Measuring devices for in-vehicle networks used in motor vehicles, in-vehicle networks, motor vehicles

Abstract

A measuring device (70) for an in-vehicle network (61) of a motor vehicle (50) includes: an input line (71) for loading electrical energy onto the in-vehicle network and / or components (65) of the in-vehicle network; a structural element (72) configured as an inductor (72a) or a capacitor (72b); an ohmic measuring resistor (73) connected in series with the structural element; a comparator (74) configured to compare a measured voltage (UM) applied to the measuring resistor with a reference voltage (UR) and then output a comparison signal (80); and a data processing device (51) configured to adapt a sampling rate (FS) by means of the comparison signal; the structural element is connected to the input line such that a time change in electrical parameters (U, I) characterizing electrical energy causes a change in the measured voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a measuring device for an in-vehicle network for a motor vehicle. This disclosure also relates to an in-vehicle network for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As is known in the prior art, motor vehicles are equipped with analog measurement techniques to monitor the vehicle's onboard network, its components, and / or structural parts. Here, voltage, electrical demand (e.g., the electrical demand of one or more components), and the temperature of the power supply lines can be detected at different locations or measurement points within the energy onboard network. In particular, relatively high sampling rates may be required for the accurate detection of dynamic processes and / or transients, especially in the detection of current and voltage. However, dynamic processes important for the design of energy onboard networks do not persist during vehicle operation, for example, not throughout the entire journey, but rather occur, for example, during brief peak load scenarios and / or periods of load variation.

[0003] WO2023 / 174631A1 discloses an electrified motor vehicle including a high-voltage memory, at least one electric motor, power electronics, a DC / DC converter, and an electronic evaluation unit. This electronic evaluation unit is used for central, component-specific energy monitoring of defined components in a low-voltage on-board network and / or defined components in a high-voltage on-board network. Here, the evaluation unit is configured to store specific load indicators for each defined component, and the total measurement signal detected outside the defined components for the entire low-voltage on-board network using a (unique) first measurement sensor and / or for the entire high-voltage on-board network using a (unique) second measurement sensor is decomposed using NILM technology to identify the load indicators. Furthermore, the corresponding total measurement signal is removed from the vehicle-specific electrical interference parameters by a defined correction module before decomposition.

[0004] Traditionally, measurements are initiated or triggered, for example, by a threshold, in an oscilloscope. Accordingly, when the threshold is exceeded, measurement recording begins.

[0005] Triggering measurements using digital processes, such as those involving the discrete derivatives of the measured signal and / or specific algorithms, is also known. However, the sampling rate chosen due to the dynamic nature of the process results in measurements being performed at a relatively high sampling rate, even in less dynamic processes and / or in static or quasi-static states. This generally leads to an unnecessarily large amount of data, as the relatively high sampling rate is excessive for less dynamic processes, and / or measuring with a relatively high sampling rate in less dynamic processes results in low availability of usable information. Therefore, it is advantageous to dynamically adapt the sampling rate to reduce the amount of data.

[0006] However, dynamically adapted digital conversion is not necessarily goal-oriented. Due to the computation time required for digital implementation, dynamically adapted digital conversion has a relatively high response time or inertia. This can, for example, make the detection of steep edges in the measured signal difficult and / or delayed, which may also delay the dynamic increase of the sampling rate. Furthermore, the digital conversion is related to the chosen base or minimum sampling rate. Simple threshold detection ignores the highly dynamic component loads in the low-power range, while loads in the high-power range are recorded at high resolution regardless of dynamics. Additionally, threshold-based increases in the sampling rate require additional measurement resistors, such as shunt resistors, and / or resistance measurements on transistors such as MOSFETs, which first need to be analyzed by measurement techniques. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Against the backdrop of the prior art, the object of this disclosure is to describe an apparatus suitable for improving upon the prior art and at least improving upon the aspects of the prior art mentioned above. In particular, the object of this disclosure is to allow for efficient dynamic adaptation of the sampling rate of measurements in motor vehicles.

[0008] The task described is solved by the features of the independent claim. The dependent claims describe extensions of this disclosure.

[0009] Therefore, the task is solved according to one aspect of this disclosure by a measuring device for an in-vehicle network of a motor vehicle, wherein the measuring device comprises: an input line for loading electrical energy onto the in-vehicle network and / or components of the in-vehicle network; a structural element configured as an inductor or capacitor; an ohmic measuring resistor connected in series with the structural element; a comparator configured to compare a measured voltage applied to the measuring resistor with a reference voltage and then output a comparison signal; and a data processing device configured to adapt a sampling rate by means of the comparison signal; wherein the structural element is connected to the input line such that a time change in an electrical parameter characterizing electrical energy causes a change in the measured voltage.

[0010] It is known that a measurement device can dynamically adapt the sampling rate based on a trigger. Here, the trigger can be a comparison signal that can be output by a comparator.

[0011] As is known here, depending on whether it is configured as an inductor or a capacitor, the structural components provide a response to changes in electrical parameters as current or voltage, as reflected in the measured voltage. Here, relatively rapid changes in electrical parameters can be translated into relatively large measured voltages, while relatively slow changes can be translated into relatively low measured voltages. Therefore, by comparing the measured voltage with a reference voltage using a comparator, relatively high or low dynamics can be inferred. Thus, the sampling rate can be selected, for example, proportional to the measured voltage, to achieve a higher sampling rate at higher measured voltages indicating rapid dynamics compared to lower measured voltages indicating slower dynamics. Therefore, defining a base sampling rate is unnecessary. This makes the measuring device reliable and therefore more efficient. This disclosure allows for dynamic adaptation of the sampling rate, particularly based on instantaneous processes in the measured parameters. Here, the conversion is implemented analogously. Therefore, rapid changes or rapid adaptation of the sampling rate are allowed.

[0012] Furthermore, it is known that motor vehicles, including prototypes, pre-production vehicles, and production vehicles, can be equipped with such measuring devices quite easily. Exemplary applications can be achieved using electronic fuses (so-called eFuses), and measurement data can be detected using a sampling rate to be adapted. Therefore, the detection of dynamic measurement data from in-vehicle networks is possible.

[0013] Dynamic adaptation allows the sampling rate to be increased with more dynamic signals and decreased with less dynamic signals; therefore, despite the significant reduction in data volume, improved designs for in-vehicle networks and / or components can be achieved; and / or, consequently, more reliable and comprehensive monitoring can be implemented during vehicle operation. This is particularly important in customer operations or in mass-produced vehicles, where data loggers to store large amounts of data are typically not feasible, and the transmission of measurement data, for example, via mobile radio networks, is relatively expensive.

[0014] Optionally, the structural element and the input line each have an impedance, and the impedance of the structural element is smaller than the impedance of the input line. In other words, the impedance of the structural element should be significantly smaller than the impedance of the input line in the frequency range under consideration, in order to reduce the reaction force on the system to be measured.

[0015] Optionally, the structural element is configured as an inductor; the structural element is connected in series with components of the vehicle network. It is recognized here that the time-varying current in the component, and therefore the time-varying inductance, is proportional to the change in voltage within the inductor, and thus can be proportional to the measured voltage. Therefore, the measured voltage can directly infer the change in current and thus the dynamics, and can serve as a basis for adapting the sampling rate.

[0016] Optionally, the structural element is configured as a capacitor, and the structural element is connected in parallel with the structural components of the vehicle network assembly. It is recognized that the time-varying voltage in the structural component can be proportional to the change in current in the capacitor, and therefore proportional to the measured voltage. Thus, the measured voltage can directly infer the voltage change and thus the dynamics, and can serve as a basis for adapting the sampling rate.

[0017] Optionally, the structural element is connected to the input line such that time changes in electrical parameters characterizing electrical energy cause proportional changes in the measured voltage. It has been recognized that the fundamental characteristics of the structural element, thus converting changes in electrical parameters into voltage across the measuring resistor, can therefore be utilized particularly effectively and interpretably.

[0018] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an in-vehicle network for a motor vehicle is provided, the in-vehicle network including at least one measuring device described above. Optionally, the vehicle arrangement structure has one or more features described as preferred or optional features to achieve the associated technical effects. It is also appreciated here that the in-vehicle network may have multiple measuring devices that are optionally different from each other, such as a measuring device for monitoring the in-vehicle network having a structural element configured as an inductor and a measuring device for monitoring components having a structural element configured as a capacitor.

[0019] Optionally, the vehicle network is configured as a low-voltage network. It has been recognized that low-voltage vehicle networks can be monitored particularly effectively, especially when the low-voltage vehicle network includes an electronic fuse for monitoring the low-voltage vehicle network, and the sampling rate of the electronic fuse is affected by the measuring device.

[0020] Optionally, the input line is configured to load power to the vehicle network; and the structural element is configured as an inductor. Therefore, the vehicle network can be adaptively monitored. Here, the input line is configured as a vehicle network input terminal.

[0021] Optionally, the vehicle network has components; the input line is configured to load electrical energy onto the components; and the structural element is configured as a capacitor. Therefore, the components can be adaptively monitored. Here, the input line is configured as a component input terminal.

[0022] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a motor vehicle is provided, which includes the in-vehicle network described above. Optionally, the in-vehicle network and / or the measuring device of the in-vehicle network have one or more features described as preferred or optional features to achieve the associated technical effects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Below, one embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This illustration shows a motor vehicle according to one aspect of the present disclosure; Figure 2 The schematic diagram illustrates the components of an in-vehicle network and a measuring device, respectively, according to one aspect of this disclosure; and Figure 3 The schematic diagram shows the components of an in-vehicle network and the components of a measuring device, respectively, according to one aspect of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Figure 1 The illustration shows a motor vehicle 50 according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0026] Motor vehicle 50 refers to land vehicles. Motor vehicle 50 refers to passenger cars.

[0027] The motor vehicle 50 has an on-board network 61 configured as a low-voltage network 60. The low-voltage network 50, or low-voltage system, is configured, for example, to operate at an AC voltage of 30V or less (inclusive) or a DC voltage of 60V or less (inclusive). The low-voltage network 60 includes electronic measuring devices and components 65 configured as an electronic fuse 52a (eFuse). In another embodiment (not shown), the motor vehicle 50 may have a different number of electronic measuring devices and / or components 65 than those shown.

[0028] Component 65 may include, for example, a sensor, actuator, and / or controller. Component 65 is configured to be loaded with electrical energy, or, in other words, to be loaded with current when a voltage is applied. Component 65 has a plurality of structural parts 66, the number of which is merely illustrative. The structural parts 66 are electrically connected to each other and can therefore influence each other and determine the function of component 65.

[0029] Electronic fuse 52a is configured to electrically protect component 65 from excessive current and / or voltage. Electronic fuse 52a is configured to detect, as measurement parameters, a time-dependent input current signal, a time-dependent input voltage signal, and optionally a time-dependent temperature signal relating to component 65. The input current signal, for example, represents a time-dependent current I applied to component 65, and the input voltage signal represents a time-dependent voltage U applied to component 65. The temperature signal represents the time-dependent temperature of the component. Here, the temperature signal may relate to one or more measurement points. Here, electronic fuse 52a is configured to perform measurement of the measurement parameters at a sampling rate FS. Here, the sampling rate FS describes the number of measurements per unit of time, for example, the number of measurements per second. Electronic fuse 52a includes and / or is connected to a data processing device 51 in a communication technology (not shown), wherein the data processing device 51 is configured to control the measurement via electronic fuse 52a and, in particular, change or adapt the sampling rate FS.

[0030] Motor vehicle 50 or vehicle-mounted network has measuring device 70, which in Figure 1 This is only partially described. Detailed embodiments of the measuring device 70 are described separately. Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate.

[0031] Figure 2 The schematic diagram shows the components of an in-vehicle network 61 and a measuring device 70, respectively, according to one aspect of this disclosure. Such an in-vehicle network 61 of a motor vehicle 50 is referenced. Figure 1 illustrate. Figure 2 Reference Figure 1 This will be explained in the following circumstances.

[0032] according to Figure 2 The measuring device 70 has an input line 71 for charging the vehicle network 61. The input line 71 is therefore configured to charge the vehicle network 61. Here, the vehicle network 61 may include one or more components 65 (see...). Figure 1 ), they are in Figure 2 Not shown in the figure. Input line 71 here has impedance Z and inductance L, as schematically described by the impedance Z and inductance L in the box indicated by the dashed line in the figure's reference numerals for input line 71.

[0033] The vehicle network 61 can load electrical energy, especially by applying a current I as an electrical parameter. Figure 2 Additionally, a voltage measuring device 67 is displayed, which is configured to measure voltage U as an electrical parameter.

[0034] The measuring device 70 has a structural element 72 configured as an inductor 72a. The inductor 72a includes, for example, a coil and / or a choke. The inductor 72a here has an impedance Z and an inductance L, as schematically described by the impedance Z and inductance L in the box indicated by the dashed lines in the reference numerals of the inductor 72a.

[0035] Furthermore, the measuring device 70 has an ohmic measuring resistor 73 connected in series with the structural element 72. The voltage difference across the inductor 72a is therefore calculated as... Where UM is the measured voltage, R_MI is the ohmic resistance of the measuring resistor 73, I is the current, and dI / dt is the time derivative of the current I. Here, the impedance Z of the structural element 72 is smaller than the impedance Z of the input line 71. The inductance L of the structural element 72 is smaller than the inductance L of the input line 71. Neglecting the ohmic resistance of the structural element 72, the measured voltage UM is proportional to the time change, or derivative, of the current I. The structural element 72 is connected to the component 65 of the vehicle network 61 (in... Figure 2 (Not shown in the figure) connected in series. Therefore, the structural element 72 is connected to the input line 71 such that the time changes of the electrical parameters U and I characterizing electrical energy cause changes in the measured voltage UM. Here, the structural element 72 is connected to the input line 71 such that the time changes of the electrical parameters U and I characterizing electrical energy cause proportional changes in the measured voltage UM.

[0036] The measuring device 70 includes a comparator 74. In one embodiment, the comparator 74 may be configured as an analog-to-digital converter, and / or included within an analog-to-digital converter. The comparator 74 is configured to compare the measured voltage UM applied to the measuring resistor 73 with a reference voltage UR, and then output a comparison signal 80. Here, the comparison signal 80 may be binary: thus, the comparator 74 is configured to output a comparison signal 80 having a first value when the measured voltage UM is greater than the reference voltage UR; and to output a comparison signal 80 having a second value different from the first value when the measured voltage UM is less than the reference voltage UR.

[0037] Data processing device 51 (see Figure 1 The settings are used to receive the comparison signal 80 and adapt the sampling rate FS by means of the comparison signal 80.

[0038] according to Figure 2The measuring device 70 thus allows, for example, the detection of edges and / or gradients by measuring the voltage across a known inductor 72a in the input line 71 of component 65. This can be, for example, an inductor present in the input circuit of component 65 or a small, additionally mounted measuring inductor. The voltage U across the measuring inductor 72a, proportional to the time variation of current I, is detected and rapidly and inexpensively amplified by an optional measuring amplifier (not shown). This optionally amplified measuring voltage UM is compared with a reference voltage UR by a comparator 74. If the reference voltage UR is exceeded, this results in a dynamic increase in the sampling rate FS. Thus, rapid edge detection and a corresponding increase in the sampling rate FS are allowed. By comparing with the reference voltage UR, a determined current variation can be set as a trigger for high-frequency sampling of the measurement parameters.

[0039] Figure 3 The schematic diagram shows the components of component 65 of an in-vehicle network 61 and the components of measurement component 70, respectively, according to one aspect of this disclosure. Such an in-vehicle network 61 and such a component 65 of a motor vehicle 50 are referenced. Figure 1 illustrate. Figure 3 refer to Figure 1 Explanation. Furthermore, Figure 3 refer to Figure 2 Explanation, among which, explanation Figure 2 and Figure 3 The difference between them.

[0040] according to Figure 3 The measuring device 70 has an input line 71 for loading electrical power to the components 65 of the vehicle network 61. The input line 71 is therefore configured to load electrical power to the components 65 of the vehicle network 61. Here, the component 65 may include one or more structural components 66 (see...). Figure 1 ), they are in Figure 3 Not shown in the figure. Here, input line 71 has impedance Z and inductance L, as schematically described by the impedance Z and inductance L in the box indicated by the dashed line in the figure's reference numerals for input line 71.

[0041] Component 65 can be loaded with electrical energy, specifically by applying a current I as an electrical parameter. Furthermore, Figure 3 Display voltage measuring device 67, which is configured to measure voltage U as an electrical parameter.

[0042] The measuring device 70 has a structural element 72 configured as a capacitor 72b. The capacitor 72b has an impedance Z and a capacitance C, as schematically described in a box indicated by dashed lines using the reference numerals for capacitor 72b.

[0043] Furthermore, the measuring device 70 has an ohmic measuring resistor 73 connected in series with the structural element 72. The current difference across the structural element 72 is measured by... The calculations ensure that the current in capacitor 72b is directly proportional to the time change dU / dt of the voltage U of the vehicle network 61. Here, the impedance Z of structural element 72 is smaller than the impedance Z of input line 71. Structural element 72 and structural component 66 of assembly 65 (in...) Figure 3 (Not shown in the image) The capacitor 72b is connected in parallel. The current I_MK in the capacitor 72b causes a current through the measuring resistor 73, and thus causes a measuring voltage UM. Therefore, the structural element 72 is connected to the input line 71 such that the time changes of the electrical parameters U and I characterizing electrical energy cause a change in the measuring voltage UM. Here, the structural element 72 is connected to the input line 71 such that the time changes of the electrical parameters U and I characterizing electrical energy cause a proportional change in the measuring voltage UM.

[0044] Comparator 74 is a reference Figure 2 Comparator 74 is described.

[0045] Edge and / or gradient detection according to Figure 3 The measuring device 70 is implemented by measuring current through a capacitor 72b with a known capacitance C in the input line 71 of component 65 and / or structural part 66 of component 65. This can be, for example, an input capacitor present in the input circuit or an additionally mounted measuring capacitor. The current I through capacitor 72b, proportional to the change in measuring voltage U, is detected and converted into a measuring voltage UM by a subsequent measuring resistor 73. This measuring voltage UM is rapidly and inexpensively amplified by an optional measuring amplifier (not shown). The optionally amplified measuring voltage UM is compared with a reference voltage UR by a comparator 74. If the reference voltage UR is exceeded, this results in a dynamic increase in the sampling rate FS. Thus, rapid edge detection and a corresponding increase in the sampling rate FS are allowed. By comparing with the reference voltage UR, a determined voltage change can be set as a trigger for high-frequency sampling of the measuring parameter.

[0046] List of reference numerals (part of the instruction manual)

[0047] 50 motor vehicles

[0048] 51 Data Processing Device

[0049] 52A electronic fuse

[0050] 60 Low Voltage Networks

[0051] 61. In-vehicle network

[0052] 65 components

[0053] 66 Structural components

[0054] 67 Voltage measuring device

[0055] 70 Measuring device

[0056] 71 Input Lines

[0057] 72 Structural Components

[0058] 72A Inductor

[0059] 72b capacitor

[0060] 73 Measuring Resistance

[0061] 74 comparators

[0062] 80 Comparison Signal

[0063] C capacitor

[0064] FS sampling rate

[0065] I. Electrical parameters, current

[0066] L Inductance

[0067] U Electrical parameters, voltage

[0068] UM voltage measurement

[0069] UR reference voltage

[0070] Z impedance

Claims

1. A measuring device (70) for an on-board network (61) of a motor vehicle (50), wherein, The measuring device (70) has: Input lines (71) for loading electrical energy into the vehicle network (61) and / or the components (65) of the vehicle network (61). Structural element (72) configured as an inductor (72a) or a capacitor (72b); An ohmmeter measuring resistor (73) connected in series with the structural element (72); Comparator (74), the comparator (74) being configured to compare a measured voltage (UM) applied to a measuring resistor (73) with a reference voltage (UR), and then output a comparison signal (80); and A data processing device (51) is configured to adapt the sampling rate (FS) by means of a comparison signal (80). The structural element (72) is connected to the input line (71), such that the time change of the electrical parameters (U, I) characterizing electrical energy causes the change of the measured voltage (UM).

2. The measuring device (70) according to claim 1, wherein, The structural element (72) and the input line (71) each have an impedance (Z), and the impedance (Z) of the structural element (72) is smaller than the impedance (Z) of the input line (71).

3. The measuring device (70) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The structural element (72) is configured as an inductor (72a); and the structural element (72) is connected in series with the components (65) of the vehicle network (61).

4. The measuring device (70) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The structural element (72) is configured as a capacitor (72b); and the structural element (72) is connected in parallel with the structural component (66) of the assembly (65) of the vehicle network (61).

5. The measuring device (70) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The structural element (72) is connected to the input line (71) such that the time change of the parameters (U, I) characterizing electrical energy causes a proportional change in the measured voltage (UM).

6. An in-vehicle network (61) for a motor vehicle (50), the in-vehicle network comprising at least one measuring device (70) according to any one of the preceding claims.

7. The vehicle network (61) according to claim 6, wherein, The vehicle network (61) is configured as a low-voltage network (60).

8. The vehicle network (61) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The input line (71) is configured to load electrical energy into the vehicle network (61); and the structural element (72) is configured as an inductor (72a).

9. The vehicle network (61) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein, The vehicle network (61) has a component (65); the input line (71) is configured to load electrical energy onto the component (65); and the structural element (72) is configured as a capacitor (72b).

10. A motor vehicle (50) comprising an in-vehicle network (61) according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

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