An intelligent irrigation management system and method based on big data analysis

Abstract

The application provides a kind of intelligent irrigation management system and method based on big data analysis, it is related to wisdom irrigation technical field, the present application first collects the surveying and mapping of slope planting area, pipe network, valve, sensor and planting boundary data, divides several irrigation management subareas and establishes slope irrigation characteristic data set;Again based on the water level of collection tank, runoff time and actual water volume obtains slope runoff volume, runoff loss ratio and confluence compensation water volume;Subsequently, based on the moisture content of multiple depth soil layers, obtain root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time and deep percolation marker, and calculate effective infiltration water volume and irrigation water effective arrival coefficient;Finally, combined with water shortage risk index, generate subarea screening marker, output limited irrigation, split irrigation, delayed supplemental irrigation, preferential supplemental irrigation or maintenance irrigation strategy.The present application improves the control precision of slope irrigation subarea and the effective utilization rate of irrigation water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart irrigation technology, specifically to a smart irrigation management system and method based on big data analysis. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of water-saving agriculture and smart agriculture, precision irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation have been widely applied in planting scenarios such as orchards, tea gardens, economic forests, and sloping farmland. Existing intelligent irrigation systems typically obtain soil moisture content, rainfall, evapotranspiration, and irrigation plans through soil moisture sensors, weather stations, valve controllers, and irrigation management platforms, and control the opening and closing of valves according to preset thresholds or crop water requirements to achieve automated irrigation.

[0003] However, in continuous slope scenarios such as mountain orchards and hillside economic crop planting areas, the actual distribution of irrigation water is not only affected by valve opening time and pipeline outflow, but also significantly influenced by factors such as slope elevation difference, slope runoff, uphill runoff, interception by field ridges and grass strips, soil infiltration capacity, and root zone moisture response. Existing irrigation control methods often treat the same valve-controlled area as a homogeneous region, easily overlooking issues such as uphill zoning irrigation water loss along the slope, downhill zoning receiving uphill runoff compensation, persistent dampness in the slope toe area, and deep seepage. This results in uphill areas appearing irrigated but the root zone not adequately replenished, while downhill areas are actually overly wet but continue to be irrigated. This leads to low irrigation water use efficiency, inaccurate zoning and irrigation restriction strategies, and a mismatch between valve control commands and the actual water demand of the root zone. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent irrigation management system and method based on big data analysis to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A smart irrigation management system based on big data analytics includes: The slope irrigation data modeling module is used to collect and register survey data, irrigation network layout data and field sensor deployment data of the slope planting area. It divides the slope into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, slope change location, height difference between adjacent tree rows and confluence path connectivity, and establishes a slope irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. The slope runoff and confluence correction module is used to obtain the slope runoff volume and slope runoff loss ratio based on the water level of the collection channel, the runoff start time, the runoff end time and the actual outflow volume, and to obtain the confluence compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone based on the slope runoff volume and confluence path maintenance coefficient of the upslope zone. The root zone infiltration response assessment module is used to obtain the root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time and deep leakage markers based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of multi-depth soil layers in each irrigation management zone. The effective infiltration volume calculation module is used to obtain the effective infiltration volume, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, and infiltration verification deviation for each irrigation management zone based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, and deep seepage volume. The irrigation risk screening module is used to generate a screening label for each irrigation management zone based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index. The irrigation strategy generation module is used to generate corresponding irrigation control strategies according to the priority of the partition screening marks, and convert the irrigation control strategies into irrigation control instructions that can be executed by the valves.

[0006] A smart irrigation management method based on big data analytics, applied to a smart irrigation management system based on big data analytics, includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect survey data, irrigation network layout data, valve control data, field sensor deployment data, and planting boundary data of the sloping planting area. Unify the collected data into the same sloping planting area plane coordinate system. Divide the sloping planting area into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, slope change location, adjacent tree row height difference, and confluence path connectivity. Establish a sloping irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. Step 2: Based on the water level of the collection channel, the runoff start time, the runoff end time and the actual outflow volume of each irrigation management zone, obtain the slope runoff volume and the slope runoff loss ratio. Based on the slope runoff volume of the upslope zone and the runoff path retention coefficient from the upslope zone to the current irrigation management zone, obtain the runoff compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone. Step 3: Based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of soil layers at multiple depths within each irrigation management zone, obtain the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the corresponding soil layers, and obtain the root zone water storage increment based on the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the 40 cm and 60 cm main root zone soil layers. Obtain the infiltration lag time based on the start time of the main root zone recovery and the valve opening time. Generate deep seepage markers based on the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the 90 cm soil layer. Step 4: Based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, 90 cm soil layer volume moisture content recovery, and deep seepage markers, obtain the deep seepage volume, effective infiltration volume, irrigation water effective arrival coefficient, and infiltration verification deviation. Based on the crop stage water requirement volume, effective infiltration volume, and crop stage water sensitivity coefficient, obtain the water shortage volume and irrigation water shortage risk index. Step 5: Based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index, generate a partition screening marker for each irrigation management zone, and generate corresponding irrigation control strategies according to the priority of the partition screening markers. Then, send the irrigation control strategies to the valve controller for execution.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention divides the sloping planting area into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, the location of slope abrupt changes, the height difference between adjacent tree rows, and the connectivity of the confluence path. For each irrigation management zone, a slope topography dataset, a slope runoff response dataset, a soil infiltration capacity dataset, a root zone humidity recovery dataset, and an irrigation execution feedback dataset are established. This improves the data binding consistency and zoning control accuracy of sloping irrigation objects and avoids the problem of ignoring the differences in irrigation response between the upper slope, middle slope, and slope foot within the same valve control zone.

[0008] This invention identifies the slope runoff volume and slope runoff loss ratio by collecting data on the water level of the collection channel, the start time of runoff, the end time of runoff, and the actual outflow volume. It also obtains the runoff compensation water volume by combining the upslope zone runoff volume with the confluence path maintenance coefficient. This improves the quantitative ability of slope loss water volume and downslope compensation water volume, enabling the system to distinguish between different situations such as upslope runoff loss, confluence compensation, and slope toe overwetting verification, reducing misjudgments caused by simply controlling irrigation based on the planned outflow volume.

[0009] This invention improves the accuracy of identifying whether irrigation water has truly reached the main root zone of the crop by reading the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of soil layers at depths of 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 90cm. It also reduces the problem of insufficient water replenishment in the main root zone or continued water addition due to deep seepage caused by judging irrigation completion solely based on surface humidity increases or pipe flow.

[0010] This invention calculates the effective infiltration volume by unifying the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, confluence compensation water volume, and deep seepage volume into a single volume quantity. Furthermore, it obtains the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water and the infiltration verification deviation, thereby improving the dimensional consistency and verifiability of irrigation water balance calculations. This enables the effective infiltration judgment to simultaneously reflect water input, slope loss, uphill compensation, deep loss, and root zone response.

[0011] This invention generates zoning screening markers based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index. It then performs strategy matching in the order of deep seepage-limited irrigation, slope toe over-wet irrigation, slope runoff-type inefficient irrigation, infiltration lag-type supplementary irrigation, priority supplementary irrigation, and effective infiltration target achievement. This improves the uniqueness and security of irrigation strategy output and avoids the same valve receiving both supplementary irrigation and limited irrigation commands simultaneously. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the slope irrigation data modeling module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope runoff and confluence correction module. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the root zone infiltration response assessment module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effective infiltration water volume calculation module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation risk screening module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation strategy generation module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0015] To make the technical solution, source, calculation process, and strategy output of this invention clearer, the following embodiments all use the same application scenario for illustration. This application scenario is a zoned drip irrigation management scenario for a hilly citrus orchard on a slope. The orchard is located on a continuous slope with a slope gradient of 5 to 22 degrees. Citrus trees are laid out along contour lines and partially down the slope. The irrigation system includes a water storage tank, a variable frequency pump station, main pipes, branch pipes, electric valves, drip irrigation tape, slope runoff collection troughs, multi-depth root zone humidity sensors, branch pipe flow meters, pipeline pressure sensors, an automatic weather station, an edge gateway, and an irrigation management server. Embodiments one through five below all pertain to the same application scenario of a hilly citrus orchard on a slope. Each embodiment uses the same batch of irrigation management zone numbers, the same sensor network, the same irrigation cycle, and the same historical sample library; the only difference lies in the corresponding processing modules. The communication network of this system adopts a four-layer structure: "sensor node—edge gateway—irrigation management server—valve controller". The field sensor nodes include a drone RTK mapping terminal, a ground RTK verification terminal, an integrated soil moisture and temperature sensor, a slope runoff ultrasonic water level gauge, a miniature open channel flow meter at the toe of the slope, a branch pipe electromagnetic flow meter, a pipeline pressure sensor, an automatic weather station, a filter differential pressure sensor, a valve position feedback device, and an electric valve controller. Each sensor connects to the edge gateway via LoRa, NB-IoT, 4G, and Ethernet. After time synchronization, abnormal data removal, and zone number binding are completed by the edge gateway, the data is sent to the irrigation management server.

[0016] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 The present invention discloses an intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis, comprising: The slope irrigation data modeling module is used to collect and register survey data, irrigation network layout data and field sensor deployment data of the slope planting area. It divides the slope into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, slope change location, height difference between adjacent tree rows and confluence path connectivity, and establishes a slope irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. The slope runoff and confluence correction module is used to obtain the slope runoff volume and slope runoff loss ratio based on the water level of the collection channel, the runoff start time, the runoff end time and the actual outflow volume, and to obtain the confluence compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone based on the slope runoff volume and confluence path maintenance coefficient of the upslope zone. The root zone infiltration response assessment module is used to obtain the root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time and deep leakage markers based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of multi-depth soil layers in each irrigation management zone. The effective infiltration volume calculation module is used to obtain the effective infiltration volume, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, and infiltration verification deviation for each irrigation management zone based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, and deep seepage volume. The irrigation risk screening module is used to generate a screening label for each irrigation management zone based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index. The irrigation strategy generation module is used to generate corresponding irrigation control strategies according to the priority of the partition screening marks, and convert the irrigation control strategies into irrigation control instructions that can be executed by the valves.

[0017] Figure 1 The exhibition showcases the sloping planting area, irrigation management zones, drip irrigation network, valve control structure, catchment trough, multi-depth soil moisture probes, field sensors, and irrigation control platform; (with appendix) Figure 1 The slope planting area, valve control range, slope abrupt change location, adjacent tree row height difference, runoff path, and irrigation management zone correspond to the slope irrigation data modeling module. This module is used to represent and register survey data, irrigation network layout data, and field sensor deployment data, and to establish a slope irrigation characteristic dataset. The catchment trough, water level detection structure, slope runoff path, and uphill to downhill runoff path in the attached diagram correspond to the slope runoff and runoff correction module. This module is used to represent the slope runoff volume, slope runoff loss ratio, and runoff compensation water volume obtained based on the catchment trough water level, runoff start time, runoff end time, and actual outflow volume. The multi-depth soil moisture probe, root zone moisture response structure, and deep seepage detection structure in the attached diagram correspond to the root zone infiltration response assessment module and the effective infiltration water volume calculation module. This module is used to represent the root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, deep seepage markers, effective infiltration water volume, and effective irrigation water arrival coefficient obtained based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of the multi-depth soil layers. The risk screening interface, strategy output interface, and valve control cabinet in the attached diagram correspond to the irrigation risk screening module and the irrigation strategy generation module. They are used to generate zoning screening marks based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index, and output strategies such as limited irrigation, staggered irrigation, delayed supplementary irrigation, priority supplementary irrigation, or maintenance irrigation.

[0018] Example 1 This embodiment corresponds to the slope irrigation data modeling module, which includes a data acquisition and registration unit, a slope zoning unit, and an irrigation feature mapping unit. The data acquisition and registration unit is used to collect and register survey data, irrigation network layout data, and field sensor deployment data for the slope planting area. The slope zoning unit is used to divide irrigation management zones according to valve control range, slope abrupt change locations, adjacent tree row height differences, and confluence path connectivity. The irrigation feature mapping unit is used to establish a slope irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. The purpose of the processing is not to directly generate irrigation instructions, but to first bind the topography, network, sensors, runoff, soil, and execution feedback data of the same slope orchard to the same irrigation management zone to avoid inconsistencies in subsequent calculations. Specific steps include: S101. Collect digital elevation models, orthophotos, and vegetation cover images of mountain citrus sloping orchards using UAV RTK mapping terminals; collect locations of reservoirs, pumping stations, main pipes, branch pipes, valve wells, tree row beginnings, tree row ends, and slope toes using ground RTK verification terminals; read existing irrigation network GIS files using irrigation management servers; and read sensor numbers, installation locations, installation depths, and valve control zones using edge gateways.

[0019] S102, the data acquisition and registration unit unifies the UAV RTK mapping data, ground RTK verification data, irrigation network layout data, and field sensor deployment data into the same plane coordinate system for the sloping planting area. For elevation anomalies caused by citrus tree canopies, weeds, personnel, and equipment, the system uses a neighborhood elevation difference filtering method to remove them and uses interpolation of adjacent ground points to restore the surface elevation.

[0020] S103. Slope zoning units: Based on valve control range, location of slope abrupt changes, height difference between adjacent tree rows, and confluence path connectivity, the mountainous citrus slope orchard is divided into several irrigation management zones, and the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as G. i Let i = 1, 2, ..., N, where N represents the number of irrigation management zones. An irrigation management zone corresponds to a continuous tree segment within the same valve control range that has similar slope position, similar irrigation pressure, and can be represented by the root zone sensor. If the same valve control range includes both upslope and toe slope positions, the system is further divided into two irrigation management zones.

[0021] S104, Irrigation Feature Mapping Unit for the first A slope irrigation feature dataset was established for each irrigation management zone. The slope irrigation feature dataset includes a slope topography dataset, a slope runoff response dataset, a soil infiltration capacity dataset, a root zone moisture recovery dataset, and an irrigation execution feedback dataset.

[0022] The slope topography dataset includes the first Management zone number of each irrigation management zone , No. The upper surface elevation of each irrigation management zone , No. The lower surface elevation of each irrigation management zone , No. Slope projection distance of each irrigation management zone , No. Slope angle of each irrigation management zone , No. Slope type of irrigation management zone , No. Actual planting area of ​​each irrigation management zone , No. Uphill contribution area of ​​each irrigation management zone , No. The uphill contribution area ratio of each irrigation management zone , No. Length of the runoff path in each irrigation management zone , No. Connectivity markers for the confluence paths of irrigation management zones and the Slope flow obstruction structure markings for each irrigation management zone .in, , and Acquired through UAV RTK mapping terminal and ground RTK verification terminal; Obtained by superimposing valve-controlled boundaries and treeline boundaries; , and Obtained through flow direction analysis and confluence path analysis using digital elevation models; The slope type of the i-th irrigation management zone is generated after identifying grass strips, field ridges, mulch, and drainage ditches using UAV visible light imagery, ground image acquisition terminals, and manual inspection terminals. The slope type is determined by obtaining the center elevation of each irrigation management zone using a UAV RTK digital elevation model and classifying them according to the elevation ranking within the same slope. Zones in the top 30% of the elevation ranking are marked as upslope, those in the top 30% to 70% are marked as mid-slope, and those in the bottom 30% are marked as toe slope. This parameter is used for subsequent determination of priority irrigation on upslopes, reduced irrigation at the toe slope, and runoff compensation verification. The runoff path connectivity marker for the i-th irrigation management zone is obtained by extracting the water flow direction line from the upslope zone to the current zone using the digital elevation model and combining it with the locations of field ridges, grass strips, roads, drainage ditches, and mulch for obstruction judgment. When the water flow direction line is not interrupted by field ridges, roads, or drainage ditches, the connectivity marker is 1; when the water flow direction line is blocked or led out of the current zone by a drainage ditch, the connectivity marker is 0. This parameter is used to filter out spurious runoff paths that cannot form genuine water replenishment. The slope obstruction structure markers for the i-th irrigation management zone are identified using UAV visible light imagery and ground-based imaging of grass strips, field ridges, mulch, and drainage ditches, and verified by manual inspection terminals. A valid obstruction structure marker is generated when the grass strip is continuous, the field ridge is intact, or the mulch thickness reaches a set value; a failed obstruction structure marker is generated when there are broken strips, collapsed ridges, or missing mulch. This parameter is used to determine whether slope runoff will be reduced.

[0023] The slope runoff response dataset includes the first Irrigation start time for each irrigation management zone , No. Runoff start time in each irrigation management zone , No. Runoff end time for each irrigation management zone , No. Water level in the catchment channels of each irrigation management zone , No. Instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff in each irrigation management zone , No. Slope runoff volume in each irrigation management zone ,in Data is collected by an ultrasonic level gauge installed in the lower edge of the sectional collection channel. The flow rate was calculated from the water level in the collection channel and verified using a miniature open channel flow meter at the toe of the slope. Soil infiltration capacity dataset includes the first Stable infiltration rate of each irrigation management zone , No. Surface crust markings in each irrigation management zone and the first The infiltration capacity status of each irrigation management zone; among which... Data were obtained from tests conducted using a portable dual-ring infiltration instrument in representative tree rows. The infiltration capacity status of the i-th irrigation management zone is identified through close-up ground images and manual inspection terminals, generated by comparing the stable soil infiltration rate with a set infiltration threshold. The stable infiltration rate is obtained through on-site testing using a portable dual-ring infiltrator; a stable infiltration rate greater than or equal to 12 mm / h is marked as normal infiltration; a stable infiltration rate between 6 mm / h and 12 mm / h is marked as slow infiltration; and a stable infiltration rate less than 6 mm / h is marked as restricted infiltration. This is used to explain the formation of infiltration-delayed supplementary irrigation zones.

[0024] The root zone humidity recovery dataset includes the first... Pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content of the 20cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content of the 40cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content of the 60cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content of the 90cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Post-irrigation stable volumetric water content of the 20cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of the 40cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of the 60cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Post-irrigation stable volumetric water content of the 90cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone , No. Each irrigation management zone is in Volumetric moisture content rise in deep soil layers , No. Root zone water storage increment in each irrigation management zone , No. The time when the main root zone of each irrigation management zone begins to recover. , No. Infiltration lag time of each irrigation management zone , No. Effective wetting depth of each irrigation management zone , No. Deep seepage volume in each irrigation management zone and the Deep seepage markers for each irrigation management zone The deep seepage marker for the i-th irrigation management zone is generated by comparing the increase in volumetric moisture content of the 90cm soil layer with the deep seepage judgment threshold. The 90cm soil layer is located below the main root zone of the citrus tree. When the increase in volumetric moisture content of this layer is greater than or equal to 0.020, it indicates that irrigation water has significantly moved below the main root zone, and the deep seepage marker is set to 1; when the increase in volumetric moisture content of this layer is less than 0.020, the deep seepage marker is set to 0. The volumetric moisture content is collected by multi-layer soil moisture and humidity sensors deployed at depths of 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 90cm. The sensors are connected to the edge gateway via LoRa nodes. The time it takes for the moisture content curve of the 40cm or 60cm soil layer to first show a sustained increase is determined. Determined based on the deepest soil layer where effective rebound occurred; It is generated by comparing the amount of soil rise in the 90cm layer with the threshold for judging deep leakage.

[0025] The irrigation execution feedback dataset includes the first Planned irrigation volume for each irrigation management zone , No. Actual outflow volume of each irrigation management zone , No. Valve opening time for each irrigation management zone , No. Valve closing time for each irrigation management zone , No. Valve opening duration for each irrigation management zone , No. Irrigation execution deviation volume of each irrigation management zone .in, Generated by the irrigation management server; Obtained by integration from the branch pipe electromagnetic flowmeter; and Recorded by the electric valve controller; .

[0026] S105, Obtaining the first [item] based on the slope topography dataset. The upper surface elevation of each irrigation management zone , Lower surface elevation and slope projection distance Then, calculate the first... Slope angle of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0027] In the formula, Indicates the first Slope angles of each irrigation management zone, in degrees; Indicates the first The upper surface elevation of each irrigation management zone, in meters; Indicates the first The lower surface elevation of each irrigation management zone, in meters; Indicates the first Slope projection distance of each irrigation management zone, in meters; This represents the length stabilization term to prevent the denominator from being zero, in meters, preferably 0.001 meters. The formula works by dividing the elevation difference between the upper and lower ends by the slope projection distance to form a dimensionless elevation difference ratio, which is then converted into a slope angle using the arctangent function.

[0028] S106, Obtain the first based on the slope topography dataset Uphill contribution area of ​​each irrigation management zone and actual planting area Then, calculate the first... The uphill contribution area ratio of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0029] In the formula, Indicates the first The ratio of uphill contribution area to each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; Indicates the ability to send to the first The upslope contribution area of ​​each irrigation management zone for transporting slope runoff, in square meters; Indicates the first The actual planted area of ​​each irrigation management zone, in square meters; This represents the area stabilization term to prevent the denominator from being zero, with the unit being square meters, preferably 0.001 square meters. The principle of the formula is to divide the areas of the same dimension to obtain a dimensionless ratio, which is used to reflect the scale of uphill water that the current zone may receive. An example table of slope zoning modeling is shown in Table 1 below.

[0030] Table 1: Example Table of Slope Land Zoning Modeling

[0031] In Table 1, G1 to G7 are all the i-th irrigation management zone G iExample labels. Table 1 corresponds to the slope irrigation data modeling process in Embodiment 1, illustrating how the system forms a zonal modeling result for mountain citrus slope orchards based on slope angle, uphill contribution area ratio, confluence path connectivity markers, and slope obstruction structure markers. The technical principle of this embodiment is to first unify the surveying data, pipeline data, and field sensor data within the same mountain citrus slope orchard, and then establish five types of datasets using irrigation management zones as indexes. This modeling method enables subsequent Embodiments 2 to 5 to call the topography, runoff, infiltration, root zone, and execution data of the same zone, avoiding logical breaks caused by mixing different application scenarios.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment corresponds to the slope runoff and confluence correction module. The slope runoff and confluence correction module includes a slope runoff loss calculation unit and a confluence compensation calculation unit. The slope runoff loss calculation unit is used to obtain the slope runoff volume and slope runoff loss ratio based on the collection channel water level, runoff start time, runoff end time, and actual outflow volume. The confluence compensation calculation unit is used to obtain the confluence compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone based on the slope runoff volume and confluence path maintenance coefficient of the upslope zone, and to generate corresponding runoff and confluence correction results according to the slope runoff loss ratio, confluence compensation water volume, and slope toe attributes. This embodiment is still based on the drip irrigation management scenario of the mountain citrus slope orchard in Embodiment 1. This module is used to identify the slope runoff loss of the current zone after irrigation is executed and to determine the confluence compensation water volume from the upslope zone.

[0033] S201, The slope runoff loss calculation unit reads the first... Actual outflow volume of each irrigation management zone Valve opening time and valve closing time Read the first data from the slope runoff response dataset. Water level in the catchment channels of each irrigation management zone The collection channel is located at the lower edge of the partition and perpendicular to the direction of the tree line. An ultrasonic water level meter collects the water level in the collection channel, and a miniature open channel flow meter at the toe of the slope is used to verify the runoff.

[0034] S202, Based on the water level of the collection channel Determining the water level at the start of flow in the collection channel Flow rate calibration coefficient of the collection channel and the water level index of the collection channel Calculate the first Each irrigation management zone is in Instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff at time The formula is:

[0035] In the formula, Indicates the first Each irrigation management zone is in Instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff at any given time, expressed in cubic meters per minute; Indicates the first The flow rate calibration coefficient of the collection channel for each irrigation management zone is obtained through on-site quantitative water discharge calibration. Indicates the first The irrigation management zone's catchment canal is located in Water level at any given time, in meters; Indicates the first The water level at which the flow starts to be determined in the collection channel of each irrigation management zone, in meters; Indicates the first The water level index of the collection channels in each irrigation management zone is obtained by calibrating the cross-sectional shape of the collection channels. The principle of the formula is that after the water level in the collection channel exceeds the flow initiation judgment level, the water level difference is converted into instantaneous flow rate through the water level-flow rate relationship calibrated on site. The maximum value function is used to ensure that the flow rate is zero when the water level has not reached the flow initiation level.

[0036] S203, Based on instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff Runoff start time and runoff end time Calculate the first Slope runoff volume in the current irrigation cycle of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0037] In the formula, Indicates the first The volume of slope runoff in each irrigation management zone during the current irrigation cycle, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The runoff start time for each irrigation management zone is determined by the time when the water level in the collection channel first exceeds the runoff initiation judgment level. Indicates the first The runoff termination time for each irrigation management zone is determined by the time it takes for the water level in the collection channel to drop back to the termination judgment water level. This indicates the instantaneous flow rate of runoff on the slope.

[0038] S204, Based on slope runoff volume and actual outflow volume Calculate the first Slope runoff loss ratio in each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0039] In the formula, Indicates the first The proportion of slope runoff loss in each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; This indicates the volume of surface runoff, expressed in cubic meters. This indicates the actual volume of water discharged, in cubic meters. This represents the volume stabilization term to prevent the denominator from being zero, in cubic meters, preferably 0.001 cubic meters. The formula works by dividing the slope loss volume by the actual outflow volume to obtain the proportion of slope loss in the current zone's output water volume.

[0040] S205, the confluence compensation calculation unit reads the data from the slope topography dataset that can be directed to the first... A set of uphill zones that transport slope runoff within an irrigation management zone. And read upslope partitions from the slope runoff response dataset. Slope runoff volume The system combines the length of the runoff path, the status of the grass strip interception, the integrity of the field ridges, and the connectivity of the drainage ditch to calibrate the first... The uphill section to the first Confluence path preservation coefficient of each irrigation management zone After obtaining the above, calculate the first... The amount of runoff compensation water received by each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0041] In the formula, Indicates the first The amount of water received by each irrigation management zone as compensation, in cubic meters; Indicates the ability to send to the first A set of uphill zones that transport slope runoff within an irrigation management zone; Indicates the first The volume of slope runoff formed in the current irrigation cycle for each uphill section, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The uphill section to the first The runoff path maintenance coefficient for each irrigation management zone is specifically determined by releasing a known volume of test water in the upslope zone, recording the actual arrival volume using the current zone's lower edge catchment trough and root zone humidity sensor, and using the ratio of the actual arrival volume to the upslope release volume as the path maintenance coefficient. The preferred value range is 0 to 1, with 0.65 to 0.85 being preferred when the path grass belt is continuous and there are no drainage ditches, and 0.10 to 0.35 when there are field ridges or drainage ditches diverting the flow. The formula works by multiplying the upslope runoff volume by the dimensionless path maintenance coefficient, which still equals a volume. The sum of multiple upslope sources yields the compensation water volume that the current zone can receive.

[0042] S206, if Greater than or equal to the runoff loss threshold The system will Each irrigation management zone is marked as a slope runoff loss zone; if Greater than or equal to the confluence compensation threshold The system will If the i-th irrigation management zone is located at the toe of a slope and the amount of water received by the i-th irrigation management zone for runoff compensation is greater than or equal to the preset runoff compensation threshold, the system temporarily marks the i-th irrigation management zone as a slope toe over-wetness verification zone and sends this mark to the root zone infiltration response assessment module. The root zone infiltration response assessment module will continue to read the volumetric moisture content of the 40cm and 60cm soil layers from 12 to 24 hours after irrigation, for subsequent irrigation risk screening and irrigation strategy generation modules to determine whether a slope toe over-wetness restricted irrigation zone has been formed. Examples of runoff and runoff correction are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2: Examples of Runoff and Confluence Corrections

[0044] Table 2 shows the slope runoff and confluence correction process corresponding to Example 2. Preferably, the runoff loss threshold is 0.20, and the confluence compensation threshold is 1.00m. 3 The slope runoff loss ratios for G1 and G2 are 30% and 25% respectively, both exceeding the runoff loss threshold, therefore they are marked as slope runoff loss zones; the catchment compensation volumes for G3 and G4 are both greater than 1.00 m³. 3 Therefore, it is marked as a confluence compensation zone; G5 and G6 are located at the toe of the slope and have a large confluence compensation water volume, so they are entered into the slope toe over-wetness verification.

[0045] The technical principle of this embodiment is to first obtain the actual runoff volume on the slope using a collection channel and a water level gauge, and then use a runoff path retention coefficient to convert the portion of the uphill runoff volume that can enter the downhill zone into runoff compensation water volume. This process is carried out entirely around the same irrigation cycle of the same mountain citrus slope orchard, and data from different orchard scenarios are no longer mixed.

[0046] Example 3 This embodiment corresponds to the root zone infiltration response assessment module. The root zone infiltration response assessment module includes a humidity recovery curve extraction unit, a root zone water storage increment calculation unit, an infiltration lag judgment unit, and a deep leakage judgment unit. The humidity recovery curve extraction unit is used to read the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of soil layers at different depths within each irrigation management zone, and obtain the corresponding soil layer's volumetric moisture content recovery amount; the root zone water storage increment calculation unit is used to obtain the root zone water storage increment based on the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the 40cm and 60cm main root zone soil layers; the infiltration lag judgment unit is used to obtain the infiltration lag time based on the main root zone's initial recovery time and valve opening time; the deep leakage judgment unit is used to generate a deep leakage marker based on the 90cm soil layer's volumetric moisture content recovery amount. This embodiment is still based on the mountain citrus slope orchard zone drip irrigation management scenario in Embodiment 1. This module is used to determine whether irrigation water has actually entered the main absorbing root zone of citrus trees, and to identify problems such as surface moisture but insufficient replenishment of the main root zone, delayed infiltration, and deep leakage.

[0047] S301, the humidity recovery curve extraction unit is in the first Root zone profile sensor groups are deployed within each irrigation management zone. Each sensor group includes integrated soil moisture and temperature sensors at four depths: 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 90cm. The 20cm layer is used to identify surface moisture, the 40cm and 60cm layers are used to identify water replenishment in the main absorbing root zone of citrus trees, and the 90cm layer is used to identify deep seepage.

[0048] S302, based on the first Each irrigation management zone is in Pre-grouting volumetric moisture content of deep soil layers and the stable volumetric moisture content after irrigation Calculate the first Each irrigation management zone is in Volumetric moisture content rise in deep soil layers The formula is:

[0049] In the formula, Indicates the first Each irrigation management zone is in The volumetric moisture content rise of deep soil layers, dimensionless; Indicates the first Each irrigation management zone is in The stable volumetric water content of the deep soil layer after grouting was collected by the corresponding depth sensor. Indicates the first Each irrigation management zone is in The volumetric moisture content of the soil layer before grouting was collected by sensors at the corresponding depth. The soil depth is represented by 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 90cm. The principle of the formula is that the moisture content of the soil layer after irrigation minus the moisture content before irrigation gives the amount of moisture recovery.

[0050] S303, based on the volumetric moisture content recovery of the 40cm and 60cm taproot zone soil layers, and the representative area of ​​the taproot zone. and the representative thickness of each soil layer Calculate the first Root zone water storage increment in each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0051] In the formula, Indicates the first The root zone water storage increment for each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The root zone representative area of ​​each irrigation management zone, in square meters, is determined by the spacing between trees, rows, and the extent of the canopy drip line. This indicates the soil layer cluster in the main root zone of citrus trees, preferably including 40cm and 60cm soil layers; Indicates the first Each irrigation management zone is in The volumetric moisture content increase of deep soil layers; express The representative thickness of the deep soil layer is measured in meters. The formula works by multiplying the area by the soil layer thickness to obtain the soil layer volume, then multiplying by the increase in volumetric water content to obtain the new water volume of the soil layer. The increase in water volume of each main root zone is then summed to obtain the increase in root zone water storage.

[0052] S304, based on the The time when the main root zone of each irrigation management zone begins to recover. Valve opening time Calculate the first Infiltration lag time of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0053] In the formula, Indicates the first Infiltration lag time for each irrigation management zone, in minutes; Indicates the first The time when the humidity in the main root zone of each irrigation management area begins to rise continuously is determined by the sensor curves of the 40cm or 60cm soil layer. Indicates the first The opening time of valves in each irrigation management zone is recorded by the electric valve controller.

[0054] The formula is based on the principle that the time lag of irrigation water reaching the main root zone is obtained by subtracting the valve opening time from the recovery time of the main root zone at the same time scale, with the dimension being minutes.

[0055] S305, based on the volumetric water content recovery at a depth of 90cm and deep leakage determination threshold , generate the first Deep seepage markers for each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0056] In the formula, Indicates the first A deep seepage flag is set for each irrigation management zone. A value of 1 indicates that deep seepage has been triggered, while a value of 0 indicates that deep seepage has not been triggered. Indicates the first Volumetric moisture content increase of 90cm soil layer in each irrigation management zone; This indicates the threshold for determining deep seepage, which is calibrated through local soil profile tests and historical irrigation records.

[0057] The principle behind the formula is that the 90cm soil layer is located below the main root zone of citrus trees. If the moisture content of this layer increases significantly, it indicates that the irrigation water has moved down beyond the main root zone. Therefore, a threshold comparison is used to generate a deep seepage marker.

[0058] S306, when Less than the minimum water replenishment in the root zone and Greater than the infiltration hysteresis threshold At that time, the first One irrigation management zone is marked as a delayed infiltration supplemental irrigation zone; when At that time, the first One irrigation management zone is marked as a deep seepage restricted irrigation zone; when Reaching the minimum water replenishment in the root zone and At that time, the first Each irrigation management zone is marked as a root zone infiltration compliance zone. Examples of root zone infiltration responses are shown in Table 3.

[0059] Table 3: Examples of Root Zone Infiltration Response

[0060] Table 3 corresponds to the root zone infiltration response assessment process in Example 3. Preferably, the infiltration lag threshold is 90 min, and the deep leakage judgment threshold is 0.020. The infiltration lag times of G3 and G4 are both greater than 90 min, and the moisture recovery of the 40 cm and 60 cm soil layers is insufficient, so they are marked as infiltration lag type re-irrigation zones; the moisture recovery of the 90 cm soil layer of G5 and G6 is 0.026 and 0.023 respectively, both greater than the deep leakage judgment threshold of 0.020, so the deep leakage mark is set to 1.

[0061] The technical principle of this embodiment lies in using the changes in pre- and post-irrigation data from multiple depth sensors within the same zone to transform "whether water has reached the root zone" into an increase in root zone water storage, infiltration lag time, and deep leakage indicators. This process avoids the shortcomings of judging irrigation completion solely based on surface humidity or pipe outflow.

[0062] Example 4 This embodiment corresponds to the effective infiltration volume calculation module. The effective infiltration volume calculation module includes a deep seepage volume calculation unit, an effective infiltration volume calculation unit, an effective arrival coefficient calculation unit, and an infiltration verification deviation calculation unit. The deep seepage volume calculation unit is used to obtain the deep seepage volume based on the representative area of ​​the root zone, the volumetric water content rise of the 90cm soil layer, the representative thickness of the deep soil layer, and the deep seepage marker. The effective infiltration volume calculation unit is used to obtain the effective infiltration volume based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, and deep seepage volume. The effective arrival coefficient calculation unit is used to obtain the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water based on the effective infiltration volume, the actual outflow volume, and the runoff compensation volume. The infiltration verification deviation calculation unit is used to obtain the infiltration verification deviation based on the effective infiltration volume and the root zone water storage increase. This embodiment is still based on the zonal drip irrigation management scenario of the mountain citrus slope orchard in Embodiment 1. This module is used to unify the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, and deep seepage volume into a single volume before calculation, obtaining the [number of volumes]. Effective infiltration volume of each irrigation management zone.

[0063] S401, The effective infiltration volume calculation module reads the actual outflow volume from the irrigation execution feedback dataset. Read the slope runoff volume from the slope position runoff and confluence correction module. and confluence compensation water volume Read deep leakage markers from the root zone infiltration response assessment module. and the volumetric moisture content increase of the 90cm soil layer To ensure the dimensionality is reasonable, this module only performs addition and subtraction operations between volume quantities, and does not directly add dimensionless markers, proportions, or exponents to volumes.

[0064] S402, Based on the representative area of ​​the root region Volumetric moisture content increase in 90cm soil layer The thickness of deep soil layers and deep leakage marking Calculate the first Deep seepage volume in each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0065] In the formula, Indicates the first The deep seepage volume of each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The root zone represents the area of ​​each irrigation management zone, in square meters; This represents the volumetric moisture content increase of the 90cm soil layer, dimensionless. Indicates the first The thickness of the deep soil layer in each irrigation management zone is represented in meters. Indicates a deep leakage marker; dimensionless.

[0066] The formula works by multiplying the area by the soil layer thickness to get the volume of the deep soil, multiplying it by the increase in deep soil moisture content to get the new deep water volume, and then controlling whether to include the seepage volume through deep seepage markers.

[0067] S403, based on actual outflow volume Slope runoff volume Confluence compensation water volume and deep leakage volume Calculate the first Effective infiltration volume of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0068] In the formula, Indicates the first Effective infiltration volume of each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The actual water discharge volume of each irrigation management zone during the current irrigation cycle, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The volume of slope runoff in each irrigation management zone during the current irrigation cycle, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The amount of water received by each irrigation management zone as compensation, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The deep seepage volume of each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters.

[0069] The formula works by subtracting the slope loss volume from the actual outflow volume, adding the uphill runoff compensation volume, and then subtracting the deep seepage volume to obtain the effective water volume that can remain within the target soil layer. The maximum value function avoids negative results, and the minimum value function limits the effective infiltration volume to the sum of the actual input water volume and the runoff compensation volume for the current zone. All quantities involved in the addition and subtraction are volumetric and have consistent dimensions.

[0070] S404, based on effective infiltration volume Actual water output volume and confluence compensation water volume Calculate the first Effective reach coefficient of irrigation water in each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0071] In the formula, Indicates the first The effective reach coefficient of irrigation water for each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; This indicates the effective infiltration volume, expressed in cubic meters. This indicates the actual volume of water discharged, in cubic meters. This indicates the amount of water used for compensation during runoff, expressed in cubic meters. This represents the volume stabilizing term to prevent the denominator from being zero, and the unit is cubic meters.

[0072] The formula works by dividing the effective infiltration volume by the total input water volume available to the current zone to obtain the effective arrival ratio. Both the numerator and denominator are volume quantities, and the calculation result is dimensionless.

[0073] S405, based on effective infiltration volume Increased water storage in the root zone Calculate the first Infiltration verification deviation in each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0074] In the formula, Indicates the first Infiltration verification deviation for each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; This indicates the effective infiltration volume, expressed in cubic meters. This indicates the increase in water storage in the root zone, expressed in cubic meters. This indicates the actual volume of water discharged, in cubic meters. This represents the water volume for runoff compensation, expressed in cubic meters. The formula works as follows: the effective infiltration volume comes from water balance calculations, while the root zone water storage increment comes from multi-depth humidity sensors. The difference between the two reflects whether the calculated result matches the measured response in the root zone; dividing this by the total input water volume yields the dimensionless deviation.

[0075] S406, if Less than the first valid arrival threshold Then the first One irrigation management zone is marked as a zone with severely insufficient effective infiltration; if Greater than or equal to the first valid arrival threshold And less than the second valid threshold If so, mark it as a valid infiltration zone to be corrected; Greater than or equal to the second valid arrival threshold If so, it is marked as a zone that has achieved effective infiltration. Greater than the infiltration verification deviation threshold If the above conditions are met, a sensor verification or runoff sampling trough verification prompt will be generated. An example of effective infiltration volume calculation is shown in Table 4.

[0076] Table 4: Example Table for Calculating Effective Infiltration Volume

[0077] Table 4 corresponds to the calculation process of effective infiltration water volume in Example 4. Preferably, the first effective arrival threshold is 0.70, the second effective arrival threshold is 0.85, and the infiltration verification deviation threshold is 0.20. The effective arrival coefficients of irrigation water in G1 and G2 are both lower than the second effective arrival threshold, so they are marked as effective infiltration zones to be corrected; G3, G4, and G7 are all greater than the second effective arrival threshold, so they are marked as effective infiltration zones that meet the standards; although the effective arrival coefficients of G5 and G6 are close to meeting the standards, they are subject to slope toe wetness verification due to the large amount of runoff compensation water and deep seepage volume.

[0078] The technical principle of this embodiment lies in treating irrigation execution, slope runoff, uphill runoff, deep infiltration, and root zone water storage as volumetric quantities, and then making a determination based on the effective arrival coefficient and infiltration verification deviation. This process solves the problem of unclear dimensions caused by mixing dimensionless indices with volumetric quantities.

[0079] Example 5 This embodiment corresponds to an irrigation risk screening module and an irrigation strategy generation module. The irrigation risk screening module includes a water shortage risk calculation unit and an abnormal zone screening unit; the irrigation strategy generation module includes a strategy priority matching unit and an irrigation control command generation unit. The water shortage risk calculation unit is used to obtain an irrigation water shortage risk index based on the crop stage water requirement volume, effective infiltration water volume, and crop stage water sensitivity coefficient; the abnormal zone screening unit is used to generate zone screening marks based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation water volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index; the strategy priority matching unit is used to perform strategy matching in the order of deep seepage restricted irrigation zone, slope toe excessive wet restricted irrigation zone, slope runoff type inefficient irrigation zone, infiltration lag type supplementary irrigation zone, priority supplementary irrigation zone, and effective infiltration standard meeting zone; the irrigation control command generation unit is used to convert the matched irrigation strategy into the percentage of irrigation volume that the valve can execute, the duration of a single irrigation, the number of irrigation sessions, the interval between sessions, and the next round of review time. This embodiment is still based on the zonal drip irrigation management scenario of mountain citrus sloping orchards in Embodiment 1. After the effective infiltration water volume is calculated, this module is used to select water-deficient zones, excessively wet zones, runoff loss zones, infiltration lag zones, and deep seepage zones based on the water requirement volume of citrus growth stages, and output a unique irrigation control strategy.

[0080] S501, the water shortage risk calculation unit reads the first... from the citrus crop management database. Current citrus growth stage in each irrigation management zone Crop coefficient and crop stage water sensitivity coefficient Daily reference evapotranspiration is read from automatic weather stations. and effective rainfall Read the length of the irrigation management cycle from the irrigation management server. Read the effective infiltration volume from the effective infiltration volume calculation module. .

[0081] S502, based on actual planting area Crop coefficient , daily reference evapotranspiration length of irrigation management cycle and effective rainfall Calculate the first Water requirement volume for the crop stage in the current irrigation cycle for each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0082] In the formula, Indicates the first The water requirement volume for the crop stage in the current irrigation cycle for each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters; Indicates the first The actual planted area of ​​each irrigation management zone, in square meters; Indicates the first Crop coefficients for the current citrus growth stage in each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; Indicates the first The daily reference evapotranspiration is calculated from the meteorological station corresponding to each irrigation management zone, in millimeters per day; This indicates the length of the current irrigation management cycle, in days; This represents the effective rainfall during the current irrigation management cycle, expressed in millimeters. The 1000 in the formula converts the millimeter water depth to a meter water depth. The formula works by multiplying the crop coefficient by the reference evapotranspiration and the number of days in the cycle to obtain the crop water consumption depth, then subtracting the effective rainfall depth, and multiplying by the planting area to obtain the required water volume. The water depth, converted to meters by 1000, is then multiplied by the square meterage to obtain the cubic meter volume.

[0083] S503, Water Requirement Based on Crop Stage and effective infiltration volume Calculate the first Water deficit volume of each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0084] In the formula, Indicates the first The water shortage volume of each irrigation management zone, in cubic meters; This indicates the water requirement at each crop stage, expressed in cubic meters. This represents the effective infiltration volume, expressed in cubic meters. The formula works by subtracting the effective infiltration volume from the required water volume to obtain the deficit volume. If the effective infiltration volume already meets the required water volume, the deficit volume is set to 0. All quantities involved in the calculation are volumetric and have consistent dimensions.

[0085] S504, Based on crop stage water sensitivity coefficient Water shortage volume Water requirements during crop stages Calculate the first Irrigation water shortage risk index for each irrigation management zone The formula is:

[0086] In the formula, Indicates the first Irrigation water shortage risk index for each irrigation management zone, dimensionless; Indicates the first The water sensitivity coefficient of the current citrus growth stage in each irrigation management zone is dimensionless and is determined by the citrus crop management database and historical yield response data. This indicates the volume of water shortage, expressed in cubic meters. This indicates the water requirement at each crop stage, expressed in cubic meters. This represents the volume stability term. The formula works by stating that the ratio of the water-deficient volume to the water-demanding volume reflects the proportion of water shortage. This ratio is then multiplied by a crop stage water sensitivity coefficient to reflect the impact of water shortage on yield during sensitive stages such as flowering and fruit setting, and fruit expansion. Since both the volume ratio and the sensitivity coefficient are dimensionless, the result is a dimensionless exponent.

[0087] S505. The abnormal zone screening unit performs zone screening to obtain zone screening markers: When the deep seepage marker of the i-th irrigation management zone is in the triggered state, the i-th irrigation management zone is directly marked as a deep seepage restricted irrigation zone; the deep seepage marker being in the triggered state means that the deep seepage marker value is 1; when the i-th irrigation management zone is located at the toe of the slope, the runoff compensation water volume received by the i-th irrigation management zone is greater than or equal to the preset runoff compensation threshold, and the average result of the average volumetric moisture content of the 40cm soil layer and the average volumetric moisture content of the 60cm soil layer in the i-th irrigation management zone from 12 hours to 24 hours after irrigation is greater than or equal to the preset excessive moisture retention threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an excessive moisture restricted irrigation zone at the toe of the slope; when the slope runoff loss ratio of the i-th irrigation management zone is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an excessive moisture restricted irrigation zone at the toe of the slope; Set a runoff loss threshold. If the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water in the i-th irrigation management zone is less than the second effective arrival threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an inefficient irrigation zone with slope runoff. If the root zone water storage increment of the i-th irrigation management zone is less than the preset minimum replenishment amount in the root zone, and the infiltration lag time of the i-th irrigation management zone is greater than or equal to the preset infiltration lag threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a supplementary irrigation zone with infiltration lag. If the irrigation water shortage risk index of the i-th irrigation management zone is greater than or equal to the second water shortage risk threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a priority supplementary irrigation zone. If none of the above abnormal conditions are met, and the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water in the i-th irrigation management zone is greater than or equal to the second effective arrival threshold, the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an effective infiltration compliance zone.

[0088] In this embodiment, each threshold was obtained by calibration using historical irrigation samples, root zone humidity response samples, and yield response samples from two consecutive irrigation seasons in a mountainous citrus sloping orchard. Preferably, the preset runoff loss threshold is 0.20; the preset runoff compensation threshold is 1.00m. 3 The preset over-humidity threshold is set at a volumetric moisture content of 0.32% in the main root zone; the preset minimum water replenishment amount in the root zone is set at 5.00 m³. 3The preset infiltration lag threshold is set to 90 min; the preset deep leakage judgment threshold is set to 0.020; the first effective arrival threshold is set to 0.70; the second effective arrival threshold is set to 0.85; the infiltration verification deviation threshold is set to 0.20; the first water shortage risk threshold is set to 0.25; and the second water shortage risk threshold is set to 0.45.

[0089] The crop stage water sensitivity coefficients are set according to the citrus growth stages. Preferably, the coefficients are 1.00 for the vegetative growth stage, 1.30 for the flowering and fruit setting stage, 1.50 for the fruit expansion stage, 1.10 for the coloring and ripening stage, and 0.80 for the postharvest recovery stage. The crop coefficients are calibrated based on the citrus crop management database and local evapotranspiration records. Preferably, the coefficients are 0.75 for the vegetative growth stage, 0.85 for the flowering and fruit setting stage, 0.95 for the fruit expansion stage, 0.80 for the coloring and ripening stage, and 0.65 for the postharvest recovery stage.

[0090] S506 The strategy priority matching unit performs strategy matching in the following order: deep seepage restricted irrigation zone, slope toe excessive wet restricted irrigation zone, slope runoff type inefficient irrigation zone, infiltration lag type supplementary irrigation zone, priority supplementary irrigation zone, and effective infiltration standard meeting zone. When the same zone meets multiple conditions at the same time, only the control strategy with the highest priority is output to avoid the same valve receiving both supplementary irrigation and restricted irrigation commands at the same time.

[0091] S507, the strategy priority matching unit generates control content and converts the control content into the percentage of irrigation volume that the valve can execute, the duration of a single irrigation, the number of irrigation sessions, the interval between irrigation sessions, and the time for the next round of review. Specifically, this includes: When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a deep seepage restricted irrigation zone, the system reduces the single irrigation volume of the zone in the next irrigation cycle by 25% to 40%, preferably by 40%; and extends the next irrigation interval from the usual 2 to 3 days to 5 to 7 days, preferably to 7 days.

[0092] When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a slope toe wet restricted irrigation zone, the system reduces the planned irrigation volume of the zone in the next irrigation cycle by 30% to 50%, preferably by 40%; and extends the irrigation interval to 4 to 6 days, preferably to 5 days; at the same time, it reads the volumetric moisture content of the 40cm and 60cm soil layers 12h and 24h after irrigation.

[0093] When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an inefficient irrigation zone for slope runoff, the system does not directly increase the total irrigation volume, but instead splits the originally planned one-time irrigation into 3 to 4 short-term irrigations, preferably into 3; the irrigation volume of each irrigation is 25% to 35% of the original single planned volume, preferably 30%; the interval between two adjacent irrigations is 30 to 45 minutes, preferably 40 minutes; at the same time, the instantaneous outflow intensity is reduced by 20% to 30%, preferably reduced by 25%.

[0094] When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a delayed infiltration type re-irrigation zone, the system will postpone the re-irrigation time by 6 to 12 hours, preferably by 8 hours; the re-irrigation volume will be set to 40% to 60% of the water-deficient volume, preferably 50%; after re-irrigation, the volumetric moisture content of the 40cm and 60cm soil layers will continue to be read.

[0095] When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as a priority supplementary irrigation zone, the system moves the irrigation order of that zone forward to the first 30% of the same pump station control group, and the supplementary irrigation volume is set to 80% to 100% of the water shortage volume, preferably 90%. If the zone also has a slope runoff loss ratio greater than the runoff loss threshold, the supplementary irrigation will still adopt the method of short-term irrigation in stages, with each supplementary irrigation amount not exceeding 35% of the supplementary irrigation volume, and the interval between two adjacent supplementary irrigations is 30 minutes to 45 minutes.

[0096] When the i-th irrigation management zone is marked as an effective infiltration zone, the system maintains the current irrigation plan and does not increase the supplementary irrigation amount. If the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water is greater than the second effective arrival threshold for three consecutive irrigation cycles, the planned irrigation volume for the next irrigation cycle of that zone is allowed to be reduced by 5% to 10%, and the effective infiltration volume, effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water, water-deficient volume, and root zone humidity recovery curve for the current cycle are written into the historical irrigation sample database. An example of irrigation strategy output is shown in Table 5.

[0097] Table 5: Example of Irrigation Strategy Output

[0098] Table 5 corresponds to the irrigation risk screening and strategy output process in Example 5. G1 and G2 are irrigated in stages and short periods because the slope runoff loss ratio is greater than the runoff loss threshold; G5 and G6 are irrigated with limited capacity because deep seepage is marked as 1, and the priority of limited capacity irrigation is higher than that of supplemental irrigation; G7 is an effective infiltration target zone, and the current irrigation plan is maintained.

[0099] The technical principle of this embodiment is to first obtain the water-deficient volume using the water requirement volume and effective infiltration volume of citrus trees at each growth stage, and then combine this with the water sensitivity of the growth stage to obtain the water-deficient risk index. When outputting the strategy, zones unsuitable for supplemental irrigation, such as those with deep seepage and excessively wet slope toes, are first excluded. Then, runoff loss, infiltration lag, and actual water-deficient zones are matched in an orderly manner to avoid erroneous control results such as not supplementing water for uphill areas with water shortages, still irrigating for downhill areas that are too wet, and continuing to add water for deep seepage areas.

[0100] It should be noted that all calculation formulas in this application employ regression analysis, including but not limited to machine learning algorithms, to deeply analyze the collected data and identify its natural trends and interrelationships. Specialized software, such as Python's Scikit-learn library or the R language, is used to automatically generate mathematical models that match the data. Then, cross-validation and other methods are used to objectively evaluate the model performance, and continuous feedback and optimization are combined to ensure that the created formulas truly reflect the inherent laws of the data, thereby guaranteeing their effectiveness and accuracy. In all calculation formulas in this application, dimensionless processing within a consistent range is used to ensure that different physical quantities are compared on the same scale; dimensionless techniques include, but are not limited to, min-max-normalization and Z-score standardization. The algorithm of this invention is implemented as a Python script. Before executing the core logic, the program first executes a data loading module (e.g., using the widely used pandas library in Python) configured to read the aforementioned spreadsheet file and load its contents into the program's working memory (e.g., a DataFrame data structure). Subsequent algorithm steps will directly query and retrieve the necessary configurations from this in-memory data structure.

[0101] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart irrigation management system based on big data analysis, characterized in that, include: The slope irrigation data modeling module is used to collect and register survey data, irrigation network layout data and field sensor deployment data of the slope planting area. It divides the slope into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, slope change location, height difference between adjacent tree rows and confluence path connectivity, and establishes a slope irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. The slope runoff and confluence correction module is used to obtain the slope runoff volume and slope runoff loss ratio based on the water level of the collection channel, the runoff start time, the runoff end time and the actual outflow volume, and to obtain the confluence compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone based on the slope runoff volume and confluence path maintenance coefficient of the upslope zone. The root zone infiltration response assessment module is used to obtain the root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time and deep leakage markers based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of multi-depth soil layers in each irrigation management zone. The effective infiltration volume calculation module is used to obtain the effective infiltration volume, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, and infiltration verification deviation for each irrigation management zone based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, and deep seepage volume. The irrigation risk screening module is used to generate a screening label for each irrigation management zone based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index. The irrigation strategy generation module is used to generate corresponding irrigation control strategies according to the priority of the partition screening marks, and convert the irrigation control strategies into irrigation control instructions that can be executed by the valves.

2. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope irrigation data modeling module includes a data acquisition and registration unit, a slope zoning unit, and an irrigation feature mapping unit. The data acquisition and registration unit is used to collect UAV mapping data, ground verification data, irrigation network layout data and field sensor deployment data of the sloping planting area, and to unify the UAV mapping data, ground verification data, irrigation network layout data and field sensor deployment data into the same sloping planting area plane coordinate system; The slope zoning unit is used to divide the slope planting area into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, the location of slope change, the height difference between adjacent tree rows, and the connection relationship of the confluence path; The irrigation feature mapping unit is used to establish a slope topography dataset, a slope runoff response dataset, a soil infiltration capacity dataset, a root zone humidity recovery dataset, and an irrigation execution feedback dataset for each irrigation management zone.

3. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slope topography dataset includes management zone number, upper surface elevation, lower surface elevation, slope projection distance, slope angle, slope type, actual planting area, area of ​​upslope contribution area, upslope contribution area ratio, confluence path length, confluence path connectivity marker, and slope flow obstruction structure marker. The slope runoff response dataset includes irrigation start time, runoff start time, runoff end time, collection channel water level, instantaneous slope runoff flow rate, and slope runoff volume; The soil infiltration capacity dataset includes stable infiltration rate, surface crust markers, and infiltration capacity status. The root zone moisture recovery dataset includes the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content, post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content, volumetric moisture recovery amount, root zone water storage increment, main root zone recovery start time, infiltration lag time, and deep seepage markers for soil layers of 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 90cm. The irrigation execution feedback dataset includes planned irrigation volume, actual water output volume, valve opening time, valve closing time, valve opening duration, and irrigation execution deviation volume.

4. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope runoff and confluence correction module includes a slope runoff loss calculation unit, a confluence compensation calculation unit, and a runoff confluence marking unit; The slope runoff loss calculation unit is used to obtain the instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff based on the water level of the collection channel, the water level at the start of flow in the collection channel, the flow rate calibration coefficient of the collection channel, and the water level index of the collection channel; to obtain the slope runoff volume based on the instantaneous flow rate of slope runoff, the runoff start time, and the runoff end time; and to obtain the slope runoff loss ratio based on the slope runoff volume and the actual outflow volume. The runoff compensation calculation unit is used to read the set of upslope zones that can deliver slope runoff to the current irrigation management zone, and obtain the runoff compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone based on the slope runoff volume of the upslope zone and the runoff path retention coefficient from the upslope zone to the current irrigation management zone. The runoff confluence marking unit is used to mark the corresponding irrigation management zone as a slope runoff loss zone when the slope runoff loss ratio is greater than or equal to a preset runoff loss threshold; to mark the corresponding irrigation management zone as a confluence compensation zone when the confluence compensation water volume is greater than or equal to a preset confluence compensation threshold; and to mark the corresponding irrigation management zone as a slope toe over-wet verification zone when the irrigation management zone is located at the slope toe and the confluence compensation water volume is greater than or equal to a preset confluence compensation threshold.

5. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root zone infiltration response assessment module includes a humidity recovery curve extraction unit, a root zone water storage increment calculation unit, an infiltration lag judgment unit, a deep leakage judgment unit, and a root zone infiltration marking unit. The humidity recovery curve extraction unit is used to read the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of the 20cm, 40cm, 60cm and 90cm soil layers in each irrigation management zone, and obtain the corresponding volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the soil layer. The root zone water storage increment calculation unit is used to obtain the root zone water storage increment based on the volumetric water content increase of the 40cm and 60cm main root zone soil layers, the representative area of ​​the root zone, and the representative thickness of the soil layer. The infiltration lag determination unit is used to obtain the infiltration lag time based on the start time of the main root zone recovery and the valve opening time. The deep seepage judgment unit is used to generate a deep seepage mark based on the volumetric water content increase of the 90cm soil layer and a preset deep seepage judgment threshold. The root zone infiltration marking unit is used to generate infiltration lag type supplementary irrigation zone marking, deep leakage limited irrigation zone marking, or root zone infiltration standard zoning marking based on root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and deep leakage marking.

6. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective infiltration volume calculation module includes a deep leakage volume calculation unit, an effective infiltration volume calculation unit, an effective arrival coefficient calculation unit, an infiltration verification deviation calculation unit, and an effective infiltration zone marking unit. The deep seepage volume calculation unit is used to read the deep seepage marker and the volumetric water content rise of the 90cm soil layer, and obtain the deep seepage volume based on the representative area of ​​the root zone, the volumetric water content rise of the 90cm soil layer, the representative thickness of the deep soil layer and the deep seepage marker. The effective infiltration volume calculation unit is used to obtain the effective infiltration volume based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, confluence compensation volume and deep leakage volume. The effective arrival coefficient calculation unit is used to obtain the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water based on the effective infiltration volume, the actual outflow volume, and the confluence compensation volume. The infiltration verification deviation calculation unit is used to obtain the infiltration verification deviation based on the effective infiltration volume and the root zone water storage increment. The effective infiltration zone marking unit is used to generate zones with severely insufficient effective infiltration, zones with effective infiltration needing correction, zones with effective infiltration meeting standards, or verification prompts based on the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water and the infiltration verification deviation.

7. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation risk screening module includes a water shortage risk calculation unit and an abnormal zone screening unit; The water shortage risk calculation unit is used to obtain the water requirement volume of the crop stage based on the actual planting area, crop coefficient, daily reference evapotranspiration, irrigation management cycle length and effective rainfall, obtain the water shortage volume based on the water requirement volume of the crop stage and the effective infiltration volume, and obtain the irrigation water shortage risk index based on the crop stage water sensitivity coefficient, water shortage volume and crop stage water requirement volume. The abnormal zoning screening unit is used to mark the corresponding irrigation management zone as a deep seepage restricted irrigation zone when the deep seepage marker is in a triggered state; when the irrigation management zone is located at the toe of the slope, the received runoff compensation water volume is greater than or equal to the preset runoff compensation threshold, and the average result of the average volumetric moisture content of the 40cm soil layer and the average volumetric moisture content of the 60cm soil layer within 12 hours to 24 hours after irrigation is greater than or equal to the preset excessive moisture retention threshold, the corresponding irrigation management zone is marked as a slope toe excessive moisture restricted irrigation zone; when the slope runoff loss ratio is greater than or equal to the preset runoff loss threshold, and the irrigation water effectively reaches the target area... When the coefficient is less than the second effective arrival threshold, the corresponding irrigation management zone is marked as an inefficient irrigation zone for slope runoff; when the root zone water storage increment is less than the preset minimum water replenishment amount for the root zone and the infiltration lag time is greater than or equal to the preset infiltration lag threshold, the corresponding irrigation management zone is marked as a supplementary irrigation zone for infiltration lag; when the irrigation water shortage risk index is greater than or equal to the second water shortage risk threshold, the corresponding irrigation management zone is marked as a priority supplementary irrigation zone; when none of the abnormal conditions are met and the effective arrival coefficient of irrigation water is greater than or equal to the second effective arrival threshold, the corresponding irrigation management zone is marked as an effective infiltration compliance zone.

8. The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation strategy generation module includes a strategy priority matching unit and an irrigation control instruction generation unit; The strategy priority matching unit is used to perform strategy matching in the order of deep seepage restricted irrigation zone marker, slope toe excessive wet restricted irrigation zone marker, slope runoff type inefficient irrigation zone marker, infiltration lag type supplementary irrigation zone marker, priority supplementary irrigation zone marker, and effective infiltration standard meeting zone marker. When multiple zone screening conditions are met in the same irrigation management zone, only the irrigation control strategy with the highest priority is output. The irrigation control command generation unit is used to convert the matched irrigation control strategy into the percentage of irrigation volume that the valve can execute, the duration of a single irrigation, the number of irrigation sessions, the interval between irrigation sessions, and the time for the next round of review.

9. A smart irrigation management method based on big data analysis, characterized in that, The intelligent irrigation management system based on big data analysis, as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Collect survey data, irrigation network layout data, valve control data, field sensor deployment data, and planting boundary data of the sloping planting area. Unify the collected data into the same sloping planting area plane coordinate system. Divide the sloping planting area into several irrigation management zones according to the valve control range, slope change location, adjacent tree row height difference, and confluence path connectivity. Establish a sloping irrigation feature dataset for each irrigation management zone. Step 2: Based on the water level of the collection channel, the runoff start time, the runoff end time and the actual outflow volume of each irrigation management zone, obtain the slope runoff volume and the slope runoff loss ratio. Based on the slope runoff volume of the upslope zone and the runoff path retention coefficient from the upslope zone to the current irrigation management zone, obtain the runoff compensation water volume received by the current irrigation management zone. Step 3: Based on the pre-irrigation volumetric moisture content and post-irrigation stable volumetric moisture content of soil layers at multiple depths within each irrigation management zone, obtain the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the corresponding soil layers, and obtain the root zone water storage increment based on the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the 40 cm and 60 cm main root zone soil layers. Obtain the infiltration lag time based on the start time of the main root zone recovery and the valve opening time. Generate deep seepage markers based on the volumetric moisture content recovery amount of the 90 cm soil layer. Step 4: Based on the actual outflow volume, slope runoff volume, runoff compensation volume, 90 cm soil layer volume moisture content recovery, and deep seepage markers, obtain the deep seepage volume, effective infiltration volume, irrigation water effective arrival coefficient, and infiltration verification deviation. Based on the crop stage water requirement volume, effective infiltration volume, and crop stage water sensitivity coefficient, obtain the water shortage volume and irrigation water shortage risk index. Step 5: Based on deep seepage markers, runoff compensation volume, slope runoff loss ratio, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, root zone water storage increment, infiltration lag time, and irrigation water shortage risk index, generate a partition screening marker for each irrigation management zone, and generate corresponding irrigation control strategies according to the priority of the partition screening markers, and send the irrigation control strategies to the valve controller for execution.

10. The intelligent irrigation management method based on big data analysis according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step five, the corresponding irrigation control strategy is generated according to the priority of the partition screening markers, including: When the zoning screening mark is a deep seepage restricted irrigation zone mark, the single irrigation volume of the next irrigation cycle is reduced and the interval between the next irrigation cycles is extended. When the zoning screening mark is the slope toe excessive wet zoning restriction mark, the planned irrigation volume for the next irrigation cycle is reduced, the irrigation interval is extended, and the volumetric moisture content of the 40cm and 60cm soil layers is read after irrigation; When the zoning screening mark is the slope runoff type inefficient irrigation zoning mark, the original one-time irrigation is split into multiple short-time irrigations to reduce the instantaneous water output intensity and set the interval time between two adjacent irrigations. When the zoning screening mark is the infiltration lag type re-irrigation zoning mark, the re-irrigation time is delayed, the re-irrigation volume is set according to the preset re-irrigation ratio and water shortage volume, and the volume moisture content of the 40cm and 60cm soil layers is read after re-irrigation; When the zoning screening mark is the priority re-irrigation zoning mark, the rotation irrigation order of the corresponding irrigation management zoning will be moved forward, and the re-irrigation volume will be set according to the water shortage volume; When a zone is marked as an effective infiltration zone, the current irrigation plan is maintained, and the effective infiltration volume, effective irrigation water arrival coefficient, water shortage volume, and root zone humidity recovery curve of the current irrigation cycle are written into the historical irrigation sample database through the historical sample update unit.

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