipt to the source chain's cross-chain gateway. The source chain binds and stores the receipt, lock record, cross-chain certificate, and target chain asset ID to form a complete cross-chain circulation ledger. If asset migration is required in the future, the cross-chain certificate can be used to reverse the process of unlocking, destroying the target chain mapped assets, and restoring the source chain asset circulation status.

[0051] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment enables the cross-chain transfer of carbon credits and energy assets through a cross-chain gateway contract. After initiating a cross-chain request, the asset on the local chain is locked and an encrypted cross-chain certificate is generated to prevent the duplicate circulation of the same asset and ensure the security of asset transfer. The cross-chain certificate is used to complete the cross-chain mapping of assets, breaking down the data and asset barriers between different blockchain platforms, breaking the circulation restrictions of a single chain ecosystem, and expanding the coverage of the energy and carbon credit trading market. The entire process of locking, certificate generation, and cross-chain mapping is automatically executed by the contract without the need for human intervention. The cross-chain operation record is synchronously uploaded to the chain for evidence storage and traceability, balancing the flexibility of asset circulation and the authenticity of transactions.

[0052] This embodiment provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method, which can be used in the aforementioned computer system. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S301: Obtain project application data for each project from the user terminal, and perform multi-party verification on the project application data to obtain the multi-party verification results.

[0053] Specifically, the project application data includes: basic information, power generation data, environmental monitoring data, baseline report, and emission reduction calculation materials. Step S301 above includes: Step S3011: The power generation data, emission reduction calculation materials, and baseline report are reviewed by a third-party auditing agency to determine whether the project application data is true and compliant.

[0054] Specifically, project owners can manage their carbon credit assets through a front-end application. This application not only provides an intuitive interface but also integrates data analytics tools to help users understand market trends and develop investment strategies. Furthermore, the front-end application supports multiple languages ​​to cater to the needs of different countries and regions.

[0055] Based on the review requirements, the specific parameters included in the project application data are determined, and the project application data for each project is obtained from each user terminal. In this embodiment, the review requirements include whether the carbon credit is genuine and compliant, and whether it meets the emission reduction standards. Therefore, the project application data includes: basic information, power generation data, environmental monitoring data, baseline report, and emission reduction calculation materials.

[0056] Third-party auditing firms establish a two-way trusted connection with consortium blockchain nodes through a secure and encrypted dedicated application programming interface (API). The third-party auditing firm transmits its professional audit report to the blockchain network after digital signature encryption. The blockchain network calls smart contracts to perform cross-verification to determine whether the project application data is true and compliant.

[0057] Step S3012: At the environmental monitoring agency, retrieve real-time monitoring data and historical monitoring data, and cross-compare them with the environmental monitoring data in the project application data to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the project application data.

[0058] Specifically, environmental monitoring agencies also establish a two-way trusted connection with the consortium blockchain nodes of the blockchain network through a secure and encrypted dedicated API interface. The environmental monitoring agencies transmit real-time monitoring data and historical monitoring data to the blockchain network after digital signature encryption. By calling smart contracts for cross-verification, it is determined whether the environmental monitoring data in the project application data meets the emission reduction standards. If it meets the emission reduction standards, it means there is no abnormality. If it does not meet the emission reduction standards, it means there is an abnormality.

[0059] In step S3013, if the project application data is true, compliant, and without any abnormalities, the multi-party verification result is "verification passed"; if the project application data is not true, non-compliant, or has abnormalities, the multi-party verification result is "verification failed".

[0060] Specifically, if the data submitted by the project is true, compliant, and without any abnormalities, the verification is successful. After the verification is successful, the data will be stored on the blockchain to form a closed loop connection from authoritative data outside the chain to trusted data on the chain, ensuring that the carbon credit generation data is true and traceable.

[0061] If the project application data is untrue, non-compliant, or abnormal, it will fail the verification, and the relevant information regarding the failure will be sent to the user terminal of the corresponding project party.

[0062] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment establishes a dual-entity, layered verification mechanism involving third-party auditing and environmental monitoring agencies based on different types of data in project application data. The auditing agency professionally verifies the compliance of emission reduction calculations, baselines, and power generation data, while the environmental monitoring agency cross-checks the application content based on real-time and historical raw monitoring data. This dual-dimensional mutual constraint screens out issues such as false applications, data tampering, and inflated emission reductions from the source of carbon credit issuance. It addresses the pain point of insufficient data credibility before traditional carbon trading is put on the blockchain, achieves pre-emptive risk control at the source, and ensures the authenticity and effectiveness of the underlying carbon credit data.

[0063] Step S302: Based on the multi-party verification results, the blockchain network is used to invoke a smart contract to generate corresponding carbon credits according to the project application data. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Step S202 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0064] Step S303: Based on the blockchain network, conduct energy trading and / or carbon credit management for each project.

[0065] In some alternative implementations, the blockchain network includes: public blockchains and consortium blockchains. Public blockchains are for transaction participants, used to disclose transaction records and carbon credits. Consortium blockchains are for carbon credit reporting users, third-party auditing agencies, and environmental monitoring agencies, used to manage confidential data, carbon credit assets, and transaction settlement data.

[0066] Specifically, the blockchain network is deployed on a distributed server cluster, employing a hybrid model combining public and consortium blockchains. This approach ensures both system openness and privacy protection. The public blockchain is open to a wide range of participants, while the consortium blockchain consists of specific members who collectively maintain the system's normal operation.

[0067] Consortium blockchain node members include project teams, third-party auditing institutions, environmental monitoring agencies, regulatory authorities, and cross-chain gateway nodes. Only authorized entities can access and read / write access.

[0068] (1) During the project application and multi-party verification stage, the project party submits the application data package through the user terminal, and the data is encrypted and uploaded to the consortium blockchain; the audit and environmental monitoring agencies access the consortium blockchain node to read the application data, complete the cross-verification, and write the verification results with digital signatures into the consortium blockchain ledger. All confidential data is not disclosed to the public.

[0069] (2) During the carbon credit generation and confirmation stage, the consortium blockchain calls the carbon issuance smart contract to automatically calculate and cast carbon credits based on the on-chain verification data, and records the carbon assets into the project party's consortium blockchain account; the project's original materials, emission reduction calculations, and issuance certificates are all stored in the consortium blockchain to protect the enterprise's operation and monitoring sensitive data.

[0070] (3) During the energy and carbon credit trading and settlement stage, the project party initiates a transaction order through the user terminal and stores it in the consortium blockchain. The smart contract automatically matches and completes the carbon credit transfer and fund settlement. The transaction settlement details and account asset ledger are stored in the consortium blockchain, and only the regulator and the trading parties can view the complete details.

[0071] (4) During the carbon credit cancellation control phase, all cancellation applications, contract validity verification records, and permanent cancellation logs are uploaded to the consortium blockchain, and regulatory agencies verify the compliance of enterprises through consortium blockchain nodes.

[0072] (5) During the cross-chain asset locking phase, after a user initiates a cross-chain request, the cross-chain gateway contract executes asset locking and generates cross-chain credentials on the consortium blockchain. The locking ledger and original cross-chain credentials are stored on the consortium blockchain for future reference.

[0073] The public blockchain is open to all market participants with no access restrictions. It only synchronizes and anonymizes data and does not store confidential original materials.

[0074] The consortium blockchain regularly synchronizes anonymized public information to the public blockchain: basic project information, total carbon credit issuance, completed transaction records, and carbon credit cancellation records, removing sensitive content such as enterprise-confidential power generation data and internal calculation drafts. Ordinary investors, the general public, and external institutions can access the public blockchain to freely query carbon credit issuance records, historical transaction data, and cancelled carbon credit information, achieving transparent market supervision without needing to access confidential data on the consortium blockchain. After the cross-chain asset disclosure and traceability are completed, the target chain synchronously anonymizes the cross-chain records to the corresponding public blockchain, allowing market personnel to trace the cross-chain transfer trajectory of carbon assets and ensuring that cross-market transactions are publicly verifiable.

[0075] The core business processes of project application, multi-level verification, carbon credit issuance, asset trading, cancellation, and cross-chain locking are all completed on the consortium blockchain, ensuring privacy and regulatory control. The consortium blockchain anonymizes business data, only synchronizing non-confidential public data to the public blockchain for external access. The public can query publicly available market information through the public blockchain, while regulatory agencies can retrieve complete original business data through the consortium blockchain, balancing data privacy, transaction security, and market transparency. All operations are stored on their respective blockchains, with the two types of blockchain data mutually corroborating each other, fully recording the entire lifecycle of energy trading and carbon credits, ensuring immutability and two-way traceability.

[0076] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment utilizes a hybrid public-private chain layered architecture to differentiate data access permissions for different entities. The public chain publicly discloses transaction records and carbon credit information to all trading participants, ensuring that carbon market transactions are transparent and searchable, and meeting the needs of market supervision and public traceability. The consortium chain is only open to compliant entities such as project applicants, auditors, and environmental monitoring agencies, and is dedicated to storing confidential project information, core carbon credit assets, and settlement data, isolating sensitive operational and monitoring information, balancing privacy protection and regulatory control, and achieving a balance between market transparency and corporate data security.

[0077] Specifically, step S303 includes: Step S3031: Obtain energy trading orders or carbon credit trading orders, and automatically match each energy trading order or carbon credit trading order based on the smart contract to generate matching results.

[0078] Specifically, project owners, emission-controlled enterprises, and investment institutions initiate business applications through a front-end application, distinguishing between two types of orders: energy trading orders require information on power generation type, on-grid electricity volume, price, and delivery period; carbon credit trading orders require information on carbon credit quantity, unit price, compliance period, and asset source. Order information is encrypted and uploaded to the consortium blockchain, simultaneously written to the on-chain temporary storage pool, and linked to the initiating user's on-chain account identity information.

[0079] The blockchain automatically invokes the smart contract for transaction matching, first verifying the basic validity of the order, checking that the initiating account holds the corresponding tradable assets, the quotation format is compliant, the delivery period is within the validity period, and the assets are not locked / cancelled; if the order is abnormal, it will be directly rejected and a notification will be pushed, and it will not enter the matching process.

[0080] The contract has built-in matching rules that distinguish between energy and carbon credits for separate matching: priority is given to matching buy and sell orders with consistent prices, delivery periods, and asset specifications, and automatic matching follows the principles of best transaction price and time priority; orders that are not successfully matched continue to be placed to wait for subsequent counterparty orders to flow in.

[0081] Once the matching is complete, the contract generates a matching result document, specifying the accounts of both the buyer and seller, the type of the transaction, the quantity traded, the total transaction price, the settlement time, and the order number. The matching result is simultaneously written to the consortium blockchain ledger, forming an immutable matching record, and a transaction notification is pushed to the front end. If there is no matching counterparty, a matching failure result is generated, and the order remains pending.

[0082] Step S3032: Based on the matching results and transaction confirmation instructions, complete the energy transaction, carbon credit transfer, and fund settlement.

[0083] Specifically, after receiving the matching results, the buyer and seller issue a transaction confirmation instruction through the front end. The instruction includes the user's digital signature and is uploaded to the blockchain. The smart contract verifies the authenticity of both parties' signatures. The subsequent delivery process is only executed after both parties confirm. If one party cancels, the order matching is terminated and the assets are returned to the original account.

[0084] For carbon credit transactions, the contract reads the carbon credit limit from the matching results, deducts the corresponding carbon credit from the seller's account, transfers it to the buyer's on-chain account, updates the carbon asset ledgers of both parties, and generates an asset transfer record on the blockchain. For energy transactions, the contract generates a digital energy delivery certificate based on the traded electricity volume, registers the energy holding ledgers of both parties, and simultaneously connects with the power grid metering data to complete the delivery and storage of power generation certificates. Offline power transmission is settled according to the on-chain certificate.

[0085] The contract-linked on-chain fund settlement module automatically deducts the corresponding amount from the buyer's fund account based on the total transaction price and transfers it to the seller's account. Settlement records and transaction fee records are simultaneously uploaded to the blockchain for storage, ensuring a completely automated settlement process. Once asset transfer, energy delivery, and fund settlement are complete, the smart contract integrates matching documents, confirmation instructions, transfer logs, and settlement vouchers to generate a complete transaction block. This record is permanently stored on the consortium blockchain, allowing regulators and both parties to the transaction to trace and query the transaction at any time, completing the entire transaction process in a closed loop.

[0086] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment relies on smart contracts to automatically process energy and carbon credit trading orders, automatically complete order matching, replace the manual review and matching process, significantly improve transaction processing efficiency, shorten the transaction cycle, and automatically complete the transfer of carbon credit ownership and fund settlement after successful matching. The entire process is automated, eliminating the decentralized intermediary settlement link, effectively reducing transaction costs, reducing the risk of errors and fraud caused by human operation, and all orders, matching records, asset transfer and settlement information are synchronously stored on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with. The entire transaction is traceable, taking into account both transaction convenience and the security of fund and carbon asset transfer.

[0087] In some alternative implementations, if carbon credits are used to offset emissions or fulfill obligations, a corresponding carbon credit cancellation application is generated.

[0088] The validity of carbon credits to be cancelled is verified using smart contracts. If the verification passes, the carbon credits corresponding to the cancellation application are marked as permanently cancelled, and a cancellation log is generated.

[0089] Specifically, if carbon credits are used to offset emissions and fulfill obligations, users can submit a cancellation application through the front end. The smart contract will automatically verify the validity and mark the carbon credits as cancelled to prevent reuse. At the same time, it will update the on-chain data and record the cancellation log.

[0090] Offsetting emissions refers to the practice of controlled emission enterprises using their carbon credits to offset their calculated carbon dioxide emissions. This is the sole purpose of using carbon credits and is considered a consumption activity. Completing compliance means that enterprises calculate their annual carbon emission quota shortfall, submit sufficient carbon credits to offset emissions, and pass regulatory verification, thus fulfilling their annual carbon emission compliance obligations. Asset validity is the compliance criterion for determining whether carbon credits can be cancelled. Smart contracts must first complete validity verification before eligible assets can be permanently cancelled. After cancellation, carbon credits become permanently invalid, and all subsequent operations will be deemed invalid, thus preventing the reuse and illegal offsetting of carbon credits at the source.

[0091] In addition, the platform has a market monitoring mechanism; any abnormal transactions or suspicious activities will be recorded and reported to the administrator. Users are encouraged to participate in community governance and influence platform policies and development direction through voting and other means.

[0092] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in this embodiment sets up a standardized cancellation process for compliance offsetting emission scenarios. It relies on smart contracts to automatically verify the validity of carbon credit ownership, status, issuance compliance and other conditions, and intercepts cancelled, misused and illegal carbon credits submitted for compliance at the source. After the verification is passed, the carbon credit is automatically and permanently cancelled and a complete cancellation log is retained. The cancellation record is synchronously uploaded to the blockchain and cannot be tampered with. It is fully traceable and facilitates regulatory verification of the company's compliance.

[0093] In one specific embodiment, emission-controlled enterprise A is the carbon credit purchaser, and a third-party auditing agency and an environmental monitoring agency act as the verification entities, in accordance with... Figure 4 The complete process shown includes carbon credit trading, specifically: (1) In the initial stage, staff enter the system to register users and projects; the system determines that the enterprise is a new user, performs the account creation operation, and assigns a dedicated account address for the consortium blockchain; subsequently, log in to the account to enter the business page.

[0094] (2) The project owner submits project application data at the front end, including basic information of nuclear power project, power generation data, environmental monitoring data, baseline report and emission reduction calculation materials; the system uploads the application data to the consortium blockchain, and the third-party auditing agency verifies the compliance of power generation, emission reduction calculation materials and baseline report; the environmental monitoring agency retrieves real-time monitoring data, historical monitoring data and application data for cross-comparison, conducts multi-party verification and audit, and the audit results form an audit record and are saved to the consortium blockchain.

[0095] (3) Once the verification is completed, the project application data is determined to be true and compliant, and the verification is passed; the blockchain network calls the smart contract deployed on the consortium chain, calculates the emission reduction based on the verification results, generates the corresponding amount of carbon credits, and generates the issuance record to be stored on the chain; if the verification fails, the project party modifies the project information and resubmits for verification.

[0096] (4) After the carbon credits are generated, they are simultaneously uploaded to the blockchain. The project party publishes carbon credit sales orders in the system; the emission-controlled enterprise A publishes carbon credit purchase orders, and the smart contract executes the order matching. If there are no suitable buyer orders, the process enters the waiting matching stage; the transaction is executed after the order is successfully matched.

[0097] (5) When the smart contract receives the transaction confirmation instruction from both parties, it automatically completes the transfer of carbon credits and fund settlement, and generates the corresponding transaction record. When the controlled emission enterprise A needs to offset its own carbon emissions and fulfill its obligations, it submits a cancellation application. The smart contract verifies the validity of the carbon credit assets. After the verification is passed, it updates the ownership of the carbon credits, permanently cancels the carbon credits and generates a cancellation record. Finally, the carbon credit transaction is completed and the process ends.

[0098] Furthermore, regulatory agencies can rely on the consortium blockchain to view audit records, transaction records, and cancellation records for oversight; market participants can view anonymized transaction records and carbon credit disclosure information on the public blockchain; if the project needs to transfer carbon credits across blockchains in the future, it can lock the assets on the local blockchain and generate cross-chain certificates through a cross-chain gateway contract to map the carbon credits to the target blockchain to complete the subsequent transaction.

[0099] This embodiment also provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0100] This embodiment provides a blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes: The multi-party verification module 501 is used to obtain project application data from the user terminal and perform multi-party verification on the project application data to obtain the multi-party verification results.

[0101] The carbon credit generation module 502 is used to generate corresponding carbon credits based on the project application data by calling smart contracts through the blockchain network based on the results of multi-party verification.

[0102] The Energy Trading and Carbon Credit Management Module 503 is used for energy trading and / or carbon credit management of various projects based on a blockchain network.

[0103] The blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system provided in this invention can execute the blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method provided in any embodiment of this invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the various modules and units are the same as in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0104] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 6This diagram illustrates a suitable structural design for implementing an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from memory 608 into random access memory (RAM) 603. RAM 603 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0106] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 605: input devices 606 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 607 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 608 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 609. Communication device 609 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 6 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0107] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 609, or installed from a memory 608, or installed from a ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by the processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0108] Figure 6 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0109] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management method shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0110] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0111] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for energy trading and carbon credit management, characterized in that, The method includes: The project application data of each project is obtained from the user terminal, and the project application data is verified by multiple parties to obtain the verification results. Based on the multi-party verification results, the blockchain network is used to call the smart contract to generate corresponding carbon credits according to the project application data. Based on the blockchain network, energy trading and / or carbon credit management are carried out for various projects.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to cross-chain requests, lock local chain assets and generate cross-chain credentials based on the cross-chain gateway contract; Based on cross-chain credentials, the assets of this chain are mapped to the target chain, and energy transactions and / or carbon credit management are completed on the target chain.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The project application data includes: basic information, power generation data, environmental monitoring data, baseline reports, and emission reduction calculation materials. The project application data undergoes multi-party verification to obtain verification results, including: The third-party auditing agency reviews the power generation data, emission reduction calculation materials, and baseline reports to determine whether the project application data is true and compliant. At the environmental monitoring agency, real-time monitoring data and historical monitoring data are retrieved and cross-compared with the environmental monitoring data in the project application data to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the project application data. If the project application data is true, compliant, and without any abnormalities, the multi-party verification result is "verification passed"; if the project application data is not true, non-compliant, or contains abnormalities, the multi-party verification result is "verification failed".

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blockchain network includes: public blockchains and consortium blockchains, wherein, Public blockchains are designed for transaction participants to expose transaction records and disclose carbon credits. The consortium blockchain is designed for carbon credit reporting users, third-party auditing agencies, and environmental monitoring agencies, and is used to manage confidential data, carbon credit assets, and transaction clearing data.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the blockchain network, energy trading and / or carbon credit management are carried out for various projects, including: It acquires energy trading orders or carbon credit trading orders and automatically matches each energy trading order or carbon credit trading order based on smart contracts to generate matching results; Based on the matching results and transaction confirmation instructions, complete the energy transaction, carbon credit transfer, and fund settlement.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, If carbon credits are used to offset emissions or fulfill obligations, a corresponding carbon credit cancellation application will be generated. The validity of carbon credits to be cancelled is verified using smart contracts. If the verification passes, the carbon credits corresponding to the cancellation application are marked as permanently cancelled, and a cancellation log is generated.

7. A blockchain-based energy trading and carbon credit management system, characterized in that, The system includes: The multi-party verification module is used to obtain project application data from the user terminal and perform multi-party verification on the project application data to obtain multi-party verification results. The carbon credit generation module is used to generate corresponding carbon credits based on the multi-party verification results, by using the blockchain network to call smart contracts and according to the project application data. The energy trading and carbon credit management module is used for energy trading and / or carbon credit management of various projects based on a blockchain network.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

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