Thermal management system

Abstract

This application discloses a thermal management system, belonging to the field of energy storage technology. The thermal management system includes: a refrigerant circuit, a battery cabinet, a transformer cabinet, and a valve assembly. The refrigerant circuit includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger has a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other. The second heat exchanger has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other. The battery cabinet has a first interface and a second interface. The transformer cabinet has a third interface and a fourth interface. The valve assembly has a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port, and a fourth valve port. The fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the first interface and the first valve port, the second valve port is connected to the second interface, the third valve port is connected to the third interface, and the fourth valve port is connected to the fourth interface. The valve assembly is used to control the on / off state of the second and third valve ports, and the first and fourth valve ports. The valve assembly enables cascaded utilization of hot and cold energy and mode switching, improving energy utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a thermal management system. Background Technology

[0002] Battery cabinets in energy storage systems generate heat during charging and discharging, and require heating to maintain their normal operating temperature in low-temperature environments. Simultaneously, energy storage systems also include power electronic equipment such as converters and transformers, which primarily generate heat during operation and require continuous cooling. In related technologies, battery cabinets and power cabinets are each equipped with independent thermal management units for temperature regulation. However, the heat generated or required to be replenished by the battery cabinets during operation is often not utilized synergistically with the thermal characteristics of the power cabinets, resulting in low overall utilization efficiency of either the cold or heat source. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a thermal management system designed to address the technical problem of low overall utilization efficiency of cold or heat sources, where the heat generated or required to be replenished by the battery cabinet during operation is often not utilized in synergy with the thermal characteristics of the substation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a thermal management system is provided, comprising: The compressor, reversing valve, first heat exchanger, electromagnetic expansion valve and second heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger having a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other, the second heat exchanger having a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other, the compressor, reversing valve, first heat exchange channel, electromagnetic expansion valve and third heat exchange channel are connected by pipeline to form a closed refrigerant circuit; The battery cabinet assembly has a first interface and a second interface; The substation cabinet has a third interface and a fourth interface; A valve assembly has a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port, and a fourth valve port. The fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the first interface and the first valve port, the second valve port is connected to the second interface, the third valve port is connected to the third interface, and the fourth valve port is connected to the fourth interface. The valve assembly is used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port and the third valve port, and between the first valve port and the fourth valve port.

[0005] In some embodiments, the valve assembly has a fifth valve port and a sixth valve port, the fifth valve port and the sixth valve port being respectively connected to the external environment; The valve assembly is used to control the connection and disconnection between the first valve port and the fifth valve port, and between the fourth valve port and the sixth valve port.

[0006] In some embodiments, the second heat exchanger further includes a first heat exchange section configured to exchange heat with the fourth heat exchange channel.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger further includes a second heat exchange section, which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel. The valve assembly also has a seventh valve port and an eighth valve port, one end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the seventh valve port, and the other end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the eighth valve port; The valve assembly is used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port and the third valve port, the fourth valve port and the seventh valve port, and the eighth valve port and the first valve port.

[0008] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a data center cabinet, the data center cabinet having a fifth interface and a sixth interface, the fifth interface being connected to the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel and the first interface via a first connecting pipe; The valve assembly also has a ninth valve port, which is connected to the sixth interface; The valve assembly is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port and the third valve port, and between the ninth valve port and the third valve port; Alternatively, the valve assembly may also be used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port and the third valve port, and between the ninth valve port and the second valve port.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a distributor having a first port, a second port and a third port. The first port and the second port are connected in series on the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel and the first interface, and the third port is connected to the fifth interface through the first connecting pipe.

[0010] In some embodiments, the valve assembly further has a tenth valve port, and the fifth interface is connected to the tenth valve port via a second connecting pipe; The first heat exchanger also has a second heat exchange section, which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel. The valve assembly also has a seventh valve port and an eighth valve port, one end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the seventh valve port, and the other end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the eighth valve port; The valve assembly is used to control the connection and disconnection between the first valve port and the fourth valve port, the second valve port and the third valve port, the ninth valve port and the seventh valve port, and the tenth valve port and the eighth valve port.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a third heat exchanger having a fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel; The fifth heat exchange channel is connected in series or in parallel with the third heat exchange channel, and the sixth heat exchange channel is connected to the fourth heat exchange channel and the first interface respectively; The valve assembly is used to control the connection and disconnection between the first valve port and the second valve port, the tenth valve port and the fifth valve port, the fourth valve port and the sixth valve port, and the third valve port and the ninth valve port.

[0012] In some embodiments, both the fourth heat exchange channel and the second heat exchange channel are configured as heat exchange air ducts.

[0013] In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a first multi-way valve having a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port, a fourth valve port, a fifth valve port, and a sixth valve port.

[0014] In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a first multi-way valve and a second multi-way valve, the first multi-way valve having a first valve port, a second valve port and a third valve port, and the second multi-way valve having a fourth valve port, a fifth valve port and a sixth valve port.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery cabinet group includes multiple battery cabinets, each of which has the first interface and the second interface, with the multiple first interfaces connected in parallel and the multiple second interfaces connected in parallel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery cabinet group includes multiple battery cabinets, each of which has the first interface and the second interface; There are multiple second heat exchangers, each battery cabinet is provided with a second heat exchanger, and each first interface is connected to a fourth heat exchange channel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a third connecting pipe, the third connecting pipe connecting the third valve port and the third interface; The third connecting pipe is buried under the foundation, the third interface is opened on the bottom wall or side wall of the substation, and the third interface is located below the fourth interface; Alternatively, the third connecting pipe is located above the substation, the third interface is located on the top wall of the substation, and the fourth interface is located on the side wall of the substation.

[0018] The thermal management system in this embodiment includes a refrigerant circuit, a battery cabinet, a transformer cabinet, and a valve assembly. A compressor, a reversing valve, a first heat exchange channel, an electromagnetic expansion valve, and a third heat exchange channel are connected via pipelines to form a closed refrigerant circuit. The first heat exchanger has a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other, and the second heat exchanger has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel that exchange heat with each other. The battery cabinet has a first interface and a second interface; the transformer cabinet has a third interface and a fourth interface; the valve assembly has a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port, and a fourth valve port. The fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the first interface and the first valve port, the second valve port is connected to the second interface, the third valve port is connected to the third interface, and the fourth valve port is connected to the fourth interface. The valve assembly is used to control the on / off state of the second and third valve ports, and the on / off state of the first and fourth valve ports. By controlling the opening and closing of the second and third valve ports, and the first and fourth valve ports, a series heat exchange medium flow path is formed between the fourth heat exchange channel, the battery cabinet, and the substation. This allows the same heat exchange medium to flow sequentially through the substation and battery cabinet, achieving tiered utilization of cooling or heating capacity. Simultaneously, by using a reversing valve to change the refrigerant flow direction, the system can switch between cooling and heating modes to meet the cooling or heating needs of the battery cabinet under different operating conditions. This eliminates the need for separate thermal management loops for the battery cabinet and the substation, thereby simplifying the system structure and reducing equipment costs.

[0019] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 5This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a topology diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a top view schematic diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a front view schematic diagram of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a top view of another embodiment of the thermal management system of this application; Figure 13 This is a top view of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of this application, where the foundation is hidden. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the transformer cabinet and the third connecting pipe in a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the transformer cabinet and the third connecting pipe in a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the transformer cabinet and the third connecting pipe in a thermal management system according to another embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Compressor; 11. Reversing valve; 12. First heat exchanger; 13. Electromagnetic expansion valve; 14. Second heat exchanger; 121. First heat exchange channel; 122. Second heat exchange channel; 123. Second heat exchange section; 141. Third heat exchange channel; 142. Fourth heat exchange channel; 143. First heat exchange section; 100. Refrigerant circuit; 20. Battery cabinet assembly; 201. First interface; 202. Second interface; 21. Battery cabinet body; 30. Substation cabinet; 301. Third interface; 302. Fourth interface; 310. Third connecting pipe; 40. Valve assembly; 401. First valve port; 402. Second valve port; 403. Third valve port; 404. Fourth valve port; 405. Fifth valve port; 406. Sixth valve port; 407. Seventh valve port; 408. Eighth valve port; 409. Ninth valve port; 410. Tenth valve port; 41. First multi-way valve; 42. Second multi-way valve; 50. Data center cabinet; 501. Fifth interface; 502. Sixth interface; 510. First connecting pipe; 520. Second connecting pipe; 60. Diverter; 601. First port; 602. Second port; 603. Third port; 70. Third heat exchanger; 701. Fifth heat exchange channel; 702. Sixth heat exchange channel; L, foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, and "at least one" can refer to one, two, or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only for the convenience of description and are used to name components or embodiments by number, and do not imply any order of importance between the components or embodiments.

[0026] Battery cabinets in energy storage systems generate heat during charging and discharging, and require heating to maintain their normal operating temperature in low-temperature environments. Simultaneously, energy storage systems also include power electronic equipment such as converters and transformers, which primarily generate heat during operation and require continuous cooling. In related technologies, battery cabinets and power cabinets are each equipped with independent thermal management units for temperature regulation. The heat generated or required to be replenished by the battery cabinets during operation is often not utilized synergistically with the thermal characteristics of the power cabinets, resulting in low overall utilization efficiency of either the cold or heat source. Furthermore, using independent thermal management loops to regulate the temperature of the battery cabinets and power cabinets separately leads to complex system structures and high equipment costs.

[0027] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a thermal management system aimed at solving at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0028] Please see Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of this application, the thermal management system includes a refrigerant circuit 100, a battery cabinet 20, a transformer cabinet 30, and a valve assembly 40. The refrigerant circuit 100 includes a compressor 10, a reversing valve 11, a first heat exchanger 12, an electromagnetic expansion valve 13, and a second heat exchanger 14. The first heat exchanger 12 has a first heat exchange channel 121 and a second heat exchange channel 122 that exchange heat with each other. The second heat exchanger 14 has a third heat exchange channel 141 and a fourth heat exchange channel 142 that exchange heat with each other. The compressor 10, the reversing valve 11, the first heat exchange channel 121, the electromagnetic expansion valve 13, and the third heat exchange channel 141 are connected by pipelines to form a closed refrigerant circuit 100.

[0029] The battery cabinet 20 has a first interface 201 and a second interface 202, one of which is used for the inflow of heat exchange medium into the battery cabinet 20, and the other is used for the outflow of heat exchange medium from the battery cabinet 20. The transformer cabinet 30 has a third interface 301 and a fourth interface 302, one of which is used for the inflow of heat exchange medium into the transformer cabinet 30, and the other is used for the outflow of heat exchange medium from the transformer cabinet 30.

[0030] Valve assembly 40 has a first valve port 401, a second valve port 402, a third valve port 403, and a fourth valve port 404. The fourth heat exchange channel 142 is connected to the first interface 201 and the first valve port 401, the second valve port 402 and the second interface 202, the third valve port 403 and the third interface 301, and the fourth valve port 404 and the fourth interface 302, respectively. Valve assembly 40 is used to control the on / off state of the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, and the first valve port 401 and the fourth valve port 404. When valve assembly 40 connects the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, and simultaneously connects the first valve port 401 and the fourth valve port 404, a series heat exchange medium flow path is formed between the fourth heat exchange channel 142, the battery cabinet group 20, the transformer cabinet 30, and the valve assembly 40.

[0031] The refrigerant circuit 100 operates in two modes: refrigerant cooling mode and strong heating mode.

[0032] Please continue reading. Figure 1As shown, in refrigerant-cooled mode, the first heat exchanger 12 acts as a condenser, and the second heat exchanger 14 acts as an evaporator. The refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the third heat exchange channel 141 of the second heat exchanger 14, lowering the temperature of the fourth heat exchange channel 142. After being cooled, the heat exchange medium in the fourth heat exchange channel 142, controlled by the valve assembly 40, first enters the battery cabinet group 20 to absorb the heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging, then leaves the battery cabinet group 20 and enters the substation 30 to continue absorbing the heat generated by the power electronic equipment in the substation 30, finally returning to the fourth heat exchange channel 142 to be cooled again. The specific flow direction of the heat exchange medium is as follows: the heat exchange medium flows out from the fourth heat exchange channel 142, sequentially through the first interface 201, inside the battery cabinet 20, the second interface 202, the second valve port 402, the third valve port 403, the third interface 301, inside the transformer cabinet 30, the fourth interface 302, the fourth valve port 404, and the first valve port 401, finally returning to the fourth heat exchange channel 142 to complete one cycle. Since the operating temperature requirements of the battery are usually more stringent than those of the transformer cabinet 30, prioritizing the use of the lower-temperature cooling medium to cool the battery cabinet 20, and then allowing the slightly warmer medium to cool the transformer cabinet 30, can simultaneously meet the heat dissipation needs of both cabinets and improve the utilization efficiency of cooling capacity, eliminating the need for two separate refrigeration units. This closed-loop heat exchange circuit is suitable for operating conditions where the requirements for air source cleanliness are not high and the heat dissipation demand is not significant.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 As shown, in the strong heating mode, the reversing valve 11 switches the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 100. At this time, the first heat exchanger 12 acts as an evaporator, and the second heat exchanger 14 acts as a condenser. The refrigerant releases heat in the third heat exchange channel 141 of the second heat exchanger 14, causing the temperature of the fourth heat exchange channel 142 to rise. After being heated, the heat exchange medium in the fourth heat exchange channel 142, controlled by the valve assembly 40, flows through the inside of the substation 30 and into the battery cabinet 20, transferring heat to the batteries and raising their temperature to a suitable operating temperature. The substation 30 itself also generates heat during operation; the heat exchange medium absorbs some heat as it flows through the substation 30, which is used to heat the batteries. The specific flow direction of the heat exchange medium is as follows: the heat exchange medium flows out from the fourth heat exchange channel 142, sequentially passing through the first valve port 401, the fourth valve port 404, the fourth interface 302, inside the transformer cabinet 30, the third interface 301, the third valve port 403, the second valve port 402, the second interface 202, inside the battery cabinet 20, and the first interface 201, finally returning to the fourth heat exchange channel 142 to complete one cycle. By changing the refrigerant flow direction through the reversing valve 11, heat can be provided to the battery cabinet 20 in a low-temperature environment without the need for additional heating elements, simplifying the system structure, reducing equipment costs, and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0034] In some embodiments, both the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the second heat exchange channel 122 are configured as heat exchange ducts. That is, the heat exchange medium flowing within the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the second heat exchange channel 122 is air, and heat transfer is achieved through airflow. Setting the heat exchange channels as ducts simplifies the heat exchanger structure, reduces manufacturing costs, and eliminates the risk of leakage when air is used as the heat exchange medium, facilitating maintenance. Simultaneously, the duct design allows for direct connection to the air vents of the battery cabinet 20 and the substation 30, reducing intermediate conversion components and improving system integration. This thermal management system is suitable for long-term energy storage systems, such as 8-hour systems, where the heat generated by the battery cells is relatively small. Therefore, even if the air exhausted from the battery cabinet 20 absorbs heat from the batteries, its temperature remains lower than the ambient air temperature. The "residual cooling" exhausted from the battery cabinet 20 is used to cool the substation 30, achieving multi-stage utilization of a primary cooling source.

[0035] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, valve assembly 40 has a fifth valve port 405 and a sixth valve port 406, which are respectively connected to the external environment, i.e., directly connected to the atmosphere or an external storage space. Valve assembly 40 is used to control the on / off state of the first valve port 401 and the fifth valve port 405, and the fourth valve port 404 and the sixth valve port 406. When valve assembly 40 connects the first valve port 401 and the fifth valve port 405, and the fourth valve port 404 and the sixth valve port 406, the fourth heat exchange channel 142, the battery cabinet group 20, and the transformer cabinet 30 no longer form a closed series loop, but instead exchange heat exchange media with the external environment.

[0036] Specifically, when the heat exchange medium is air, fresh air from the external environment enters through the fifth valve port 405, flows into the battery cabinet group 20 through the first valve port 401, the fourth heat exchange channel 142, and the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20, flows out through the second interface 202 after passing through the battery cabinet group 20, then flows into the substation 30 through the second valve port 402, the third valve port 403, and the third interface 301 of the substation 30, and finally flows out through the fourth interface 302 of the substation 30, and is discharged to the external environment through the fourth valve port 404 and the sixth valve port 406.

[0037] When the heat exchange medium is liquid, the fifth valve port 405 and the sixth valve port 406 can be connected to the coolant storage tank in the external environment, respectively. The heat exchange medium in the coolant storage tank enters from the fifth valve port 405, flows into the battery cabinet group 20 through the first valve port 401, the fourth heat exchange channel 142, and the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20, flows out from the second interface 202 after passing through the battery cabinet group 20, then flows into the substation 30 through the second valve port 402, the third valve port 403, and the third interface 301 of the substation 30, and finally flows out from the fourth interface 302 of the substation 30, and is discharged into the coolant storage tank through the fourth valve port 404 and the sixth valve port 406.

[0038] The open-loop circulation mode is suitable for operating conditions with low ambient temperature or high cleanliness. It can utilize external natural cold sources to cool the battery cabinet 20 and transformer cabinet 30, reducing the operating time of compressor 10 and thus reducing energy consumption. In the open-loop circulation mode, a small-power compressor 10 can be used, the outlet gas and liquid temperatures of transformer cabinet 30 are relatively high, and it is directly discharged to the external environment. The heat exchange pressure of the second heat exchanger 14 is low.

[0039] In some embodiments, a filter (such as) is provided at the first interface 201. Figure 4 As shown), to filter heat exchange media (such as air) in the external environment.

[0040] Please see Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the second heat exchanger 14 further includes a first heat exchange section 143, which is configured to exchange heat with the fourth heat exchange channel 142. The first heat exchange section 143 may be heat exchange fins or radiators attached to the surface of the fourth heat exchange channel 142, or another set of heat exchange channels adjacent to the fourth heat exchange channel 142. By providing the first heat exchange section 143, the fourth heat exchange channel 142 can exchange heat with the external environment or other heat sources, in addition to exchanging heat with the third heat exchange channel 141. For example, under low ambient temperature conditions, the compressor 10 can be turned off, and the air in the fourth heat exchange channel 142 can be cooled solely by natural wind using the first heat exchange section 143, thereby reducing system energy consumption. The introduction of the first heat exchange section 143 increases the heat exchange methods of the second heat exchanger 14, giving the thermal management system more operational options under different operating conditions.

[0041] Please see Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the first heat exchanger 12 further includes a second heat exchange section 123, which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel 122. The second heat exchange section 123 may be heat exchange fins, heat sinks, or additional heat exchange channels, used to enhance heat exchange between the second heat exchange channel 122 and the surrounding environment or other media. The valve assembly 40 also includes a seventh valve port 407 and an eighth valve port 408. One end of the second heat exchange channel 122 is connected to the seventh valve port 407, and the other end of the second heat exchange channel 122 is connected to the eighth valve port 408. The valve assembly 40 is used to control the opening and closing of the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, the fourth valve port 404 and the seventh valve port 407, and the eighth valve port 408 and the first valve port 401. That is, the second heat exchange channel 122 is connected to the valve assembly 40 as an independent fluid channel. The second heat exchange channel 122 of the first heat exchanger 12 can be selectively connected to the circulation loop of the heat exchange medium. When valve assembly 40 connects the fourth valve port 404 with the seventh valve port 407 and the eighth valve port 408 with the first valve port 401, the flow path of the heat exchange medium becomes: starting from the fourth heat exchange channel 142, flowing sequentially through the first interface 201, inside the battery cabinet group 20, the second interface 202, the second valve port 402, the third valve port 403, the third interface 301, inside the transformer cabinet 30, the fourth interface 302, the fourth valve port 404, the seventh valve port 407, the second heat exchange channel 122, the eighth valve port 408, and the first valve port 401, and finally returning to the fourth heat exchange channel 142, completing one cycle.

[0042] By providing a second heat exchange section 123, the second heat exchange channel 122 can exchange heat not only with the first heat exchange channel 121 but also with the external environment or other heat sources. For example, under low ambient temperature conditions, the compressor 10 can be shut down, and the air in the second heat exchange channel 122 can be cooled solely by natural wind through the second heat exchange section 123, thereby reducing system energy consumption. The introduction of the second heat exchange section 123 increases the heat exchange methods of the first heat exchanger 12, giving the thermal management system more operational options under different conditions.

[0043] Please see Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a data center cabinet 50, which has a fifth interface 501 and a sixth interface 502. One interface is used for the flow of heat exchange medium into the interior of the data center cabinet 50, and the other interface is used for the flow of heat exchange medium out of the data center cabinet 50. The fifth interface 501 is connected to the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the first interface 201 via a first connecting pipe 510. That is, the heat exchange medium flowing out from the fourth heat exchange channel 142 will pass through a branch point before reaching the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20. The first connecting pipe 510 is led out from this branch point and leads to the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50. The valve assembly 40 also has a ninth valve port 409, which is connected to the sixth interface 502. The valve assembly 40 is also used to control the on / off state of the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, and the on / off state of the ninth valve port 409 and the third valve port 403.

[0044] After leaving the fourth heat exchange channel 142, part of the heat exchange medium can enter the data center cabinet 50, and another part can enter the battery cabinet group 20, or one of them can be selected for flow as needed. When the valve assembly 40 connects the second valve port 402 with the third valve port 403, and connects the ninth valve port 409 with the third valve port 403, a passage is formed between the data center cabinet 50 and the substation cabinet 30. The specific flow direction is as follows: the heat exchange medium flows out from the fourth heat exchange channel 142, a portion of which enters the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50 through the first connecting pipe 510, flows through the inside of the data center cabinet 50 and then flows out from the sixth interface 502, then through the ninth valve port 409 and the third valve port 403 into the third interface 301 of the transformer cabinet 30, flows through the transformer cabinet 30 and then flows out from the fourth interface 302, then through the fourth valve port 404 and the first valve port 401 back to the fourth heat exchange channel 142; the other portion continues to enter the battery cabinet group 20 along the original pipeline, and also merges into the transformer cabinet 30 through the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403. The data center cabinet 50, the battery cabinet group 20 and the transformer cabinet 30 can realize a compound flow path in parallel or series, so that the heat dissipation requirements of the data center cabinet 50 can also be included in the same thermal management system, further improving the integration of the energy storage system and the utilization efficiency of cold and heat sources.

[0045] Please see Figure 7As shown, in some embodiments, valve assembly 40 is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, and between the ninth valve port 409 and the second valve port 402. When valve assembly 40 connects the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, and connects the ninth valve port 409 and the second valve port 402, a passage is formed between the data center cabinet 50 and the battery cabinet group 20. Specifically, the heat exchange medium flows out from the fourth heat exchange channel 142, flows sequentially through the first valve port 401, the fourth valve port 404, and the fourth interface 302 of the transformer cabinet 30, flows through the interior of the transformer cabinet 30 and flows out from the third interface 301 of the transformer cabinet 30, then through the third valve port 403, the second valve port 402, and the second interface 202 of the battery cabinet group 20, flows through the interior of the battery cabinet group 20 and flows out from the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20. Of the heat exchange medium flowing out from the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20, a portion enters the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50 via the first connecting pipe 510, flows through the interior of the data center cabinet 50, and then flows out from the sixth interface 502. It then enters the second interface 202 of the battery cabinet group 20 via the ninth valve port 409 and the second valve port 402, where it merges with the heat exchange medium flowing out from the transformer cabinet 30 and re-enters the battery cabinet group 20. The other portion of the heat exchange medium returns directly to the fourth heat exchange channel 142. A local circulation branch is formed between the data center cabinet 50 and the battery cabinet group 20, allowing the heat exchange medium flowing out of the data center cabinet 50 to be reintroduced into the battery cabinet group 20, achieving secondary heat utilization or temperature readjustment. This connection method is suitable for situations where the exhaust heat from the data center cabinet 50 needs to be recovered for heating the battery cabinet group 20, or where a more thorough heat exchange is required between the data center cabinet 50 and the battery cabinet group 20.

[0046] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, in some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a distributor 60, which has a first port 601, a second port 602, and a third port 603. The first port 601 and the second port 602 are connected in series on the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the first interface 201. The third port 603 is connected to the fifth interface 501 through a first connecting pipe 510. The function of the distributor 60 is to distribute the heat exchange medium flowing out of the fourth heat exchange channel 142 into two paths. One path flows along the main path through the first port 601 and the second port 602 to the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20, and the other path flows through the third port 603 and the first connecting pipe 510 to the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50. By setting up the distributor 60, it is not necessary to rely on the complex switching inside the valve assembly 40 to achieve branching, but to complete the flow distribution with a simple three-way structure. The splitter 60 can have a fixed split ratio or be equipped with an adjustable valve to change the flow distribution between the two paths. This allows for flexible adjustment of the flow rate of the heat exchange medium entering the two cabinets according to their respective heat load requirements, thereby improving the operational flexibility of the thermal management system.

[0047] Please see Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, valve assembly 40 further has a tenth valve port 410, and the fifth interface 501 is connected to the tenth valve port 410 through a second connecting pipe 520; the first heat exchanger 12 further has a second heat exchange section 123, which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel 122; valve assembly 40 further has a seventh valve port 407 and an eighth valve port 408, one end of the second heat exchange channel 122 is connected to the seventh valve port 407, and the other end of the second heat exchange channel 122 is connected to the eighth valve port 408; valve assembly 40 is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve port 401 and the fourth valve port 404, the second valve port 402 and the third valve port 403, the ninth valve port 409 and the seventh valve port 407, and the tenth valve port 410 and the eighth valve port 408. By setting the second connecting pipe 520, the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50 is connected to the tenth valve port 410 of the valve assembly 40, so that the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50 can be connected to the pipeline between the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the first interface 201 through the first connecting pipe 510, or connected to a more complex circuit through the valve assembly 40 via the second connecting pipe 520.

[0048] When valve assembly 40 connects the ninth valve port 409 with the seventh valve port 407 and the tenth valve port 410 with the eighth valve port 408, the sixth interface 502 and the fifth interface 501 of the data center cabinet 50 are respectively connected to both ends of the second heat exchange channel 122, allowing the heat exchange medium of the data center cabinet 50 to flow through the second heat exchange channel 122 and exchange heat with the second heat exchange section 123 of the first heat exchanger 12. Simultaneously, the first valve port 401 is connected to the fourth valve port 404, and the second valve port 402 is connected to the third valve port 403, maintaining a series circulation between the battery cabinet group 20 and the transformer cabinet 30. In this way, heat from the data center cabinet 50 can be introduced to the first heat exchanger 12 side. In heating mode, the waste heat from the data center cabinet 50 is used to heat the medium in the second heat exchange channel 122, thereby improving system energy efficiency; in heat dissipation mode, the heat from the data center cabinet 50 can be discharged to the external environment through the second heat exchange section 123. When the first valve port 401 is connected to the fourth valve port 404 and the second valve port 402 is connected to the third valve port 403, a series circulation loop is formed between the battery cabinet group 20 and the substation 30, so that the heat exchange medium flows through the substation 30 and the battery cabinet group 20 in sequence.

[0049] The above mode is suitable for operating conditions where the ambient temperature is moderate and the battery cells do not require heat dissipation but only auxiliary insulation. The heat from the transformer cabinet 30 is used to reverse-heat the battery cells in the battery pack 20, while the data center cabinet 50 uses only the first heat exchanger 12 for heat dissipation. Through the switching of the valve assembly 40, this thermal management system can integrate the thermal management needs of the data center cabinet 50, battery pack 20, and transformer cabinet 30, achieving multi-level cascade utilization of thermal energy.

[0050] Please see Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a third heat exchanger 70, which has a fifth heat exchange channel 701 and a sixth heat exchange channel 702, and the fifth heat exchange channel 701 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702 exchange heat with each other; the fifth heat exchange channel 701 is connected in series or in parallel with the third heat exchange channel 141. When connected in series, the refrigerant flows through the third heat exchange channel 141 and the fifth heat exchange channel 701 in sequence; when connected in parallel, the refrigerant is split into two paths, flowing through the third heat exchange channel 141 and the fifth heat exchange channel 701 respectively. The sixth heat exchange channel 702 is connected to the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the first interface 201 respectively; that is, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the fourth heat exchange channel 142 first enters the sixth heat exchange channel 702, and then flows to the first interface 201 of the battery cabinet group 20. Valve assembly 40 is used to control the on / off states of the first valve port 401 and the second valve port 402, the tenth valve port 410 and the fifth valve port 405, the fourth valve port 404 and the sixth valve port 406, and the third valve port 403 and the ninth valve port 409. By providing a third heat exchanger 70, an additional heat exchange stage can be added. When the fifth heat exchange channel 701 is connected in series or parallel with the third heat exchange channel 141, the heat or cold energy in the refrigerant circuit 100 can be transferred to the heat exchange medium in the sixth heat exchange channel 702.

[0051] The fifth heat exchange channel 701 of the third heat exchanger 70 is connected in series or in parallel with the third heat exchange channel 141 of the second heat exchanger 14, allowing the cooling capacity of the evaporator to be simultaneously transferred to the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702. In dehumidification mode, the sixth heat exchange channel 702 serves as a dedicated dehumidification surface, providing a concentrated lower temperature and improving dehumidification efficiency. Specifically, when the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702 are connected in series, the fourth heat exchange channel 142 extends the condensation path, providing sufficient conditions for condensation. When the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702 are connected in parallel, both the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702 serve as dehumidification surfaces.

[0052] The flow of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management system is divided into two parts. First, a closed local circulation loop is formed inside the battery cabinet 20. When the first valve port 401 is connected to the second valve port 402, a portion of the heat exchange medium circulates between the fourth heat exchange channel 142, the sixth heat exchange channel 702, the first interface 201, the battery cabinet 20, the second interface 202, the second valve port 402, and the first valve port 401. In this closed loop, the heat exchange medium repeatedly flows through the battery cabinet 20, the fourth heat exchange channel 142, and the sixth heat exchange channel 702. In dehumidification mode, the second heat exchanger 14 and the third heat exchanger 70 operate as evaporators. The surface temperature of the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the sixth heat exchange channel 702 is below the dew point, and the heat exchange medium is air. Water vapor in the circulating air condenses and precipitates here, thereby reducing the humidity inside the battery cabinet 20. This process eliminates the need to introduce external humid air into the cabinet, reducing the additional moisture load caused by ventilation, and also eliminates the need for additional independent dehumidification equipment, thus reducing system costs and maintenance workload.

[0053] When the heat exchange medium is liquid, a dehumidifier is installed between the fourth heat exchange channel 142 and the first interface 201, and a mixing pipe is installed, with one end connected to the first interface 201 and the other end connected to the second interface 202, so as to maintain the liquid inlet temperature at the first interface 201 within the normal range and maintain the normal operation of the battery cells in the battery cabinet 20.

[0054] Simultaneously, when the tenth valve port 410 is connected to the fifth valve port 405, and the fourth valve port 404 is connected to the sixth valve port 406, the heat exchange medium flows sequentially through the fifth valve port 405, the tenth valve port 410, the fifth interface 501, inside the data center cabinet 50, the sixth interface 502, the ninth valve port 409, the third valve port 403, the third interface 301, inside the transformer cabinet 30, the fourth interface 302, the fourth valve port 404, and the sixth valve port 406, finally being discharged to the external environment or external storage space. The data center cabinet 50 and the transformer cabinet 30 are connected in series and connected to the external environment. Fresh air from the external environment flows sequentially through the data center cabinet 50 and the transformer cabinet 30, carrying away the heat generated by their operation before being discharged back to the atmosphere. The series ventilation method reduces the number of duct branches and valves, reducing system complexity; at the same time, since the data center cabinet 50 and the transformer cabinet 30 have a wider allowable operating temperature range, usually higher than the battery cabinet, they can directly use ambient air for cooling to meet the requirements, without needing to start the compressor 10, resulting in significant energy savings.

[0055] The internal circulation of the battery cabinet 20 is independent of the open circulation of the data center cabinet 50 and the transformer cabinet 30. The battery cabinet 20 can focus on dehumidification or temperature equalization without being affected by fluctuations in external air temperature and humidity; the data center cabinet 50 and transformer cabinet 30 can freely switch between natural ventilation and forced air cooling according to environmental conditions. There is no need to configure a separate dehumidifier or heater for the battery cabinet 20, nor is it necessary to set up separate ventilation and heat dissipation systems for the data center cabinet 50 and transformer cabinet 30. Through the integration of a valve assembly 40 and a third heat exchanger 70, multiple functions are integrated into a single thermal management system, reducing the number of devices and piping length, which helps to reduce overall system cost and installation space.

[0056] Please see Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, a filter is provided at the fifth interface 501 to filter the heat exchange medium (such as air) in the external environment.

[0057] This application allows the system to flexibly switch between refrigerant cooling mode, heating mode, air cooling mode, heat preservation mode, and dehumidification mode through different on / off combinations of valve assembly 40, adapting to different seasons and operating conditions.

[0058] Please see Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, valve assembly 40 includes a first multi-way valve 41, which has a first valve port 401, a second valve port 402, a third valve port 403, a fourth valve port 404, a fifth valve port 405, and a sixth valve port 406. By switching the position of the valve core inside the multi-way valve, any two or more valve ports can be selectively connected or disconnected. Using a single multi-way valve to achieve all the functions of valve assembly 40 can reduce the number of valve bodies in the system, simplify pipeline connections, reduce leakage risks, and facilitate centralized control. The first multi-way valve 41 can be a six-way directional valve 11, whose internal flow channel design can realize the on / off combinations required for the aforementioned various working states.

[0059] Please see Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the valve assembly 40 includes a first multi-way valve 41 and a second multi-way valve 42. The first multi-way valve 41 has a first valve port 401, a second valve port 402, and a third valve port 403, while the second multi-way valve 42 has a fourth valve port 404, a fifth valve port 405, and a sixth valve port 406. That is, the six valve ports are distributed on two independent multi-way directional valves 11. The first multi-way valve 41 controls the on / off relationship between the first valve port 401, the second valve port 402, and the third valve port 403, while the second multi-way valve 42 controls the on / off relationship between the fourth valve port 404, the fifth valve port 405, and the sixth valve port 406. Using two multi-way valves instead of one six-way valve reduces the complexity and manufacturing cost of a single valve, and allows for flexible arrangement of the two valves according to the actual installation space, improving the flexibility of the system layout. The two multi-way valves working together can also achieve the valve port on / off combinations required for the aforementioned various operating states.

[0060] Please see Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the battery cabinet group 20 includes multiple battery cabinets 21, each battery cabinet 21 having a first interface 201 and a second interface 202. The multiple first interfaces 201 are connected in parallel, and the multiple second interfaces 202 are connected in parallel. The heat exchange medium simultaneously flows from the main pipeline into the first interface 201 of each battery cabinet 21, flows through the interior of each battery cabinet 21, and then converges back into the main loop from their respective second interfaces 202. The parallel connection ensures that each battery cabinet 21 receives a heat exchange medium with similar flow rate and temperature, which is beneficial for temperature consistency among the battery cabinets 21. Furthermore, the parallel structure allows for easy adjustment of the number of battery cabinets 21 according to actual needs, providing good scalability.

[0061] Please see Figure 12 As shown, the data center cabinet 50 can also be cooled by the cold source generated by the refrigerant circuit 100.

[0062] Please see Figure 13As shown, in some embodiments, the battery cabinet group 20 includes multiple battery cabinets 21, each battery cabinet 21 having a first interface 201 and a second interface 202; there are multiple second heat exchangers 14, each battery cabinet 21 having one second heat exchanger 14, and each first interface 201 is connected to a fourth heat exchange channel 142. Each battery cabinet 21 has an independently matched second heat exchanger 14, and the fourth heat exchange channel 142 of each second heat exchanger 14 supplies heat exchange medium to its corresponding battery cabinet 21. This distributed configuration allows for independent adjustment of the operating state of the corresponding second heat exchanger 14 according to the actual heat load of each battery cabinet 21, such as adjusting the refrigerant flow rate or fan speed, to achieve more precise temperature control. Furthermore, even if one second heat exchanger 14 fails, it will not affect the normal thermal management of other battery cabinets 21, improving the system's reliability and fault tolerance.

[0063] In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a third connecting pipe 310, which connects a third valve port 403 and a third interface 301; the third connecting pipe 310 is buried under the foundation L, utilizing underground space for its arrangement. Please refer to [link to previous document]. Figure 14 As shown, the third interface 301 is located on the bottom wall of the transformer cabinet 30, below the fourth interface 302. Alternatively, please refer to... Figure 15 As shown, the third interface 301 is located on the side wall of the transformer cabinet 30, below the fourth interface 302. The third interface 301 is used for the heat exchange medium to enter the transformer cabinet 30, and the fourth interface 302 is used for the heat exchange medium to flow out; alternatively, the third interface 301 is used for the heat exchange medium to flow out of the transformer cabinet 30, and the fourth interface 302 is used for the heat exchange medium to enter the transformer cabinet 30. Positioning the third interface 301 below and the fourth interface 302 above allows the heat exchange medium to flow upwards within the transformer cabinet 30, which helps to fully utilize buoyancy to enhance the heat exchange effect and reduces gas accumulation at the low point of the heat exchange path. Burying the third connecting pipe 310 under the foundation L saves ground space, reduces interference from ductwork on the site layout, and the soil environment under the foundation L has an insulating effect, helping to reduce heat loss of the heat exchange medium during transportation.

[0064] Please see Figure 16As shown, in some embodiments, the third connecting pipe 310 is located above the transformer cabinet 30, the third interface 301 is located on the top wall of the transformer cabinet 30, and the fourth interface 302 is located on the side wall of the transformer cabinet 30. That is, the third connecting pipe 310 connects to the top wall of the transformer cabinet 30 from above, the heat exchange medium enters the transformer cabinet 30 from the top, and flows out from the side wall. This arrangement is suitable for situations where the space at the bottom of the transformer cabinet 30 is limited or where other pipelines already exist under the foundation L. Utilizing the space above for pipeline connection facilitates installation and maintenance. Simultaneously, the heat exchange medium flows downwards through the interior of the transformer cabinet 30, which can intersect with the natural upward direction of the hot air inside the cabinet, improving heat exchange uniformity.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0066] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that, include: The compressor (10), reversing valve (11), first heat exchanger (12), electromagnetic expansion valve (13) and second heat exchanger (14) are provided. The first heat exchanger (12) has a first heat exchange channel (121) and a second heat exchange channel (122) that exchange heat with each other. The second heat exchanger (14) has a third heat exchange channel (141) and a fourth heat exchange channel (142) that exchange heat with each other. The compressor (10), reversing valve (11), first heat exchange channel (121), electromagnetic expansion valve (13) and third heat exchange channel (141) are connected by pipelines to form a closed refrigerant circuit (100). The battery cabinet assembly (20) has a first interface (201) and a second interface (202). The transformer cabinet (30) has a third interface (301) and a fourth interface (302). The valve assembly (40) has a first valve port (401), a second valve port (402), a third valve port (403), and a fourth valve port (404). The fourth heat exchange channel (142) is connected to the first interface (201) and the first valve port (401), the second valve port (402) is connected to the second interface (202), the third valve port (403) is connected to the third interface (301), and the fourth valve port (404) is connected to the fourth interface (302). The valve assembly (40) is used to control the opening and closing of the second valve port (402) and the third valve port (403), and the opening and closing of the first valve port (401) and the fourth valve port (404).

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve assembly (40) has a fifth valve port (405) and a sixth valve port (406), which are respectively connected to the external environment; The valve assembly (40) is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve port (401) and the fifth valve port (405), and the opening and closing of the fourth valve port (404) and the sixth valve port (406).

3. The thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second heat exchanger (14) also has a first heat exchange section (143) configured to exchange heat with the fourth heat exchange channel (142).

4. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heat exchanger (12) also has a second heat exchange section (123), which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel (122); The valve assembly (40) also has a seventh valve port (407) and an eighth valve port (408), one end of the second heat exchange channel (122) is connected to the seventh valve port (407), and the other end of the second heat exchange channel (122) is connected to the eighth valve port (408); The valve assembly (40) is used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port (402) and the third valve port (403), the fourth valve port (404) and the seventh valve port (407), and the eighth valve port (408) and the first valve port (401).

5. The thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a data center cabinet (50), which has a fifth interface (501) and a sixth interface (502). The fifth interface (501) is connected to the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel (142) and the first interface (201) through a first connecting pipe (510). The valve assembly (40) also has a ninth valve port (409) which is connected to the sixth interface (502); The valve assembly (40) is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port (402) and the third valve port (403), and between the ninth valve port (409) and the third valve port (403); Alternatively, the valve assembly (40) is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the second valve port (402) and the third valve port (403), and between the ninth valve port (409) and the second valve port (402).

6. The thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a distributor (60), which has a first port (601), a second port (602) and a third port (603). The first port (601) and the second port (602) are connected in series on the connecting pipe between the fourth heat exchange channel (142) and the first interface (201). The third port (603) is connected to the fifth interface (501) through the first connecting pipe (510).

7. The thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The valve assembly (40) also has a tenth valve port (410), and the fifth interface (501) is connected to the tenth valve port (410) via a second connecting pipe (520). The first heat exchanger (12) also has a second heat exchange section (123), which is configured to exchange heat with the second heat exchange channel (122); The valve assembly (40) also has a seventh valve port (407) and an eighth valve port (408), one end of the second heat exchange channel (122) is connected to the seventh valve port (407), and the other end of the second heat exchange channel (122) is connected to the eighth valve port (408); The valve assembly (40) is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve port (401) and the fourth valve port (404), the second valve port (402) and the third valve port (403), the ninth valve port (409) and the seventh valve port (407), and the tenth valve port (410) and the eighth valve port (408).

8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a third heat exchanger (70), which has a fifth heat exchange channel (701) and a sixth heat exchange channel (702). The valve assembly (40) has a fifth valve port (405) and a sixth valve port (406), which are respectively connected to the external environment; The fifth heat exchange channel (701) is connected in series or in parallel with the third heat exchange channel (141), and the sixth heat exchange channel (702) is connected to the fourth heat exchange channel (142) and the first interface (201). The valve assembly (40) is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve port (401) and the second valve port (402), the tenth valve port (410) and the fifth valve port (405), the fourth valve port (404) and the sixth valve port (406), and the third valve port (403) and the ninth valve port (409).

9. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth heat exchange channel (142) and the second heat exchange channel (122) are both configured as heat exchange air ducts.

10. The thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The valve assembly (40) includes a first multi-way valve (41) having a first valve port (401), a second valve port (402), a third valve port (403), a fourth valve port (404), a fifth valve port (405), and a sixth valve port (406).

11. The thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The valve assembly (40) includes a first multi-way valve (41) and a second multi-way valve (42). The first multi-way valve (41) has a first valve port (401), a second valve port (402) and a third valve port (403). The second multi-way valve (42) has a fourth valve port (404), a fifth valve port (405) and a sixth valve port (406).

12. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cabinet group (20) includes multiple battery cabinets (21), each of the battery cabinets (21) having the first interface (201) and the second interface (202). There are multiple second heat exchangers (14), each of the battery cabinets (21) is provided with a second heat exchanger (14), and each of the first interfaces (201) is connected to a fourth heat exchange channel (142).

13. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system further includes a third connecting pipe (310), which connects the third valve port (403) and the third interface (301). The third connecting pipe (310) is buried under the foundation (L), the third interface (301) is opened on the bottom wall or side wall of the transformer cabinet (30), and the third interface (301) is located below the fourth interface (302). Alternatively, the third connecting pipe (310) is located above the transformer cabinet (30), the third interface (301) is located on the top wall of the transformer cabinet (30), and the fourth interface (302) is located on the side wall of the transformer cabinet (30).

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