Freight vehicle transportation process visual management system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of intelligent logistics transportation management technology, and discloses a visual management system for the transportation process of freight vehicles, including a barcode scanner, a label printer, an inbound / outbound management system, a leasing system, a positioning system, an alarm system, and positioning devices. The positioning devices are installed on freight vehicles and monitor vehicle information. Each positioning device has a barcode and a QR code. An organizational account structure is constructed for manufacturers, carriers, drivers, and the system platform. Manufacturers create several carrier accounts, and carriers use these accounts to pay deposits and apply for several positioning devices. Drivers lease positioning devices using the leasing system. This invention innovatively uses a positioning device leasing model in the freight industry. The system is free to use, and the equipment is flexibly leased, greatly reducing the cost and difficulty of managing the freight vehicle transportation process, and can comprehensively cover both frequently used and temporary vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent logistics transportation management technology, specifically to a visual management system for the transportation process of freight vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Smart logistics transportation utilizes technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence to achieve intelligent scheduling and automated management of the transportation process. This can effectively optimize transportation routes, reduce vehicle empty-running rates, reduce logistics costs, and improve delivery efficiency. At the same time, it strengthens transportation safety supervision and the ability to trace the origin of goods throughout the entire process. This is of great significance for promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the logistics industry, achieving green and low-carbon development, and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the supply chain.

[0003] The following problems exist in current smart logistics transportation: 1. Management lag: Uncontrolled black box operation in transit; after goods are dispatched, location, timeliness, and status are entirely dependent on driver feedback, leaving companies with no control over "where the goods are going, when they were dispatched, and when they arrived"; hidden losses from cargo substitution; high-value goods (coal, alumina, etc.) are swapped or adulterated, and by the time the problem is exposed, the damage is already a fact, making it difficult to trace evidence; chain reactions of losses; not only bearing direct cargo damage, but also triggering multiple risks such as production interruption, equipment damage, and customer claims.

[0004] 2. Fragmented Management Platforms: Multiple systems are cumbersome to operate, requiring integration with multiple carriers. Each carrier provides its own platform, account, and password, necessitating administrators to repeatedly switch between systems to check cargo and remember multiple permission sets, resulting in significant time and manpower consumption. Carrier data is unreliable; carrier systems allow for manipulation, selectively hiding abnormal routes (such as mid-journey stops or detours), delaying data updates, and even tampering with transport records, making it difficult for businesses to verify authenticity. Vehicle coverage is incomplete; carrier systems only display their own core vehicles, leaving many outsourced and temporary vehicles unrecorded, creating regulatory gaps. Account recovery lacks traceability; after cooperation terminates, carriers reclaim system accounts, preventing businesses from accessing historical transport data and leaving no basis for investigation in case of subsequent cargo damage disputes.

[0005] 3. Incomplete vehicle coverage: There is a high-risk vacuum in temporary transportation capacity. More than 60% of industrial transportation relies on temporary social vehicles. Without supervision, it is easy for goods to be stolen, swapped, or lost, and there is no way to trace the problem. There are also two obstacles to the promotion of equipment. Traditional equipment costs 1,500-3,000 yuan per unit per year, which is costly and drivers are resistant to it, making it difficult to cover temporary vehicles. There is a lack of hierarchical management and differentiated regulatory rules. High-risk temporary vehicles are not monitored in a key manner, and there is no early warning or basis for handling anomalies.

[0006] 4. High cost of building a unified system: The cost of building a system is bottomless. The initial development cost (millions) + annual maintenance cost (hundreds of thousands) + the salary of operation and maintenance personnel are difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to bear. Drivers are strongly resistant to purchasing equipment. The cost of equipment + annual fee is equivalent to the profit of 1-2 short-distance freight trips. 81% of drivers refuse to purchase their own equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve at least one of the problems in the prior art and to provide a visual management system for the transportation process of freight vehicles.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A visual management system for the transportation process of freight vehicles includes a barcode scanner, a label printer, an inbound and outbound management system, a rental system, a positioning system, an alarm system, and positioning equipment. The positioning device is installed on the freight vehicle and monitors the freight vehicle information on board; the positioning device has a barcode and a QR code; the barcode scanner scans the barcode for entry and exit from the warehouse, the label printer generates a unique QR code, and the entry and exit management system is used for the entry registration and information management of the positioning device; Construct an organizational account structure involving manufacturers, carriers, drivers, and the system platform; manufacturers create several carrier accounts, carriers use these accounts to pay deposits and apply for several positioning devices; drivers use the leasing system to rent positioning devices. The positioning system receives freight vehicle information collected by the positioning device, and the alarm system issues an alarm based on the information transmitted by the positioning system.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a mobile terminal mini-program. The rental of the positioning device is completed by scanning a QR code and entering the license plate number through the mobile terminal mini-program to bind the positioning device and the vehicle. The driver logs in and pays the rental fee by scanning the code through the mobile terminal mini-program. After successful payment, the upload channel and validity period of the positioning data are activated.

[0010] Furthermore, the mobile terminal applet is used for scanning QR codes to log in, bind, pay, monitor and view, and return the location device; for the return of the location device by mail, the driver initiates a return application by scanning a QR code and uploads the mailing slip through the mobile terminal applet; after the device is returned, the binding is removed and the health status of the location device is recorded.

[0011] Furthermore, the positioning system acquires and stores the location data of the positioning device in real time through BeiDou or GPS; the system platform generates a trajectory sharing link with an expiration date, replays historical trajectories, and retains historical trajectory data for traceability.

[0012] Furthermore, the alarm content of the alarm system includes: offline alarm for positioning device; low battery alarm for positioning device; overspeed alarm; restricted area alarm; work area alarm and route deviation alarm.

[0013] Furthermore, the route deviation alarm includes selecting a trajectory over a certain period of time as the vehicle's standard trajectory. During the current rental period of the device, if the vehicle travels on that route again, a comparison will be made. If the vehicle's route has changed, a route deviation alarm will be triggered.

[0014] Furthermore, the route deviation alarm includes: Deviation Judgment Model: Construct a five-dimensional judgment model based on spatial distance deviation, heading angle deviation, trajectory curvature deviation, temporal driving deviation, and road network compliance deviation, and use a weighted fusion algorithm to calculate the comprehensive deviation degree for refined judgment; Alarm correction logic: Construct a four-fold false alarm filtering system consisting of time-series steady-state verification, road network topology verification, behavioral logic verification, and multi-level delay filtering to eliminate invalid alarms.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning device is an OBD positioning device connected to the OBD interface of the freight vehicle or a strong magnetic adsorption positioning device adsorbed on the freight vehicle.

[0016] Furthermore, the positioning device is equipped with a micro switch on the side facing the freight vehicle, and the positioning device includes a sealed housing, within which a gas pressure sensor is installed; during transportation, when the positioning device is removed, the micro switch sends a signal and triggers an alarm through the alarm system; when the positioning device is damaged, the gas pressure sensor sends a signal and triggers an alarm through the alarm system.

[0017] Furthermore, a high-pressure gas cylinder is provided inside the sealed housing. The output end of the high-pressure gas cylinder is provided with a one-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, and a micro-pressure regulating valve in sequence. The sealed housing is set to a positive pressure environment, and the high-pressure gas cylinder outputs inert gas to compensate for gas leakage in the sealed housing.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Unified Management: This invention manages the location of all vehicles through a system platform, including both frequently used and temporary vehicles; it provides high-precision positioning services, enables real-time monitoring, and supports historical trajectory playback, allowing managers to keep track of vehicle location, speed, and driving status at any time. Cost reduction: The positioning equipment reduces the overall management cost of the upstream and downstream of the supply chain through the leasing model. Manufacturing enterprises do not need to spend a lot of money to purchase equipment and build their own systems. Carriers and drivers can lease equipment when they have transportation tasks and return the equipment when there is no transportation demand, realizing on-demand leasing and improving the utilization rate of equipment. Automatic alarm: Based on real-time location data, historical data, and basic business data, and according to the stored data and actual user needs, the system sets up multiple alarm mechanisms such as overspeed alarm, boundary crossing alarm, power failure alarm, and emergency alarm. When the vehicle experiences abnormalities (such as illegal movement, malfunction, or dangerous situations), it can send alarms in a timely manner, effectively realizing feedback of abnormal situations. Dual anti-tamper features: The microswitch detects the location of the positioning device and alarms immediately when the device is removed; a gas pressure sensor monitors the internal gas pressure of the positioning device, and triggers an alarm when a leak occurs (due to damage), addressing the risk immediately. Safe and long-lasting: The positioning device is equipped with a slightly positive pressure environment, which can be used for vandal protection in most areas; it makes up for the defect of air leakage in the positioning device after long-term use. In the case of unavoidable minor air leakage, the gas can be replenished by high-pressure gas cylinders to maintain the gas pressure in the positioning device within the normal range and prevent alarms from being triggered, thus greatly extending the maintenance cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the OBD positioning device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the strong magnetic adsorption positioning device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-tamper monitoring structure of the positioning device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a system platform connection diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the barcode scanner of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time positioning interface of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory playback interface of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle list interface of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the login selection interface of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the login interface of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle binding interface for equipment leasing according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment rental payment interface of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment rental completion interface of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the freight completion interface of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the device return interface of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Microswitch; 2. Gas pressure sensor; 3. Main housing; 4. Outer cover; 5. Bolt; 6. Sealing gasket; 7. High-pressure gas cylinder; 8. One-way valve; 9. Pressure reducing valve; 10. Micro-pressure regulating valve; 11. Gas cylinder pressure sensor; 12. Camera. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention; that is, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0037] Specific embodiments of the freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system provided by this invention: Please refer to the attached document. Figures 1-16 The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system includes a hardware equipment layer and a system platform software, realizing closed-loop management of the entire process from equipment entry and exit, leasing binding, in-transit monitoring, abnormal alarms to equipment return.

[0038] The system hardware includes barcode scanners, label printers, positioning devices, and mobile terminals. The barcode scanners are used to scan the barcodes on the positioning devices to read information related to device entry / exit, issuance, and return. The label printers generate a unique QR code for each positioning device and affix it to the device.

[0039] The positioning device is the core sensing unit, and it comes in two types: OBD interface type and strong magnetic adsorption type, adaptable to different vehicle models and installation scenarios. The OBD positioning device plugs directly into the OBD interface of commonly used freight vehicles, providing stable power, easy installation, and requiring no additional wiring. It is suitable for light and medium-sized freight vehicles with standard OBD interfaces. The device has a built-in Beidou or GPS positioning module, uploading location, speed, and driving status data in real time. The vehicle's OBD port is constantly powered, with no battery life limit, and maintains low-power online operation even when the vehicle is off; it automatically enters low-power positioning mode after 30 minutes of parking, extending the reporting interval.

[0040] The strong magnetic adsorption positioning device features a high-strength magnet at its bottom, allowing it to be directly attached to concealed locations such as truck bodies and frames. Installation is flexible and tool-free, making it suitable for outsourced temporary vehicles, construction trucks, and similar scenarios. The device has a built-in high-capacity battery and connects to a charging interface, supporting long-duration independent operation and automatically triggering an alarm when the battery is low.

[0041] The positioning device includes a sealed housing, which is composed of a main housing 3 and an outer cover 4 connected by several bolts 5. The heads of the bolts 5 are located on the side of the device facing and fitting against the freight vehicle, and are submerged in a recess to prevent direct external disassembly. A sealing gasket 6 is provided at the contact surface between the outer cover 4 and the main housing 3 to ensure the sealing performance of the housing.

[0042] Microswitch 1 is located on the side of the positioning device facing the vehicle. When the device is installed normally, microswitch 1 is in a closed state (not protruding) due to pressure from the vehicle surface. When the device is illegally removed, microswitch 1 is disconnected (protruding from the side of the positioning device) and immediately sends a signal to the alarm system, triggering the tampering alarm.

[0043] Gas pressure sensor 2 is installed inside the sealed housing to monitor the gas pressure inside the housing in real time. When the housing is damaged, cut, or pried open, causing the seal to fail and gas to leak, the gas pressure drops rapidly, triggering a damage alarm on gas pressure sensor 2.

[0044] Complete sealing is not feasible. A high-pressure gas cylinder 7 is housed within the sealed housing. This cylinder is a seamless miniature aluminum alloy cylinder. The output pipe of the high-pressure gas cylinder 7 is sequentially connected to a one-way valve 8, a pressure reducing valve 9, and a micro-pressure regulating valve 10. The high-pressure gas cylinder 7 is filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen, continuously supplying gas to the sealed housing. This maintains a consistently slightly positive pressure environment within the housing, effectively preventing the entry of moisture and dust, and avoiding false alarms due to minor natural leaks. This internal slightly positive pressure ensures that the freight vehicle is unaffected by altitude, maintaining stable internal pressure within the positioning equipment and preventing false alarms.

[0045] One-way valve 8 prevents gas backflow, and pressure reducing valve 9 works in conjunction with micro-pressure regulating valve 10 to stabilize the output pressure within a safe threshold, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. Gas cylinder pressure sensor 11 is installed inside high-pressure gas cylinder 7 to monitor the remaining pressure of the gas cylinder in real time. When the pressure is insufficient, it sends a maintenance reminder to the system platform to facilitate regular replacement of the gas cylinder.

[0046] Camera 12 is located on the outside of the positioning device and can collect partial images and video information of freight vehicles, which are then uploaded to the system platform to further enrich the dimensions of visual monitoring and support on-site evidence collection for abnormal events. It does not collect in-vehicle audio, facial recognition, or other private information, prioritizing the capture of images of the cargo.

[0047] Camera 12 prioritizes non-real-time continuous transmission, initiating transmission only when an alarm event is triggered or manual capture is performed. Under normal circumstances, the transmission channel is shut down to reduce power consumption and bandwidth usage. Transmission is triggered in the following scenarios: device tampering alarm, casing damage alarm; route deviation, electronic fence intrusion, overspeed alarm; and final evidence collection before the device goes offline due to low battery. The positioning device has a built-in 4G / NB-IoT wireless communication module, sharing the communication channel with positioning data without requiring additional hardware. NB-IoT is prioritized for image transmission due to its low bandwidth consumption, low power consumption, and wide coverage; 4G is prioritized for video transmission.

[0048] The system platform software includes an inventory management system, a leasing system, a positioning system, an alarm system, and a mobile terminal app. These modules are interconnected through data interfaces to form a unified management platform.

[0049] The inbound / outbound management system completes the registration, information entry, inventory statistics, and issuance / return records for the location-based devices. The barcode scanner automatically associates the device ID with the device ID, and the label printer simultaneously generates a unique identification code (QR code), enabling full-process traceability of the devices.

[0050] The rental system includes functions such as equipment rental, fee calculation, deposit management, rental period control, and return approval. It supports multiple rental periods, including one month, three months, six months, nine months, and twelve months, and automatically calculates rental fees.

[0051] The positioning system uses BeiDou or GPS, receiving real-time data such as latitude, longitude, speed, time, and status from positioning devices and storing it in the platform database. It supports historical trajectory storage, playback, and export, generating trajectory sharing links with validity periods (e.g., seven days) for easy viewing by manufacturers, carriers, and drivers. Positioning data is encrypted and stored for at least three years, meeting the requirements for evidence collection in cargo damage disputes.

[0052] The alarm system uses location data and device status data to achieve multi-dimensional intelligent alarms. Alarm types include offline alarm for location devices, low battery alarm for location devices, vehicle speeding alarm, electronic fence entry / exit alarm, route deviation alarm, device tampering alarm, and damage alarm.

[0053] When a route deviation alarm is triggered, the vehicle's historical compliant driving trajectory is selected as the standard trajectory. Real-time trajectory data is preprocessed to construct a five-dimensional judgment model encompassing spatial distance deviation, heading angle deviation, trajectory curvature deviation, temporal driving deviation, and road network compliance deviation. A weighted fusion algorithm is used to calculate the comprehensive deviation degree, achieving refined judgment. A four-tiered false alarm filtering system—combining temporal steady-state verification, road network topology verification, behavioral logic verification, and multi-level delay filtering—is constructed to completely eliminate invalid alarms and improve alarm accuracy.

[0054] The mobile app provides drivers, carriers, and manufacturers with a lightweight interface for operation, enabling functions such as QR code login, vehicle binding, payment, real-time monitoring, route playback, equipment return, and renewal management. Drivers log in and pay rental fees via the app by scanning a QR code. After successful payment, the system activates the location data upload channel and the validity period of the service.

[0055] A hierarchical account structure is established for manufacturers, carriers, drivers, and the system platform, with hierarchical permissions, data isolation, and collaboration. The system platform has the highest management authority and is responsible for system operation and maintenance, equipment management, account verification, data supervision, and deposit guarantee management. Manufacturers create and manage their subordinate carrier accounts, view the real-time location, trajectory, and alarm information of all bound vehicles, and coordinate transportation supervision.

[0056] Carriers use accounts assigned by the manufacturers to pay equipment deposits, apply for GPS tracking devices in bulk from the system platform, manage their drivers and vehicles, and view the transportation data of the vehicles they are responsible for. Drivers rent equipment, bind their vehicles, pay fees, view their vehicle's trajectory and alarm information, and complete the equipment return process through a mini-program.

[0057] Manufacturing enterprises log in to the system platform to create and assign carrier accounts, enabling hierarchical and layered organizational management. Carriers log in to their accounts, pay a deposit, and submit applications for positioning equipment. After the system platform approves the application, it delivers the goods to the carrier, who then distributes the equipment to the driver or vehicle.

[0058] For commonly used vehicles, OBD positioning devices are plugged in and installed. For temporary or outsourced vehicles, strong magnetic adsorption positioning devices are used for quick installation. Management personnel scan a QR code and enter the license plate number to complete the logical binding between the device and the vehicle.

[0059] Drivers scan a QR code to log in, select the rental period, and pay the rental fee and deposit. After successful payment, the system activates the location data upload channel and sets the validity period.

[0060] The positioning system collects vehicle location, speed, and status data in real time, allowing managers to view real-time positioning and historical trajectory playback through the platform. The system generates trajectory sharing links with expiration dates, supporting collaborative viewing and tracing by multiple parties.

[0061] See appendix Figure 5 The system uses a barcode scanner to scan the device's barcode for inbound and outbound operations. After entry, a label printer is connected to print the device's QR code, which is then affixed to the positioning device. After the positioning device is rented, its relationship with the vehicle is bound, and user and rental information are recorded. At this point, the device information is sent to the positioning system to begin positioning. The positioning system acquires and stores the device's location data in real time and controls the range of vehicles that can be viewed based on permissions. Based on the vehicle's historical trajectory data and the standard route data set by the user, the system monitors the vehicle's operation in real time and triggers corresponding alarms for abnormal situations.

[0062] The system provides real-time multi-dimensional automatic alarms, including equipment offline alarm, low battery alarm, overspeed alarm, restricted area intrusion alarm, work area boundary crossing alarm, route deviation alarm, equipment dismantling alarm, and casing damage alarm.

[0063] Device Offline Alarm: If a device fails to report its location within a certain time (e.g., five minutes), the system platform will trigger an offline alarm. Low Battery Alarm: When the device's battery level falls below a certain threshold (e.g., 15%), the system platform will trigger a low battery alarm. Overspeed Alarm: When the vehicle's speed exceeds a certain threshold, the system platform will trigger an overspeed alarm: 120 km / h on highways, 80 km / h on national roads, and 30 km / h in factory / industrial parks. Restricted Area Alarm: The system compares the vehicle's location with the geographical boundaries of "restricted areas" and "work areas" in real time. When a vehicle enters a restricted area, the system platform compares the vehicle's location with the restricted area's electronic fence on the map, triggering an alarm indicating the vehicle has entered the restricted area. Work Area Alarm: When a vehicle leaves the work area within the specified working time, the system platform compares the vehicle's location with the work area's electronic fence on the map, triggering an alarm indicating the vehicle has left the work area.

[0064] This embodiment provides a method for calculating vehicle route deviation; I. Overall Algorithm Architecture; This algorithm addresses the shortcomings of traditional route deviation alarms, such as single-point distance judgment, high false alarm rate, poor adaptability, and simplistic judgment logic, through comprehensive and in-depth optimization. The overall architecture employs a seven-layer closed-loop calculation structure: refined trajectory modeling → multi-factor fusion for initial deviation judgment → spatiotemporal dimension verification → road network topology compliance verification → dynamic threshold adaptive correction → multi-level false alarm filtering → deviation level quantification output. The core of the algorithm abandons the single vertical distance determination method and integrates six core dimensions: spatial position deviation, heading angle temporal consistency, driving speed characteristics, road network topology, trajectory continuity, and time window steady-state characteristics. It achieves accurate deviation determination under complex road conditions (curves, ramps, parallel auxiliary roads, signal drift, low speed idling), supports custom accuracy levels, adaptive environmental thresholds, and multi-level alarm strategies, and completely solves the problems of false alarms, missed alarms, and judgment lag in traditional algorithms.

[0065] II. High-precision modeling of standard trajectories; Traditional algorithms only store discrete trajectory points, lacking trajectory fitting and segmented attributes, leading to distorted judgments of curves and road changes. This solution employs a standard trajectory modeling approach combining temporal interpolation, segmented fitting, and attribute labeling to construct a high-precision baseline trajectory library. Historical compliant driving trajectories (valid trajectories within a specified time period, without deviation, and indicating normal driving) are selected as raw samples and subjected to dirty data cleaning: GPS drift points, idling stationary points, signal gaps, and low-speed abnormal fluctuation points are removed. Cleaning rules: 1. Speed ​​verification: Abnormal points with instantaneous speed < 0 km / h and no stopping record, or instantaneous speed > 120 km / h (customizable threshold) are removed; 2. Displacement verification: Points with abrupt displacement changes between adjacent points or displacements far exceeding normal driving thresholds are removed; 3. Temporal verification: Time gaps are filled in, and invalid points with duplicate or inverted timestamps are removed. The cleaned standard trajectory is segmented and automatically categorized into straight sections, curved sections, ramp sections, and intersection sections. A cubic spline interpolation algorithm is used for trajectory smoothing to eliminate the jagged fluctuations of the original GPS trajectory, generating a continuous and smooth baseline trajectory curve function: S(x,y,t). The fitted standard trajectory is then divided into several equidistant trajectory micro-segments, each with a default length of 50m (custom lengths of 50-200m are supported). Each micro-segment is bound to unique attribute parameters to build a structured standard trajectory library. The attribute set of a single micro-segment includes: spatial attributes: micro-segment start and end latitude and longitude, center coordinates, road segment curvature, road segment azimuth, and road segment width; temporal attributes: standard driving time and standard speed range for the road segment; and road network attributes: corresponding road grade, number of lanes, legal driving direction, and adjacent road network topology.

[0066] III. Real-time trajectory data preprocessing; The real-time trajectory data reported by the equipment suffers from high-frequency noise, signal drift, and sparse point data. Preprocessing is necessary before deviation comparison can be performed to ensure calculation accuracy. Preprocessing includes the following core steps: For data completion and noise reduction, time-series linear interpolation is used to complete missing points and unify the trajectory sampling frequency for points with unstable reporting frequencies. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to denoise the real-time latitude, longitude, speed and heading angle data, filter out high-frequency random noise, and output smoothed real-time trajectory status values. The trajectory spatiotemporal alignment uses vehicle mileage and driving time as two-dimensional benchmarks to dynamically align the real-time driving trajectory with the standard trajectory, accurately matching the standard trajectory micro-segments corresponding to the real-time points, avoiding misalignment judgment problems caused by fixed point comparison; Real-time status parameter extraction: Extract core real-time driving parameters point by point and construct a real-time status dataset: real-time latitude and longitude coordinates P(x_i,y_i), real-time driving speed V_i, real-time heading angle θ_i, real-time point acceleration, displacement of adjacent points, and rate of change of driving orientation.

[0067] IV. Multi-dimensional fusion deviation judgment core algorithm; Abandoning the traditional single vertical distance judgment, a five-dimensional judgment model is constructed, which includes spatial distance deviation, heading angle deviation, trajectory curvature deviation, temporal driving deviation, and road network compliance deviation. The comprehensive deviation degree is calculated through a weighted fusion algorithm to achieve refined judgment. (1) Precise calculation of vertical distance in space, To optimize the shortcomings of traditional single-point vertical projection calculation, for the fitted continuous standard trajectory curve, the shortest vertical projection distance d from the real-time point to the corresponding standard trajectory micro-segment is calculated instead of the single-point line segment distance. The formula is as follows: In the formula: Real-time location coordinates; The coordinates of the points on the fitted curve of the standard trajectory microsegment; These are the differential parameters of the trajectory curve; this calculation method can be adapted to curves and arc-shaped road sections, solving the problem of extremely large errors in determining curve distances using traditional algorithms; (2) Calculation of heading angle time deviation, Introducing dynamic deviation of heading angle and timing consistency verification to avoid misjudgments caused by GPS single-point drift: 1. Static heading deviation: Calculate the difference Δ between the real-time heading angle and the standard azimuth angle of the standard trajectory micro-segment. ; 2. Dynamic heading deviation: The heading angles of 5 time-series points are continuously collected, the rate of change of heading angles is calculated, and the heading angle change curves of the same section of the standard trajectory are compared to determine whether the driving posture is abnormal. 3. Special compensation for curves: For curved sections, the allowable deviation of the heading angle is dynamically corrected according to the curvature of the trajectory. The greater the curvature of the curve, the more adaptively the heading angle tolerance threshold is increased. (3) Calculation of trajectory curvature deviation. To identify abnormal driving trajectory patterns, a trajectory curvature determination method is introduced, targeting the core characteristics of lane changes, detours, and route deviations. The curvature of each micro-segment of the real-time driving trajectory is calculated. Curvature of micro segments of standard trajectory Curvature deviation difference: ; If the real-time trajectory curvature of the straight road section exceeds the standard by a large margin, or the curvature of the curved road section deviates from the standard trajectory by more than the threshold, it is directly judged as a deviation in trajectory shape, which makes up for the deficiency that distance and heading angle cannot identify small detours; (4) Calculation of time-series velocity deviation, By combining the standard speed range of the standard trajectory section with the real-time driving speed, if the vehicle continues to linger at low speed, speeds, or has abnormal start-stop, and is accompanied by a slight positional deviation, it is judged as a suspected abnormal driving behavior and used as a deviation auxiliary judgment factor to effectively identify special scenarios such as temporary roadside parking and detour avoidance. (5) Five-dimensional comprehensive deviation weighted model, The above five deviation factors are normalized and combined with the road condition weighting coefficient to calculate the comprehensive deviation index D, which ranges from [0, 100]. The larger the value, the greater the degree of deviation. The parameters in the formula are defined as follows: Distance deviation from normalized value, weight (Core Factors); : Deviation of heading angle from normalized value, weight ; Curvature deviation from normalized value, weight ; : Velocity deviation from normalized value, weight ; Road network topology deviation from normalized value, weight .

[0068] V. Dynamic adaptive threshold mechanism; Traditional algorithms use fixed thresholds, which cannot adapt to different scenarios such as highways, urban roads, rural roads, curves, and intersections. This algorithm adopts a scenario-based dynamic threshold system, which automatically adjusts the judgment criteria according to the road segment attributes. Road segment tiered threshold configuration: Expressway / Expressway: Wide roads, simple road network, distance deviation threshold L=3m, heading angle deviation threshold 5°, extremely low fault tolerance; Urban arterial road: Distance deviation threshold L=5m, heading angle deviation threshold 8°; Rural road / narrow road: Distance deviation threshold L=2m, heading angle deviation threshold 10°; Intersection / curve / ramp: Dynamically relaxed threshold, adaptively adjusted according to the radius of curvature, with a maximum relaxation of 1.8 times the base threshold; The vehicle speed linkage threshold correction automatically increases the threshold to compensate for large fluctuations in GPS points when driving at low speeds (≤10km / h); and tightens the judgment threshold to avoid false alarms at low speeds and missed alarms at high speeds when driving at high speeds (≥60km / h).

[0069] VI. Multi-level false alarm filtering and alarm correction mechanism; Breaking through the traditional single signal drift correction logic, a four-fold false alarm filtering system is constructed, consisting of timing steady-state verification, road network topology verification, behavioral logic verification, and multi-level delay filtering, to completely eliminate invalid alarms; Signal drift filtering: If the distance deviation of a single point exceeds the standard, but meets all of the following conditions, it is judged as GPS signal drift, and automatic correction is performed without triggering an alarm: 1. The deviation values ​​of three consecutive time-series points do not show a continuous increasing trend; 2. The real-time heading angle is consistent with the driving direction of the road network; 3. The vehicle is within the legal road network and does not cross road driving behavior; 4. The vehicle speed is stable and there are no lane changing or detouring characteristics. For time-series steady-state verification, a 3-second sliding time window is set. Only when more than 80% of the points within the window continuously deviate from the threshold, the comprehensive deviation index continuously exceeds the standard, and the deviation trend continues to expand, is it determined to be a valid deviation, thus filtering out instantaneous anomalies caused by temporary bumps and brief signal fluctuations. Road network topology compliance verification, linked with Gaode / Baidu high-precision road network data, verifies the road to which the real-time location belongs: if the vehicle only deviates slightly within the lane and does not leave the road network corresponding to the standard route, even if the distance slightly exceeds the standard, it is judged as normal driving, filtering out false lane deviations; if the vehicle enters the auxiliary road, the opposite lane, the non-planned road, or the off-line network, it is judged as a valid deviation. Special driving behavior filtering automatically exempts alarms for compliant special scenarios: normal lane changes to avoid obstacles, turning at intersections, U-turns, temporary compliant parking, and slow following in congested traffic. It automatically filters false alarms through multiple feature recognition of curvature, speed, and road network.

[0070] VII. Deviation Level Quantification and Graded Alarm Strategy; Based on the comprehensive deviation index D, deviation duration, and deviation scenario, route deviation is divided into three levels to achieve refined hierarchical alarm, replacing the traditional single alarm mode: Level 1 Minor Deviation: Comprehensive Deviation Index 30≤D<60, Duration <5s. The vehicle deviates slightly but does not leave the legal road network. Offline warning is triggered, abnormal trajectory log is recorded, and no emergency alarm is pushed. Level 2 moderate deviation, with a comprehensive deviation index of 60≤D<80 and a duration of ≥5s, indicates that the vehicle is significantly deviating from the standard trajectory and is located at the edge of the road network, triggering a regular deviation alarm and sending a reminder message. Level 3 serious deviation, with a comprehensive deviation index D≥80 and a duration ≥3s, indicates that the vehicle has left the legal road network, detoured, driven against traffic, or deviated from the planned route, triggering an emergency alarm and simultaneously recording the deviation trajectory, deviation duration, and deviation location.

[0071] Core advantages of the algorithm: Significantly improved accuracy: Upgraded from single distance judgment to five-dimensional fusion judgment, adapting to all scenarios such as curves, intersections, and highways; Significantly reduced false alarm rate: Quadruple false alarm filtering + dynamic adaptive threshold completely solves the problems of GPS drift and lane departure false alarms; More rigorous judgment: Introducing time-series steady-state verification, trajectory morphology verification, and road network topology verification to eliminate missed or false judgments of instantaneous anomalies; High level of intelligence: Supports self-learning iteration, scene adaptation, and hierarchical alarms, adapting to different vehicles, different road conditions, and different driving habits.

[0072] After the system platform and the manufacturer are launched, the manufacturer first creates carrier accounts within the system and completes account allocation. After logging into their accounts, carriers pay a deposit for the positioning equipment, submit a positioning equipment application to the platform, and after platform approval, ship the equipment to the carrier, who then receives the equipment. Drivers rent equipment through the leasing system, scan the equipment's QR code using a mobile app, enter their license plate number to bind the equipment to their vehicle, and pay the rental fee. Once payment is successful, the equipment is activated, and the positioning system begins collecting vehicle location and driving data, which managers can view in real time. Upon lease expiration, drivers can choose to renew or initiate a equipment return request. The platform reviews the return request; if approved, the equipment binding is removed and the driver's deposit is refunded; if the review fails or the equipment is damaged, the deposit is not refunded and the equipment is retrieved. Carriers can return idle equipment in batches; after platform acceptance, the deposit is refunded to the carrier within three business days, completing the entire process.

[0073] The device can be used normally during the rental period, and online renewal is supported to extend the validity period before expiration. Returns of the GPS device can be initiated by the driver or in batches by the carrier's management. Drivers submit a return request by scanning a QR code via a mini-program and upload the tracking number before mailing the GPS device.

[0074] This invention manages the location of all vehicles through a unified platform, covering owned vehicles, outsourced vehicles, and temporary vehicles, achieving comprehensive visual management of all vehicles. Employing a positioning equipment leasing model reduces overall management costs across the supply chain. Manufacturing companies do not need to invest heavily in purchasing equipment and building their own systems; drivers lease equipment on demand and can return it when there are no tasks, improving equipment utilization. The system features multiple automatic alarm mechanisms, providing real-time warnings of risks such as speeding, deviation, tampering, and damage, enabling pre-event warnings, in-event intervention, and post-event traceability. The positioning equipment uses a dual anti-tamper structure with a micro switch 1 and a gas pressure sensor 2, combined with a micro-positive pressure design to extend equipment life and reduce maintenance frequency. The lightweight mini-program operation is simple; just scan a code to use, requiring no professional training, and is adapted to the usage habits of drivers. Historical tracks are permanently stored and support sharing and playback, allowing for rapid evidence collection and liability determination in cargo damage disputes.

[0075] This invention solves the problems of difficulty in covering all vehicles in vehicle transportation process management; the problem of excessively high installation and usage costs of vehicle equipment; the problem of not being able to detect deviations from preset routes during vehicle transportation; and the problem of not being able to share vehicle trajectories.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A freight vehicle transportation process visual management system, characterized in that, This includes barcode scanners, label printers, inventory management systems, rental systems, positioning systems, alarm systems, and positioning devices; The positioning device is installed on the freight vehicle and monitors the freight vehicle information on board; the positioning device has a barcode and a QR code; the barcode scanner scans the barcode for entry and exit from the warehouse, the label printer generates a unique QR code, and the entry and exit management system is used for the entry registration and information management of the positioning device; Build an organizational account structure for manufacturers, carriers, drivers, and the system platform; The manufacturing company creates several carrier accounts, and the carriers use these accounts to pay deposits and apply for several positioning devices; the drivers use the leasing system to rent positioning devices. The positioning system receives freight vehicle information collected by the positioning device, and the alarm system issues an alarm based on the information transmitted by the positioning system.

2. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a mobile terminal mini-program. The rental of the positioning device is completed by scanning a QR code and entering the license plate number through the mobile terminal mini-program to bind the positioning device and the vehicle. The driver logs in and pays the rental fee by scanning the code through the mobile terminal mini-program. After successful payment, the upload channel and validity period of the positioning data are activated.

3. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 2, wherein, The mobile terminal applet is used for scanning QR codes to log in, bind, pay, monitor and view, and return the location device; for the return of the location device by mail, the driver initiates a return application by scanning a QR code and uploads the mailing slip through the mobile terminal applet; after the device is returned, the binding is removed and the health status of the location device is recorded.

4. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 1, wherein, The positioning system acquires and stores the location data of the positioning device in real time through Beidou or GPS; the system platform generates a trajectory sharing link with an expiration date, replays historical trajectories, and retains historical trajectory data for traceability.

5. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 4, wherein, The alarm system includes the following alarm functions: offline positioning device alarm; low battery positioning device alarm; overspeed alarm; restricted area alarm; work area alarm; and route deviation alarm.

6. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 5, wherein, The route deviation alarm includes selecting a trajectory over a certain period of time as the vehicle's standard trajectory. During the current rental period of the device, if the vehicle travels on that route again, a comparison will be made. If the vehicle's route has changed, a route deviation alarm will be triggered.

7. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 6, wherein, The route deviation alarm includes: Deviation Judgment Model: Construct a five-dimensional judgment model based on spatial distance deviation, heading angle deviation, trajectory curvature deviation, temporal driving deviation, and road network compliance deviation, and use a weighted fusion algorithm to calculate the comprehensive deviation degree for refined judgment; Alarm correction logic: Construct a four-fold false alarm filtering system consisting of time-series steady-state verification, road network topology verification, behavioral logic verification, and multi-level delay filtering to eliminate invalid alarms.

8. The freight vehicle transportation process visualization management system of claim 1, wherein, The positioning device is an OBD positioning device connected to the OBD interface of the freight vehicle or a strong magnetic adsorption positioning device attached to the freight vehicle.

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