Salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined field motor

Abstract

The application discloses a salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor, and belongs to the technical field of motor and electric appliance of electric vehicles. The motor comprises a front end cover, a rear end cover, a casing, a hybrid excitation rotor and a stator. The hybrid excitation rotor is composed of a salient pole electric excitation rotor and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet poles. Electric excitation windings are sleeved on T-shaped salient pole poles outside a rotor core. The inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet poles are composed of permanent magnet steels embedded in T-shaped salient pole transverse slot and multiple sets of magnetic separation air gaps. The permanent magnet poles are asymmetrically distributed. The magnetic flux path of each pole is constrained by the corresponding magnetic separation air gap. The total magnetic field of each pole is formed by superposition of multiple segment magnetic fields. The application effectively reduces the cogging torque of the motor, reduces torque ripple, improves the stability and output performance of the motor operation, improves the utilization rate of the permanent magnet steel, and reduces the manufacturing cost of the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle motor and electrical technology, and in particular to a motor that combines salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic fields. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, permanent magnet drive motors have become the mainstream drive device for electric vehicles due to their advantages such as high power density and high efficiency. Currently, most permanent magnet drive motor rotors used in electric vehicles adopt a symmetrical magnetic pole structure. While this improves the magnetic field strength of the motor to some extent, it also has significant drawbacks: the symmetrical magnetic pole structure results in low magnetic field utilization of the permanent magnet steel, requiring more permanent magnet steel to achieve the required magnetic field strength, significantly increasing the manufacturing cost of the drive motor and reducing its cost-effectiveness; simultaneously, the uniform magnetic field generated by the symmetrical magnetic poles produces a large cogging torque, leading to significant torque pulsation during motor operation, poor running stability, and limited output performance, thus requiring further improvement in its performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor, which can realize the coordinated adjustment of the air gap magnetic field, improve the magnetic field strength and power density, effectively reduce cogging torque and torque pulsation, improve the motor's running stability and output performance, and reduce manufacturing costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor, including a front end cover, a rear end cover, a housing, a hybrid excitation rotor, and a stator. The hybrid excitation rotor is composed of a salient pole electromagnetic rotor and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet poles. The salient pole electrically excited rotor includes a shaft and a rotor core covering the outside of the shaft. The outside of the rotor core is configured with an even number of T-shaped salient poles. The pole body of the T-shaped salient poles is fitted with an electrically excited winding. The upper edge of the transverse part of all T-shaped salient poles is an arc and located on the same circumference. The lower edge of the transverse part of all T-shaped salient poles is a straight line and tangent to the same circumference. The asymmetrical permanent magnet poles between poles are composed of permanent magnet steel of different shapes and magnetic isolation air gaps of different structures embedded in the slots of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. The N pole and the S pole are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotor and the permanent magnet poles are structurally asymmetrical. The magnetic flux path of each pole is constrained by the corresponding magnetic isolation air gap. The total magnetic field of each pole is composed of several sub-magnetic fields.

[0005] Preferably, the first N pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes a first rectangular permanent magnet, a second rectangular permanent magnet, a third rectangular permanent magnet, a fourth rectangular permanent magnet, a fifth rectangular permanent magnet, a sixth rectangular permanent magnet, a first herringbone-shaped magnetic isolation air gap, a first magnetic isolation air gap, a second magnetic isolation air gap, a third magnetic isolation air gap, and a fourth magnetic isolation air gap; The first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is located on the center line of the first N magnetic pole near the outer circle of the rotor lamination and penetrates the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The lower left end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is connected to the third rectangular slot, and the lower right end is connected to the fourth rectangular slot. Both the third and fourth rectangular slots penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination and their widths are greater than the widths of the corresponding connected magnetic air gap ends. Their lower ends are not connected to the lower edge of the transverse part of the T-shaped convex pole. The third magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the fifth rectangular slot. The fourth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the sixth rectangular slot. Both the third and fourth magnetic isolation air gaps penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination. Their widths are both smaller than the width of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the lower end of the corresponding rectangular slots, and the lowest end of the inner end is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the corresponding rectangular slot. The first magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the fifth rectangular slot, and the second magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the sixth rectangular slot. The center lines of both gaps are parallel to the center line of the first N magnetic pole, and their upper ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The right end of the first magnetic isolation air gap is connected to the first rectangular slot arranged tangentially through the eighteenth rectangular slot, and the right end of the first rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone magnetic isolation air gap through the nineteenth rectangular slot. The left end of the second magnetic isolation air gap is connected to the second rectangular slot arranged tangentially through the twentieth rectangular slot, and the left end of the second rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone magnetic isolation air gap through the twenty-first rectangular slot. The first, second, third, and fourth rectangular permanent magnets all have N pole polarity on their upper end faces and are placed in the first, second, third, and fourth rectangular slots, respectively. The fifth rectangular permanent magnet has N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the fifth rectangular slot. The sixth rectangular permanent magnet has N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the sixth rectangular slot.

[0006] Preferably, the first S-pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes a seventh rectangular permanent magnet, an eighth rectangular permanent magnet, a ninth rectangular permanent magnet, a tile-shaped permanent magnet, a fifth magnetic isolation air gap, a sixth magnetic isolation air gap, and a seventh magnetic isolation air gap; The fifth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the adjacent T-shaped salient pole through the seventh rectangular slot, and the sixth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the eighth rectangular slot. Both of them penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their widths are smaller than the width of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the lower side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. There are two ninth rectangular slots with an inverted V-shape structure between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the seventh rectangular slot. There is a tile-shaped slot between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the eighth rectangular slot. Both the ninth rectangular slot and the tile-shaped slot penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their outer ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The seventh magnetic isolation gap has a tangential structure and is located near the bottom of the transverse part of the T-shaped convex pole and between the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps. Its two ends are not connected to the inner ends of the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps, and its lower end is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the inner ends of the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps. The seventh rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the seventh rectangular slot; the eighth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the eighth rectangular slot; two identical ninth rectangular permanent magnets are placed in two inverted V-shaped ninth rectangular slots with opposite sides having S pole polarities; the tile-shaped permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its inner arc surface and is placed in a tile-shaped slot.

[0007] Preferably, the second N magnetic pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes a tenth rectangular permanent magnet, an eleventh rectangular permanent magnet, a twelfth rectangular permanent magnet, a thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet, a second herringbone-shaped magnetic isolation air gap, an eighth magnetic isolation air gap, and a ninth magnetic isolation air gap; The second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is located on the center line of the second N magnetic pole near the outer circle of the rotor lamination, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination, and its lower left and right ends are not connected to the lower edge of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. The eighth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the twelfth rectangular slot, and the ninth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the thirteenth rectangular slot. Both of them penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their widths are smaller than the widths of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the lower ends of the corresponding second herringbone magnetic isolation air gap, and the lowest end of the inner end is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the corresponding lower end of the second herringbone magnetic isolation air gap. The tenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the twelfth rectangular slot, and the eleventh rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the thirteenth rectangular slot. Both slots penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their outer ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination or the outer ends of the adjacent rectangular slots. The inner end of the tenth rectangular slot is connected to the second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap through the twenty-second rectangular slot, and the inner end of the eleventh rectangular slot is connected to the second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap through the twenty-third rectangular slot. The tenth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the tenth rectangular slot; the eleventh rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the eleventh rectangular slot; the twelfth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the twelfth rectangular slot; the thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the thirteenth rectangular slot.

[0008] Preferably, the second S-pole of the asymmetrical permanent magnet pole includes a fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet, a fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet, a sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet, a seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet, a tenth magnetic isolation air gap, an eleventh magnetic isolation air gap, and a twelfth magnetic isolation air gap; The eleventh magnetic gap has a tangential structure and is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the adjacent T-shaped salient pole through the sixteenth rectangular slot. The width of the sixteenth rectangular slot is smaller than the width of the sixteenth rectangular slot. The sixteenth rectangular slot penetrates the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its right end is located to the left of the center line of the second S magnetic pole, its lower end is not connected to the lower side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole, and its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The fourteenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the sixteenth rectangular slot. Its center line in the length direction is parallel to the center line of the second S magnetic pole. Its inner end is connected to the tenth magnetic isolation air gap arranged tangentially through the twenty-fourth rectangular slot. The length of the tenth magnetic isolation air gap is greater than the length of the twenty-fourth rectangular slot. Its right end is located to the left of the center line of the second S magnetic pole. The twelfth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, and its outer end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination; its inner side is arranged opposite to the eleventh magnetic isolation air gap about the center line of the second S magnetic pole through the seventeenth rectangular slot, the seventeenth rectangular slot has a tangential structure, and its center line is on the same straight line as the center line of the eleventh magnetic isolation air gap. The fifteenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the twelfth magnetic air gap, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its outer end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination or the outer end of the twelfth magnetic air gap, and its inner bottom end is on the same straight line as the lower end of the tenth magnetic air gap. The fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the fourteenth rectangular slot; the fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the fifteenth rectangular slot; the sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the sixteenth rectangular slot; the seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its upper end face and is placed in the seventeenth rectangular slot.

[0009] Preferably, the rotor core is formed by stacking and welding rotor laminations with burrs facing the same direction.

[0010] Preferably, all magnetic isolation air gaps extend through the thickness of the rotor laminations, and the width of the magnetic isolation air gap is smaller than the width of the rectangular slot connected to it.

[0011] Therefore, the beneficial effects of the present invention employing the above-mentioned salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor are as follows: (1) The present invention achieves high magnetic field strength and power density, and the magnetic field is adjustable, which can adapt to the operating requirements of electric vehicles under different working conditions.

[0012] (2) The asymmetrical permanent magnet poles of the present invention adopt an asymmetrical structure, and with the constraint of multiple sets of magnetic isolation air gaps on the magnetic flux path, the total magnetic field of each magnetic pole is composed of multiple sub-magnetic fields, which effectively reduces the cogging torque, reduces torque pulsation, and significantly improves the smoothness of motor operation and output performance.

[0013] (3) The magnetic gap design of the present invention can effectively suppress the leakage of permanent magnet steel, greatly improve the utilization rate of permanent magnet steel, reduce the amount of permanent magnet steel used, reduce the manufacturing cost of motor, and improve the cost performance of product.

[0014] (4) The present invention has a simple overall structure, is easy to install, has high reliability, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and can be widely used in the drive systems of various electric vehicles.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a combined salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rotor cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a combined salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure Labels 1. Rear end cover; 2. Shaft; 3. Rotor core; 4. Stator; 5. Housing; 6. First rectangular permanent magnet; 7. Third rectangular permanent magnet; 8. Front end cover; 9. Seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet; 10. Fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet; 11. Second rectangular permanent magnet; 12. Fourth rectangular permanent magnet; 13. Fifth rectangular permanent magnet; 14. Sixth rectangular permanent magnet; 15. Seventh rectangular permanent magnet; 16. Eighth rectangular permanent magnet; 17. Ninth rectangular permanent magnet; 18. Tile-shaped permanent magnet; 19. Tenth rectangular permanent magnet; 20. Eleventh rectangular permanent magnet; 21. Tenth 22. Two rectangular permanent magnets; 23. Thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet; 24. Fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet; 25. Sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet; 26. First herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap; 27. First magnetic air gap; 28. Second magnetic air gap; 29. ​​Third magnetic air gap; 30. Fourth magnetic air gap; 31. Fifth magnetic air gap; 32. Sixth magnetic air gap; 33. Seventh magnetic air gap; 34. Second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap; 35. Eighth magnetic air gap; 36. Ninth magnetic air gap; 37. Tenth magnetic air gap; 38. Eleventh magnetic air gap; 39. Twelfth magnetic air gap. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0020] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor, including a front cover 8, a rear cover 1, a housing 5, a hybrid excitation rotor and a stator 4. The stator 4 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the housing 5. The hybrid excitation rotor is supported between the front cover 8 and the rear cover 1 by bearings. The front cover 8 and the rear cover 1 are respectively fixed to both ends of the housing 5 by bolts.

[0021] The hybrid excitation rotor consists of a salient-pole electrically excited rotor and asymmetrical permanent magnet poles. The salient-pole electrically excited rotor includes a shaft 2 and a rotor core 3 covering the outside of the shaft 2. The outer side of the rotor core 3 is configured with an even number of T-shaped salient poles, and an electrically excited winding is fitted on the pole body of the T-shaped salient poles. The rotor core 3 is formed by stacking and welding rotor laminations with burrs facing the same direction. In this embodiment, the rotor core 3 has 8 T-shaped salient poles evenly distributed (an even number, the number of poles can be adjusted according to actual needs). The upper edge of the transverse portion of all T-shaped salient poles is an arc and on the same circumference, and the lower edge of the transverse portion of all T-shaped salient poles is a straight line and tangent to the same circumference.

[0022] The asymmetric permanent magnet poles are composed of permanent magnets of different shapes embedded in the slots of the transverse portion of the T-shaped convex pole and magnetically insulating air gaps of different structures. Specifically, they include: first rectangular permanent magnet 6, second rectangular permanent magnet 11, third rectangular permanent magnet 7, fourth rectangular permanent magnet 12, fifth rectangular permanent magnet 13, sixth rectangular permanent magnet 14, seventh rectangular permanent magnet 15, eighth rectangular permanent magnet 16, ninth rectangular permanent magnet 17, tenth rectangular permanent magnet 19, eleventh rectangular permanent magnet 20, twelfth rectangular permanent magnet 21, thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet 22, and tenth rectangular permanent magnet 23. 23. Four rectangular permanent magnets, 10. Fifteenth rectangular permanent magnets, 24. Sixteenth rectangular permanent magnets, 9. Seventeenth rectangular permanent magnets, 18. Tile-shaped permanent magnets, 25. First herringbone magnetic air gap, 33. Second herringbone magnetic air gap, 26. First magnetic air gap, 27. Second magnetic air gap, 28. Third magnetic air gap, 29. Fourth magnetic air gap, 30. Fifth magnetic air gap, 31. Sixth magnetic air gap, 32. Seventh magnetic air gap, 34. Eighth magnetic air gap, 35. Ninth magnetic air gap, 36. Tenth magnetic air gap, 37. Eleventh magnetic air gap, 38.

[0023] A first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination and along the center line of the first N magnetic pole. The upper end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25 is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A third rectangular groove, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the lower left end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25. The upper end of the third rectangular groove is connected to the lower left end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25, and the width of the third rectangular groove is greater than the width of the lower left end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25. The lower end of the third rectangular groove is not connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. A fourth rectangular groove, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the lower right end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25. The upper end of the fourth rectangular groove is connected to the lower right end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25, and the width of the fourth rectangular groove is greater than the width of the lower right end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25. The lower end of the fourth rectangular groove is not connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole.

[0024] A fifth rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. The outer end of the fifth rectangular slot is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A third magnetic isolation air gap 28, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the inner end of the fifth rectangular slot. The outer end of the third magnetic isolation air gap 28 is connected to the inner end of the fifth rectangular slot, and the width of the third magnetic isolation air gap 28 is smaller than the width of the fifth rectangular slot. The inner end of the third magnetic isolation air gap 28 is not connected to the lower end of the third rectangular slot, nor is it connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. The lowest point of the inner end of the third magnetic isolation air gap 28 is on the same straight line as the lowest point of the third rectangular slot.

[0025] A sixth rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. The outer end of the sixth rectangular slot is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A fourth magnetic isolation air gap 29, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the inner end of the sixth rectangular slot. The outer end of the fourth magnetic isolation air gap 29 is connected to the inner end of the sixth rectangular slot, and the width of the fourth magnetic isolation air gap 29 is smaller than the width of the sixth rectangular slot. The inner end of the fourth magnetic isolation air gap 29 is not connected to the lower end of the fourth rectangular slot, nor is it connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. The lowest point of the inner end of the fourth magnetic isolation air gap 29 is on the same straight line as the lowest point of the fourth rectangular slot.

[0026] A first magnetic isolation air gap 26, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the fifth rectangular slot. The center line of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26 along its length is parallel to the center line of the first N magnetic pole, and the upper end of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26 is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. An eighteenth rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the right end of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26. The lower end of the eighteenth rectangular slot is on the same straight line as the lower end of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26, and the left end of the eighteenth rectangular slot is connected to the right end of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26. The length of the eighteenth rectangular slot is less than the length of the first magnetic isolation air gap 26. A first rectangular slot with a tangential structure, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the right end of the eighteenth rectangular slot. The left end of the first rectangular slot is connected to the right end of the eighteenth rectangular slot, and the width of the first rectangular slot is greater than the length of the eighteenth rectangular slot. A nineteenth rectangular slot is provided at the right end of the first rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination. The left end of the nineteenth rectangular slot is connected to the right end of the first rectangular slot, and the length of the nineteenth rectangular slot is less than the width of the first rectangular slot. The right end of the nineteenth rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 25.

[0027] A second magnetic isolation air gap 27, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the sixth rectangular slot. The center line of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27 along its length is parallel to the center line of the first N magnetic pole, and the upper end of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27 is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A twentieth rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the left end of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27. The lower end of the twentieth rectangular slot is on the same straight line as the lower end of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27, and the right end of the twentieth rectangular slot is connected to the left end of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27. The length of the twentieth rectangular slot is less than the length of the second magnetic isolation air gap 27. A second rectangular slot with a tangential structure, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the left end of the twentieth rectangular slot. The right end of the second rectangular slot is connected to the left end of the twentieth rectangular slot, and the width of the second rectangular slot is greater than its length. A 21st rectangular slot is provided at the left end of the second rectangular slot, which penetrates the thickness of the rotor lamination. The right end of the 21st rectangular slot is connected to the left end of the second rectangular slot, and the length of the 21st rectangular slot is less than the width of the second rectangular slot. The left end of the 21st rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone magnetic air gap 25.

[0028] A first rectangular permanent magnet 6 with an N pole on its upper end face is placed in the first rectangular slot. A second rectangular permanent magnet 11 with an N pole on its upper end face is placed in the second rectangular slot. A third rectangular permanent magnet 7 with an N pole on its upper end face is placed in the third rectangular slot. A fourth rectangular permanent magnet 12 with an N pole on its upper end face is placed in the fourth rectangular slot. A fifth rectangular permanent magnet 13 with an N pole on its right end face is placed in the fifth rectangular slot. A sixth rectangular permanent magnet 14 with an N pole on its left end face is placed in the sixth rectangular slot, thus forming the first N pole of the permanent magnet rotor.

[0029] A seventh rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is located on the left side of the transverse portion of another adjacent T-shaped salient pole in a clockwise direction, between the center line of the first S-pole and near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. The outer end of the seventh rectangular slot is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A fifth magnetic isolation gap 30, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is located at the inner end of the seventh rectangular slot. The outer end of the fifth magnetic isolation gap 30 is connected to the inner end of the seventh rectangular slot, and the width of the fifth magnetic isolation gap 30 is smaller than the width of the seventh rectangular slot. The inner end of the fifth magnetic isolation gap 30 is not connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole.

[0030] An eighth rectangular slot, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided on the right side of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole, between the center line of the first S-pole and near the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. The outer end of the eighth rectangular slot is not connected to the outer circumference of the rotor lamination. A sixth magnetic isolation gap 31, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided at the inner end of the eighth rectangular slot. The outer end of the sixth magnetic isolation gap 31 is connected to the inner end of the eighth rectangular slot, and the width of the sixth magnetic isolation gap 31 is smaller than the width of the eighth rectangular slot. The inner end of the sixth magnetic isolation gap 31 is not connected to the lower edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole.

[0031] Near the outer circle of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the seventh rectangular slot, there are two ninth rectangular slots with an inverted V-shape structure that penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination. The outer ends of the two ninth rectangular slots with the inverted V-shape structure are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination, and the inner ends of the two ninth rectangular slots with the inverted V-shape structure are not connected. The outer end of the ninth rectangular slot on the left side of the two ninth rectangular slots with the inverted V-shape structure is not connected to the outer end of the seventh rectangular slot, and the outer end of the ninth rectangular slot on the right side of the two ninth rectangular slots with the inverted V-shape structure is to the left of the center line of the first S magnetic pole.

[0032] A tile-shaped groove penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination is provided near the outer circle of the rotor lamination and between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the eighth rectangular groove. The inner arc surface of the tile-shaped groove faces the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The outer end of the tile-shaped groove is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The leftmost end of the tile-shaped groove is to the right of the center line of the first S magnetic pole, and the rightmost end of the tile-shaped groove is not connected to the outer end of the eighth rectangular groove.

[0033] A seventh magnetic air gap 32, which is tangentially oriented through the thickness of the rotor lamination, is provided near the bottom of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole and between the fifth magnetic air gap 30 and the sixth magnetic air gap 31. The left end of the seventh magnetic air gap 32 is not connected to the inner end of the fifth magnetic air gap 30, and the right end of the seventh magnetic air gap 32 is not connected to the inner end of the sixth magnetic air gap 31. The upper end of the seventh magnetic air gap 32 is not connected to the inner ends of the two ninth rectangular slots and the tile-shaped slots that are inverted V-shaped structures. The lower end of the seventh magnetic air gap 32 is not connected to the bottom edge of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole. The lower end of the seventh magnetic air gap 32 is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the inner end of the fifth magnetic air gap 30 and the lowest end of the inner end of the sixth magnetic air gap 31.

[0034] The seventh rectangular permanent magnet 15 with the S pole polarity on its right end face is placed in the seventh rectangular slot. The eighth rectangular permanent magnet 16 with the S pole polarity on its left end face is placed in the eighth rectangular slot. Two identical ninth rectangular permanent magnets 17 are placed in the two ninth rectangular slots with an inverted V-shape structure, with the opposite sides of the two ninth rectangular permanent magnets 17 having the S pole polarity. The tile-shaped permanent magnet 18 with the S pole polarity on its inner arc surface is placed in the tile-shaped slot to form the first S pole of the permanent magnet rotor.

[0035] Based on the aforementioned structural forms of the first N-pole and the first S-pole, second N-pole, second S-pole, ... fourth N-pole, fourth S-pole are sequentially arranged on the remaining T-shaped salient poles to form an asymmetrical permanent magnet rotor with N-pole and S-pole arrangement. The structure of the second N-pole is similar to that of the first N-pole, including a tenth rectangular permanent magnet 19, an eleventh rectangular permanent magnet 20, a twelfth rectangular permanent magnet 21, a thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet 22, a second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap 33, an eighth magnetic air gap 34, and a ninth magnetic air gap 35. The structure of the second S-pole differs from that of the first S-pole, including a fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet 23, a fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet 10, a sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet 24, a seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet 9, and tenth magnetic air gaps 36, eleventh magnetic air gaps 37, and twelfth magnetic air gaps 38, thereby achieving structural asymmetry between the permanent magnet poles.

[0036] In this embodiment, all permanent magnets are made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, which has the characteristics of high remanence and high coercivity, and can provide a stable permanent magnet magnetic field. All magnetic isolation air gaps are air gaps, which utilize the low magnetic permeability of air to effectively block leakage magnetic paths and improve the magnetic field utilization rate of the permanent magnets.

[0037] During motor assembly, the rotor laminations are first stacked and welded to form the rotor core 3. Then, each permanent magnet is embedded into the corresponding slot according to the specified polarity and position. Next, the rotor core 3 is connected to the shaft 2 with an interference fit. Then, the electric excitation winding is fitted onto the T-shaped salient pole body to complete the assembly of the hybrid excitation rotor. After that, the stator 4 is pressed into the housing 5, and the hybrid excitation rotor is installed into the inner cavity of the stator 4. Finally, the front cover 8 and the rear cover 1 are installed, and the rotor rotation is supported by bearings.

[0038] When the motor is running, a direct current is applied to the electrically excited winding to generate an excitation magnetic field. The permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet steel and the excitation magnetic field are superimposed in the air gap to form a composite magnetic field that drives the motor to rotate. By changing the magnitude of the current in the electrically excited winding, the strength of the composite magnetic field can be adjusted; by changing the direction of the current, the composite magnetic field can be reversed, thereby meeting the torque and speed requirements of the motor under different driving conditions of electric vehicles. Due to the asymmetrical structure of the rotor poles, combined with the constraint of the magnetic flux path by multiple sets of magnetically insulating air gaps, the distribution of the air gap magnetic field is more reasonable, the cogging torque is significantly reduced, the torque pulsation during motor operation is greatly reduced, the operation is smoother, and the output torque is more stable.

[0039] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor, which achieves high magnetic field strength and power density, and the magnetic field is adjustable. At the same time, it effectively reduces cogging torque and torque pulsation, making the motor run more smoothly and significantly improving output performance. In addition, the utilization rate of permanent magnet steel is high, which reduces the motor manufacturing cost.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A salient pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined field machine, characterized by: It includes a front cover, a rear cover, a housing, a hybrid excitation rotor, and a stator, characterized in that: the hybrid excitation rotor is composed of a salient pole electrically excited rotor and asymmetric permanent magnet poles between poles; The salient pole electrically excited rotor includes a shaft and a rotor core covering the outside of the shaft. The outside of the rotor core is configured with an even number of T-shaped salient poles. The pole body of the T-shaped salient poles is fitted with an electrically excited winding. The upper edge of the transverse part of all T-shaped salient poles is an arc and located on the same circumference. The lower edge of the transverse part of all T-shaped salient poles is a straight line and tangent to the same circumference. The asymmetrical permanent magnet poles between poles are composed of permanent magnet steel of different shapes and magnetic isolation air gaps of different structures embedded in the slots of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. The N pole and the S pole are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the rotor and the permanent magnet poles are structurally asymmetrical. The magnetic flux path of each pole is constrained by the corresponding magnetic isolation air gap. The total magnetic field of each pole is composed of several sub-magnetic fields.

2. The salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first N pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes a first rectangular permanent magnet, a second rectangular permanent magnet, a third rectangular permanent magnet, a fourth rectangular permanent magnet, a fifth rectangular permanent magnet, a sixth rectangular permanent magnet, a first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap, a first magnetic air gap, a second magnetic air gap, a third magnetic air gap, and a fourth magnetic air gap; The first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is located on the center line of the first N magnetic pole near the outer circle of the rotor lamination and penetrates the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The lower left end of the first herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is connected to the third rectangular slot, and the lower right end is connected to the fourth rectangular slot. Both the third and fourth rectangular slots penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination and their widths are greater than the widths of the corresponding connected magnetic air gap ends. Their lower ends are not connected to the lower edge of the transverse part of the T-shaped convex pole. The third magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the fifth rectangular slot. The fourth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the sixth rectangular slot. Both the third and fourth magnetic isolation air gaps penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination. Their widths are both smaller than the width of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the lower end of the corresponding rectangular slots, and the lowest end of the inner end is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the corresponding rectangular slot. The first magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the fifth rectangular slot, and the second magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first N magnetic pole and the sixth rectangular slot. The center lines of both gaps are parallel to the center line of the first N magnetic pole, and their upper ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The right end of the first magnetic isolation air gap is connected to the first rectangular slot arranged tangentially through the eighteenth rectangular slot, and the right end of the first rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone magnetic isolation air gap through the nineteenth rectangular slot. The left end of the second magnetic isolation air gap is connected to the second rectangular slot arranged tangentially through the twentieth rectangular slot, and the left end of the second rectangular slot is connected to the first herringbone magnetic isolation air gap through the twenty-first rectangular slot. The first, second, third, and fourth rectangular permanent magnets all have N pole polarity on their upper end faces and are placed in the first, second, third, and fourth rectangular slots, respectively. The fifth rectangular permanent magnet has N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the fifth rectangular slot. The sixth rectangular permanent magnet has N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the sixth rectangular slot.

3. The salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet combined magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first S pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes a seventh rectangular permanent magnet, an eighth rectangular permanent magnet, a ninth rectangular permanent magnet, a tile-shaped permanent magnet, a fifth magnetic isolation air gap, a sixth magnetic isolation air gap, and a seventh magnetic isolation air gap; The fifth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the adjacent T-shaped salient pole through the seventh rectangular slot, and the sixth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the eighth rectangular slot. Both of them penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their widths are smaller than the width of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the lower side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. There are two ninth rectangular slots with an inverted V-shape structure between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the seventh rectangular slot. There is a tile-shaped slot between the center line of the first S magnetic pole and the eighth rectangular slot. Both the ninth rectangular slot and the tile-shaped slot penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their outer ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The seventh magnetic isolation gap has a tangential structure and is located near the bottom of the transverse part of the T-shaped convex pole and between the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps. Its two ends are not connected to the inner ends of the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps, and its lower end is on the same straight line as the lowest end of the inner ends of the fifth and sixth magnetic isolation gaps. The seventh rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the seventh rectangular slot; the eighth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the eighth rectangular slot; two identical ninth rectangular permanent magnets are placed in two inverted V-shaped ninth rectangular slots with opposite sides having S pole polarities; the tile-shaped permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its inner arc surface and is placed in a tile-shaped slot.

4. A combined salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second N magnetic pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes the tenth rectangular permanent magnet steel, the eleventh rectangular permanent magnet steel, the twelfth rectangular permanent magnet steel, the thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet steel, the second herringbone-shaped magnetic isolation air gap, the eighth magnetic isolation air gap, and the ninth magnetic isolation air gap; The second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap is located on the center line of the second N magnetic pole near the outer circle of the rotor lamination, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination, and its lower left and right ends are not connected to the lower edge of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole. The eighth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the twelfth rectangular slot, and the ninth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole through the thirteenth rectangular slot. Both of them penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their widths are smaller than the widths of the corresponding connected rectangular slots. Their inner ends are not connected to the corresponding lower ends of the second herringbone magnetic isolation air gap, and the lowest inner end is on the same straight line as the lowest lower end of the corresponding lower end of the second herringbone magnetic isolation air gap. The tenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the twelfth rectangular slot, and the eleventh rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second N magnetic pole and the thirteenth rectangular slot. Both slots penetrate the thickness of the rotor lamination, and their outer ends are not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination or the outer ends of the adjacent rectangular slots. The inner end of the tenth rectangular slot is connected to the second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap through the twenty-second rectangular slot, and the inner end of the eleventh rectangular slot is connected to the second herringbone-shaped magnetic air gap through the twenty-third rectangular slot. The tenth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the tenth rectangular slot; the eleventh rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the eleventh rectangular slot; the twelfth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the twelfth rectangular slot; the thirteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an N pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the thirteenth rectangular slot.

5. A combined salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second S pole of the asymmetric permanent magnet pole includes the fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet, the fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet, the sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet, the seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet, the tenth magnetic isolation air gap, the eleventh magnetic isolation air gap, and the twelfth magnetic isolation air gap; The eleventh magnetic gap has a tangential structure and is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the left side of the transverse part of the adjacent T-shaped salient pole through the sixteenth rectangular slot. The width of the sixteenth rectangular slot is smaller than the width of the sixteenth rectangular slot. The sixteenth rectangular slot penetrates the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its right end is located to the left of the center line of the second S magnetic pole, its lower end is not connected to the lower side of the transverse part of the T-shaped salient pole, and its upper end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination. The fourteenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the sixteenth rectangular slot. Its center line in the length direction is parallel to the center line of the second S magnetic pole. Its inner end is connected to the tenth magnetic isolation air gap arranged tangentially through the twenty-fourth rectangular slot. The length of the tenth magnetic isolation air gap is greater than the length of the twenty-fourth rectangular slot. Its right end is located to the left of the center line of the second S magnetic pole. The twelfth magnetic isolation air gap is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the right side of the transverse portion of the T-shaped salient pole, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination, and its outer end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination; its inner side is arranged opposite to the eleventh magnetic isolation air gap about the center line of the second S magnetic pole through the seventeenth rectangular slot, the seventeenth rectangular slot has a tangential structure, and its center line is on the same straight line as the center line of the eleventh magnetic isolation air gap. The fifteenth rectangular slot is located between the center line of the second S magnetic pole and the twelfth magnetic air gap, penetrating the thickness of the rotor lamination. Its outer end is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor lamination or the outer end of the twelfth magnetic air gap, and its inner bottom end is on the same straight line as the lower end of the tenth magnetic air gap. The fourteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the fourteenth rectangular slot; the fifteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its left end face and is placed in the fifteenth rectangular slot; the sixteenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its right end face and is placed in the sixteenth rectangular slot; the seventeenth rectangular permanent magnet has an S pole polarity on its upper end face and is placed in the seventeenth rectangular slot.

6. A combined salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor core is made by stacking and welding rotor laminations with burrs facing the same direction.

7. A combined salient-pole electromagnetic and inter-pole asymmetric permanent magnet magnetic field motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: All magnetic isolation air gaps extend through the thickness of the rotor laminations, and the width of the magnetic isolation air gap is smaller than the width of the rectangular slot connected to it.

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