Csi feedback with beam-specific power backoff

Abstract

Systems and methods related to channel state information (CSI) feedback with beam-specific power backoff are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a network node, a channel state information (CSI) report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information of a codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams of a plurality of beams. The method also includes receiving, from the network node, information on power backoff for the plurality of beams. The method further includes calculating CSI based on channel measurement of the configured one or more CSI-RS resources, the codebook, and the power backoff, and reporting the CSI to the network node. In this way, by taking into account power backoff in certain beam directions, proper CSI feedback can be achieved, enabling proper link adaptation for downlink transmissions.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application serial number 63 / 617,921 filed on 2024-01-05, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to cellular communication systems, and more specifically, to channel state information (CSI) feedback in cellular communication systems. Background Technology

[0004] Multi-antenna technology can significantly increase the data rate and reliability of wireless communication systems. Performance is particularly enhanced when both the transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas (resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channel). Such systems and / or related technologies are commonly referred to as MIMO.

[0005] The core components of fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks or New Radio (NR) as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are support for MIMO antenna deployment and MIMO-related technologies such as spatial multiplexing. Spatial multiplexing can be used to increase data rates under favorable channel conditions. Figure 1 An example of spatial multiplexing in NR is shown, where information carrying the symbol vector s is multiplied by N. T The xr (number of rows x number of columns) precoding matrix or precoder W is used to distribute the transmit energy to N along r "virtual" spatial directions (each direction is associated with a data stream). T On each transmit antenna port, they are distinguishable at the User Equipment (UE). The precoding matrix is ​​typically selected from a codebook of possible precoding matrices and is usually reported by the UE as a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI). The PMI indicates the desired precoding matrix in the codebook of a given number of symbol streams. Vectors s contain r symbols each corresponding to a MIMO layer or data stream, and r is called the transmission rank or simply rank. In this way, spatial multiplexing is achieved because multiple symbols or data streams can be transmitted simultaneously on the same time / frequency resource element (RE). r is selected to suit the matrix channel H and is usually reported by the UE as a Rank Indicator (RI).

[0006] NR uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in the downlink. The NRx1 vector y received by the UE in the scheduled RE can be represented as:

[0007]

[0008] Where e is the receiver noise / interference vector.

[0009] The precoder W was selected as the same as... The characteristics of the MIMO channel matrix H are matched. This is often referred to as closed-loop precoding. In closed-loop precoding, the UE provides feedback to the gNB in ​​the form of a PMI (Program Information Management) regarding a suitable precoder based on downlink channel measurements. For this purpose, the UE is configured with a Channel State Information (CSI) reporting configuration, which includes a CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) for channel measurements and a codebook of candidate precoders. In addition to PMI and RI, the feedback typically includes a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). RI, PMI, and CQI are part of the CSI feedback. In NR, PMI and CQI feedback can be targeted at wideband or subband, where a subband is defined as multiple contiguous Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) ranging from 4 to 32 PRBs, depending on the Bandwidth Partial (BWP) size.

[0010] The transmit antenna at an NR base station (gNodeB or gNB) can be a linear antenna array with uniformly spaced antenna ports or a two-dimensional antenna array with uniformly spaced antenna ports in each dimension. The antenna array can be determined by the number of antenna ports in the first dimension (e.g., the horizontal dimension). The number of antenna ports in a second dimension perpendicular to the first dimension (e.g., the vertical dimension). and polarization number To describe it. Therefore, the total number of antenna ports is The concept of an antenna port is non-limiting in the sense that it can refer to any virtualization (e.g., linear mapping) of one or more physical antenna elements. For example, the same signal can be fed to a pair of physical antenna elements, thus allowing them to share the same virtual antenna port.

[0011] Figure 2 The image shows a dual-polarized antenna element (i.e., ) of 4x4 (i.e., An example of an array. In other words, Figure 2 It is a dual-polarized antenna element ( A diagram of a two-dimensional antenna array, wherein, has One horizontal antenna element and One vertical antenna element;

[0012] Precoding can also be interpreted as beamforming, where the signal to be transmitted at the antenna port is multiplied by a set of beamforming weights before transmission. The beamforming weights are specified by the precoding matrix. Each MIMO layer transmits on one antenna beam.

[0013] A common type of precoder is the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based precoder, where the precoding vector for each MIMO layer is a DFT vector, i.e., each column of W is a DFT vector. For a given dimension... One antenna port and another dimension A two-dimensional (2D) uniform planar array (UPA) with 1 antenna port, for each polarization, the DFT beam associated with the 2DUPA can be represented as the Kronecker product of two one-dimensional (1D) DFT vectors (one in each dimension), i.e.,

[0014] ,

[0015] in, It is a 1D DFT beam in each of the two dimensions, and and They are respectively with and Oversampling factors on two related dimensions; and These are the 1D beam indices along dimensions N1 and N2, respectively. In 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.214 V18.0.0, the terms "beam" or "2D beam" are not used; instead, they are referred to in the specification's language. .

[0016] Then, the rank-1 precoder of the dual-polarized UPA can be expressed as:

[0017] ,

[0018] in, It is the in-phase factor between the two polarizations and can be selected from the M-phase shift keying (PSK) alphabet, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). The above assumes the same DFT beam. For both polarizations. For rank 2 or higher, the precoder for each layer includes one or more DFT beams. For rank... The precoding matrix W can be represented as

[0019]

[0020] in, ( It is related to DFT beam and in phase The associated pre-encoder of the i-th layer.

[0021] This DFT-based precoder is used for NR Type I CSI feedback, where each layer is associated with a 2D DFT beam. For CSI feedback based on various NR Type II codebooks, the precoder for each data layer is a linear combination of multiple DFT beams. The PMI includes multiple selected DFT beams for each layer and a set of combination coefficients. Details of the NR Type I and Type II codebooks can be found in 3GPP TS 38.214 v18.0.0.

[0022] Codebook Subset Restriction (CBSR)

[0023] In some deployment scenarios, to reduce potential inter-area interference, it may be desirable to avoid downlink (DL) transmissions in certain spatial directions (such as in the horizontal direction or in the lateral direction). In this regard, Figure 3 It shows and An example of a codebook subset restriction (CBSR) where there exists There are 10 beams, and each beam is represented by a circle. The beams represented by dashed circles are restricted, meaning they are not considered for pre-encoder feedback.

[0024] In NR, the restricted beam is communicated to the UE via CBSR configuration. For NR Type I single-panel codebook, the CBSR configuration includes bitmap parameters n1-n2, which form a bit sequence. ,in, It is the least significant bit (LSB), and It is the most significant bit (MSB). The number of bits is determined by... Given, where each bit is associated with an oversampled DFT beam. Except when the layer number... In addition to the cases where the number of antenna ports is 16, 24, or 32, the bit With oversampled DFT beam Related, , A bit value of zero indicates that the PMI is not allowed to report any precoder associated with the beam indicated by that bit.

[0025] When the number of layers When the number of antenna ports is 16, 24, or 32, the antenna array along... The dimension is divided into two subarrays.

[0026] Bit , and Each and based on quantity All precoders are associated, , ;

[0027] If one or more of the associated bits are zero, the PMI report is not allowed to correspond to a report based on... Any precoder;

[0028] in, It is the DFT beam of each subarray. Summary of the Invention

[0029] Systems and methods related to channel state information (CSI) feedback with beam-specific power backoff are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving a channel state information (CSI) report configuration from a network node. This CSI report configuration includes information configuring one or more CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurements and information about the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams. The method also includes receiving information from the network node regarding power backoff for the plurality of beams. The method further includes calculating the CSI based on channel measurements, the codebook, and power backoff for the configured one or more CSI-RS resources, and reporting the CSI to the network node. In this way, appropriate CSI feedback can be achieved by taking into account power backoff in certain beam directions, thereby achieving appropriate link adaptation for downlink transmissions.

[0030] In one embodiment, the method further includes receiving a command from a network node to receive a CSI report configured according to a CSI report.

[0031] In one embodiment, the codebook information includes information in the first dimension. One antenna port and on the second dimension Information about each antenna port, including multiple beams. An oversampled Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beam, wherein, along the first dimension, there are Several beams and along the second dimension One beam, of which and These are the oversampling factors along the first and second dimensions, respectively.

[0032] In one embodiment, the information regarding power backoff includes the power scaling factor for each of the plurality of beams.

[0033] In one embodiment, the information regarding power backoff includes a power scaling factor for each of a plurality of non-overlapping beamgroups, wherein each beamgroup comprises X (>=1) × Y (>=1) adjacent beams from a plurality of beams, where X and Y are the number of adjacent beams along a first dimension and a second dimension, respectively. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of non-overlapping beamgroups comprises all beams along the first dimension, i.e., X = In another embodiment, each of the plurality of non-overlapping beam groups includes all beams along the second dimension, i.e., Y= In one embodiment, multiple non-overlapping beam groups are predefined. In another embodiment, multiple non-overlapping beam groups are configured by network nodes.

[0034] In one embodiment, the power scaling factor is represented by a plurality of bits, wherein each code point of the plurality of bits is mapped to a power scaling factor value less than or equal to 1, wherein a power scaling factor value of 1 indicates no power backoff.

[0035] In one embodiment, the information configuring one or more CSI-RS resources includes the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) to CSI-RS Energy Per Resource Element (EPRE) ratio. In one embodiment, each of the power backoffs is the nominal PDSCH transmit power per resource element determined by the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0036] In one embodiment, calculating CSI includes selecting a precoding matrix from the codebook of the precoding matrix for a given rank and calculating the channel quality associated with the selected precoding matrix, wherein the selected precoding matrix is ​​reported by the UE as a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and the channel quality is reported as a channel quality indicator (CQI).

[0037] In one embodiment, calculating CSI includes, for rank 1 transmissions, calculating the CSI associated with a specific beam based on a new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio for PDSCH transmissions using a specific beam, the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio being based on power backoff associated with the specific beam or a specific beam group including the specific beam.

[0038] In one embodiment, when multiple beams (one per layer) are selected for PDSCH transmission and at least one of the multiple beams is not configured with power backoff, the PDSCH transmit power in the at least one beam can be increased to equal the power reduction of the remaining beams due to power backoff, and the calculation (504) CSI includes calculating the CSI based on the configured PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0039] In one embodiment, when multiple beams (one per layer) are selected for PDSCH transmission and if each of the multiple beams is configured with a power scaling factor less than 1, the per-RE PDSCH transmit power used when calculating (504) CSI is reduced, wherein the amount of reduction is determined based on the power back-off associated with the multiple beams (e.g., determined to be...). ,Right now In one embodiment, the reduction amount is determined to be... Where L is the number of beams, and It is the power scaling factor associated with the i-th beam.

[0040] In one embodiment, when each layer comprises a single beam, calculating (504) CSI includes determining the pre-encoder. The precoder is used at the UE to maximize... It is determined that, among which, It is an estimated channel based on one or more CSI-RS resources, and yes Through with This includes a scaled version of the power backoff associated with one or more beams. In one embodiment, calculating (504) CSI also includes based on signal components. The channel quality indicator (CQI) is calculated by adding receiver noise and interference, where, It is the channel traversed by PDSCH, and It is the ratio of the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE.

[0041] In one embodiment, when each layer includes multiple beams, calculating (504) CSI includes: based on the common power back-off of different layers ( To determine the precoder W, all beams included in the precoding matrix must satisfy the power back-off requirement, i.e. ,in, It is the pre-encoder of the i-th layer, and Is with layer The complex beamforming coefficients associated with beam i. In one embodiment, universal power back-off is... Where L is the number of beams and r is the rank. It is aimed at the first Power back-off of beam configuration, and It is the first Layer and first The complex combination coefficients of the beam.

[0042] In one embodiment, receiving information about power backoff for each of the plurality of beams or beam groups includes receiving power backoff information as part of a CSI reporting configuration.

[0043] In one embodiment, receiving information about power backoff for each of each of the plurality of beams or beam groups includes receiving power backoff information as part of a codebook configuration.

[0044] A corresponding embodiment of the UE is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the UE is adapted to receive CSI report configuration from a network node, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI-RS resources for channel measurements and codebook information of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams. The UE is also adapted to receive power backoff information about the plurality of beams from the network node. The UE is further adapted to: calculate CSI based on channel measurements, codebooks, and power backoff of the configured one or more CSI-RS resources, and report the CSI to the network node.

[0045] Embodiments of a method performed by a network node are also disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node includes sending a CSI report configuration to a UE, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI-RS resources for channel measurements and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams of a plurality of beams. The method also includes sending information to the UE regarding power back-off of the plurality of beams. The method further includes receiving a CSI report from the UE according to the CSI report configuration, the CSI report including CSI based on the configured one or more CSI-RS resources, codebook, and power back-off. The method further includes: sending downlink data transmission to the UE according to the CSI, while applying associated power back-off to each beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI.

[0046] A corresponding embodiment of the network node is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the network node is adapted to send a CSI report configuration to the UE, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI-RS resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams. The network node is also adapted to send information to the UE regarding power back-off of the plurality of beams. The network node is also adapted to receive a CSI report from the UE according to the CSI report configuration, the CSI report including CSI based on the configured one or more CSI-RS resources, codebook, and power back-off. The network node is also adapted to: send downlink data transmission to the UE according to the CSI, while applying the associated power back-off to each beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1 An example of spatial multiplexing in the New Radio (NR) is shown;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a dual-polarized antenna element ( A diagram of a two-dimensional antenna array, wherein, has One horizontal antenna element and One vertical antenna element;

[0050] Figure 3 An example of codebook subset restriction (CBSR) is shown;

[0051] Figure 4 An example of downlink (DL) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission is shown;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a user equipment (UE) for channel state information (CSI) feedback based on beam-specific power backoff according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure for configuring a UE to perform a CSI report with beam-specific power back-off;

[0054] Figure 7 The per-beam power backoff for PDSCH transmission via a single beam is illustrated according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 8 An example of per-beam power backoff for PDSCH transmission via multiple beams according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, wherein beam j (i.e., Power rollback;

[0056] Figure 9 The per-beam power backoff for PDSCH transmission via multiple beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0057] Figure 10 A general power back-off method for PDSCH transmission using pre-encoders (each pre-encoder comprising multiple beams) according to an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated;

[0058] Figure 11 Each of the embodiments according to this disclosure is shown as including An example of a beam group for an oversampled beam;

[0059] Figure 12 This illustrates beam indices with the same beam along dimension N2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. An example of beam application with the same power backoff;

[0060] Figure 13An example of applying the same power backoff to beams in two dimensions according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0061] Figure 14 An example of a communication system that can implement the embodiments of the present disclosure described above is shown;

[0062] Figure 15 A UE according to some embodiments is shown;

[0063] Figure 16 A network node according to some embodiments is shown;

[0064] Figure 17 This is a block diagram of a host based on the various aspects described in this document; the host can be... Figure 14 An example of a host computer;

[0065] Figure 18 This is a block diagram illustrating a virtualized environment that can virtualize functionality implemented by some embodiments; and

[0066] Figure 19 A communication diagram is shown, illustrating a host communicating with a UE via a network node through a partial wireless connection, according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The embodiments described below provide information for those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode for practicing the embodiments. After reading the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of this disclosure and will recognize the applications of these concepts not specifically given herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0068] Some embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are provided by way of example only to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0069] There are currently some challenges. The Current Codebook Subset Restriction (CBSR) specified in the 3GPP New Radio (NR) specification can be used to remove some of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beams from the Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) feedback, thereby avoiding downlink (DL) data transmission in directions associated with these DFT beams. However, in some scenarios, to meet certain regulatory requirements, it may still be permissible to transmit DL in certain directions at reduced transmit power. For example, when a ground-based mobile communication system shares the same spectrum with a satellite communication system or operates in an adjacent spectrum to the satellite communication system, it may be necessary to reduce the transmit power of mobile DL in the satellite direction to avoid interference. This problem cannot be solved by the current CBSR alone, because some user equipment (UEs) still need to be served in the satellite direction, but may do so at reduced transmit power. For UEs not in the same direction as the satellite, reduced transmit power may also be necessary, as sidelobes and / or grating lobes in the gNB antenna radiation pattern may cause interference in the satellite direction.

[0070] This paper proposes a method for signaling power backoff of one or more beams relative to nominal transmit power, whereby the UE feeds back its preferred beam by taking power backoff into account. This method works well for downlink data transmission using a single beam (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) because power backoff is equivalent to a reduction in beam-specific PDSCH transmit power relative to a ratio of PDSCH to Channel State Information (CSI) Reference Signal (CSI-RS) Energy Per Resource Element (EPRE), which is signaled to the UE in the CSI-RS resource for channel measurement. When a beam is selected, the UE assumes the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0071] However, when using more than one beam for downlink data transmission in cases involving data transmission with more than one layer or data transmission using a Type II codebook-based precoder that includes multiple beams, determining the nominal transmit power and precoder for each beam becomes a problem.

[0072] Although the network (or gNB) can reduce the transmit power in certain directions if the PMI feedback includes DFT beams in those directions (where a reduction in transmit power is expected), there will be a channel quality indicator (CQI) mismatch between the CQI feedback from the UE and the actual CQI after the power backoff is applied.

[0073] Certain aspects of this disclosure and its embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. In one embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the method includes:

[0074] - The network (e.g., network nodes, such as radio access network (RAN) nodes (e.g., base stations or gNBs)) sends information about a transmit power backoff factor associated with each DFT beam or beam group to the UE via a signal;

[0075] - The UE calculates the CSI, including PMI and CQI, by taking into account the power back-off factor associated with the DFT beam or DFT beam group;

[0076] - The UE reports the CSI to the network (e.g., network nodes, such as RAN nodes (e.g., base stations or gNBs)).

[0077] - The network (e.g., network node, RAN node, base station, or gNB) sends PDSCH to the UE based on CSI feedback and using the power back-off factor associated with each DFT beam included in the PMI.

[0078] In one embodiment, a network node (e.g., a RAN node, such as a base station or gNB) signals to the UE in a CSI report configuration for CSI feedback a power backoff factor associated with each DFT beam group configured for channel measurement non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources, wherein the power backoff factor is the total PDSCH transmit power per resource element (RE).

[0079] Power backoff can be configured for beams in the N1 or N2 dimensions configured in the CSI report configuration.

[0080] In one embodiment, power backoff is represented by M bits, where each code point in the M bits is mapped to a power scaling factor less than or equal to 1.

[0081] In one embodiment, the UE calculates the CSI (e.g., including rank, PMI, and CQI) by taking power backoff into account and reports the CSI to the network, wherein the PMI indicates a precoder that includes one or more DFT beams.

[0082] Some embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages: the method achieves appropriate CSI feedback by taking into account power back-off in a specific beam direction, thereby achieving proper link adaptation for PDSCH transmission.

[0083] A more detailed description of some example embodiments of this disclosure will now be provided. In this respect, Figure 4 An example of DLPDSCH transmission is shown, where the modulation symbols are... Transmission is performed via an antenna array. Before transmission, the modulated symbols are precoded, and then the precoded symbols are transmitted via the antenna. Beamforming is applied to the symbols destined for the UE using a precoder. For CSI feedback based on NR Type I codebook (CB), the precoder for each data layer includes a DFT vector associated with the spatial beam. The precoder is indicated by the UE via PMI feedback based on channel measurements on CSI-RS resources. For CSI feedback based on NR Type II codebook, the precoder for each data layer includes multiple DFT vectors. Different precoders can be used for symbols transmitted in different subbands. Additionally, different precoders can be used for symbols belonging to different MIMO layers.

[0084] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the method performed by the UE includes one or more of the following steps:

[0085] Step 500: The UE receives a CSI report configuration from the network (e.g., from a network node, RAN node, base station, or gNB), which includes CSI-RS resources for channel measurements and information about beam-specific power backoff (e.g., beam-specific power backoff of each of two or more DFT beams or each of two or more DFT beam groups), wherein the CSI-RS resource configuration includes the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0086] Step 502: The UE receives a command from the network (e.g., from a network node, RAN node, base station, or gNB) for a CSI report configured according to the CSI report.

[0087] Step 504: The UE calculates the CSI (e.g., including RI, PMI, and CQI) based on channel measurements of the configured CSI-RS resources by taking into account beam-specific power backoff.

[0088] Step 506: Report CSI to the network, where PMI indicates a precoder including one or more beams.

[0089] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a network node (e.g., a RAN node, such as a base station or gNB) according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown, the method performed by the network node includes one or more of the following steps:

[0090] Step 600: The network node sends a CSI report configuration to the UE using a signal. The CSI report configuration includes CSI-RS resources for channel measurements and information about beam-specific power backoff (e.g., beam-specific power backoff of each of two or more DFT beams or each of two or more DFT beam groups). The CSI-RS resource configuration includes the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0091] Step 602: The network node sends CSI-RS to the UE in the CSI-RS resource and sends a command to the UE to obtain the CSI report configured according to the CSI report.

[0092] Step 604: The network node receives a CSI report from the UE, wherein the CSI report includes at least RI, PMI and CQI, wherein the PMI indicates a precoder including one or more beams.

[0093] Step 606: The network node sends the PDSCH according to the CSI and applies the associated power backoff to each DFT beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI.

[0094] Applicable to Figure 5 and Figure 6 Further details of the method are as follows.

[0095] In one embodiment, each beam-specific power back-off It is for the ratio of PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE Determined total PDSCH transmit power per RE The PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio is signaled to the UE as part of the CSI-RS resource configuration.

[0096] In one embodiment, for rank-1 transmission, power backoff This will generate new transmit power per RE PDSCH This results in a new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio. This is used for PDSCH transmissions using that beam. The UE can assume that this new PDSCH ratio is equal to the CSI-RS EPRE ratio. Used for CSI calculations associated with the associated beam. This is in Figure 7 As shown in the image. In other words, Figure 7 The per-beam power backoff is shown for PDSCH transmission via a single beam.

[0097] In one embodiment, when multiple (L, L>1) beams on multiple layers are selected for downlink data transmission and if at least one beam is configured with This means that the beam does not require power back-off, and the UE can assume the configured PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio. In this case, PDSCH power It can be redistributed between different layers or beams to meet backoff requirements. Figure 8 An example of per-beam power backoff for PDSCH transmission via multiple beams is shown, where beam j (i.e., No power back-off is required. More specifically, Figure 8 This shows that without power backoff (which is the case for existing PDSCH transmissions), the beam will operate at equal power (i.e., Example of power allocation. In the case of equal power allocation, beam i will exceed its transmit power (i.e., the power after backoff), and its power needs to be further reduced. Since beam j does not require / configure power backoff, beam j can be allocated a higher transmit power than in an equal power allocation, so that the total power remains the same. same.

[0098] In one embodiment, if each of the plurality of (L) beams has an associated power backoff value, i.e. Then the transmit power per RE PDSCH It may need to be reduced, and the amount of reduction has been determined to be... ,Right now Regarding rank And if for the i-th beam, Then the beam does not require additional power back-off. This is in Figure 9 As shown in the example, Therefore, the power of beams i and j is further reduced to meet the power back-off requirements for signal transmission.

[0099] For CSI feedback based on NR type I codebook, at the UE, by maximizing To determine the pre-encoder ,in, It is based on the estimated channel of CSI-RS, including CSI-RS transmit power, and yes Through with A scaled version of the associated power backoff. For example, for , ,in, and It is with beam index or Beam-related power back-off. Based on signal components. The CQI is calculated by adding receiver noise and interference, where, It is the channel traversed by PDSCH, and It is the ratio of the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE. The UE feeds back the data to the gNB via RI, PMI, and CQI respectively. At the gNB, downlink data is used... Precoding is performed, and the transmit power is per RE. Sending, among which, This is the transmit power per RE CISI-RS.

[0100] For PMI feedback based on NR type II CB or channel reciprocity based on precoding, the precoder for each data layer or PDSCH layer includes multiple beams, i.e., layer The precoder can be represented as ,in, It is the coefficient of a complex combination, and The nominal PDSCH transmit power of each RE in the i-th beam is determined by... Given this, it is not possible to apply power backoff to each beam individually, as this would disrupt the orthogonality between precoders of different layers.

[0101] One option is to apply a universal power back-off to the pre-encoders of different layers. This ensures that all beams included in the pre-encoder meet the power back-off requirement, i.e. , where W is the precoding matrix in the Type II codebook. This method is equivalent to reducing the PDSCH power by a factor of α. Then, the actual transmit power is Some beams can have a larger power backoff than the power backoff value transmitted by the signal. Figure 10 An example is shown where the precoder for each layer consists of two beams (beams i and j) and In this example, .

[0102] When selecting L beams, the UE can consider power back-off. Furthermore, when calculating CQI, general power backoff can be considered. That is, using the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio .

[0103] In the case of subband PMI feedback, reduced power back-off can be applied because interference generated by a certain beam is integrated over the subband using that beam. In one embodiment, the configured power back-off... proportional factor Scaling is performed so that the backspace used is... Provided. In one embodiment, the scaling factor is determined based on the number of subbands / PRBs (for which corresponding PMIs are selected), for example... ,in, This refers to selecting the number of subbands or PRBs in the PMI, and This is the total number of subbands or PRBs. In other words, less power backoff is required when PDSCH is scheduled only in a subset of the entire bandwidth.

[0104] Another situation where reduced power back-off can be used is when the UE is not scheduled across the full bandwidth, such as in frequency-selective scheduling. In this case, the scaling factor can be determined based on the proportion of scheduled bandwidth to the total bandwidth.

[0105] The following subsections discuss beam-specific power backoff. Different signaling options. These signaling options are related to... Figure 5 Step 500 and Figure 6 The signaling related to power back-off in step 600.

[0106] General Embodiments

[0107] In a typical embodiment, for having An antenna array with one CSI-RS port will be associated with a DFT beam. The beams are grouped into Z distinct beam groups. Two possible examples of how the beams are grouped are as follows:

[0108] - In one embodiment, the beam Grouped into Each beam group is predefined in the 3GPP specification.

[0109] - In an alternative embodiment, the beam Grouped into Each beam group is configured to the UE by the network via higher-layer signaling (e.g., via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling).

[0110] In a typical implementation, the network transmits only one power backoff value (which may also be referred to as the power backoff factor) for a beamgroup. Regarding the number of beamgroups for which the network transmits power backoff values, two possible examples are as follows:

[0111] - In one embodiment, the network sends a signal to the UE. The power back-off value for each beamgroup within a beam group, and different values ​​can be transmitted via signal for different beam groups. There will be signals transmitted via signal. The power backoff value, where each z-th power backoff value is... The power backoff value applies only to beams within the z-th beam group. Note that... Each beam group in the beam group includes one or more beams. Preferably, at least one beam group (and possibly multiple or all beam groups) in the beam group includes two or more beams.

[0112] - In an alternative embodiment, to reduce signaling overhead, the network sends signals to the UE. A subset of beam groups The power backoff value, where, The presence signal will be sent from the network to the UE. A power back-off value. In some embodiments, the network sends a signal to the UE regarding a subset. Information. For example, the network sends a signal to the UE that the UE will receive. The power backoff value for which beam group in the beam group.

[0113] In one example, o exists A beam group, and the network transmits signals to and Two power backoff values ​​corresponding to each beam group. If If the beam groups are beam groups {3, 4}, then the first of the two power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the 3rd beam group, and the second of the two power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the 4th beam group.

[0114] In another example, o exists A beam group, and the network transmits signals to and Each beam group corresponds to four power backoff values. If If the beam groups are beam groups {1, 2, 7, 8}, then...

[0115] The first of the four power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the first beam group.

[0116] The second of the four power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the second beam group.

[0117] The third of the four power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the 7th beam group, and

[0118] The fourth of the four power backoff values ​​transmitted by the signal corresponds to the 8th beam group.

[0119] In an alternative embodiment, the network does not explicitly signal to the UE that the UE will receive... Which beam group's power backoff value? Instead, the UE will receive... The power back-off value for which beamgroup within a beamgroup is predefined in the 3GPP specification.

[0120] Example 1: Power back-off of each beam transmitted via signal

[0121] In this embodiment, as part of the CSI reporting configuration, the power back-off factor for each beam is signaled to the UE. This corresponds to the existence of The case of multiple beam groups (i.e., each beam is a beam group).

[0122] For those with An antenna array with CSI-RS ports, associated with a beam. Indexed by a pair of beams Define, where, It can also be composed of a single index. Define, where ,in, .

[0123] For each beam k, a power back-off signal is sent to the UE. In summary, signals can be transmitted to the UE for all beams. One backoff value { ... }

[0124] It can be by Units digit representation, for example ,in, It is either 1 or 0. Therefore, it can be done via a bitmap. Send with a signal { ... }. It can be Each code point or value is mapped to power backoff. Table 1 shows... Examples.

[0125] Table 1: [List of items to be filled in] code point mapping to An example of actual power back-off.

[0126]

[0127] For Example 1, a total of signals need to be sent to the UE. Units digit. For example, for With M=2, 512 bits are needed.

[0128] In some alternative embodiments, the network uses signals only to A subset of beams transmits power backoff factor. In this case, a signal is to be transmitted. The total number of bits in the power backoff factor is .

[0129] Example 2: Sending a power backoff signal for each beam group

[0130] In this embodiment, for those with the same oversampling factor index All beams transmit the same power back-off with the signal. Therefore, for beams with... An antenna array with CSI-RS ports, targeting index A set of 2D beams defined by the following formula, with the same power backoff when transmitting signals:

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] in, and

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] For those with indexes The two-dimensional beamforming, as in Example 1, uses signal transmission power backoff. The benefit is lower signaling overhead because the number of backoff factors is reduced. Times. In this case, it corresponds to... Beamgroups, wherein each beamgroup contains One oversampled beam. Note the difference from the index. Corresponding 2D beamforming A beam group. This is in Figure 11 As shown in the image.

[0137] Example 3: Transmitting the power back-off factor of each one-dimensional beam using a signal

[0138] In some scenarios, power backoff may only be needed in one dimension. For example, to reduce interference with satellites, power backoff in the elevation dimension may be required only. For a given elevation direction, the same power backoff can be applied to the beam in the horizontal direction.

[0139] Therefore, in this embodiment, power back-off is signaled over one dimension (i.e., N1 or N2 dimension). If the required power back-off is over N1 dimension, then { ... }. For a given It applies to all beams in the N2 dimension. ... } Figure 12 An example is shown where beams in the same row apply the same power backoff. This embodiment corresponds to the presence of... Each beam group and the network sends signals to the UE. Case of power rollback value.

[0140] In another embodiment, if the required power back-off is in the N2 dimension, then a signal is sent { ... }. For a given It applies to all beams in the N1 dimension. ... This embodiment corresponds to the existence of Each beam group and the network sends signals to the UE. Case of power rollback value.

[0141] In one embodiment, the UE is also instructed to send a signal { ... }still{ ... }

[0142] The advantage is that the signaling overhead is much smaller than that in Example 1. Here, only... or Units digit. Note that if the signal is only directed to... If the transmit power backoff value of a subset of beam groups is obtained, it is possible to further reduce the overhead.

[0143] Example 4: Transmitting the power back-off factor for each beam subset using a signal

[0144] In other scenarios, power back-off of a beam subset may be necessary. For example, a beam subset might be pointing in a certain direction, or its resulting grating lobes might be affecting other systems, such as satellites. Therefore, in such cases, applying the same power back-off to the entire gNB beam subset would be beneficial.

[0145] Therefore, in this embodiment, the same power back-off is applied to a subset of beams, or more generally, the same power back-off can also be applied to beams throughout the codebook. This can be achieved, for example, by transmitting parameters via a gNB. A single value is used to send a signal.

[0146] On the other hand, if the same power backoff needs to be applied to a subset of beams, the following configuration can be performed. Figure 13 An example is shown where the same power backoff is applied to the beam in both dimensions.

[0147] gNB transmission parameters A single value and two bit sequences and ,in, and It is the LSB of each sequence, and and It is the MSB of each sequence. The number of bits is determined by... and Given that each bit is associated with a beam in each dimension.

[0148] In these bit sequences, the two possible configuration examples are as follows:

[0149] 1. gNB can configure the start and end positions of the beam subsets to which the same power back-off is applied.

[0150] 2. gNB configuration requires the application of the same set of backoff beam subsets.

[0151] For example, according to Figure 13 For configuration 1, the gNB can send a signal along the edge. A bit sequence of dimensions (where, bits) (and the remaining bits are zero) and along A bit sequence of dimensions (where, bits) (And the remaining bits are zero). In this way, the UE knows that the beam subset corresponds to all beams within that range. Alternatively, for configuration 2, the gNB transmits a signal along the edge. A bit sequence of dimensions (where, bits) (and the remaining bits are zero) and along A bit sequence of dimensions (where, bits) (and the remaining bits are zero). This will incur a small overhead, caused by Provided. Figure 13 Examples corresponding to In this case, the beams indicated by dashed circles form a beam group, and the other beams form a second beam group. The signal is directed only to one of the two beam groups (i.e., the one formed by the dashed circles). Figure 13 The dashed circles in the diagram represent the transmit power backoff values ​​for the corresponding beam groups.

[0152] Alternatively, in one related embodiment, the gNB can use a single bit sequence. Send parameters using signals A single value, where, It is LSB, and It is MSB. The number of bits is determined by... This will incur a larger overhead than configurations 1 and 2, due to... Provided.

[0153] In one related embodiment, the gNB can be configured with multiple beam subsets to report multiple power back-off parameters for each beam subset.

[0154] Example 5: Other Signaling Options

[0155] In one related embodiment, the gNB sends optional power backoff parameters to the UE via a signal, so that the UE knows that a certain power backoff will be configured in the CSI-RS; otherwise, if the parameter does not exist, the power backoff will not be applied.

[0156] In one relevant embodiment, the UE searches for an optional power backoff parameter as part of any of the CSI-RS resource / resource set, CSI report, or codebook configuration. If the parameter is present in any of the CSI-RS resource / resource set, CSI report, or codebook configuration, the UE applies power backoff (e.g., per beam group, per beam, per dimension, or per subset). If the parameter is not present, the UE applies conventional CSI calculations and reporting.

[0157] In one relevant embodiment, if the UE does not support power backoff signaling capabilities or is unaware of the power backoff applied by the gNB, the UE reports back the calculated CSI parameters (CQI, PMI, etc.) and additional parameters to indicate to the gNB which power backoff was used in the report. Based on the power backoff reported by the UE, the gNB compares it with the power backoff configured for the reported PMI, and if they differ, the gNB may follow the report and the PMI recommended by the UE, but use the correct power backoff for the selected PMI, or send another CSI-RS configuration to remove the UE-recommended PMI (e.g., by using CBSR) to prevent the UE from selecting that PMI.

[0158] In one related embodiment, an existing CBSR can be extended to include beam-specific power back-off. Alternatively, beam-specific power back-off can be implemented separately for the CBSR.

[0159] Further description

[0160] Figure 14 An example of a communication system 1400 that can implement the embodiments of the present disclosure described above is shown.

[0161] In the example, communication system 1400 includes: a telecommunications network 1402, which includes an access network 1404 (e.g., a radio access network (RAN)); and a core network 1406, which includes one or more core network nodes 1408. Access network 1404 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 1410A and 1410B (of which one or more may generally be referred to as network node 1410), or any other similar 3GPP access node or non-3GPP access point (AP). Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that network nodes are not necessarily limited to implementations that are provided by a single vendor and integrate the radio and baseband portions. Therefore, it should be understood that network nodes include decomposed implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, telecommunications network 1402 includes one or more Open RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunications network 1402 that supports ORAN specifications (e.g., specifications published by the O-RAN Alliance or any similar organization) and can operate independently or together with other nodes to perform one or more functions of any node in the telecommunications network 1402 (including one or more network nodes 1410 and / or core network nodes 1408).

[0162] Examples of ORAN network nodes include Open Radio Units (O-RUs), Open Distributed Units (O-DUs), Open Central Units (O-CUs), including O-CU control planes (O-CU-CPs) or O-CU user planes (O-CU-UPs), managed software or software plug-ins (e.g., near real-time control applications (e.g., xApps) or non-real-time control applications (e.g., rApps)), RAN intelligent controllers (near real-time or non-real-time), or any combination thereof (the adjective "open" indicates support for the ORAN specification). Network nodes can support the specification by, for example, supporting interfaces defined by the ORAN specification (e.g., A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interfaces), open fronthaul user plane interfaces, or open fronthaul management plane interfaces. Furthermore, ORAN access nodes can be logical nodes within physical nodes. Additionally, ORAN network nodes can be implemented in a virtualized environment (described further below) where one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, a virtualized environment may include an open cloud (O-Cloud) computing platform orchestrated by a service management and orchestration framework via an O-2 interface or equivalent technology defined by the O-RAN Alliance. Network node 1410 facilitates direct or indirect connections of user equipment (UEs), such as connecting UEs 1412A, 1412B, 1412C, and 1412D (one or more of which may generally be referred to as UE 1412) to core network 1406 via one or more wireless connections.

[0163] Examples of wireless communication via wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for transmitting information without using wiring, cables, or other conductors. Furthermore, in various embodiments, communication system 1400 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that can facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals (whether via wired or wireless connections). Communication system 1400 may include any type of communication, telecommunications, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar system, and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunications, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar system.

[0164] UE 1412 can be any of a variety of communication devices, including wireless devices that are arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network node 1410 and other communication devices. Similarly, network node 1410 is arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with UE 1412 and / or with other network nodes or devices in telecommunication network 1402 to implement and / or provide network access (such as wireless network access) and / or to perform other functions (such as management) in telecommunication network 1402.

[0165] In the depicted example, core network 1406 connects network node 1410 to one or more hosts, such as host 1416. These connections can be direct connections or indirect connections via one or more intermediate networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. Core network 1406 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1408) that together with hardware and software components. The characteristics of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the description is generally applicable to the corresponding components of core network node 1408. Example core network nodes include the functions of one or more of the following: Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier Unhiding Function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Agent (SEPP), Network Open Function (NEF), and / or User Plane Function (UPF).

[0166] Host 1416 may be owned or under the control of a service provider other than the operator or provider of access network 1404 and / or telecommunications network 1402, and may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. Host 1416 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include real-time and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services (e.g., retrieving and compiling data about various environmental conditions detected by multiple UEs), analytics functions, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for alarm and monitoring centers, or any other such functions performed by a server.

[0167] As a whole, Figure 14 The communication system 1400 enables connectivity between the UE, network nodes, and hosts. In this sense, the communication system 1400 can be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards including but not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or other suitable second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) standards, or any applicable future-generation standard (e.g., sixth-generation (6G)); Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard (WiFi); and / or any other suitable wireless communication standards, such as Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.

[0168] In some examples, telecommunications network 1402 is a cellular network implementing 3GPP standardized features. Therefore, telecommunications network 1402 can support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices connected to it. For example, telecommunications network 1402 can provide ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services to some UEs while providing enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) / massive Internet of Things (IoT) services to yet another UE.

[0169] In some examples, UE 1412 is configured to send and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, the UE may be designed to send information to access network 1404 according to a predetermined schedule when triggered by internal or external events or in response to a request from access network 1404. Additionally, the UE may be configured to operate in single radio access technology (RAT) mode, multiple RAT mode, or multiple standards mode. For example, the UE may operate using any one or a combination of WiFi, New Radio (NR), and LTE, i.e., configured as multiple radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as evolved UMTS terrestrial RAN (E-UTRAN) NR dual connectivity (EN-DC).

[0170] In the example, hub 1414 communicates with access network 1404 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1412C and / or 1412D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1410B). In some examples, hub 1414 may be a controller, router, content source and analyzer, or any other communication device described herein relating to the UE. For example, hub 1414 may be a broadband router that enables the UE to access core network 1406. As another example, hub 1414 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators of the UE. Commands or instructions may be received from the UE, network node 1410, or via executable code, scripts, procedures, or other instructions in hub 1414. As another example, hub 1414 may be a data collector that acts as a temporary storage device for UE data, and in some embodiments, may perform data analysis or other processing. As another example, hub 1414 may be a content source. For example, for a UE acting as a virtual reality (VR) headset, display, speaker, or other media delivery device, hub 1414 can retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to perceived information via a network node, and then provide them directly to the UE after performing local processing and / or adding additional local content. In yet another example, hub 1414 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UE, particularly if one or more of the UEs are low-power IoT devices.

[0171] Hub 1414 may have a persistent / persistent or intermittent connection to network node 1410B. Hub 1414 may also allow different communication schemes and / or scheduling between hub 1414 and UEs (e.g., UEs 1412C and / or 1412D) and between hub 1414 and core network 1406. In other examples, hub 1414 is connected to core network 1406 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Furthermore, hub 1414 may be configured to connect to a machine-to-machine (M2M) service provider via access network 1404, and / or to another UE via a direct connection. In some scenarios, a UE may establish a wireless connection with network node 1410 while still being connected via hub 1414 through a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, hub 1414 may be a dedicated hub—that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communication from network node 1410B to UE / to network node 1410B. In other embodiments, the hub 1414 may be a non-dedicated hub—that is, a device capable of operating to route communication between the UE and network node 1410B, but additionally capable of operating as a communication start point and / or endpoint for certain data channels.

[0172] Figure 15 A UE 1500 according to some embodiments is illustrated. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable of, configured, positioned, and / or operable to wirelessly communicate with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of UEs include, but are not limited to, smartphones, mobile phones, cellular phones, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, gaming consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback devices, wearable terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablet computers, laptop computers, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop-mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless client devices (CPEs), vehicles, vehicle-mounted or vehicle-embedded / integrated wireless devices, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by 3GPP, including narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) UEs, machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, and / or enhanced MTC (eMTC) UEs.

[0173] The UE can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example, by implementing 3GPP standards for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, the UE may not necessarily be a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the associated device. Alternatively, the UE may represent a device intended to be sold to or operated by a human user but which may not or initially may not be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, the UE may represent a device not intended to be sold to or operated by an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of the user (e.g., a smart power meter).

[0174] UE 1500 includes processing circuitry 1502, which is operatively coupled via bus 1504 to input / output interface 1506, power supply 1508, memory 1510, communication interface 1512, and / or any other component or any combination thereof. Some UEs may utilize... Figure 15 The components shown may be all or a subset. The level of integration between components can vary depending on the UE. Furthermore, some UEs may contain multiple instances of components, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0175] Processing circuitry 1502 is configured to process instructions and data and can be configured to implement any sequential state machine operable to execute instructions stored in memory 1510 as a machine-readable computer program. Processing circuitry 1502 can be implemented as: one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., implemented with discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors (e.g., microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs)) together with appropriate software; or any combination of the foregoing. For example, processing circuitry 1502 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[0176] In the example, input / output interface 1506 can be configured to provide one or more interfaces to input devices, output devices, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of output devices include speakers, sound cards, video cards, displays, monitors, printers, actuators, transmitters, smart cards, other output devices, or any combination thereof. Input devices can allow users to capture information into UE 1500. Examples of input devices include touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive displays, cameras (e.g., digital cameras, digital camcorders, webcams, etc.), microphones, sensors, mice, trackballs, directional keyboards, touchpads, scroll wheels, smart cards, etc. Presence-sensitive displays may include capacitive or resistive touch sensors to sense input from the user. Sensors may be, for example, accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt sensors, force sensors, magnetometers, optical sensors, proximity sensors, biometric sensors, etc., or any combination thereof. Output devices can use the same type of interface port as input devices. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port can be used to provide both input and output devices.

[0177] In some embodiments, power supply 1508 is configured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources may be used, such as external power sources (e.g., power outlets), photovoltaic devices, or batteries. Power supply 1508 may also include power supply circuitry for delivering power from power supply 1508 itself and / or an external power source to various parts of UE 1500 via input circuitry or an interface such as a power cable. The delivery of power may, for example, be used for charging power supply 1508. The power supply circuitry may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modifications on the power from power supply 1508 to suit the power for the corresponding components of UE 1500 to which it is supplied power.

[0178] Memory 1510 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically EPROM (EEPROM), disk, optical disk, hard disk, removable magnetic tape, flash drive, etc. In one example, memory 1510 includes one or more application processes 1514, such as an operating system, web browser application, widget, utility engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1516. Memory 1510 may store any one or a combination of various operating systems used by UE 1500.

[0179] The memory 1510 can be configured to include multiple physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard drive, a thumb drive, a pen drive, a key drive, a high-density digital versatile optical disc (HD-DVD) drive, an internal hard drive, a Blu-ray disc drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) disc drive, an external mini dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro DIMM SDRAM, smart card memory (e.g., a tamper-proof module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC), including one or more subscriber identification modules (SIMs), such as a universal SIM (USIM) and / or an Internet Protocol Multimedia Service Identifier Module (ISIM), other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may be, for example, an embedded UICC (eUICC), an integrated UICC (iUICC), or a removable UICC commonly referred to as a "SIM card." The memory 1510 can allow the UE to... 1500 accesses instructions, applications, etc., stored on temporary or non-temporary storage media to unload or upload data. Articles of manufacture (e.g., articles of manufacture utilizing a communication system) may be tangibly embodied in or contained in memory 1510, which may be or include a device-readable storage medium.

[0180] Processing circuitry 1502 can be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using communication interface 1512. Communication interface 1512 may include one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to antenna 1522. Communication interface 1512 may include one or more transceivers for communication (e.g., via one or more remote transceivers capable of wireless communication with another device (e.g., another UE or a network node in the access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1518 and / or a receiver 1520 suitable for providing network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocation, etc.). Furthermore, transmitter 1518 and receiver 1520 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1522) and may share circuitry, software, or firmware, or alternatively, be implemented separately.

[0181] In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of the communication interface 1512 may include cellular communication, WiFi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication such as Bluetooth, NFC, location-based communication (e.g., using a Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine location), another type of communication function, or any combination thereof. Communication may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards such as: IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Fast User Datagram Protocol Internet Connection (QUIC), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.

[0182] Regardless of the sensor type, the UE can provide the output of data captured by its sensors via its communication interface 1512 through a wireless connection with a network node. Data captured by the UE's sensors can be transmitted via another UE through the same wireless connection. The output can be periodic (e.g., every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to balance the load of reports from several sensors), responsive to a triggering event (e.g., sending an alarm when humidity is detected), responsive to a request (e.g., a user-initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., real-time video feed of a patient).

[0183] As another example, the UE includes actuators, motors, or switches associated with a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. The state of the actuator, motor, or switch can change in response to the received wireless input. For example, the UE may include a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a flying drone based on the received input, or adjusts a robotic arm performing a medical procedure based on the received input.

[0184] When the UE takes the form of an IoT device, it can be a device used in one or more application areas, including but not limited to urban wearable technology, extended industrial applications, and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such IoT devices include or embedded in the following devices: connected refrigerators or freezers, televisions, connected lighting devices, electricity meters, robotic vacuum cleaners, voice-controlled smart speakers, home security cameras, motion detectors, thermostats, smoke detectors, door and window sensors, flood / humidity sensors, electronic door locks, connected doorbells, air conditioning systems (such as heat pumps), autonomous vehicles, monitoring systems, weather monitoring devices, vehicle parking monitoring devices, electric vehicle charging stations, smartwatches, fitness trackers, head-mounted displays for augmented reality (AR) or VR, wearable devices for haptic or sensory enhancement, sprinklers, animal or item tracking devices, sensors for monitoring plants or animals, industrial robots, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and any kind of medical device (such as heart rate monitors or remote-controlled surgical robots). In addition to the above... Figure 15 In addition to the other components described in the UE 1500 shown, UEs in the form of IoT devices also include circuitry and / or software depending on the intended application of the IoT device.

[0185] As another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurement and sends the results of such monitoring and / or measurement to another UE and / or network node. In this case, the UE can be an M2M device, which can be referred to as an MTC device in the 3GPP context. As a specific example, this UE can implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE can represent a vehicle (e.g., a car, bus, truck, ship, and aircraft) or other device capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.

[0186] In practice, any number of UEs can be used together for a single use case. For example, the first UE can be a drone or integrated into a drone, and provides the drone's speed information (obtained via a speed sensor) to a second UE, which is a remote controller for operating the drone. When the user makes a change from the remote controller, the first UE can adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g., by controlling the actuators) to increase or decrease the drone's speed. The first UE and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functions described above. For example, the UE can include sensors and actuators, and handle data communication between both the speed sensor and the actuators.

[0187] Figure 16A network node 1600 according to some embodiments is illustrated. As used herein, a network node refers to a device that is capable of, configured, arranged, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or devices in a telecommunications network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio BSs, node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), NR node Bs (gNBs)), and O-RAN nodes or components of O-RAN nodes (e.g., O-RUs, O-DUs, O-CUs).

[0188] Base stations can be classified based on the coverage they provide (or, in other words, their transmission power levels); therefore, depending on the coverage provided, a base station can be called a femtobase, picobase, microbase, or macrobase. A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor for a control relay. Network nodes can also include one or more (or all) portions of a distributed radio base station, such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in O-RAN access nodes), and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as remote radio headends (RRHs). These RRUs may or may not be integrated with antennas as antenna-integrated radio devices. A portion of a distributed radio base station can also be referred to as a node in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[0189] Other examples of network nodes include multi-transmitter point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) devices (e.g., MSR BS), network controllers (e.g., Radio Network Controller (RNC) or BS Controller (BSC)), base transceiver stations (BTS), transmitter points, transmitter nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCE), operations and maintenance (O&M) nodes, operations support system (OSS) nodes, self-organizing network (SON) nodes, location nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC)) and / or minimized drive test (MDT).

[0190] Network node 1600 includes processing circuitry 1602, memory 1604, communication interface 1606, and power supply 1608. Network node 1600 may consist of multiple physically separate components (e.g., Node B components and RNC components, BTS components and BSC components, etc.), each with its own corresponding components. In some scenarios where network node 1600 includes multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC can control multiple NodeBs. In such scenarios, each unique NodeB and RNC pair may be considered a single, separate network node in some cases. In some embodiments, network node 1600 may be configured to support multiple RATs. In such embodiments, some components may be replicated (e.g., separate memory 1604 exists for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 1610 may be shared by different RATs). Network node 1600 may also include multiple sets of various components shown herein for different wireless technologies (e.g., GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, RFID, or Bluetooth wireless technologies). These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or chipsets and other components within network node 1600.

[0191] Processing circuitry 1602 may include one or more of the following: a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or coding logic, operable to provide network node 1600 functionality, either alone or in combination with other network node 1600 components (e.g., memory 1604).

[0192] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1602 includes a system-on-a-chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1602 includes one or more of a radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1612 and a baseband processing circuitry 1614. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry 1612 and the baseband processing circuitry 1614 may be on separate chips (or chipsets), boards, or units (e.g., radio units and digital units). In alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuitry 1612 and the baseband processing circuitry 1614 may be on the same chip or chipset, board, or unit group.

[0193] Memory 1604 may include any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory, including but not limited to permanent storage devices, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, RAM, ROM, mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., flash drives, optical discs (CDs), or digital video discs (DVDs)) and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by processing circuitry 1602. Memory 1604 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including computer processes, software, applications including logic, rules, codes, tables, and / or other instructions that can be executed by processing circuitry 1602 and used by network node 1600. Memory 1604 may be used to store any calculations performed by processing circuitry 1602 and / or any data received via communication interface 1606. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1602 and memory 1604 are integrated together.

[0194] Communication interface 1606 is used for wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between network nodes, access networks, and / or UEs. As shown, communication interface 1606 includes a port / terminal 1616 for transmitting and receiving data to and from the network, for example, via a wired connection. Communication interface 1606 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1618, which may be coupled to antenna 1610, or in some embodiments to a portion of antenna 1610. Radio front-end circuitry 1618 includes a filter 1620 and an amplifier 1622. Radio front-end circuitry 1618 may be connected to antenna 1610 and processing circuitry 1602. Radio front-end circuitry 1618 may be configured to modulate the signal transmitted between antenna 1610 and processing circuitry 1602. Radio front-end circuitry 1618 may receive digital data to be transmitted to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. Radio front-end circuitry 1618 may use a combination of filter 1620 and / or amplifier 1622 to convert digital data into radio signals with appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters. Radio signals can then be transmitted via antenna 1610. Similarly, when data is received, antenna 1610 can collect radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by radio front-end circuitry 1618. The digital data can then be passed to processing circuitry 1602. In other embodiments, communication interface 1606 may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0195] In some alternative embodiments, network node 1600 does not include a separate radio front-end circuitry 1618; instead, processing circuitry 1602 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to antenna 1610. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1612 is part of communication interface 1606. In yet another embodiment, communication interface 1606 includes one or more ports or terminals 1616, radio front-end circuitry 1618, and RF transceiver circuitry 1612 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and communication interface 1606 communicates with baseband processing circuitry 1614, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0196] Antenna 1610 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1610 may be coupled to radio front-end circuitry 1618 and may be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and / or signals. In some embodiments, antenna 1610 is decoupled from network node 1600 and may be connected to network node 1600 via an interface or port.

[0197] Antenna 1610, communication interface 1606, and / or processing circuitry 1602 can be configured to perform any receive operation and / or certain acquire operation described herein by network node 1600. Any information, data, and / or signals can be received from the UE, another network node, and / or any other network device. Similarly, antenna 1610, communication interface 1606, and / or processing circuitry 1602 can be configured to perform any transmit operation described herein by network node 1600. Any information, data, and / or signals can be transmitted to the UE, another network node, and / or any other network device.

[0198] Power supply 1608 provides power to the various components of network node 1600 in a form suitable for the various components (e.g., at the voltage and current levels required by each respective component). Power supply 1608 may also include or be coupled to power management circuitry to supply power to the components of network node 1600 for performing the functions described herein. For example, network node 1600 may be connected to an external power source (e.g., the mains or a power outlet) via input circuitry or an interface (e.g., a cable), whereby the external power source supplies power to the power circuitry of power supply 1608. As another example, power supply 1608 may include a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack, which is connected to or integrated into the power circuitry. The battery can provide backup power if the external power source fails.

[0199] Embodiments of network node 1600 may include more than Figure 16Additional components shown are provided to offer certain aspects of the functionality of the network node, including any of the functions described herein and / or any functionality required to support the topics described herein. For example, network node 1600 may include a user interface device to allow information to be input into and output from network node 1600. This allows users to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other management functions on network node 1600.

[0200] Figure 17 This is a block diagram of host 1700 based on the various aspects described herein, which host 1700 can be Figure 14 The embodiment of host 1416. As used herein, host 1700 may be or include various combinations of hardware and / or software, including processing resources in a standalone server, blade server, cloud-implemented server, distributed server, virtual machine, container, or server cluster. Host 1700 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.

[0201] Host 1700 includes processing circuitry 1702 operably coupled via bus 1704 to input / output interface 1706, network interface 1708, power supply 1710, and memory 1712. Other components may be included in other embodiments. The features of these components may be substantially similar to those shown with respect to the previous figures (e.g., Figure 15 and Figure 16 The characteristics described for the device make its description generally applicable to the corresponding components of the host 1700.

[0202] Memory 1712 may include one or more computer programs, including data 1716 and one or more host applications 1714. Data 1716 may include user data, such as data generated by the UE for the host 1700, or data generated by the host 1700 for the UE. Embodiments of host 1700 may utilize only a subset or all of the illustrated components. Host application 1714 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Universal Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., Free-to-use Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for various categories, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., mobile phones, desktop computers, wearable display systems, head-up display systems). Host application 1714 may also provide user authentication and authorization checks and may periodically report health status, routing, and content availability to a central node (e.g., a device in the core network or a device at the edge of the core network). Therefore, host 1700 can select and / or indicate different hosts for over-the-top (OTT) services for the UE. Host application 1714 can support various protocols, such as HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), Real-time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH or MPEG-DASH), etc.

[0203] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates a block diagram of a virtualization environment 1800 in which functionality implemented by some embodiments can be virtualized. In this context, virtualization means creating a virtual version of an apparatus or device that may include a virtualized hardware platform, storage devices, and network resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device or component thereof described herein, and involves at least a portion of its functionality being implemented as an implementation of one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functionality described herein can be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) in one or more virtual environments 1800 hosted by one or more hardware nodes (e.g., hardware computing devices operating as network nodes, UEs, core network nodes, or hosts). Furthermore, in embodiments where virtual nodes do not require radio connectivity (e.g., core network nodes or hosts), the nodes can be fully virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1800 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an open cloud environment orchestrated via an O-2 interface by a service management and orchestration framework.

[0204] Application 1802 (which may alternatively be referred to as a software instance, virtual device, network function, virtual node, virtual network function, etc.) runs in virtualization environment 1800 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0205] Hardware 1804 includes processing circuitry, memory storing software and / or instructions executable by the hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices described herein (such as network interfaces, input / output interfaces, etc.). The software can be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1806 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 1808A and 1808B (one or more of which may generally be referred to as VM 1808), and / or perform any functions, features, and / or benefits described in relation to some embodiments described herein. Virtualization layer 1806 can present a virtual operating platform to VM 1808, which appears as network hardware.

[0206] VM 1808 includes virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual network or interface, and virtual storage, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1806. Different embodiments of instances of virtual device 1802 can be implemented on one or more VMs 1808, and these implementations can be made in different ways. In some contexts, hardware virtualization is referred to as Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to unify many network device types into industry-standard high-capacity server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can reside in data center and customer residential equipment.

[0207] In the context of NFV, a VM 1808 can be a software implementation of a physical machine, whose operating procedures are executed as if on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each VM 1808, along with the portion of hardware 1804 that executes that VM (whether it is dedicated hardware for that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with other VM 1808s), forms a separate virtual network element. Still within the context of NFV, the virtual network function is responsible for handling operations within one or more VM 1808s on top of hardware 1804 and corresponds to the specific network function of application 1802.

[0208] Hardware 1804 can be implemented in a standalone network node with general or specific components. Hardware 1804 can implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1804 can be part of a larger hardware cluster (e.g., in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed by management and orchestration 1810, which in particular oversees the lifecycle management of application 1802. In some embodiments, hardware 1804 is coupled to one or more radio units, each radio unit including one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that can be coupled to one or more antennas. The radio units can communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more suitable network interfaces and can be used in conjunction with virtual components to provide radio capabilities to virtual nodes (e.g., RAN or base stations). In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided by using a control system 1812, which can alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.

[0209] Figure 19 A communication diagram is shown illustrating communication between host 1902 and UE 1906 via network node 1904 through a partial wireless connection according to some embodiments. Reference will now be made to... Figure 19 Describe the UE discussed in the preceding paragraphs (e.g., Figure 14 UE1412A and / or Figure 15 UE 1500), network nodes (e.g., Figure 14 Network node 1410A and / or Figure 16 Network node 1600) and host (e.g., Figure 14 Host 1416 and / or Figure 17 Example implementations of the host 1700 according to various embodiments.

[0210] Similar to host 1700, embodiments of host 1902 include hardware such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. Host 1902 also includes software stored in host 1902 or accessible by host 1902 and executable by the processing circuitry. This software includes a host application operable to provide services to remote users, such as UE 1906 connected via an OTT connection 1950 extending between UE 1906 and host 1902. When providing services to remote users, the host application can provide user data transmitted using OTT connection 1950.

[0211] Network node 1904 includes hardware that enables it to communicate with host 1902 and UE 1906. Connection 1960 can be a direct connection or via a core network (such as...). Figure 14The connection to the core network (1406) and / or one or more other intermediate networks (e.g., one or more public, private, or hosted networks). For example, an intermediate network could be a backbone network or the Internet.

[0212] UE 1906 includes hardware and software, the software being stored in or accessible by UE 1906 and executable by the UE's processing circuitry. This software includes client applications (e.g., web browsers or carrier-specific "applications") operable to provide services to human or non-human users via UE 1906, supported by host 1902. In host 1902, the executing host application can communicate with the executing client application via OTT connection 1950, which terminates between UE 1906 and host 1902. When providing services to a user, the UE's client application can receive request data from the host application of the host and, in response to the request data, provide user data. OTT connection 1950 can send both request data and user data. The UE's client application can interact with the user to generate user data provided to the host application via OTT connection 1950.

[0213] OTT connection 1950 can be extended via connection 1960 between host 1902 and network node 1904 and via wireless connection 1970 between network node 1904 and UE 1906 to provide connectivity between host 1902 and UE 1906. Connection 1960 and wireless connection 1970, which provide OTT connection 1950, have been abstractly drawn to illustrate communication between host 1902 and UE 1906 via network node 1904, without explicitly involving any intermediate devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.

[0214] As an example of sending data via OTT connection 1950, in step 1908, host 1902 provides user data, which can be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a specific human user interacting with UE 1906. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with UE 1906, which shares data with host 1902 without explicit human interaction. In step 1910, host 1902 initiates a transmission to UE 1906 carrying the user data. Host 1902 may initiate the transmission in response to a request sent by UE 1906. This request may be caused by human interaction with UE 1906 or by the operation of a client application executed on UE 1906. According to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, this transmission may be delivered via network node 1904. Therefore, in step 1912, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, network node 1904 sends user data carried in a transmission initiated by host 1902 to UE 1906. In step 1914, UE 1906 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which can be performed by a client application running on UE 1906, associated with a host application running by host 1902.

[0215] In some examples, UE 1906 executes a client application that provides user data to host 1902. User data can be provided as a response to data received from host 1902. Therefore, in step 1916, UE 1906 can provide user data, which can be done by executing the client application. When providing user data, the client application may also consider user input received from a user via the input / output interface of UE 1906. Regardless of the specific manner in which user data is provided, in step 1918, UE 1906 initiates a transmission of user data to host 1902 via network node 1904. In step 1920, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, network node 1904 receives user data from UE 1906 and initiates the transmission of the received user data to host 1902. In step 1922, host 1902 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by UE 1906.

[0216] One or more embodiments in various examples improve the performance of the OTT service provided to the UE 1906 using OTT connection 1950, in which wireless connection 1970 forms the final part.

[0217] In the example scenario, host 1902 can collect and analyze plant status information. As another example, host 1902 can process audio and video data that has been retrieved from the UE for creating mappings. As another example, host 1902 can collect and analyze real-time data to help control vehicle congestion (e.g., control traffic lights). As another example, host 1902 can store surveillance video uploaded by the UE. As another example, host 1902 can store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR, or AR, which can be broadcast, multicast, or unicast to the UE. As other examples, host 1902 can be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time-critical power loads to balance generation demand, location services, presentation services (e.g., compiling charts based on data collected from remote devices), or any other function that collects, retrieves, stores, analyzes, and / or transmits data.

[0218] In some examples, a measurement process may be provided for monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors that are the object of improvement in one or more embodiments. Optional network functions may also be present for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1950 between host 1902 and UE 1906 in response to changes in measurement results. The measurement process and / or the network functions for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1950 may be implemented in the software and hardware of host 1902 and / or UE 1906. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with other devices traversed by the OTT connection 1950; the sensors may participate in the measurement process by providing values ​​of the monitored quantities exemplified above or by providing values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of the OTT connection 1950 may include message formatting, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; reconfiguration does not require a direct change to the operation of network node 1904. Such processes and functions may be known and practiced in the art. In some embodiments, the measurement may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates host 1902's measurement of throughput, propagation time, latency, etc. Measurements can be achieved by having the software use an OTT connection 1950 to send messages (especially empty or “virtual” messages) while monitoring propagation time, errors, etc.

[0219] While the computing devices described herein (e.g., UE, network node, host) may include combinations of the hardware components shown, other embodiments may include computing devices with different combinations of components. It should be understood that these computing devices may include any suitable combination of hardware and / or software required to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. The determination, calculation, acquisition, or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry that processes information in ways such as: converting acquired information into other information, comparing the acquired or converted information with information stored in a network node, and / or performing one or more actions based on the acquired or converted information, and making determinations based on the results of said processing. Furthermore, although components are depicted as single boxes located within larger boxes or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a computing device may include multiple different physical components constituting a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between individual components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of a component may be partitioned between processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any such component may be implemented in software or firmware, and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0220] In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be provided by processing circuitry that executes instructions stored in memory, which in some embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functions may be provided by the processing circuitry, for example, in a hard-wired manner, without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium. In any of these particular embodiments, the processing circuitry may be configured to perform the described functions regardless of whether instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functions are not limited to the individual processing circuitry or other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed holistically by the computing device and / or generally by the end user and wireless network.

[0221] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of this disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to fall within the scope of the concept disclosed herein.

[0222] Some example embodiments of this disclosure are as follows:

[0223] Group A Examples

[0224] Example 1: A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising any one or more of the following:

[0225] Receive (500) Channel State Information (CSI) report configuration from the network node, which includes information configuring CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurements;

[0226] Receive (500) information from the network node regarding one or more power back-offs of one or more beams or one or more beam groups;

[0227] Considering the one or more power backoffs, channel state information (CSI) is calculated (504) based on channel measurements of the configured CSI-RS resources; and

[0228] Report (506) CSI to the network node.

[0229] Example 2: The method according to Example 1 further includes receiving (502) a command from a network node for a CSI report configured according to a CSI report.

[0230] Example 3: The method according to Example 1 or 2, wherein the configuration of CSI-RS resources includes the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0231] Example 4: According to the method of Example 3, each power back-off in one or more power back-offs is for the total PDSCH transmit power per resource element determined by the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0232] Example 5: According to the method of Example 3 or 4, wherein calculating (504) CSI includes, for rank 1 transmission, calculating the CSI associated with the specific beam based on the ratio of a new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE of the PDSCH transmission using the specific beam, the ratio of the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE based on power back-off associated with the specific beam or a specific beam group including the specific beam.

[0233] Example 6: According to the method of Example 3 or 4, when multiple beams on multiple layers are selected for downlink data transmission and when calculating (504) CSI in the case that at least one of the multiple beams is not configured with power back-off, the UE assumes the configured PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0234] Example 7: According to the method of Example 3 or 4, when calculating (504) CSI while selecting multiple beams on multiple layers for downlink data transmission and with non-zero power backoff configured for each of the multiple beams, the transmit power per RE PDSCH is reduced, wherein the reduction amount is determined based on the power backoff associated with the multiple beams (e.g., determined to be...). ,Right now ).

[0235] Example 8: According to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein, for CSI feedback based on NR type I codebook, calculating (504)CSI includes: determining at the UE by maximizing The determined precoder ,in, It is based on the estimated channel of CSI-RS, including CSI-RS transmit power, and yes Through with A scaled version of the associated power backoff.

[0236] Example 9: According to the method described in Example 8, the calculation of (504) CSI further includes: based on signal components The CQI is calculated by adding receiver noise and interference, where, It is the channel traversed by PDSCH, and It is the ratio of the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE.

[0237] Example 10: According to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein, for CSI feedback based on NR type II codebook, calculating (504)CSI includes: based on universal power back-off of different layers ( To calculate the CSI, all beams included in the precoder must meet the power back-off requirement, i.e., , where W is the precoding matrix in the Type II codebook.

[0238] Example 11: The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein one or more power backoffs include a single power backoff value for each beam group in at least a subset of the beam group set, wherein each beam group in the beam group set includes one or more beams.

[0239] Example 12: The method described in Example 11, wherein the beam set is predefined.

[0240] Example 13: According to the method described in Example 11, the beam set is configured to the UE by the network node.

[0241] Example 14: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 13, wherein at least a subset of the beam set configured with power backoff is the beam set.

[0242] Example 15: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 13, wherein at least a subset of the beam set configured with power backoff is a subset of the beam set.

[0243] Example 16: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 15, wherein the beam set includes beams having the same oversampling index. Beamset.

[0244] Example 17: The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 16, wherein one or more power backoffs are signaled only for one of two or more dimensions (e.g., only for the elevation dimension).

[0245] Example 18: The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein receiving (500) information about one or more power back-offs of one or more beams or one or more beam groups includes receiving (500) information about one or more power back-offs as part of a CSI report configuration.

[0246] Example 19: The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 18 further includes: receiving configuration of parameters from a network node, the parameters indicating that CSI-RS resources used for channel measurements to calculate CSI will be associated with one or more power back-offs.

[0247] Example 20: The method according to Example 19, wherein the parameter is a part of any of the following: CSI-RS resource, associated CSI-RS resource set, CSI report configuration, or associated codebook configuration.

[0248] Example 21: The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to the host via transmission to a network node.

[0249] Group B Implementation Examples

[0250] Example 22: A method performed by a network node, the method comprising any one or more of the following operations:

[0251] Send a (600) Channel State Information (CSI) report configuration to the UE, which includes information on configuring CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurements;

[0252] Send (600) information to the UE regarding one or more power back-offs of one or more beams or one or more beam groups;

[0253] Receives (604) a Channel State Information (CSI) report configured according to a CSI report from the UE, the CSI report including CSIs that take into account one or more power backoffs; and

[0254] (606) downlink data transmission (e.g., PDSCH) is sent to the UE according to the CSI, while power back-off associated with each beam applied to the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI.

[0255] Example 23: The method according to Example 22 further includes: sending (602) CSI-RS to the UE in the CSI-RS resource, and sending a command to the UE to obtain a CSI report configured according to the CSI report.

[0256] Example 24: The method according to Example 22 or 23, wherein the configuration of CSI-RS resources includes the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0257] Example 25: The method according to Example 24, wherein each power back-off in one or more power back-offs is for the total PDSCH transmit power per resource element determined by the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

[0258] Example 26: The method according to any one of Examples 22 to 25, wherein one or more power backoffs include a single power backoff value for each beam group in at least a subset of the beam group set, wherein each beam group in the beam group set includes one or more beams.

[0259] Example 27: The method described in Example 26, wherein the beam set is predefined.

[0260] Example 28: The method described in Example 26, wherein the beam set is configured to the UE by the network node.

[0261] Example 29: The method according to any one of Examples 26 to 28, wherein at least a subset of the beam set configured with power backoff is the beam set.

[0262] Example 30: The method according to any one of Examples 26 to 28, wherein at least a subset of the beam set configured with power backoff is a subset of the beam set.

[0263] Example 31: The method according to any one of Examples 26 to 30, wherein the beam set includes beams having the same oversampling index. Beamset.

[0264] Example 32: The method according to any one of Examples 22 to 31, wherein one or more power backoffs are signaled only for one of two or more dimensions (e.g., only for the elevation dimension).

[0265] Example 33: The method according to any one of Examples 22 to 32, wherein sending (600) information about one or more power back-offs of one or more beams or one or more beam groups includes: sending (600) information about one or more power back-offs as part of the CSI report configuration.

[0266] Example 34: The method according to any one of Examples 22 to 33 further includes: sending the configuration of parameters to the UE, the parameters indicating that the CSI-RS resources used for channel measurements to calculate CSI will be associated with one or more power back-offs.

[0267] Example 35: The method according to Example 34, wherein the parameter is a part of any of the following: CSI-RS resource, associated CSI-RS resource set, CSI report configuration, or associated codebook configuration.

[0268] Example 36: The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or user equipment.

[0269] Group C Implementation Examples

[0270] Example 37: A user equipment includes: a processing circuit configured to perform any step described in any embodiment of Group A; and a power supply circuit configured to supply power to the processing circuit.

[0271] Example 38: A network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps described in any of the embodiments of Group B; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.

[0272] Example 39: A user equipment (UE) includes: an antenna configured to transmit and receive radio signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and processing circuitry and configured to modulate signals transmitted between the antenna and processing circuitry; processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps described in any of the example embodiments of Group A; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow information to be input into the UE for processing by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.

[0273] Example 40: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide over-the-top (OTT) services, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node being configured to perform any operation according to any embodiment of the Group B examples to transmit user data from the host to the UE.

[0274] Example 41: The host according to the foregoing embodiments, wherein: the host's processing circuitry is configured to execute a host application that provides user data, and the UE includes processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive transmissions of user data from the host.

[0275] Example 42: A method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system, the communication system further including a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data to the UE; and initiating a transmission to the UE via a cellular network including the network node, the transmission carrying the user data, wherein the network node performs any operation according to any embodiment of the Group B examples to send the user data from the host to the UE.

[0276] Example 43: The method according to the foregoing embodiments further includes: at the network node, sending user data provided by the host to the UE.

[0277] Example 44: The method described in any of the two preceding examples, wherein user data is provided at a host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executed on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[0278] Example 45: A communication system configured to provide over-the-top (OTT) services, the communication system including a host, the host including: processing circuitry configured to provide user data associated with the OTT service to a user equipment (UE); and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node being configured to perform any operation described in any embodiment of the Group B examples to transmit user data from the host to the UE.

[0279] Example 46: The communication system according to the foregoing embodiments further includes: a network node; and / or a UE.

[0280] Example 47: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide over-the-top (OTT) services, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to initiate reception of user data; and a network interface configured to receive user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node being configured to perform any operation described in any embodiment of the Group B examples to receive user data for the host from a user equipment (UE).

[0281] Example 48: The host according to the two embodiments above, wherein: the host's processing circuitry is configured to execute a host application for receiving user data, and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[0282] Example 49: The host according to any of the two embodiments above, wherein initiating the reception of user data includes requesting user data.

[0283] Example 50: A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system including a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, initiating the reception of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission already received from the UE by the network node, wherein the network node performs any of the steps described in any embodiment of the Group B examples to receive user data for the host from the UE.

[0284] Example 51: The method described in the foregoing embodiments further includes: sending the received user data to the host at the network node.

[0285] Example 52: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide over-the-top (OTT) services, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE includes a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the operations described in any of the embodiments in Group A to receive user data from the host.

[0286] Example 53: The host according to the foregoing embodiments, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to send user data from the host to the UE.

[0287] Example 54: The host according to the two embodiments above, wherein: the host's processing circuitry is configured to execute a host application to provide user data, and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[0288] Example 55: A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system, the communication system further comprising a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data to the UE; and initiating a transmission to the UE via a cellular network including the network node, the transmission carrying the user data, wherein the UE performs any of the steps described in any embodiment of the Group A examples to receive the user data from the host.

[0289] Example 56: The method according to the foregoing embodiments further includes: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executed on the UE to receive user data from the host application.

[0290] Example 57: The method according to the foregoing embodiments further includes: at the host, sending input data to a client application executed on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein user data is provided by the client application in response to input data from the host application.

[0291] Example 58: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide over-the-top (OTT) services, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate the transmission of user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE includes a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps described in any embodiment of Group A examples to transmit user data to the host.

[0292] Example 59: The host according to the foregoing embodiments, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to send user data from the UE to the host.

[0293] Example 60: The host according to the two embodiments described above, wherein: the host's processing circuitry is configured to execute a host application to provide user data, and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[0294] Example 61: A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system including a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, receiving user data sent by the UE to the host via the network node, wherein the UE performs any of the steps described in any embodiment of the Group A examples to send the user data to the host.

[0295] Example 62: The method according to the foregoing embodiments further includes: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executed on the UE to receive user data from the UE.

[0296] Example 63: The method according to the foregoing two examples further includes: at the host, sending input data to a client application executed on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein user data is provided by the client application in response to input data from the host application.

[0297] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of this disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to fall within the scope of the concept disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive (500) Channel State Information (CSI) Report Configuration from a network node, the CSI Report Configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Receive (500) information about the power back-off of the plurality of beams from the network node; (504) Channel State Information (CSI) is calculated based on channel measurements of one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook, and the power backoff; and Report the CSI (506) to the network node.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving (502) a command from the network node for a CSI report configured according to the CSI report.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The information in the codebook includes information in the first dimension. One antenna port and on the second dimension Information about each antenna port, wherein the plurality of beams are One oversampled Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beam, wherein, along the first dimension, there are Several beams and along the second dimension One beam, of which and These are the oversampling factors along the first dimension and the second dimension, respectively.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, Information regarding power backoff includes the power scaling factor for each of the plurality of beams.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Information regarding power backoff includes a power scaling factor for each of a plurality of non-overlapping beam groups, wherein each of the plurality of beam groups comprises X (>=1) × Y (>=1) adjacent beams from the plurality of beams, where X and Y are the number of adjacent beams along the first dimension and the second dimension, respectively.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, Each of the multiple non-overlapping beamgroups includes all beams along the first dimension, i.e., X= .

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein, Each of the multiple non-overlapping beamgroups includes all beams along the second dimension, i.e., Y = .

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein, The multiple non-overlapping beam groups are predefined.

9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein, The multiple non-overlapping beam groups are configured by the network nodes.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The power scaling factor is represented by a plurality of bits, wherein each code point of the plurality of bits is mapped to a power scaling factor value less than or equal to 1, wherein a power scaling factor value of 1 indicates no power backoff.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The information configured for the one or more CSI-RS resources includes the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and the Energy Per Resource Element (EPRE) ratio of the CSI-RS.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Each of the power back-offs is for the nominal PDSCH transmit power per resource element, determined by the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Calculating CSI includes: selecting a precoding matrix from the codebook of the precoding matrix for a given rank, and calculating the channel quality associated with the selected precoding matrix, wherein the selected precoding matrix is ​​reported by the UE as a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and the channel quality is reported as a channel quality indicator (CQI).

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The calculation of the CSI (504) includes: for rank 1 transmission, calculating the CSI associated with the specific beam based on the ratio of the new PDSCH to the CSI-RS EPRE of the PDSCH transmission using the specific beam, the ratio of the new PDSCH to the CSI-RS EPRE based on power back-off associated with the specific beam or a specific beam group including the specific beam.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, When multiple beams are selected and one beam per layer is used for PDSCH transmission and at least one of the multiple beams is not configured with power backoff, the PDSCH transmit power of the at least one beam can be increased to equal the power reduction of the remaining beams in the multiple beams due to power backoff, and the calculation of (504) the CSI includes: calculating the CSI based on the configured PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, When multiple beams are selected, with one beam per layer used for PDSCH transmission, and if each of the multiple beams is configured with a power scaling factor less than 1, then when calculating the CSI (504), the PDSCH transmit power per RE used is reduced, wherein the amount of reduction is determined based on the power back-off associated with the multiple beams (e.g., determined to be...). ,Right now ).

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The reduction amount was determined to be Where L is the number of beams, and It is the power scaling factor associated with the i-th beam.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, When each layer comprises a single beam, calculating (504) the CSI includes determining the pre-encoder. The precoder is used at the UE by maximizing It is determined, among which, It is an estimated channel based on the one or more CSI-RS resources, and yes Through with The version of power back-off scaling associated with one or more beams included in the calculation.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The calculation of the CSI (504) further includes: based on signal components The channel quality indicator (CQI) is calculated by adding receiver noise and interference, where, It is the channel traversed by the PDSCH, and It is the ratio of the new PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, When each layer includes multiple beams, calculating the CSI in (504) includes: general power back-off based on different layers, To determine the pre-encoder This ensures that all beams included in the precoding matrix meet the power back-off requirement, i.e. ,in, It is the pre-encoder of the i-th layer, and These are the complex beam combination coefficients associated with layer 1 and beam i.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The general power back-off is ,in, It is the number of beams. It is rank. It is aimed at the first Power back-off of beam configuration, and It is the first Layer and first The complex combination coefficients of the beam.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, Receiving (500) information about power back-off for each of the plurality of beams or for each of the plurality of beam groups includes: receiving (500) information about the power back-off as part of the CSI reporting configuration.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, Receiving (500) information about power backoff for each of the plurality of beams or for each of the plurality of beam groups includes receiving (500) information about the power backoff as part of a codebook configuration.

24. A user equipment (UE), suitable for: Receive (500) Channel State Information (CSI) Report Configuration from a network node, the CSI Report Configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Receive (500) information about the power back-off of the plurality of beams from the network node; (504) Channel State Information (CSI) is calculated based on channel measurements of one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook, and the power backoff; and Report the CSI (506) to the network node.

25. The UE according to claim 24 is also suitable for performing the method according to any one of claims 2 to 23.

26. A user equipment (UE) (1500), comprising: The communication interface (1512) includes a transmitter (1518) and a receiver (1520). as well as A processing circuit (1502), associated with the communication interface (1512), is configured to cause the UE (1500) to: Receive (500) Channel State Information (CSI) Report Configuration from a network node, the CSI Report Configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Receive (500) information about the power back-off of the plurality of beams from the network node; (504) Channel State Information (CSI) is calculated based on channel measurements of one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook, and the power backoff; and Report the CSI (506) to the network node.

27. The UE according to claim 26, wherein, The processing circuit is further configured to cause the UE to perform the method according to any one of claims 2 to 23.

28. A method performed by a network node, the method comprising: Send a (600) Channel State Information (CSI) report configuration to the UE, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Send (600) information about power back-off of multiple beams to the UE; Receive (604) from the UE a CSI report configured according to the CSI report, the CSI report including CSI based on one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook and the power back-off; as well as According to the CSI, downlink data transmission (606) is sent to the UE, and power back-off associated with each beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI is applied.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: In one or more CSI-RS resources, a (602) CSI-RS is sent to the UE, and a command is sent to the UE to obtain a CSI report configured according to the CSI report.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein, The information in the codebook includes information in the first dimension. One antenna port and on the second dimension Information about each antenna port, wherein the plurality of beams are One oversampled Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beam, wherein, along the first dimension, there are Several beams and along the second dimension One beam, of which and These are the oversampling factors along the first dimension and the second dimension, respectively.

31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein, Information regarding power backoff includes the power scaling factor for each of the plurality of beams.

32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein: Information regarding power backoff includes a power scaling factor for each of a plurality of non-overlapping beam groups, wherein each of the plurality of beam groups comprises X (>=1) × Y (>=1) adjacent beams from the plurality of beams, where X and Y are the number of adjacent beams along the first dimension and the second dimension, respectively.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein, Each of the multiple non-overlapping beamgroups includes all beams along the first dimension, i.e., X= .

34. The method according to claim 32, wherein, Each of the multiple non-overlapping beamgroups includes all beams along the second dimension, i.e., Y = .

35. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein, The multiple non-overlapping beam groups are predefined.

36. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein, The multiple non-overlapping beam groups are configured by the network nodes.

37. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 36, wherein, The power scaling factor is represented by a plurality of bits, wherein each code point of the plurality of bits is mapped to a power scaling factor value less than or equal to 1, wherein a power scaling factor value of 1 indicates no power backoff.

38. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 29, wherein, The information configured for the one or more CSI-RS resources includes the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and the Energy Per Resource Element (EPRE) ratio of the CSI-RS.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein, Each of the power back-offs refers to the nominal PDSCH transmit power per resource element, determined by the PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

40. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 39, wherein, When multiple beams are selected and one beam per layer is used for PDSCH transmission and at least one of the multiple beams is not configured with power backoff, the PDSCH transmit power of the at least one beam can be increased to equal the power reduction of the remaining beams in the multiple beams due to power backoff, and the calculation of (504) the CSI includes: calculating the CSI based on the configured PDSCH to CSI-RS EPRE ratio.

41. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 39, wherein, When multiple beams are selected, with one beam per layer used for PDSCH transmission, and if each of the multiple beams is configured with a power scaling factor less than 1, then when calculating the CSI (504), the PDSCH transmit power per RE used is reduced, wherein the amount of reduction is determined based on the power back-off associated with the multiple beams (e.g., determined to be...). ,Right now ).

42. The method according to claim 41, wherein, The reduction amount was determined to be Where L is the number of beams, and It is the power scaling factor associated with the i-th beam.

43. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 42, wherein, Sending (600) information about the power backoff includes: sending (600) information about the power backoff as part of the CSI report configuration.

44. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, Sending (600) information about the power backoff includes sending (600) information about the power backoff as part of the codebook configuration.

45. A network node, suitable for: Send a (600) Channel State Information (CSI) report configuration to the UE, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Send (600) information about power back-off of multiple beams to the UE; Receive (604) from the UE a CSI report configured according to the CSI report, the CSI report including CSI based on one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook and the power back-off; as well as According to the CSI, downlink data transmission (606) is sent to the UE, and power back-off associated with each beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI is applied.

46. ​​The network node according to claim 45 is also suitable for performing the method according to any one of claims 29 to 44.

47. A network node (1600) including processing circuitry (1602), the processing circuitry (1602) being configured to cause the network node to: Send a (600) Channel State Information (CSI) report configuration to the UE, the CSI report configuration including information configuring one or more CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources for channel measurement and information on the codebook of precoding matrices, each precoding matrix including one or more beams from a plurality of beams; Send (600) information about power back-off of multiple beams to the UE; Receive (604) from the UE a CSI report configured according to the CSI report, the CSI report including CSI based on one or more configured CSI-RS resources, the codebook and the power back-off; as well as According to the CSI, downlink data transmission (606) is sent to the UE, and power back-off associated with each beam associated with the precoder indicated by the PMI included in the received CSI is applied.

48. The network node according to claim 47, wherein, The processing circuitry is further configured to cause the network node to perform the method according to any one of claims 29 to 44.

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