Method and apparatus for device-to-device communication in a wireless communication system

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for device-to-device communication in a wireless communication system are disclosed. One embodiment of the method according to this disclosure may include the steps of: receiving information related to a set of time and / or frequency resources from a base station by a first device; and transmitting a first transmission by the first device to a second device on time and / or frequency resources selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to methods and apparatus for communication between devices in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] Mobile communication systems have been developed to provide voice services while ensuring user mobility. However, mobile communication systems have expanded to include data and voice services, and currently, explosive business growth has led to resource shortages, and users are demanding faster services, thus requiring more advanced mobile communication systems.

[0003] The overall requirements for next-generation mobile communication systems should be able to support the capacity for explosive data traffic, significantly increased transmission rates per user, a significantly increased number of connected devices, very low end-to-end latency, and high energy efficiency. To this end, various technologies such as dual connectivity, massive MIMO, in-band full-duplex, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), ultra-wideband support, and device networking have been investigated. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical issues

[0005] The technical objective of this disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for communication between a device operating as a reader (e.g., a base station, user equipment (UE), etc.) and a device operating as a tag in a wireless communication system supporting the Environment Internet of Things (A-IoT).

[0006] The technical objectives to be achieved by this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and other technical objectives not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art through the following description.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] A method according to one aspect of this disclosure may include: receiving information related to a set of time and / or frequency resources from a base station by a first device; and sending a first transmission to a second device on time and / or frequency resources selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources by the first device. The time and / or frequency resources may be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on receiving a specific transmission from the base station or the second device.

[0009] The method according to an additional aspect of this disclosure may include: receiving a first transmission from a first device by a second device on time and / or frequency resources selected from a set of time and / or frequency resources configured by a base station; and transmitting a second transmission to the first device in response to the first transmission. The time and / or frequency resources may be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on a specific transmission being transmitted from the base station or the second device.

[0010] Beneficial effects

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, communication between a device operating as a reader and a device operating as a tag in an A-IoT-enabled wireless communication system can be smoothly performed.

[0012] Furthermore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, resource conflicts in communication between a device operating as a reader and a device operating as a tag in a wireless communication system supporting A-IoT can be prevented.

[0013] The effects achievable by this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art can clearly understand other effects not described herein through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description of this disclosure, provide embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the detailed description, describe the technical features of the disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 The structure of a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 2 A frame structure in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 3 An example is shown of a resource grid in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0018] Figure 4 Examples of physical resource blocks in wireless communication systems to which this disclosure can be applied are shown.

[0019] Figure 5 The time slot structure in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0020] Figure 6 Examples are given of physical channels used in wireless communication systems to which this disclosure may be applied, and general methods for transmitting and receiving signals using such physical channels.

[0021] Figure 8An example is given of the overall process between an A-IoT device and a reader in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure may be applied.

[0022] Figure 9 A logical system architecture in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0023] Figure 10 Four topologies for environmental IoT are illustrated in wireless communication systems where the present disclosure can be applied.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of an environmental IoT device accessing a reader device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the symbol duration for environmental IoT communication in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0026] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating environmental IoT communication in the time domain in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0027] Figure 14 It is a sequence diagram illustrating the signaling between a terminal (e.g., a UE or an environmental IoT device) and a base station in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure may be applied.

[0028] Figure 15 The operation of a device for communication between devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0029] Figure 16 The operation of a device for communication between devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0030] Figure 17 A block diagram illustrating a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In the following, embodiments according to this disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description disclosed with reference to the drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and not to represent the only embodiments in which this disclosure can be implemented. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a complete understanding of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure can be implemented without these specific details.

[0032] In some cases, known structures and devices may be omitted, or they may be shown in block diagram form based on the core functions of each structure and device in order to prevent ambiguity in the concepts of this disclosure.

[0033] In this disclosure, when an element is referred to as “connected,” “combined,” or “linked” to another element, it can include both indirect and direct connections between the two elements. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the terms “comprising” or “having” specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, components, and / or elements, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, stages, operations, components, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0034] In this disclosure, terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one element from another and are not used to limit the elements. Unless otherwise stated, they do not limit the order or importance of the elements. Therefore, within the scope of this disclosure, a first element in one embodiment may be referred to as a second element in another embodiment, and similarly, a second element in one embodiment may be referred to as a first element in another embodiment.

[0035] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and not for limiting the claims. As used in the description of embodiments and the appended claims, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “and / or” as used in this disclosure may refer to one of the associated enumerations, or is intended to refer to and include any and all possible combinations of two or more of them. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the “ / ” between words in this disclosure has the same meaning as “and / or”.

[0036] This disclosure describes a wireless communication network or wireless communication system, and operations performed in the wireless communication network can be performed in the process of a device (e.g., a base station) controlling the network and transmitting or receiving signals, or in the process of a terminal associated with the corresponding wireless network transmitting or receiving signals with the network or between the terminal.

[0037] In this disclosure, the term "transmit or receive channel" includes the meaning of transmitting or receiving information or signals through a corresponding channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or control signals through a control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or data signals through a data channel.

[0038] In the following text, downlink (DL) refers to communication from a base station to a terminal, while uplink (UL) refers to communication from a terminal to a base station. In the downlink, the transmitter can be part of the base station, and the receiver can be part of the terminal. In the uplink, the transmitter can be part of the terminal, and the receiver can be part of the base station. A base station can be referred to as a first communication device, and a terminal can be referred to as a second communication device. A base station (BS) can be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNB (evolved Node B), gNB (next-generation Node B), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point (AP), Network (5G network), AI (Artificial Intelligence) system / module, RSU (Roadside Unit), robot, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), AR (Augmented Reality) device, VR (Virtual Reality) device, etc. In addition, terminals can be fixed or mobile, and can be replaced by terms such as UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), WT (Wireless Terminal), MTC (Machine-Type Communication) equipment, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) equipment, D2D (Device-to-Device) equipment, vehicle, RSU (Roadside Unit), robot, AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), AR (Augmented Reality) equipment, VR (Virtual Reality) equipment, etc.

[0039] The following descriptions can be used for various radio access systems, such as CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. CDMA can be implemented using technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA, and LTE-A (Advanced) / LTE-A pro are advanced versions of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an advanced version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A pro.

[0040] To make the description clearer, it is based on 3GPP communication systems (e.g., LTE-A, NR), but the technical ideas of this disclosure are not limited thereto. LTE refers to technology from 3GPP TS (Technical Specification) version 8 onwards. Specifically, LTE technology in or after 3GPP TS 36.xxx version 10 is referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology in or after 3GPP TS 36.xxx version 13 is referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR refers to technology in or after TS 38.xxx version 15. LTE / NR can be referred to as a 3GPP system. "xxx" refers to the detailed number of the standard document. LTE / NR is generally referred to as a 3GPP system. For background technology, terminology, abbreviations, etc., used to describe this disclosure, reference can be made to the matters described in the standard documents previously published. For example, the following documents can be consulted.

[0041] For 3GPP LTE, you can refer to TS 36.211 (Physical Channels and Modulation), TS 36.212 (Multiplexing and Channel Coding), TS 36.213 (Physical Layer Procedures), TS 36.300 (General Description), and TS 36.331 (Radio Resource Control).

[0042] For 3GPP NR, you can refer to TS 38.211 (Physical Channels and Modulation), TS 38.212 (Multiplexing and Channel Coding), TS 38.213 (Physical Layer Procedures for Control), TS 38.214 (Physical Layer Procedures for Data), TS 38.300 (General Description of NR and NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network)), and TS 38.331 (Radio Resource Control Protocol Specification).

[0043] The abbreviations of terms that may be used in this disclosure are defined as follows.

[0044] - BM: Beam Management

[0045] - CQI: Channel Quality Indicator

[0046] - CRI: Channel State Information - Reference Signal Resource Indicator

[0047] - CSI: Channel State Information

[0048] - CSI-IM: Channel State Information - Interference Measurement

[0049] - CSI-RS: Channel State Information - Reference Signal

[0050] - DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0051] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0052] - FFT: Fast Fourier Transform

[0053] - IFDMA: Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access

[0054] - IFFT: Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

[0055] - L1-RSRP: Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power

[0056] - L1-RSRQ: Layer 1 Reference Signal Receive Quality

[0057] - MAC: Media Access Control

[0058] - NZP: Non-zero power

[0059] - OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0060] - PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0061] - PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0062] - PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator

[0063] - RE: Resource Elements

[0064] - RI: Rank Indicator

[0065] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0066] - RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0067] - Rx: Receive

[0068] - QCL: Quasi-co-location

[0069] SINR: Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio

[0070] - SSB (or SS / PBCH block): Synchronization signal block (including PSS (primary synchronization signal), SSS (secondary synchronization signal), and PBCH (physical broadcast channel))

[0071] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0072] - TRP: Transmitting and Receiving Point

[0073] - TRS: Tracking Reference Signal

[0074] - Tx: Send

[0075] - UE: User Equipment

[0076] - ZP: Zero Power

[0077] Overall System

[0078] With more communication devices requiring higher capacity, there has been a demand for improved mobile broadband communications compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). Furthermore, massive MTC (machine-type communication) that provides various services anytime, anywhere by connecting multiple devices and things is also one of the main issues to be considered in next-generation communications. In addition, communication system designs considering services / terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are discussed. Therefore, the introduction of next-generation RATs considering eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband communication), mMTC (massive MTC), URLLC (ultra-reliable low-latency communication), etc., is discussed, and for convenience, the corresponding technologies are referred to as NR in this disclosure. NR is an example expression representing 5G RAT.

[0079] New RAT systems, including those for NR, use OFDM or similar transmission methods. These new RAT systems may follow OFDM parameters different from those used in LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT systems may follow existing LTE / LTE-A parameters as is, but may support a wider system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Alternatively, a single cell may support multiple parameter sets. In other words, terminals operating according to different parameter sets can coexist in a single cell.

[0080] The parameter set corresponds to a subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain. Different parameter sets can be defined as the reference subcarrier spacing is scaled by an integer N.

[0081] Figure 1 The structure of a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0082] Reference Figure 1 The NG-RAN is configured with gNBs that provide control plane (RRC) protocol support for the NG-RA (NG Radio Access) user plane (i.e., the new AS (Access Layer) sublayer / PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) / RLC (Radio Link Control) / MAC / PHY) and UE. The gNBs interconnect via the Xn interface. Furthermore, the gNBs are connected to the NGC (Next Generation Core) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNBs are connected to the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Functions) via the N2 interface and to the UPF (User Plane Functions) via the N3 interface.

[0083] Figure 2 A frame structure in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0084] NR systems can support multiple parameter sets. These parameter sets can be defined using subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. Multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling the basic (reference) subcarrier spacing by an integer N (or μ). Furthermore, while it is assumed that very low subcarrier spacings are not used at very high carrier frequencies, the parameter set used can be selected independently of the frequency band. Additionally, various frame structures based on multiple parameter sets can be supported in NR systems.

[0085] The OFDM parameter sets and frame structures that can be considered in an NR system are described below. Several OFDM parameter sets supported in an NR system can be defined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0086] [Table 1]

[0087] NR supports multiple sets of parameters (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, a SCS of 15kHz supports wide-area coverage of traditional cellular bands; a SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and a SCS of 60kHz or higher supports bandwidths exceeding 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0088] The NR band is defined as frequency ranges of two types (FR1, FR2). FR1 and FR2 can be configured as shown in Table 2 below. Additionally, FR2 can refer to millimeter wave (mmW).

[0089] [Table 2]

[0090] In the frame structure of an NR system, the size of various fields in the time domain is expressed as T. c =1 / (Δf max ·N f A multiple of the time unit. Here, Δf max 480·10 3 Hz, and N f The value is 4096. Downlink and uplink transmissions are configured (organized) to have a duration T. f =1 / Δf max N f / 100)·T c A radio frame of 10ms. Here, the radio frame is configured with 10 subframes, each with a T... sf =(Δf max N f / 1000)·T c=1ms duration. In this case, there may be one frame set for the uplink and one frame set for the downlink. Furthermore, the transmission in the i-th uplink frame from the terminal should begin T earlier than the corresponding downlink frame in the corresponding terminal. TA =(N TA +N TA ,offset)T c Begin. For the subcarrier spacing configuration μ, the time slots are arranged in n-order within the subframe. s μ∈{0,...,N slot subframe,μ The numbers are numbered in ascending order from -1, and in the radio frames, they are numbered in n... s fμ∈{0,...,N slot frame,μ The time slot is configured with N in ascending order of -1. symb slot N consecutive OFDM symbols, and N symb slot Determined based on CP. Slot n in the subframe s The start of μ coincides with the OFDM symbol n in the same subframe. s μN symb slot The start dates are arranged in time. Not all terminals may perform transmission and reception simultaneously, meaning that all OFDM symbols in either the downlink or uplink time slots may not be available.

[0091] Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols (N) in each time slot during normal CP. symb slot ), Number of time slots per radio frame (N) slot frame (μ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) slot subframe Table 4 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot, the number of slots per radio frame, and the number of slots per subframe in the extended CP.

[0092] [Table 3]

[0093] [Table 4]

[0094] Figure 2 This is an example of μ=2 (SCS is 60kHz), see Table 3. One subframe can include 4 time slots. For example... Figure 2The subframe shown as {1,2,4} is an example. The number of time slots that can be included in a subframe is defined in Table 3 or Table 4. Additionally, micro-time slots can include 2, 4, or 7 symbols, or more or fewer symbols.

[0095] Regarding physical resources in an NR system, factors such as antenna ports, resource grids, resource elements, resource blocks, and carrier components can be considered. The following sections will describe these physical resources in detail.

[0096] First, regarding antenna ports, an antenna port is defined such that the channel carrying symbols in that antenna port can be inferred from the channels carrying other symbols in the same antenna port. When the large-scale properties of the channel carrying symbols in one antenna port can be inferred from the channel carrying symbols in another antenna port, it can be said that the two antenna ports are in a QC / QCL (quasi-co-located or quasi-co-located) relationship. In this case, the large-scale properties include at least one of delay spread, Doppler spread, frequency shift, average received power, and receive timing.

[0097] Figure 3 An example is shown of a resource grid in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied.

[0098] Reference Figure 3 This illustratively describes a resource grid configured with N in the frequency domain. RB μ N sc RB The system uses 14.2 μN subcarriers, and a subframe is configured with 14.2 μFDM symbols, but is not limited to this. In NR systems, the transmitted signal consists of 2 μN subcarriers. symb (μ) OFDM symbols and configured with N RB μN sc RB It is described by one or more resource grids of N subcarriers. Here, N RB μ≤N RB max ,μ。 N RB max μ represents the maximum transmission bandwidth, which may differ between uplink and downlink and between parameter sets. In this case, each μ and antenna port p can be configured with a resource grid. Each element of the resource grid used for μ and antenna port p is called a resource element and is uniquely identified by an index pair (k, l'). Here, k = 0, ..., N RB μ N sc RB -1 is the index in the frequency domain, and l' = 0, ..., 2μN symb(μ)-1 refers to the symbol position in the subframe. When referencing resource elements in a time slot, the index pair (k,l) is used. Here, l=0,...,N symb μ -1. The resource element (k, l') used for μ and antenna port p corresponds to the complex value a. k ,l'(p,μ ） When there is no risk of confusion or when a specific antenna port or parameter set is not specified, the indices p and μ may be discarded, and the complex value may be a. k ,l'(p) or a k Furthermore, a resource block (RB) is defined as N in the frequency domain. sc RB =12 consecutive subcarriers.

[0099] Point A serves as a common reference point for the resource block grid and is obtained as follows.

[0100] - The offsetToPointA of the downlink in the primary cell (PCell) represents the frequency offset between point A and the lowest subcarrier of the lowest resource block that overlaps with the SS / PBCH block, which is used by the terminal for initial cell selection. It is assumed that a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz is used for FR1 and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz is used for FR2, expressed in units of resource blocks.

[0101] - absoluteFrequencyPointA represents the frequency position of point A, expressed as ARFCN (absolute radio frequency channel number).

[0102] For the subcarrier spacing configuration μ, the common resource blocks are numbered from 0 upwards in the frequency domain. The center of subcarrier 0 of common resource block 0 used for subcarrier spacing configuration μ is the same as "point A". The common resource block number n for subcarrier spacing configuration μ in the frequency domain is... CRB μ The relationship between the resource element (k,l) and the resource element (k,l) is given by Equation 1 below.

[0103] [Formula 1]

[0104] In Equation 1, k is defined relative to point A, such that k=0 corresponds to a subcarrier centered at point A. The physical resource block (BWP) ranges from 0 to N. BWP,i size Let n be a physical resource block in BWPi, numbered μ-1 and i be the BWP number. PRB and public resource block n CRB The relationship between them is given by Equation 2.

[0105] [Equation 2]

[0106] N BWP,i start,μ It is a public resource block relative to public resource block 0 in BWP.

[0107] Figure 4 Examples of physical resource blocks in wireless communication systems that can utilize this disclosure are provided. Furthermore, Figure 5 The time slot structure in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0108] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 A time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, for a normal CP, one time slot includes 7 symbols, but for an extended CP, one time slot includes 6 symbols.

[0109] A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Component) is defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks in the frequency domain and may correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through active BWPs, and only one BWP can be active for a single terminal. In the resource grid, each element is called a resource element (RE) and can be mapped to a complex-valued symbol.

[0110] In NR systems, each component carrier (CC) can support up to 400MHz. If a terminal operating in such a wideband CC always operates with its RF chip turned on for the entire CC, terminal battery consumption may increase. Alternatively, when considering multiple applications operating in a single wideband CC (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, V2X, etc.), different sets of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing, etc.) can be supported in each band of the corresponding CC. Alternatively, each terminal may have different capabilities for the maximum bandwidth. With this in mind, the base station can instruct the terminal to operate only in a portion of the bandwidth, rather than in the full bandwidth of the wideband CC, and for convenience, the corresponding portion of the bandwidth is defined as the Bandwidth Part (BWP). The BWP can be configured with consecutive RBs on the frequency axis and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing, CP length, slot / microslot duration).

[0111] Simultaneously, even within a single CC configured for a terminal, the base station can configure multiple BWPs. For example, a BWP occupying a relatively small frequency domain can be configured in the PDCCH monitoring slot, and PDSCH indicated by the PDCCH can be scheduled in a larger BWP. Alternatively, when a UE is congested in a specific BWP, other BWPs can be configured for some terminals for load balancing. Alternatively, considering inter-cell interference cancellation in the frequency domain between neighboring cells, some intermediate spectrum of the full bandwidth can be excluded, and two edge BWPs can be configured in the same time slot. In other words, the base station can configure at least one DL / UL BWP for a terminal associated with a broadband CC. The base station can activate at least one of the configured DL / UL BWPs at a specific time (via L1 signaling, MAC CE (control element), or RRC signaling, etc.). Furthermore, the base station can instruct a handover to other configured DL / UL BWPs (via L1 signaling, MAC CE, or RRC signaling, etc.). Alternatively, based on a timer, a handover to a specific DL / UL BWP can be initiated when the timer value expires. Here, the active DL / UL BWP is defined as the active DL / UL BWP. However, the terminal may not receive the configuration on the DL / UL BWP before performing the initial access procedure or establishing an RRC connection. Therefore, in these cases, the DL / UL BWP assumed by the terminal is defined as the initially active DL / UL BWP.

[0112] Figure 6 Examples are given of physical channels used in wireless communication systems to which this disclosure may be applied, and general methods for transmitting and receiving signals using such physical channels.

[0113] In wireless communication systems, terminals receive information from base stations via downlink and transmit information to base stations via uplink. The information sent and received by base stations and terminals includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type / purpose of the information they send and receive.

[0114] When a terminal is powered on or enters a new cell, it performs an initial cell search (S601), including synchronization with the base station. For the initial cell search, the terminal synchronizes with the base station by receiving the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) from the base station, and obtains information such as the cell identifier (ID). Then, the terminal obtains broadcast information within the cell by receiving the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the base station. Simultaneously, the terminal checks the downlink channel state by receiving the downlink reference signal (DL RS) during the initial cell search phase.

[0115] Terminals that have completed the initial cell search can obtain more detailed system information by receiving the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based on the information carried in the PDCCH (S602).

[0116] Simultaneously, when a terminal first accesses a base station or when there are no radio resources available for signal transmission, it can perform a random access (RACH) procedure (S603 to S606). For the random access procedure, the terminal can send a specific sequence as a preamble via the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (S603 and S605), and can receive response messages to the preamble via the PDCCH and the corresponding PDSCH (S604 and S606). Contention-based RACH can also execute a contention resolution procedure.

[0117] The terminal that subsequently performs the above process can execute PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S607) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S608) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission process. Specifically, the terminal receives downlink control information (DCI) via PDCCH. Here, DCI includes control information such as resource allocation information for the terminal, and its format varies depending on its intended use.

[0118] Meanwhile, control information sent by the terminal to the base station via the uplink or received by the terminal from the base station includes downlink / uplink ACK / NACK (acknowledgment / non-acknowledgment) signals, CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indicator), etc. For 3GPP LTE systems, the terminal can send the aforementioned control information such as CQI / PMI / RI via PUSCH and / or PUCCH.

[0119] Table 5 shows examples of DCI format in NR systems.

[0120] [Table 5]

[0121] Referring to Table 5, DCI formats 0_0, 0_1, and 0_2 may include resource information (e.g., UL / SUL (Supplementary UL), frequency resource allocation, time resource allocation, frequency hopping, etc.), information related to transport blocks (TB) (e.g., MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), NDI (New Data Indicator), RV (Redundancy Version), etc.), information related to HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) (e.g., process number, DAI (Downlink Assignment Index), PDSCH-HARQ feedback timing, etc.), information related to multiple antennas (e.g., DMRS sequence initialization information, antenna ports, CSI requests, etc.), power control information related to PUSCH scheduling (e.g., PUSCH power control, etc.), and control information included in each DCI format can be predefined.

[0122] DCI format 0_0 is used to schedule PUSCH in a cell. The information included in DCI format 0_0 is scrambled with CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) by C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier), CS-RNTI (Configuration Scheduling RNTI), or MCS-C-RNTI (Modulation Coding Scheme Cell RNTI) and transmitted.

[0123] DCI format 0_1 ​​is used to indicate the scheduling of one or more PUSCHs or to provide downlink feedback information to the Terminal Configuration Grant (CG) in a cell. The information included in DCI format 0_1 ​​is scrambled and transmitted by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI (semi-persistent CSI RNTI), or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0124] DCI format 0_2 is used to schedule PUSCH within a cell. The information included in DCI format 0_2 is scrambled and transmitted using C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0125] Next, DCI formats 1_0, 1_1, and 1_2 may include resource information (e.g., frequency resource allocation, time resource allocation, VRB (Virtual Resource Block) - PRB (Physical Resource Block) mapping, etc.), information related to transport blocks (TB) (e.g., MCS, NDI, RV, etc.), information related to HARQ (e.g., process number, DAI, PDSCH-HARQ feedback timing, etc.), information related to multiple antennas (e.g., antenna port, TCI (Transmission Configuration Indicator), SRS (Sound Reference Signal) request, etc.), PUCCH-related information related to PDSCH scheduling (e.g., PUCCH power control, PUCCH resource indicator, etc.), and control information included in each DCI format can be predefined.

[0126] DCI format 1_0 is used to schedule PDSCH in a DL cell. The information included in DCI format 1_0 is a CRC scrambled and transmitted by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0127] DCI format 1_1 is used to schedule PDSCH in a cell. The information included in DCI format 1_1 is a CRC scrambled and transmitted by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0128] DCI format 1_2 is used to schedule PDSCH in a cell. The information included in DCI format 1_2 is a CRC scrambled and transmitted by C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, or MCS-C-RNTI.

[0129] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT)

[0130] Recently, IoT has received widespread attention in the field of wireless communication, and it is expected that more things will be interconnected to improve productivity.

[0131] Most existing wireless communication devices are powered by batteries that require manual replacement or recharging. Therefore, it is impossible to power all IoT devices with batteries that require manual replacement or recharging, which could lead to high maintenance costs and serious environmental problems.

[0132] To address these issues, a new IoT technology is needed to support battery-free devices without energy storage or devices with energy storage capabilities that do not require manual replacement or recharging. As a type of application, while most industries currently rely primarily on barcodes and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), the limited reading range (a few meters) and the lack of interference management mechanisms can lead to severe interference and capacity issues between RFID readers, making it difficult to support large-scale networks with seamless RFID coverage.

[0133] Within 3GPP, a new IoT technology, Ambient IoT, is being discussed. Ambient IoT technology supports tens of times more connection numbers and / or device density than existing 3GPP IoT technologies, and can provide tens of times less complexity and power consumption than existing 3GPP LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) technologies such as NB (Narrowband)-IoT and LTE-MTC (Machine Type Communication).

[0134] Figure 7 An example of an IoT device architecture in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0135] - Antenna: The antenna can be shared or separated relative to the RF (radio frequency) energy harvester and receiver / transmitter.

[0136] - Matching network: This matching network matches the impedance between the antenna and other components, including the RF energy harvester and receiver-related blocks.

[0137] - RF energy harvester: An RF energy harvester may include a rectifier that converts RF signals (i.e., alternating current (AC)) into direct current (DC).

[0138] - Energy storage device (e.g., capacitor): This energy storage device stores the energy harvested by the RF energy harvester.

[0139] - Power Management Unit (PMU): The PMU manages the storage of energy from the energy harvester in the energy storage and the supply of power to active component blocks that require power.

[0140] - (Digital) BB (Balanced-Unbalanced) Logic: BB logic includes functional blocks such as encoders, decoders, and controllers.

[0141] - Memory: The memory may include two types of memory: i) non-volatile memory (NVM) (such as EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)) for permanent storage of device IDs, etc., and ii) registers for temporarily storing information required for operation only when energy is available in the energy storage device.

[0142] - Clock Generator: This clock generator provides the required clock signal. Here, the clock signal is a periodic signal used for timing and synchronization. In OOK (On / Off Keyed) modulation, the time for transmitting bits (0 or 1) is determined by the chip duration, and this chip duration can be precisely controlled by the clock signal and can be defined, for example, as a multiple of the clock period. In other words, based on this clock signal, the TARI (Type A Reference Interval) used to set the time interval used as a communication reference can be determined, and the chip duration can be determined based on this TARI.

[0143] The received relevant block includes the following.

[0144] - RF bandpass filter (BPF): Depending on the implementation, the RF BPF used to improve selectivity may not exist.

[0145] - RF envelope detector: The RF envelope detector converts RF signals into baseband signals.

[0146] - BB Low-Pass Filter (LPF): A BB LPF can improve the quality of the input signal to a comparator by filtering out harmonics and high-frequency components. Depending on the implementation, a BB LPF may not be present.

[0147] - Comparator: The comparator determines whether the input signal is high or low.

[0148] The relevant block to be sent includes the following.

[0149] - Backscatter modulator: This backscatter modulator modulates the backscatter signal by switching impedances using the signal sent from the BB logic.

[0150] Although not limited to this, Figure 7 An example is a device with a peak power consumption of approximately 1 µW, which has no reader-to-device (R2D) (i.e., receive) or device-to-reader (D2R) (i.e., transmit) amplification, wherein the device’s D2R transmission is backscattered relative to a carrier (CW) provided from an external source (i.e., the signal is reflected by using the energy of the received CW).

[0151] Despite Figure 7 Not illustrated herein, in the case where the peak power consumption is approximately several hundred µW and the device includes an R2D or D2R amplification device, the device may further include at least one of a reflection amplifier and / or a low noise amplifier (LNA) for amplifying at least one of R2D / CW2D (carrier, or carrier node, to the device) and D2R.

[0152] Furthermore, despite Figure 7 Not illustrated, when the device's D2R transmission is generated internally by the device, Figure 7 The transmit-related block can be replaced with a block used to generate and transmit D2R signals as follows.

[0153] - Transmit modulator: This transmit modulator modulates the baseband bits according to the modulation scheme.

[0154] - Digital-to-analog converter (DAC): A DAC converts digital signals into analog signals.

[0155] - Low-pass filter (LPF): LPF filters out unwanted signals.

[0156] - Mixer: This mixer upconverts the baseband signal to the RF range.

[0157] - Local Oscillator (LO): The LO generates the carrier frequency.

[0158] - Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) / Phase Locked Loop (PLL): FLL / PLL can be used for frequency synthesis and may not exist depending on the implementation.

[0159] - Power Amplifier (PA): PA amplifies the transmitted signal.

[0160] The following section describes solutions for environmental IoT.

[0161] A-IoT processing time can be defined by the following timing relationship.

[0162] TR2D_min: The minimum time between an R2D transmission and its corresponding D2R transmission.

[0163] TD2R_min: The minimum time between a D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0164] TD2R_max: The maximum time between a D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0165] TR2D_R2D_min: The minimum time between two different consecutive R2D transmissions for the same A-IoT device.

[0166] TD2R_D2R_min: The minimum time between two different consecutive D2R transmissions from the same A-IoT device.

[0167] 1. Reader to Device (R2D)

[0168] 1) R2D waveforms, modulation, and parameter sets

[0169] For R2D, dedicated physical broadcast channels (e.g., similar to PBCH) and reference signals including DMRS, phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), and CSI-RS / TRS can be disregarded.

[0170] The consideration is an OFDM-based OOK waveform with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz. For this waveform, from the reader's perspective, for in-band / guard band operation, the start of R2D transmission can be assumed to be aligned with the boundary of the NR OFDM symbol (including CP). Both CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM can be used to generate this waveform. When M=1, i.e., when OOK-1 or OOK-4 is used for single-chip transmission per OFDM symbol, both CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-OFDM) and DFT-s-OFDM (DFT Extended OFDM) are possible. When M>1, i.e., when OOK-4 is used for M-chip transmission per OFDM symbol, DFT-s-OFDM is possible.

[0171] 2) PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel)

[0172] For R2D, the PRDCH can be defined as a single physical channel. The PRDCH can carry all higher-layer payloads (including system information, if defined) and L1 R2D control information (if defined). For example, it is also possible to transmit only R2D data via PRDCH when there is no L1 R2D control information transmitted via PRDCH.

[0173] 3) R2D timing

[0174] The R2D timing acquisition signal (R-TAS) preceding the PRDCH can be included at least for timing acquisition, and the R-TAS can indicate the start of R2D transmission in the time domain. The structure of the R-TAS using a preamble is being discussed, and this structure can include a start indicator portion that provides the start of R2D transmission and a clock acquisition portion for determining the duration of the OOK chip for subsequent PRDCH transmission. Here, the preamble may not be part of the PRDCH.

[0175] The R-TAS start indicator portion may not be included in TD2R_min and can apply an ON / OFF mode (i.e., high / low voltage transmission). For the R-TAS start indicator portion, energy / edge detection-based ON-OFF transmission can be considered. In this case, a single ON-OFF transmission or multiple ON-OFF transmissions can be included. Here, ON and OFF can have the same or different durations. Alternatively, an ON-OFF sequence design with a predefined sequence for detecting the R-TAS start indicator portion based on digital correlation can be considered.

[0176] The clock acquisition section is based on OOK without line coding and may include rising / falling edges, which may include at least two rising edges or two falling edges, so that the device can determine the duration of the OOK chip.

[0177] To determine or deduce the end of PRDCH transmission, information can be sent via implicit / explicit L1 R2D control information, or a postcode can be included at the end of the PRDCH.

[0178] 4) R2D scheduling

[0179] In the case of R2D reception, the ID associated with (one or more) devices used to receive R2D via the corresponding PRDCH (potentially including all devices if supported) can be explicitly / implicitly indicated to that device.

[0180] 2. D2R (Device-to-Reader)

[0181] 1) Waveform and Modulation

[0182] For D2R, reference signals including DMRS, PTRS, and SRS can be disregarded. Furthermore, CSI feedback and autonomous scheduling requests (SRs) can be excluded from being considered L1 (Layer 1) D2R control information.

[0183] In the case of D2R via backscattering, the waveform can be provided by a carrier wave (CW). The D2R baseband signal (distinguished from the internal or external carrier) can be non-OFDM.

[0184] The following D2R baseband modulation is being discussed for all devices.

[0185] - OOK

[0186] - BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)

[0187] - BFSK (Binary Frequency Shift Keying), MSK (Minimum Frequency Shift Keying)

[0188] 2) PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel)

[0189] For D2R, the physical channel PDRCH can carry higher-layer payloads, responses sent from the device to the reader during contention-based access procedures, and L1 D2R control information (if defined).

[0190] 3) D2R timing

[0191] A D2R timing acquisition signal (D-TAS) preceding each PDRCH can be included at least for timing acquisition to indicate the start of D2R transmission in the time domain. A D-TAS structure using a preamble is being discussed, and a binary signal can be considered. Here, the preamble may not be part of the PDRCH.

[0192] To enable the reader to detect the end of the PDRCH transmission, a D2R postcode can be included immediately after the PDRCH, or it can be based on control information.

[0193] 4) D2R scheduling

[0194] For D2R scheduling, the following information can be explicitly or implicitly indicated to the device via the corresponding PRDCH.

[0195] - Time Domain Resources

[0196] - Frequency domain resources

[0197] - Information similar to MCS

[0198] - Chip duration

[0199] - ID associated with (one or more) devices

[0200] - repeat

[0201] - Information related to the intermediate code (if supported)

[0202] 3. Overall Process

[0203] Figure 8 An example is given of the overall process between an A-IoT device and a reader in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure may be applied.

[0204] - Step A: A-IoT Paging. Based on the service request, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message indicating which one or more devices should respond.

[0205] Here, the A-IoT paging function can use A-IoT paging messages to indicate (one or more) devices that need to respond.

[0206] The identifier used to identify the device / group of devices can be included in the trigger message within the A-IoT paging message. Furthermore, the A-IoT paging message may further include information that enables the device to determine the resources to be used for the D2R response message.

[0207] The reader can send multiple (subsequent) A-IoT paging messages associated with the same service request from the core network (CN). Here, duplicate responses from slave devices to the same service request should be avoided. The A-IoT paging message may include information to prevent such duplicate responses from slave devices to the reader. Based on this information, the device can determine whether to skip sending a response to the A-IoT paging message.

[0208] - Step B: D2R Data (Device ID) Transmission. The triggered (one or more) A-IoT devices perform device ID transmission with or without the A-IoT random access procedure.

[0209] The A-IoT random access procedure is used for A-IoT devices to access the network for data transmission. The A-IoT random access procedure is triggered by the reader and may include triggering access for a single A-IoT device, a group of A-IoT devices, or all A-IoT devices within the reader's coverage area.

[0210] Slotted ALOHA (Slotted Addition Link Online Hawaii Area) can be used as an A-IoT random access procedure.

[0211] When using contention-based random access, the A-IoT device can perform higher-level data transmissions (e.g., transmission of device ID and / or other higher-level data, if any) with the reader after the A-IoT device determines that the contention has been successfully resolved, or when using contention-free access.

[0212] In contention-based random access, in the event of D2R data transmission failure or contention resolution failure, A-IoT devices are supported to re-access at another time controlled / provided by the reader (i.e., retry random access). Here, the A-IoT device can perform the re-access involuntarily, and the re-access can always be controlled by the reader. The reader can determine the A-IoT device's re-access by using optional explicit R2D failure / success feedback indications.

[0213] - Step C1: Possible R2D data transmission (e.g., command transmission).

[0214] - Step C2: Possible D2R data transmission (e.g., response to the command).

[0215] Subsequent R2D data transmissions following D2R data transmissions can be interpreted as indicating that the D2R data does not need to be retransmitted. In the event of a D2R data transmission failure, the A-IoT device can follow subsequent R2D instructions from the reader. For example, the reader can repeat the R2D higher-layer "command" to trigger the A-IoT device to retransmit the same D2R higher-layer "response" (i.e., the A-IoT device can transmit D2R based on the received R2D).

[0216] The A-IoT MAC layer can support only simplified segmentation and can support a maximum transport block (TB) size of approximately 1000 bits in both the R2D and D2R directions.

[0217] In addition, the A-IoT device can report the energy status to the reader. For example, the A-IoT device can report a 1-bit energy status indicator to the reader in a D2R message. The reader can consider this indicator in the remaining / subsequent processes. For example, the reader may not send subsequent messages for a certain period of time, or the reader may not take a specific action.

[0218] From a high-level perspective, the "AS (Access Layer) ID" can be used for D2R scheduling and R2D reception. As an "AS ID", any ID can be reused (when used in the first D2R message), or the reader can assign the "AS ID" to an A-IoT device.

[0219] 4. RAN Architecture

[0220] Figure 9A logical system architecture in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is illustrated.

[0221] RAN architectures for supporting environmental IoT can support, for example, Figure 9 The logical system architecture for topology 1 is shown in (a) and as shown in (a). Figure 9 The logical system architecture for topology 2 is shown in (b).

[0222] - A-IoT devices: Devices that support environmental IoT.

[0223] - A-IoT RAN: Hosts A-IoT specific functions as part of the RAN functionality.

[0224] - A-IoT Radio: The radio interface between the A-IoT device and the A-IoT RAN node in Topology 1, and the radio interface between the A-IoT device and the A-IoT-enabled UE in Topology 2.

[0225] - A-IoT CN: Hosts A-IoT specific functions as part of the CN functionality.

[0226] - XX Interface: The interface between the A-IoT RAN / A-IoT-enabled gNB and the A-IoT CN that performs A-IoT-specific functions.

[0227] - Public Reader Function: Function for communicating with A-IoT devices via A-IoT radio.

[0228] - A-IoT RAN node functions: including, for example, the function of controlling A-IoT radio resources for A-IoT devices.

[0229] exist Figure 9 In (a), both the common reader function and the A-IoT RAN node function can be supported by the A-IoT RAN node. In contrast, in Figure 9 In (b), the common reader function can be supported by an A-IoT-enabled UE, and the A-IoT RAN node function can be supported by an A-IoT-enabled gNB.

[0230] 5. Information exchanged between A-IoT CN (core network) and A-IoT RAN (radio access network)

[0231] Information about the type of A-IoT service (e.g., inventory or command) can be indicated to the reader from the CN.

[0232] 1) Inventory: refers to the services provided by the network for discovering and obtaining identifiers of A-IoT devices.

[0233] A-IoT CN can send inventory for a single device, a group of devices, or all devices.

[0234] Inventory requests sent from A-IoT CN to A-IoT RAN may include the following.

[0235] - Identifiers for A-IoT devices (used to locate a single device, a group of devices, or all devices)

[0236] - The scope of the inventory request (e.g., the specific region where you want to trigger inventory).

[0237] Multiple individual A-IoT device IDs (one ID per device) can be provided to A-IoT CN through a single inventory report.

[0238] 2) Command: refers to the service provided by the network for sending working instructions (e.g., read, write, etc.) to A-IoT devices.

[0239] A-IoT CN can send commands to a single device.

[0240] Methods for transmitting and receiving signals in wireless communication systems supporting Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT)

[0241] 3GPP IoT can be applied to indoor / outdoor environments, base station characteristics (e.g., macro / micro / pec deployments), connectivity topologies (e.g., nodes that can communicate with target devices such as base stations, terminals, relay terminals, repeaters, etc.), TDD / FDD and licensed / unlicensed spectrum bands, coexistence of terminals and infrastructure in 3GPP technology bands, and device-initiated / terminated service assumptions, etc.

[0242] In one embodiment of this disclosure, three types of IoT devices can be utilized.

[0243] - Device A: A device that does not store energy and does not generate independent signals (i.e., backscatter transmission).

[0244] - Device B: A device that stores energy but does not generate an independent signal (i.e., backscattered transmission), and the use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal.

[0245] - Device C: A device that stores energy and generates independent signals (i.e., includes active RF components for transmission).

[0246] This disclosure relates to a method for transmitting and receiving signals between devices A and B that perform communication via backscatter transmission in three types of devices. However, this is only one embodiment, and various embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to device C.

[0247] Additionally, as an example of this disclosure, such as Figure 7 As shown, at least one of the following four topologies can be applied.

[0248] Figure 10 Four topologies for environmental IoT are illustrated in wireless communication systems where the present disclosure can be applied.

[0249] - Topology (1): BS <-> Environmental IoT Devices

[0250] - Topology (2): BS <-> Intermediate Node <-> Environmental IoT Device

[0251] - Topology (3): BS <-> Auxiliary Nodes <-> Environmental IoT Devices <-> BS

[0252] - Topology (4): UE <-> Environmental IoT Device

[0253] Here, the BS can be included in or replaced by the gNB, and can be a distributed unit (gNB-DU) of the gNB. Furthermore, the environmental IoT device can be replaced by a UE, a remote UE, a device, or a tag. The intermediate node (IN) can be at least one of a relay node, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay UE, or a repeater in the network. In this disclosure, gNB and IN can be collectively referred to as a reader.

[0254] For example, in topology (1), the possibilities of BS Rx and BS Tx can be included in different BSs. In topologies (2) and (3), intermediate nodes and auxiliary nodes can be relay terminals, IAB nodes, repeaters, etc. that enable environmental IoT.

[0255] This disclosure describes a method for transmitting and receiving signals to perform direct communication (i.e., single static communication) between a base station (or / and intermediate node) and an IoT device in topologies 1 and 2 of four topologies. However, this is only one implementation, and this disclosure can also be applied to topologies 3 and / or 4.

[0256] In the following description of this disclosure, in Topology 1, the direction from the base station to the device is referred to as DL, R2D (reader to device), or R2T (reader to tag) direction, and the direction from the device to the base station is referred to as UL, D2R (device to reader), or T2R (tag to reader) direction. The base station sends R2D (or R2T) messages or data / information to the device via R2D (or R2T) signaling, and the device sends D2R (or T2R) messages or data / information to the base station via D2R (or T2R) signaling.

[0257] Furthermore, in the following description of this disclosure, in Topology 2, the direction from the intermediate node (IN) to the device is referred to as DL, R2D (reader to device), or R2T (reader to tag) direction, and the direction from the device to IN is referred to as UL, D2R (device to reader), or T2R (tag to reader) direction. IN sends R2D (or R2T) messages or data / information to the device via R2D (or R2T) signaling, and the device sends D2R (or T2R) messages or data / information to IN via D2R (or T2R) signaling.

[0258] Furthermore, in the following description of this disclosure, the transmission of R2D signals or R2D data / information may be a transmission on the Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH), and the transmission of D2R signals or D2R data / information may be a transmission on the Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH).

[0259] In describing this disclosure, " / " means "and", "or", or "and / or" depending on the context.

[0260] This disclosure proposes a method for sending and receiving signals between a tag (e.g., an IoT device or apparatus) and a reader (e.g., a BS, gNB, intermediate node, UE, etc.).

[0261] Implementation Method 1

[0262] Implementation method 1 relates to the process of connecting an environmental IoT device to a reader device. As an example of this disclosure, Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of an environmental IoT device connecting to a reader device. Specifically, this connection process can consist of an MSG0 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-1), an MSG1 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-2), an MSG2 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-3), an MSG3 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-4), an MSG4 transmission / reception process, and an MSG5 transmission / reception process (Embodiment 1-5). Furthermore, the DTX (Discontinuous Transmission) period and offset of the MSGs can be set / defined (Embodiment 1-6).

[0263] Implementation Method 1-1

[0264] As an example of this disclosure, the reader device may send MSG0 (e.g., query signal or / and PDCCH command, etc.) to an environmental IoT device.

[0265] For example, if MSG0 is a query signal, the terminal can determine whether to send MSG1 based on MSG0. MSG0 can be used as a DL synchronization signal, such as PSS / SSS. For example, MSG0 can be reused as a DL synchronization signal (such as PSS / SSS), or defined as a new synchronization signal.

[0266] An environmental IoT device can monitor MSG0 for carrier-sensing-based connectivity. MSG0 may include information indicating whether the environmental IoT device can connect to the reader device (e.g., whether the environmental IoT device can send MSG1). For example, if MSG0 includes information indicating "busy" and / or "idle," the environmental IoT device can determine that it can send MSG1 within a certain time period.

[0267] Additionally or alternatively, an environmental IoT device may use the carrier wave of another device to avoid collisions. For example, (environmental IoT) device 2 may detect the carrier wave transmitted by device 1 and avoid access for a period of time after the detected carrier wave.

[0268] Here, MSG0 may include access-related system information. For example, access-related system information may include timer values ​​for access operations, information related to the possible time period for which MSG1 is sent (e.g., information related to start time, length, window mode, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, access-related system information may be sent via a separate MSG0 for each specific device type, and MSG0 may indicate that the system information is only applicable to that specific device type.

[0269] Additionally or alternatively, MSG0 may include information for resolving conflicts. For example, MSG0 may include probability-based access information, UE ID-based access information, early indication-based access information, UE group / type-based access information, service / access type-based access information, etc.

[0270] Additionally or alternatively, an environmental IoT device that detects a message (e.g., MSG0, MSG2, MSG4, etc.) being sent to another device may not send MSG 1. However, if the environmental IoT device does not detect the message within a certain period of time, it may send MSG 1.

[0271] For example, an environmental IoT device can monitor MSG0 to determine whether access to a reader device is permitted. If MSG0 indicates "busy" or "idle," the environmental IoT device can only connect to the reader device after the "idle" indication.

[0272] Implementation Methods 1-2

[0273] An environmental IoT device can send MSG1 to a reader device. For example, the environmental IoT device can use a backscattering method to send MSG1 to the reader device. The method described below can also be applied to the sending and receiving of messages following MSG1 (e.g., MSG 3 / 5, etc.).

[0274] As an example of this disclosure, when transmitting MSG1 in a slotted ALOHA manner, the environmental IoT device can transmit MSG1 at a time aligned with a specific point in time (e.g., the transmission time of the DL synchronization signal or MSG0 transmitted by the reader device, the CW (carrier) transmission time, the backscatter transmission time (e.g., environmental IoT device A or B), etc.). The slotted ALOHA method is a method of transmitting data per unit time (e.g., a time slot). As another example, the environmental IoT device can transmit MSG1 by selectively backscattering CW.

[0275] Additionally, MSG 1 may include a sequence for conflict avoidance. This conflict avoidance sequence may be determined based on at least one of the options described below.

[0276] Option 1: Random sequence selection

[0277] Option 1A: Random sequence + early indication or UE group / type / service / connection type indication

[0278] When option 1A is applied, the environmental IoT device can send MSG1 in the form of an early indication or a UE group / type / service / connection type indication appended before or after a randomly selected sequence. In this case, the indication can correspond to a sequence according to option 3, option 4, or option 5, etc.

[0279] Option 1B: Select a random sequence from a specific sequence pool in the cell.

[0280] When using application option 1B, the environmental IoT device can receive sequence-related information from the reader device or randomly select a sequence from a preset sequence pool.

[0281] Option 2: Device-specific serial number

[0282] When using option 2, the environmental IoT device can receive sequence-related information from the reader device or send a preset device-specific sequence.

[0283] Option 3: Sequence selection based on early indications

[0284] When using option 3, the environmental IoT device can send a sequence mapped to early indications. Here, early indications can be collectively referred to as indicators of the type or capability of the indicating device (or terminal).

[0285] Option 4: Sequence selection based on UE group / type

[0286] When using option 4, the environmental IoT device can send a sequence mapped to the UE group / type.

[0287] Option 5: Sequence selection based on service / access type

[0288] When using option 5, the environmental IoT device can send a sequence mapped to the service or access type it is currently trying to access.

[0289] Option 6: Channel quality-based sequence

[0290] An environmental IoT device can measure signals transmitted by a reader device and transmit MSG1 using a sequence mapped to the measured value. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a sequence from a first sequence pool. If the measured value is greater than threshold 1 but less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a sequence from a second sequence pool.

[0291] Based on the sequence, early indication, UE group / type, service / access type, or channel quality level selected through at least one of the above options, the environmental IoT device can determine the (backscatter-based) transmission and / or reception times of MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, and / or MSG5. For example, based on the UE group / type or service / access type, the subsequent specific MSG transmission start time, specific MSG reception start time, specific MSG transmission duration, or specific MSG reception duration can be determined.

[0292] Additionally or alternatively, based on the sequence, early indication, UE group / type, service / access type, or channel quality level selected through at least one of the above options, the environmental IoT device can determine the transmission / reception resources / time / frequency of MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, or / and MSG5. Therefore, the environmental IoT device can transmit and receive MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, or / and MSG5 based on the determined resource / time frequency.

[0293] When an environmental IoT device sends MSG 1, at least one of the methods described below can be applied to resolve the conflict. That is, the environmental IoT device can use at least one of the methods described below to... distributed MSG1 sent.

[0294] Method 1: Distribution across multiple frequencies

[0295] Method 1 is a method for an environmental IoT device to select one MSG1 frequency from multiple MSG1 frequencies and transmit MSG1 using the selected frequency. The environmental IoT device can be configured with multiple MSG1 frequencies (e.g., via MSG0), or multiple MSG1 frequencies can be pre-configured / defined. Distribution methods using multiple frequencies can include probability-based distribution methods, UE ID / sequence-based distribution methods, UE-specific signaling methods (based on presets rather than for initial access), channel quality-based distribution methods, beam / SSB index-based distribution methods, and / or UE group / type-based sequence selection methods.

[0296] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a probability-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can select the MSG1 frequency based on preset probability information and / or probability information received via MSG0. For example, the environmental IoT device can select a value between 0 and 1 immediately before transmitting MSG1. If the selected value exceeds a threshold configured by the reader device or a preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first frequency from among multiple MSG1 frequencies. If the selected value is less than or equal to a threshold set by the reader device or a preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second frequency from among multiple MSG1 frequencies.

[0297] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE ID / sequence-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can select the MSG1 frequency based on the MSG1 sequence selected according to the above options or based on the pre-assigned UE ID.

[0298] As an example of this disclosure, when a UE-specific signaling scheme is applied (based on pre-configuration rather than for initial access), the environmental IoT device can transmit MSG1 using a frequency determined according to the UE-specific signal. This UE-specific signal can be pre-stored configuration information or a message pre-notified by a reader device.

[0299] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a channel quality-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the signal transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 using a frequency mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL synchronization signal or MSG0. For example, when the measured value is less than or equal to threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first frequency from a plurality of MSG1 frequencies. When the measured value is greater than or equal to threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second frequency from a plurality of MSG1 frequencies.

[0300] As another example, when applying a channel quality-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the signal transmitted by the reader device and transmit an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL synchronization signal or MSG0. For example, if the measured value is less than or equal to threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first resource from among multiple resources. If the measured value is greater than threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second resource from among multiple resources. These multiple resources can be set or predefined by the reader device, etc.

[0301] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a beam / SSB index-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the beam RS or SSB transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 using a frequency or resource mapped to the optimal RS index, optimal SSB index, or an RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 0 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first frequency / resource from among multiple MSG1 frequencies / resources. For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 1 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second frequency / resource from among multiple MSG1 frequencies / resources.

[0302] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE group / type-based sequence selection method, the environmental IoT device can select a frequency mapped to the UE group / type (among multiple MSG1 frequencies) and transmit MSG1 using the selected frequency.

[0303] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a service / access type-based sequence selection method, an environmental IoT device may select a frequency (among multiple MSG1 frequencies) to be mapped to the service or access type it is currently attempting to access, and transmit MSG1 using the selected frequency.

[0304] Method 2: Time-based distribution method

[0305] The time-based distribution method is a method by which an environmental IoT device selects a specific time point / slot within the duration of MSG1 transmission and transmits MSG1 within that selected time point / slot. The environmental IoT device can configure the duration of MSG1 transmission (via MSG0), or the duration of MSG1 transmission can be determined according to predefined rules. The environmental IoT device can use at least one of the methods described below to select the MSG1 transmission time point / slot. In this case, the MSG1 transmission duration / time point / slot can be determined as a time point with a positive / negative offset from the CW transmission / reception time point.

[0306] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a probability-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can select the transmission time / slot of MSG1 within the duration of MSG1 based on preset probability information or probability information received from MSG0. For example, the environmental IoT device can select a specific value between 0 and 1 immediately before transmitting MSG1. If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or exceeds a preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first transmission duration / transmission time / slot (within the time duration used for transmitting MSG1). If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or is below the preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second transmission duration / transmission time / slot (within the time duration used for transmitting MSG1). The environmental IoT device can then transmit MSG1 within the selected transmission duration / transmission time / slot.

[0307] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE ID / sequence-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can select an MSG1 transmission time point / slot within the time duration for MSG1 transmission based on the MSG1 sequence selected according to the options described above or a pre-assigned UE ID. For example, when the result of the sequence modulo N or UE ID modulo N is 0, the environmental IoT device can select a first transmission duration / transmission time point / slot (within the time duration for MSG1 transmission). When the result of the sequence modulo N or UE ID modulo N is 1, the environmental IoT device can select a second transmission duration / transmission time point / slot (within the time duration for MSG1 transmission).

[0308] As an example of this disclosure, when a UE-specific signaling scheme is applied (based on pre-configuration rather than for initial access), the environmental IoT device can transmit MSG1 by sending a duration / point / time slot determined according to the UE-specific signal. This UE-specific signal can be pre-stored configuration information or a message pre-notified by the reader device.

[0309] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a channel quality-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the signal transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 using a transmission duration / time point / time slot mapped to the time duration of the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL synchronization signal or MSG0. For example, when the measured value is less than or equal to threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first time duration / time point / time slot (within the time duration used to transmit MSG1). When the measured value is greater than or equal to threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second time duration / time point / time slot (within the time duration used to transmit MSG1).

[0310] In another example of this disclosure, when applying a channel quality-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by a reader device and transmit an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL synchronization signal or MSG0. For example, when the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first resource from among multiple resources. When the measured value is greater than or equal to threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second resource from among multiple resources. Here, the resource can be determined by frequency and / or time.

[0311] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a beam / SSB index-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the beam RS or SSB transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 using a transmission duration / time point / slot or resource mapped to the optimal RS index, optimal SSB index, or RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 0 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first transmission duration / time point / slot or resource (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission). For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 1 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to a threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second transmission duration / time point / slot or resource (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission).

[0312] As an example of this disclosure, when applying an energy storage-based distribution method, an environmental IoT device can measure its remaining energy storage level and transmit MSG1 using a time duration / transmission point / time slot mapped to the measured value. For example, when the measured value (i.e., the environmental IoT device's energy storage level) is less than or equal to a threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first transmission duration / point / time slot or resource (within the time duration used to transmit MSG1). When the measured value is greater than threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second transmission duration / point / time slot or resource (within the time duration used to transmit MSG1). In this case, the lower the remaining energy storage level, the more likely the environmental IoT device is to select a faster transmission duration / point / time slot.

[0313] As an example of this disclosure, when applying an energy storage-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure its remaining energy storage level and send an MSG1 resource mapped to the measured value. For example, when the measured value (i.e., the energy storage level of the environmental IoT device) is less than or equal to a threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first resource from among multiple resources. When the measured value is greater than threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second resource from among multiple resources. Here, the resource can be determined by frequency / time.

[0314] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE group / type-based sequence selection method, the environmental IoT device can select a transmission duration / point / slot mapped to the UE group / type (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission) and use the selected transmission duration / point / slot to transmit MSG1.

[0315] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a service / access type-based sequence selection method, an environmental IoT device may select to map a transmission duration / point / slot (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission) to the service or access type it is currently attempting to connect to, and use the selected transmission duration / point / slot to transmit MSG1.

[0316] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a priority-based distribution scheme, an environmental IoT device can select a transmission duration / slot / time point (for MSG1 transmission) based on its device priority or the priority of the access it is currently attempting to connect to, and transmit MSG1 within the selected transmission duration / slot / time point. For example, in a high-priority access process, the device may select a short first transmission duration / slot / time point (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission) and use the selected first transmission duration / slot / time point to transmit MSG1. In a low-priority access process, the device may select a long second transmission duration / slot / time point or resource (within the time duration used for MSG1 transmission) and use the selected second transmission duration / slot / time point to transmit MSG1.

[0317] The environmental IoT device can send MSG1 to the reader device according to at least one of the methods described above. Here, the device can determine whether to actually send MSG1 probabilistically. For example, if a predefined / configured probability value is a specific value (e.g., 0.3), the environmental IoT device can select a random number. If the random number is less than or equal to the specific value, the environmental IoT device can send MSG1. If the random number exceeds the specific value, the environmental IoT device can not send MSG1 and start a timer for backoff.

[0318] After backoff (i.e., after the timer used for backoff expires), the ambient IoT device may perform MSG1 retransmission according to at least one of the methods described above. Additionally or alternatively, if MSG2 and / or MSG4 are not received, if MSG2 and / or MSG4 do not contain the ambient IoT device's sequence or UE ID, if MSG2 and / or MSG4 do not indicate ACK, or / and if MSG2 and / or MSG4 indicate NACK, the ambient IoT device may perform backoff.

[0319] After backoff (i.e., after the timer used for backoff expires), the environmental IoT device can perform MSG1 retransmission according to at least one of the methods described above. The environmental IoT device can retransmit MSG1 after selecting / determining a backoff time (i.e., a timer value) according to at least one of the methods described below. The environmental IoT device can obtain the selectable backoff time value from MSG 0, ​​MSG 2, and / or MSG 4, or from pre-stored information / system information.

[0320] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a probability-based backoff time method, the environmental IoT device can select a backoff time based on preset probability information or probability information received from MSG0. For example, the environmental IoT device can select a specific value between 0 and 1 immediately before sending MSG1. If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or exceeds a preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). If the selected specific value is preset by the reader device or is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). The environmental IoT device can then send MSG 1 based on the selected backoff time.

[0321] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE ID / sequence-based backoff time scheme, the environmental IoT device can select a backoff time based on the MSG1 sequence selected according to the options described above or a pre-assigned UE ID. For example, when the result of the sequence modulo N or UE ID modulo N is 0, the environmental IoT device can select a first backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). When the result of the sequence modulo N or UE ID modulo N is 1, the environmental IoT device can select a second backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). Here, N can be equal to the number of selectable backoff times.

[0322] As an example of this disclosure, when a UE-specific signaling scheme is applied (based on pre-configuration rather than for initial access), the environmental IoT device can send MSG1 according to a backoff time determined based on the UE-specific signal. This UE-specific signal can be pre-stored configuration information or a message pre-notified by a reader device.

[0323] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a channel quality-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure a signal transmitted by a reader device and transmit MSG1 using a backoff time mapped to the measured value. Here, the measured signal can be a DL synchronization signal or MSG0. For example, when the measured value is less than or equal to a threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). When the measured value is greater than or equal to threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times).

[0324] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a beam / SSB index-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure the beam RS or SSB transmitted by the reader device and transmit MSG1 using a backoff time mapped to the optimal RS index, the optimal SSB index, or an RS / SSB greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 0 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to the threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a first backoff time (from multiple backoff times). For example, if an SSB with an SSB index value of 1 is the optimal SSB or the measured value of that SSB is greater than or equal to the threshold, the environmental IoT device can select a second backoff time (from multiple backoff times).

[0325] As an example of this disclosure, when applying an energy storage-based distribution method, the environmental IoT device can measure its remaining energy storage level and send MSG1 using a backoff time mapped to the measured value. For example, when the measured value (i.e., the energy storage level of the environmental IoT device) is less than or equal to a threshold 1, the environmental IoT device can select a first backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). When the measured value is greater than threshold 1 and less than or equal to threshold 2, the environmental IoT device can select a second backoff time (from a plurality of backoff times). In this case, the environmental IoT device can be configured to select a shorter backoff time as the remaining energy storage level decreases.

[0326] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a UE group / type-based sequence selection method, the environmental IoT device can select a backoff time mapped to a UE group / type (among multiple backoff times) and use the selected backoff time to send MSG1.

[0327] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a service / access type-based sequence selection method, an environmental IoT device may choose to map to a backoff time (among multiple backoff times) of the service or access type it is currently attempting to connect to, and use the selected backoff time to send MSG1.

[0328] As an example of this disclosure, when applying a priority-based distribution method, an environmental IoT device can select a backoff time based on its device priority or the priority of the access it is currently attempting to connect to, and use the selected backoff time to send MSG1. For example, in a high-priority access process, the device can select (from multiple backoff times) a short first backoff time mapped to the service or access type it is currently attempting to connect to, and use the selected first backoff time to send MSG1. In a low-priority access process, the device can select (from multiple backoff times) a long second backoff time mapped to the service or access type it is currently attempting to connect to, and use the selected second backoff time to send MSG1.

[0329] Implementation methods 1-3

[0330] After performing a (re)transmission of MSG1, the environmental IoT device can receive MSG2 (from the reader device). In one example of this disclosure, MSG2 may include / indicate ACK and / or NACK information. For example, if the reader device successfully receives MSG1 and allows access, MSG2 may include / indicate ACK. If the reader device fails to receive MSG1 and / or does not allow access, MSG2 may include / indicate NACK.

[0331] For example, if MSG2 includes / indicates ACK, then MSG2 may include at least one of the following: information included in MSG1 (e.g., sequence information), transmit / receive resources of MSG1 (e.g., time / frequency resources), time / frequency for transmitting / receiving MSGs (e.g., MSG0, MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4, and / or MSG5, etc.), or CW time / frequency information for backscattering. If MSG2 includes / indicates NACK, then MSG2 may include a backoff time.

[0332] Implementation methods 1-4

[0333] In one embodiment of this disclosure, when an ACK including / indicating an ACK is received, the environmental IoT device may send MSG3 (to the reader device). For example, the environmental IoT device may send MSG3 in a backscatter manner. The selection of the duration / time point / frequency / resource for sending MSG3 may be determined / selected based on at least one of the methods for selecting the transmission / reception duration / time point / frequency / resource of MSG2.

[0334] MSG3 may include at least one of the following: UE ID, sequence, early indication, UE group / type, access type, RRC connection / recovery request message for initial access, and C-RNTI MAC CE for UEs in RRC_CONNECTED.

[0335] Here, the UE ID (e.g., C-RNTI) may be scrambled, masked, or attached to all UL messages. This sequence may be part or all of the sequence selected for MSG1. As another example, the sequence may be part or all of a newly selected sequence using at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above. Early indication may include device type (e.g., device A, device B, or device C) and / or other processing time. The RRC connection / recovery request message may include the UE ID (e.g., s-TMSI or recovery ID), etc.

[0336] Implementation methods 1-5

[0337] The environmental IoT device that sends MSG 3 can receive MSG4 (from the reader device). MSG4 may include UEID (and / or contention resolution MAC CE) and / or sequence information. Here, the sequence can be selected / determined according to at least one of the MSG1 sequence selection methods described above.

[0338] If MSG4 contains the UE ID (or device ID) or sequence of the environmental IoT device, the environmental IoT device can send MSG5 (to the reader device).

[0339] For example, MSG5 may include UE capability information. This UE capability information may include capability information related to device type (e.g., device type A, B, C), other processing times, early indications (e.g., device type, other processing times), UE group / type, connection type, etc. Additionally or alternatively, MSG5 may include at least one of UE ID, sequence, and user data.

[0340] Implementation Method 2

[0341] Implementation 2 relates to a method for configuring / defining symbol duration for communication of Environmental IoT (AmIoT) terminals / devices.

[0342] Considering the parameter set of the NR system and the target data rate of the AmIoT system, the symbol duration for AmIoT communication can be determined according to at least one of the implementations described below.

[0343] In describing this disclosure, the NR system may be replaced by a (5G and / or 6G) wireless communication system (or a parent system / coexisting communication system). The (CP-)OFDM symbol may be replaced by an existing transmission time unit of the (5G and / or 6G) wireless communication system (or a parent system / coexisting communication system).

[0344] Implementation Method 2-1

[0345] The duration of N CF-OFDM symbols in an NR system can be defined as the symbol duration of an AmIoT communication. The corresponding value of N can be predefined or configured / indicated to the AmIoT device.

[0346] Implementation Method 2-2

[0347] The duration of a CP-OFDM symbol in an NR system can be divided into M equal parts, and one of the M equal parts of the CP-OFDM symbol duration can be defined as the symbol duration of AmIoT communication. Here, the value of M can be predefined or set / indicated by the AmIoT device. In this case, a CF-OFDM symbol duration may include, but is not limited to, the CP duration. A CF-OFDM symbol duration may include only a portion of the CP duration, or it may not include the CP duration.

[0348] Implementation Methods 2-3

[0349] One or more OFDM symbols (e.g., predefined OFDM symbol sample values ​​(e.g., TC or TS)) can be defined as a sample group, and K sample groups can be defined as the symbol duration of an AmIoT communication. Here, the K value and the sample group determination method can be predefined or configured / instructed to the AmIoT device.

[0350] One of the implementation methods 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 can be configured / applied differently or together according to the following elements.

[0351] - Use cases for AmIoT devices (e.g., sensors, commands, inventory, location, etc.)

[0352] - Device type, tag ID and / or topology of AmIoT devices and AmIoT communication

[0353] Implementation Method 3

[0354] A method for configuring symbol ranges for communication of ambient IoT (AmIoT) devices is disclosed.

[0355] For communication between AmIoT devices corresponding to device type A or B, both an energy transfer signal (ETS) for energy harvesting purposes and a backscatter signal (BSS) exchanged by the AmIoT device for backscatter communication after receiving the ETS are required.

[0356] In order for the BSS signal transmitted by the base station or intermediate node (or individual UE device) to be efficiently received by the AmIoT device as a backscattered signal, it may be advantageous to configure the BSS signal as CW.

[0357] However, to ensure robustness against inter-symbol interference (ISI) after generating a single OFDM symbol in an NR system, a CP can be attached to the front end of the generated OFDM symbol to configure the final OFDM symbol. Due to these characteristics, it may be difficult to configure CW that maintains the same frequency components across multiple OFDM symbols, such as... Figure 12 As shown in (a).

[0358] To overcome this problem, such as Figure 12 As shown in (b), by adjusting the phase of each OFDM symbol, the waveform can be configured to satisfy the CW condition on multiple OFDM symbols, even if a CP is attached to the front end of the OFDM symbol.

[0359] As mentioned above, the pi / 2-BPSK (binary phase shift keying) modulation method can be applied to control the phase of each CP. However, even with the pi / 2-BPSK modulation method, the phase may exceed pi / 2 or pi / 4 due to the insertion of intermediate CPs. Therefore, a method for controlling the phase of each CP can be applied simultaneously with the pi / 2-BPSK modulation method.

[0360] Pi / 2-BPSK modulation (and phase control for each CP) is meaningful in the case of symbol-by-symbol modulation and data transmission, but Pi / 2-BPSK modulation (and phase control for each CP) can be applied only to the BSS (not the ETS).

[0361] Furthermore, when applying the CW transmission method described above, the units and / or periods for maintaining CW can be configured / indicated by the base station to the AmIoT device. For example, such as Figure 12 As shown in (b), when CW is maintained for every two OFDM symbols, the duration information of the two OFDM symbols and / or the start point of that duration (e.g., SFN#0 or each subframe) can be configured / defined / indicated. Here, the duration information can be configured in units of OFDM symbols (or time slots, subframes, or absolute time). For example, when the duration is configured / indicated as one time slot, the AmIoT device can assume that CW is maintained on at least a number of OFDM symbols within the same time slot.

[0362] As another example of this disclosure, signals for AmIoT devices can be configured by repeating OFDM symbols without a CP (similar to NR PRACH signal configuration). In this case, the base station can either configure a guard band on the frequency axis and then abandon FDM with the NR signal, or perform FDM with the existing NR signal.

[0363] Since CP insertion may not maintain CW properties, the CP duration can be used for a separate purpose. For example, during the CP duration (or during the symbol duration (or a portion thereof) for AmIoT device communication that includes the CP duration), the base station can send a known sequence instead of data to the AmIoT device, which can then use the sequence for time and / or frequency axis synchronization.

[0364] As described above, the CP duration of each symbol (or the symbol duration (or a portion thereof) for AmIoT device communication, including the CP duration) may not be used for other purposes. Therefore, AmIoT devices can be configured to / receive specific time duration information. This duration information can be configured in units of OFDM symbols (or slots, subframes, absolute time) (e.g., X msec, Y usec). For example, when information such as one slot is set, the AmIoT device can recognize that the CP duration of each slot (or the symbol duration (or a portion thereof) for AmIoT device communication, including the CP duration) is configured as a known sequence.

[0365] As described above, the method of maintaining CW across multiple OFDM symbols can be applied to implementation 2-1 (i.e., an implementation of the method of defining the duration of N CP-OFDM symbols as the symbol duration of an AmIoT communication).

[0366] As stated above, the CW transmission method can be applied indiscriminately to both ETS and BSS. As another example, since a higher PAPR can increase energy transfer efficiency, the CW transmission method can be applied only to the BSS (but not to the ETS).

[0367] Implementation Method 4

[0368] Implementation 5 relates to a frequency modulation method for backscattered signals that takes into account frequency diversity and / or (inter-cell) interference randomization.

[0369] As an example of this disclosure, such as Figure 13As shown in (a), an AmIoT device receiving a CW (i.e., BSS signal) at frequency F_c transmitted by a base station or intermediate node (or a standalone terminal device) can modulate the frequency by applying F_gap. The AmIoT device can then transmit the backscattered signal / data to the base station or intermediate node (or standalone terminal device) via frequency F_t.

[0370] From the perspective of a single AmIoT device receiving signals, reducing interference can be advantageous to improve the efficiency of IoT communication when receiving signals from multiple potentially nearby base stations or intermediate nodes (or individual UE devices). Similarly, from the perspective of a base station or intermediate node (or individual UE device) receiving signals from multiple AmIoT devices, reducing interference can be advantageous to improve the efficiency of IoT communication.

[0371] Furthermore, in wireless channel environments, fading at specific frequencies (e.g., F_c or F_t) can significantly reduce communication efficiency. Therefore, to overcome this problem, pursuing frequency diversity can help maximize the efficiency of IoT communication. Methods for determining F_c and / or F_t are described below.

[0372] From the perspective of receiving signals from a single AmIoT terminal, the effect of reducing interference when receiving signals from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or individual terminal devices) can be achieved by varying the position of F_c by considering all or some of the following elements: (physical) cell index, subframe index, time slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of the NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, and AmIoT device type.

[0373] Similarly, considering the receiving perspective from a base station or intermediate node (or individual terminal device), the effect of reducing interference when receiving signals from multiple AmIoT devices can be achieved by varying the position of F_t (relative to F_c) (or the size of F_gap) by considering all or some of the following factors: AmIoT device index, subframe index, time slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of the NR system, symbol index for AmIoT terminal communication, AmIoT device type, AmIoT's (maximum) F_gap size capability, etc.

[0374] As an example considering the variability of the F_t size for AmIoT device types, for a device of type A, the F_t (or F_gap size) value can be set / indicated within a maximum X, but for a device of type B, the F_t (or F_gap size) value can be configured / indicated within a maximum Y (>X) (or within a maximum Y but greater than / exceeding the minimum X). Here, the X and Y values ​​can be pre-configured or defined.

[0375] Additionally or alternatively, taking into account frequency diversity, even if the signal originates from a base station or intermediate node (or a single terminal device), the BSS (or / and ETS) can transmit using more than one F_c value of CW at a time.

[0376] Additionally or alternatively, the frequency hopping scheme can be applied to the position of F_c and / or the position of F_t (relative to F_c) (or the size of F_gap) by taking into account both frequency diversity effects and interference randomization effects. For example, separate frequency hopping offsets of F_hop1 and F_hop2 can be applied, and the variation period and approximation values ​​between the two offsets can be set / applied differently. For example, the F_c value at time {t+1} can be determined from the F_c value at time t by the formula "F_c(t+1) = F_c(t) + F_hop1 + F_hop2".

[0377] Here, the time t value can be determined by a combination of subframe index, slot index, symbol index, etc. The range of the variation period and the magnitude of the variation value of F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 can be set separately. For example, the period and magnitude of one of F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 (e.g., F_hop 2) can be set to always be greater than the other (e.g., F_hop 1).

[0378] Furthermore, the same frequency hopping rules can be applied depending on whether the signal is ETS or BSS. Alternatively, different frequency hopping rules can be applied (e.g., in BSS, both F_hop 1 and F_hop 2 are applied, while in ETS, only one of the two offsets is applied (e.g., F_hop 2 is applied, but F_hop 1 is not applied).

[0379] By considering the parameter set of NR, the positions / sizes of F_c, F_gap, F_t, F_hop1, and F_hop2 can be defined as multiples of the SCS defined in the NR system. For example, the position of F_c can be configured by reusing NR-ARFCN. The sizes of F_gap, F_hop1, and F_hop2 can be determined as multiples of a specific SCS (e.g., a separately configured SCS, an SCS configured in the active / initial / default BWP, the largest or smallest SCS among multiple SCSs configured in associated carriers, etc.), or multiples of 1 RB (e.g., 12 subcarriers) based on a specific SCS.

[0380] Implementation Method 5

[0381] Implementation 5 relates to a time-domain modulation method for backscattered signals that takes into account frequency diversity and / or (inter-cell) interference randomization.

[0382] As an example of this disclosure, such as Figure 13 As shown in (b), an AmIoT device that receives a signal (i.e., a BSS signal) from a base station or intermediate node (or a standalone terminal device) at time T_c can perform a delayed transmission after time T_gap by applying T_gap. Therefore, the AmIoT device can transmit the backscattered signal / data to the base station or intermediate node (or standalone terminal device) at time T_t.

[0383] From the perspective of a single AmIoT device receiving signals, it may be advantageous to improve the efficiency of IoT communication by reducing interference when receiving signals from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or individual terminal devices) that may exist nearby.

[0384] Similarly, from the perspective of the base station or intermediate node (or individual terminal device), when signals can be received from multiple AmIoT devices, it may be beneficial to improve the efficiency of IoT communication by reducing interference. Furthermore, pursuing a time diversity effect similar to that in Implementation 4 in a wireless channel environment can help maximize the efficiency of IoT communication.

[0385] In the following text, taking into account the advantages mentioned above, a method for determining F_c, F_t, T_c and / or T_t is described.

[0386] Considering the perspective of receiving signals from a single AmIoT device, the effect of reducing interference when receiving signals from multiple base stations or intermediate nodes (or individual terminal devices) can be achieved by varying the position of T_c by considering all or some of the following elements: (physical) cell index, subframe index, time slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of the NR system, symbol index for AmIoT device communication, and AmIoT device type.

[0387] Similarly, considering the receiving perspective from a base station or intermediate node (or individual terminal device), the effect of reducing interference when signals can be received from multiple AmIoT devices can be achieved by varying the position of T_t (relative to T_c) (or the size of T_gap) by considering all or some of the following factors: AmIoT device index, subframe index, time slot index, CP-OFDM symbol index of the NR system, symbol index used for AmIoT device communication, AmIoT device type, AmIoT's (maximum) T_gap size capability, etc.

[0388] As an example considering variations in the T_t size across AmIoT device types, for devices of type A, a T_t (or T_gap) value within a maximum X can be set / indicated. And for devices of type B, a T_t (or T_gap) value within a maximum Y (> X) (or within a maximum Y and greater than / exceeding the minimum X) can be configured / indicated. The X and Y values ​​can be configured separately or predefined.

[0389] Meanwhile, considering the effect of time diversity, even if the same signal (or modulated data) comes from a base station or intermediate node (or a single terminal device), CW can be transmitted as BSS (and / or ETS) using multiple time points (i.e., multiple T_c values).

[0390] Furthermore, in the backscatter data transmission of the AmIoT device, one or more T_t positions (or the size of T_gap) corresponding to a T_c can be defined, and the AmIoT device can transmit backscatter signals at multiple T_t positions for the same signal (or modulated signal).

[0391] Additionally or alternatively, time-varying values ​​can be applied to the position of T_c and / or the position of T_t (relative to T_c) (or the size of T_gap) to account for time-varying and / or perturbation randomization effects.

[0392] For example, the T_gap value at time {t+1} can be determined from the T_gap value at time t using the formula “T_gap(t+1) = T_gap(t) + T_hop”.

[0393] Here, the time value t can be determined by a combination of subframe index, slot index, symbol index, etc. The period and range of the T_hop variation can be configured individually. As another example, the period and range of the T_hop variation can be defined as arbitrary values ​​(within a specific set range).

[0394] Additionally or alternatively, the value of T_gap(t+1) at a specific time point {t+1} can be defined as a value of random variation (within a specific defined range) that is independent of T_gap(t) at a previous time point t.

[0395] Given that a larger T_gap corresponds to higher power consumption in AmIoT devices, random variation of the T_gap value may be advantageous in terms of fairness. Furthermore, the same rules can be applied regardless of whether the signal is an ETS or a BSS, but different rules can be applied (e.g., different rules for the T_hop variation period / value applied to the BSS compared to those applied to the ETS).

[0396] The timing / size of T_c, T_gap, T_t, and T_hop can be defined as having a multiple relationship with one or more OFDM samples defined in the NR system (e.g., predefined T_c or T_s), while taking into account the parameter set of NR.

[0397] Figure 14 It is a sequence diagram illustrating the signaling between a terminal (e.g., a UE or an environmental IoT device) and a base station in a wireless communication system to which this disclosure may be applied.

[0398] The base station can send CW (i.e., BSS signal) at frequency F_c to the terminal (S1310).

[0399] The terminal receiving CW at frequency F_c can modulate (or / and backscatter) the frequency by applying F_gap determined based on various factors (e.g., UE ID, time index, device type, etc.) (S1320). Then, the terminal can transmit backscattered data / signals to the base station at frequency F_t (i.e., F_c + F_gap) (S1330).

[0400] As described in the above embodiments (e.g., embodiment 4, etc.), considering the effects of frequency diversity and / or interference randomization, the terminal can vary F_c and / or F_gap according to the cell / UE ID, time index (e.g., subframe, time slot, symbol, etc.) and device type.

[0401] Through the various implementation methods described above, in the case of mixed communication between multiple base stations and AmIoT terminals, backscatter-based communication can be efficiently performed by varying time / frequency times such as cell / UE ID, time index (e.g., subframe, time slot, symbol, etc.), and device type. Therefore, communication efficiency can be improved due to frequency diversity and / or interference randomization effects.

[0402] Implementation Method 6: Frequency Resource Allocation

[0403] In the following text, although the term "frequency channel" is used primarily in this embodiment, this disclosure is not limited thereto. A frequency channel can be interpreted as a frequency resource, and in the frequency domain, the frequency resource can be replaced by another term indicating a frequency resource element.

[0404] A base station or a cell can be configured with one or more frequency channels for communication with the device. Here, when multiple frequency channels are configured, different frequency channels can be allocated adjacently or non-adjacently.

[0405] Furthermore, when multiple INs exist within a cell, different INs can be configured with the same or different frequency channels. For example, different frequency channels can be configured for all INs belonging to a cell, or the same frequency channel can be configured for each of some IN groups among all INs. Here, one or more frequency channels can be configured for each IN (or each IN group). Different frequency channels can be assigned to adjacent or non-adjacent locations. Additionally, one or more frequency channels assigned to an IN can be configured to belong to or not belong to the corresponding IN's UL BWP.

[0406] When a device initially accesses a reader (i.e., a base station or IN), the base station or IN can configure the device to transmit and receive R2D signals and / or D2R signals on all frequency channels. Alternatively, when a device initially accesses a reader (i.e., a base station or IN), the initial access frequency channel can be designated as a specific channel, such that the transmission and reception of R2D and / or D2R signals for initial access are permitted only on that specific frequency channel. Here, the initial access frequency channel can be configured as the same channel for all devices, or a specific channel can be configured for a specific device or group of devices. In this case, the initial access frequency channel can be indicated by system information or paging sent by the base station or IN.

[0407] The base station can configure one or more frequency channels for IN via higher-layer messages (e.g., RRC messages or MAC control elements (CE)) or lower-layer messages (e.g., DCI).

[0408] In addition, the base station can activate or deactivate a specific frequency channel among one or more frequency channels configured for a specific IN via higher-layer / lower-layer messages (e.g., DCI or MAC CE).

[0409] When multiple frequency channels are allocated to a specific IN, the base station or the corresponding IN can assign different services, different sessions, different device groups, or different device types to the corresponding frequency channels.

[0410] When multiple frequency channels are allocated to multiple base stations / INs, a particular base station / IN can be configured such that the frequency channels used for R2D signaling and the frequency channels used for R2R signaling are the same or different from each other.

[0411] Implementation Method 7: Time Resource Allocation

[0412] A base station or cell can configure time offsets for time resources used to communicate with each device, and different offsets can be configured for different devices. In other words, a time period can be divided into N time resources, and each time resource can be identified by one of N offsets starting from the beginning of that time period. Here, because different time offsets are configured for the corresponding devices, different time resources can be allocated.

[0413] For example, when the device satisfies "UE ID mod N = k", "device ID mod N = k", or "device group ID mod N = k", the device can receive and respond to an R2D signal in the time resource corresponding to the (k+1)th offset. Here, the device can respond with a D2R signal in the time resource corresponding to the (k+1)th offset, or it can respond with a D2R signal at a predetermined interval based on the R2D signal and the D2R signal.

[0414] As another example, device 1 can respond to an R2T signal (e.g., paging or query) aligned with a first time offset every 80 ms. Furthermore, device 2 can respond to an R2T signal (e.g., paging or query) aligned with a second time offset every 80 ms.

[0415] Furthermore, different offsets for configuring time resources can be configured for different base stations, different cells, or INs. In other words, a time period can be divided into N time resources, and each time resource can be identified by one of N offsets from the start time of that time period. Here, since different time offsets are configured for each base station, each cell, or each IN, different time resources can be allocated.

[0416] For example, the device can obtain the reader identifier (ID) through higher-layer signaling (e.g., system information). When "reader ID mod N = k", the device can receive and respond to the R2D signal in the time resource corresponding to the (k+1)th offset. Here, the device can respond with the D2R signal in the time resource corresponding to the (k+1)th offset, or it can respond with the D2R signal at a predetermined interval based on the R2D signal and the D2R signal.

[0417] As another example, device 1 can respond every 80 ms to an R2T signal (e.g., paging or query) from base station 1 (or IN 1) aligned with a first time offset. Furthermore, device 2 can respond every 80 ms to an R2T signal (e.g., paging or query) from base station 2 (or IN 2) aligned with a second time offset.

[0418] Implementation Method 8: Parameter-Based Resource Allocation

[0419] Multiple base stations or INs can use the same time resources, the same frequency channels (resources), the same time / frequency resources, or the same resource pool (i.e., time resource pool, frequency resource pool, or time / frequency resource pool). In this case, different R2D signals transmitted by different base stations / INs may include at least one of the following: corresponding base station ID, cell ID, corresponding IN ID, reader ID (e.g., an identifier for all devices acting as readers, distinct from the base station / IN ID), session ID, or flag value. Therefore, the device can identify that the R2D signal comes from different readers based on the information included in the R2D signal. Thus, the device can receive R2D signals from only one specific reader, or transmit D2R signals to only one specific reader.

[0420] Implementation Method 9: Time / Frequency Resource Pool Scheme

[0421] A base station can configure a time / frequency resource pool (or resource set or resource area) for A-IoT communication for one or more base stations or one or more INs acting as readers. Here, the time / frequency resource pool can be configured as at least one of the following.

[0422] - Pool for R2D signal transmission resources

[0423] - Resource pool for D2R signal reception resources

[0424] - Resource pool for R2D signal transmission and D2R signal reception resources

[0425] - Resource pool used for CW sending resources

[0426] - Resource pool for R2D signaling and CW transmission resources

[0427] - Resource pools used for CW transmit resources and D2R signal receive resources

[0428] - Resource pools for R2D signal transmission, CW transmission resources, and D2R signal reception resources.

[0429] The base station can configure one or more time / frequency resource pools for IN through higher-layer messages (e.g., RRC messages or MAC CE) or lower-layer messages (e.g., DCI).

[0430] In addition, base stations can activate or deactivate a specific time / frequency resource pool in one or more time / frequency resource pools configured for a specific IN via higher-level / lower-level messages (e.g., DCI or MAC CE).

[0431] Implementation Method 10: A Method for Differentiating Resource Categories

[0432] Base stations can classify the time / frequency resources used for transmitting and receiving R2D / D2R signals into the following categories. This classification of time / frequency resources can be applied to all of the dynamic, semi-static, or configurable resources.

[0433] - TX-only resources for base station / IN (i.e., R2D signal transmission resources)

[0434] For example, this resource type can be configured for system information or paging transmission for initial access to the device.

[0435] - TX and CW resources of base station / IN (i.e., R2D signal transmission resources and CW transmission resources)

[0436] For example, this resource type can be configured for paging transmission of the device's initial access, or it can be configured together with the RX-only resource of a device that has already completed access.

[0437] - Base station / IN TX, CW and RX resources (i.e. R2D signal transmission resources, CW transmission resources and D2R signal reception resources)

[0438] For example, this resource type can be configured for device-specific message exchange after the device completes initial access.

[0439] - CW and RX resources of the base station / IN (i.e., CW transmission resources and D2R signal reception resources)

[0440] For example, this resource type can be configured for a device to send a delayed response to a reader (e.g., a base station or IN).

[0441] - CW sends resources only

[0442] For example, this resource type can be configured for CW transmission by a reader (e.g., a base station or IN) or a standalone CW transmitting node (i.e., a device that is not a reader).

[0443] - RX-only resources for base station / IN

[0444] For example, this resource type can be configured for a device to receive CW from a separate CW transmitting node (i.e., a device that is not a reader) and send a delayed response to a reader (e.g., a base station or IN).

[0445] When configuring one or more resource pools, the base station or IN can configure / indicate a specific resource pool as one of the aforementioned resource categories. For example, when configuring a resource pool via a higher-layer message (e.g., an RRC message), the base station can configure that specific resource pool as one of the aforementioned categories, and the configured resource pool can be configured / reconfigured / indicated as a specific category via higher-layer / lower-layer messages sent to the IN (e.g., MAC CE or DCI).

[0446] Base stations can configure specific logical channels as dedicated to D2R, dedicated to R2D, or usable for both D2R and R2D.

[0447] If the logical channel is dedicated to D2R, the base station or IN can select resources from the resource pool of the category that supports D2R transmission resources and receive data from the corresponding logical channel.

[0448] If the logical channel is dedicated to R2D, the base station or IN can select resources from the resource pool of the category that supports R2D transmission resources and transmit the data for the corresponding logical channel.

[0449] If the logical channel is available for both D2R and R2D, the base station or IN can select resources from the resource pool of the category supporting R2D transmission resources and transmit R2D data, and can select resources from the resource pool of the category supporting D2R transmission resources and receive D2R data. Furthermore, the base station or IN can select resources from the resource pool of the category supporting both D2R and R2D and transmit R2D data or receive D2R data.

[0450] Meanwhile, in Topology 2, IN can receive R2D messages generated by the base station or core network (CN) and send them to the device, or it can forward D2R messages received from the device to the base station or CN. Alternatively, IN can send R2D messages generated by IN to the device, or it can process T2D messages directly after receiving them. Implementation methods related to this IN operation will be described below.

[0451] Implementation Method 10: Autonomous Resource Allocation Method for Intermediate Nodes (IN)

[0452] The base station can send the following information to IN for IN to use for autonomous resource allocation.

[0453] - Configure R2D / CW / D2R resource pools / sets / regions via system information, for example, for IN in RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE.

[0454] - Configure R2D / CW / D2R resource pools / sets / regions via dedicated messages, for example, for IN in RRC_CONNECTED.

[0455] The payload (e.g., data, content, information) for R2D transmission / message / signaling via IN can be delivered from the base station to IN. That is, when IN receives from the base station a signal / channel / message associated with an R2D transmission / message / signal to be transmitted by IN and carrying the corresponding R2D transmission payload (e.g., data, content, information), IN can (randomly) determine the resources for R2D transmission as follows. Furthermore, when receiving a request from the base station (e.g., a request for R2D transmission), IN can (randomly) determine the resources for R2D transmission as follows.

[0456] And / or, IN can receive D2R transmission / message / signals from the device, and can transmit R2D transmission / message / signals to the corresponding device based on or in response to the received D2R transmission / message / signals. For example, the D2R transmission / message / signal may correspond to a random access signal from the device. In this case, IN can (randomly) determine the resources used for R2D transmission as follows.

[0457] (Method 1) IN's Autonomous Resource Allocation Method

[0458] First, we will describe IN's autonomous frequency resource allocation method.

[0459] When a base station is configured with multiple channels, IN can select frequency resources based on one or more of the following selection options. In this embodiment, a channel can be interpreted as a frequency resource.

[0460] - Priority-based selection: The base station can configure channel priorities (or resource pool / set / area priorities). If channel priorities (or resource pool / set / area priorities) are configured, IN can select the resource pool / set / area with the highest priority channel.

[0461] - Random selection: If no channel priority (or resource pool / set / region priority) is configured, IN can randomly select a channel from multiple channels.

[0462] - Measurement-based selection: If the UL interference or block error rate (BLER) measured on a particular channel (e.g., a particular R2D channel) exceeds a threshold, that channel may have a lower priority in the selection. On the other hand, if the RSRP measured on a particular channel exceeds a threshold, the corresponding channel may have a higher priority in the selection.

[0463] - Selection based on NR UL resources: When semi-static PUCCH / SRS / CG (configuration license) frequency resources are allocated to channels, the corresponding channels may have a lower priority in the selection.

[0464] - QoS (Quality of Service) based selection: When the frequency resources on a channel meet the latency requirements, the corresponding channel may have a higher priority in the selection.

[0465] - If frequency hopping is used, it can be performed between frequencies that have not been assigned a lower priority. Additionally, it can be performed between frequencies that have been assigned a higher priority or frequencies that have not been assigned a lower priority, as described above.

[0466] Next, we will describe IN's autonomous time resource allocation method.

[0467] After selecting a frequency channel or in the case of a single channel, IN can select a time resource based on one or more of the following selection options.

[0468] - Random selection: IN can randomly select time resources within a time interval in one or more resource pools / sets / regions of the selected channel.

[0469] Here, the time interval can begin after receiving an R2D request from the base station or a signal / message carrying a payload for R2D transmission.

[0470] Furthermore, the size of this time interval can be configured by the base station. Additionally, whether this time interval is configured or its size can be determined based on latency requirements.

[0471] Furthermore, this time interval can be configured per IN, per device, or per group of devices.

[0472] - Measurement-based selection: Time resources with measured UL interference equal to or greater than a threshold (predefined or configured by the base station) may have lower priority in the selection.

[0473] - Selection based on NR UL resources: Time resources that overlap with semi-static PUCCH / SRS / CG (configuration license) time resources may have lower priority in the selection.

[0474] In addition, time resources that overlap with dynamically allocated NR UL resources may have a lower priority in the selection process.

[0475] - QoS-based selection: Time resources that meet latency requirements may have a higher priority in the selection process. On the other hand, time resources that do not meet latency requirements may have a lower priority in the selection process.

[0476] (Method 2) Auxiliary information reporting for R2D / CW / D2R transmission

[0477] Whenever a device connects, whenever a device fails to connect, or whenever a device is released after connecting, IN can report the following information about the corresponding device to the base station.

[0478] In addition, IN can report a list of inventoried devices. Here, for example, the list of inventoried devices can refer to the devices that participated in the inventory performed by IN for device identification.

[0479] - Device identifier (ID) and / or device group ID

[0480] - D2R and / or R2D message buffer size

[0481] - CW resource request

[0482] - D2R and / or R2D resource requests

[0483] - Indexed by channel ID or frequency resource for each device or group of devices

[0484] - Successful access, access failure, or release

[0485] - List of handles / C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier) / EPC (Electronic Product Code)

[0486] Here, handle / C-RNTI / EPC can all be used as identifiers to identify A-IoT devices.

[0487] When the IN in RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE receives the system information requesting initial access to the IN, the IN performs initial access to the base station through the RACH procedure (i.e., random access procedure) and transitions to RRC_CONNECTED. Then, the IN can notify the base station of its ability to perform IN functionality. In other words, after accessing the base station, the UE can notify the base station whether it can operate as an IN.

[0488] The gNB can find a better IN for a device and can contact (e.g., recount) the device using the same handle / C-RNTI via the target IN. Here, the target IN can contact or recount the device by sending an R2D signal with the handle / C-RNTI. The source IN can remove the device without notifying it.

[0489] Implementation Method 11: Method for configuring configuration resources for R2D / CW / D2R transmission and reception

[0490] 1) R2D configuration resources

[0491] When an IN sends an R2D message to a device, the base station can configure one or more R2D Configuration Resources (RCRs) for one or more INs. Here, the RCR configuration can be configured as a unicast RCR configuration per device, and / or the RCR configuration can be configured as a multicast (or broadcast) RCR configuration per group of devices belonging to (connected to) the same IN or per IN. Here, the RCR configuration can be activated / deactivated by higher-layer / lower-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, MAC CE, or DCI) sent by the base station.

[0492] For example, a base station can configure RCR configuration index = 1 for unicast and RCR configuration index = 2 for multicast for IN#3. Using the periodic RCR resources for RCR configuration index = 1, IN#3 can send R2D transmissions only to specific devices. Furthermore, using the periodic RCR resources for RCR configuration index = 2, IN#3 can send R2D transmissions that can be received simultaneously by multiple devices.

[0493] When the payload of the R2D transmission received from the base station is sent to the device, IN can select the RCR configuration that can be sent within the delay requirement of the R2D transmission (e.g., the packet data budget (PDB)) and the RCR resources within the corresponding RCR configuration, and send the R2D transmission (i.e., the payload including the R2D transmission) to the device.

[0494] Therefore, when the base station sends an R2D transmission to the device via IN (i.e., when the base station indicates an R2D transmission to IN), the PDB of the R2D transmission can be indicated in the DCI of the payload scheduling the R2D transmission. Alternatively, the base station can configure a specific PDB value for the downlink logical channel or SPS (semi-persistent scheduling) configuration or PDSCH transmission resource associated with the payload of the R2D transmission. Alternatively, the DCI activating the SPS configuration can indicate the PDB value of the payload of the R2D transmission sent via the SPS configuration.

[0495] A base station can map one or more SPS configurations to one or more RCR configurations. In this case, IN can send R2D transmissions to the device by mapping the RCR configuration to the payload of the R2D transmission received from a specific SPS configuration.

[0496] For R2D transmissions that require rapid transmission, IN can send the corresponding R2D transmission to the device through an RCR configuration with a short PDB.

[0497] When sending R2D messages that can be sent slowly, IN can send the corresponding R2D message to the device through an RCR configuration with a long PDB.

[0498] A base station can configure / activate a separate RCR configuration for IN CW transmission, or it can configure / activate an RCR configuration to include both (periodic) R2D signal transmission resources and (periodic) CW transmission resources. Furthermore, a base station can configure / activate an RCR configuration to include all of (periodic) R2T signal transmission resources, (periodic) CW transmission resources, and D2R signal reception resources.

[0499] For example, when RCR configuration index=6 is configured to include periodic R2D signaling resources and periodic CW transmission resources, and RCR configuration index=6 is activated by DCI, IN can periodically perform R2D signaling and CW transmission based on the corresponding RCR configuration.

[0500] As another example, when RCR configuration index=7 is configured to include periodic R2D signal transmission resources, periodic CW transmission resources, and periodic D2R signal reception resources, and RCR configuration index=7 is activated by DCI, IN can periodically perform R2D signal transmission and CW transmission based on the corresponding RCR configuration, and can be scheduled to receive D2R signals as a response to R2D signals through D2R reception resources.

[0501] 2) D2R configuration resources

[0502] When an IN receives a D2R message from a device, the base station can configure one or more D2R Configuration Resources (DCRs) for one or more INs. Here, the DCR configuration can be configured as a unicast DCR configuration per device, and / or the DCR configuration can be configured as a multicast (or broadcast) DCR configuration per group of devices belonging to (connected to) the same IN or per IN. Here, the DCR configuration can be activated / deactivated by higher-layer / lower-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, MAC CE, or DCI) sent by the base station.

[0503] For example, a base station can configure DCR configuration index = 1 for unicast and DCR configuration index = 2 for multicast or broadcast for IN#3. Using the periodic DCR resources for DCR configuration index = 1, IN#3 can receive D2R messages from a specific device. Furthermore, using the periodic DCR resources for DCR configuration index = 2, IN#3 can receive D2R messages from multiple devices simultaneously.

[0504] When the payload received from the device via D2R is sent to the base station, IN can select the UL CG configuration and the corresponding CG PUSCH resources that can be sent within the delay requirements of the D2R message (e.g., Packet Data Budget (PDB)) and send the payload via D2R to the base station.

[0505] In the DCR resources of an active DCR configuration, IN can skip UL transmissions used for receiving D2R transmissions. Here, considering the priority of UL transmissions, receiving D2R transmissions or skipping UL transmissions altogether is possible. For example, low-priority CSI reports, PUCCH transmissions, PUSCH transmissions, etc., can be skipped. However, high-priority PUCCH or PUSCH transmissions can be performed, and in this case, D2R reception can be skipped.

[0506] For IN CW transmission, the base station can configure / activate a DCR configuration to include both (periodic) CW transmission resources and (periodic) D2R signal reception resources.

[0507] For example, when DCR configuration index=7 is configured to include periodic CW transmission resources and periodic D2R signal reception resources, and DCR configuration index=7 is activated by DCI, IN can periodically perform CW transmission based on the corresponding DCR configuration, and can be scheduled to receive backscattered D2R signals for CW through the D2R reception resources.

[0508] 3) Unified resource allocation

[0509] A base station can manage one or more RCR configurations and one or more DCR configurations by grouping them into a single configuration resource (CR) configuration or a CR index. For example, since RCR and DCR configurations are associated with a CR configuration and the CR configuration is configured / activated, the associated RCR and DCR configurations can be configured / activated (in this case, the RCR and DCR configurations can be configured / activated individually). As another example, both RCR and DCR can be included in a single CR configuration (in this case, the RCR and DCR included in the CR configuration do not need to be configured / activated individually).

[0510] In this case, when the DCI indicates the activation or deactivation of CR index=5, IN can simultaneously activate / deactivate the RCR configuration and DCR configuration corresponding to CR index=5, or the unified CR configuration corresponding to CR index=5 can be activated or deactivated.

[0511] 4) CW-specific configuration resources

[0512] A base station can configure one or more CW configurations consisting of (periodic) CW resources used for IN or for individual nodes (i.e., individual nodes / devices transmitting CW). Here, the CW configuration can be activated / deactivated by higher-layer / lower-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, MAC CE, or DCI) sent by the base station.

[0513] A base station can manage one or more CW configurations and one or more RCR configurations and / or one or more DCR configurations by grouping them into a single CR configuration or a CR index. For example, since CW configurations, RCR configurations, and / or DCR configurations are associated with a CR configuration and the CR configuration is configured / activated, the associated CW configurations, RCR configurations, and / or DCR configurations can be configured / activated (in which case, CW configurations, RCR configurations, and / or DCR configurations can be configured / activated individually). As another example, CW resources, RCRs, and / or DCRs can all be included in a single CR configuration (in which case, the CW resources, RCRs, and / or DCRs included in the CR configuration do not need to be configured / activated individually).

[0514] In this case, when the DCI instructs CR index=5 to be activated or deactivated, IN can simultaneously activate or deactivate the CW configuration, RCR configuration, and / or DCR configuration corresponding to CR index=5.

[0515] Base stations can configure INs to distinguish between INs that transmit CW and INs that do not transmit CW. For example, an IN can request the base station to stop CW transmission to reduce battery consumption or reduce collisions or interference with other transmissions. Furthermore, if the IN has sufficient battery power or low collision / interference, it can request the base station to start / resume CW transmission. Alternatively, the IN can report battery (i.e., energy storage capacity) levels or collision or R2D / D2R resource interference levels during transmission to the base station.

[0516] Based on such requests / reports, the base station can instruct the IN to stop or start / resume CW transmission. Upon receiving a CW transmission stop command, the IN can release or deactivate the CW configuration or the RCR / DCR / CR configuration including CW resources. Upon receiving a CW transmission start / resume command, the IN can configure or activate the CW configuration or the RCR / DCR / CR configuration including CW resources. Alternatively, based on DCI or RRC messages sent by the base station, the IN can configure / activate or release / deactivate the CW configuration or the RCR / DCR / CR configuration including CW resources.

[0517] Meanwhile, based on factors such as whether there are separate CW transmitting nodes around a specific IN, whether another IN performs CW transmission, the channel quality of the serving cell measured by the IN, and whether the UE capability of the IN is high, the IN can configure or activate CW configuration or RCR / DCR / CR configuration including CW resources according to the base station's command or based on its own determination.

[0518] Simultaneously, the base station can configure the IN to enable the IN to send and receive CW / RCR / DCR configurations for CW / R2D / D2R. The IN can use the corresponding resources to send and receive CW / R2D / D2R only when the base station activates the corresponding CW / RCR / DCR configuration, and can not send or receive CW / R2D / D2R when the configuration is deactivated. Alternatively, when the base station configures the CW / RCR / DCR configuration, if the IN determines that it needs to send and receive CW / R2D / D2R, the IN can request the base station to activate the CW / RCR / DCR configuration. Here, when the base station confirms and accepts the request, the corresponding CW / RCR / DCR configuration can be activated to enable the IN to send and receive CW / R2T / T2R, or the corresponding CW / RCR / DCR configuration can be activated only through the IN's request to enable the IN to send and receive CW / R2T / T2R.

[0519] Furthermore, even if the CW / RCR / DCR configuration is activated, IN can only actually send and receive CW or R2D or D2R transmissions if the transmission and reception of CW or R2D or D2R transmissions are activated by a separate command from the base station (e.g., via DCI, MAC CE, or RRC message). Afterward, the base station can deactivate CW or R2D or DCR transmissions. Conversely, when the CW / RCR / DCR configuration is deactivated, the corresponding CW / R2D / D2R transmission and reception can also be deactivated.

[0520] Simultaneously, when CW transmission is activated, IN can skip over UL PUSCH resources that overlap with CW transmission. In this case, IN can report the skipped PUSCH resources as unused PUSCH resources to the base station. Alternatively, if the UL PUSCH resource has a higher priority, IN can skip CW transmission when the UL PUSCH resource overlaps with CW transmission.

[0521] Meanwhile, CW / CR / DCR / RCR configurations can be configured in the same or different resource pools / sets / regions.

[0522] Furthermore, IN can automatically configure / activate CW / CR / DCR / RCR configurations without base station configuration. In this case, IN can report the information of the CW / CR / DCR / RCR configuration (or the resource information of that configuration) configured / activated by itself to the base station.

[0523] Base station 1 can share resource information of CW / CR / DCR / RCR configurations configured for a specific base station or a specific IN with base station 2 or another IN. Here, base station 1 can share only the active CW / CR / DCR / RCR configurations with base station 2 or another IN, and can also share the deactivation of the corresponding configuration with base station 2 or another IN when the corresponding configuration is deactivated. Alternatively, base station 1 can share resource information of all configured CW / CR / DCR / RCR configurations with base station 2 or another IN, regardless of whether these configurations are active or not.

[0524] Figure 15 The operation of a device for communication between devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0525] Figure 15 The operation of an apparatus (i.e., an intermediate node (e.g., a UE) or a reader) based on the method proposed in the above embodiments is illustrated. Figure 15 The examples provided are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. Figure 15 Some steps shown can be omitted depending on the situation and / or configuration. Furthermore, Figure 15 The device in the example is merely an example and can be implemented as follows: Figure 17 The apparatus illustrated in the example. For example, Figure 17 The processor (102 / 202) can control the transceiver (106 / 206) to send and receive channels / signals / data / information, etc., and can also control the memory (104 / 204) to store the channels / signals / data / information to be sent or received.

[0526] also, Figure 15 The operation can be performed by Figure 17 One or more processors (102, 202) process it. Furthermore, Figure 15 The operation can be used to drive Figure 17 The instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable code) of at least one processor (e.g., 102, 202) are stored in memory (e.g., Figure 17 In one or more memories (104, 204).

[0527] exist Figure 15In this context, the device that transmits the first transmission (e.g., a reader, an intermediate node (e.g., a UE)) is referred to as the first device, and the device that receives the first transmission (e.g., a tag, an A-IoT device) is referred to as the second device. For example, the first device may be a device that transmits a carrier wave for energy harvesting or backscattering, and the second device may be a device that transmits a backscattered signal based on the carrier wave in response to the first transmission (referred to as the second transmission). Furthermore, the carrier wave may be transmitted from an external device, and in this case, the second device may transmit a backscattered signal based on the carrier wave transmitted from the external device in response to the first transmission (i.e., the second transmission).

[0528] Reference Figure 15 The first device receives information related to time and / or frequency resource sets from the base station (S1501).

[0529] The first device sends a first transmission to the second device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources (S1502).

[0530] Here, based on a specific transmission received from a base station or a second device, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources.

[0531] For example, the specific transmission may be any one of the following: a transmission of a payload for the first transmission sent from a base station, a transmission for access sent from a second device, and a request for the first transmission sent from either the base station or the second device.

[0532] Furthermore, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected within a predetermined time interval after the specific transmission is received.

[0533] For example, the time interval may be i) configured by the base station, ii) determined by the latency requirement for the first transmission, iii) configured for each group of the first devices or the first devices, or iv) configured for each group of the second devices or the second devices.

[0534] In addition, the resource set may include at least one of a first time and / or frequency resource set for a first transmission from the first device to the second device, a second time and / or frequency resource set for a second transmission from the second device to the first device, and / or a third time and / or frequency resource set for transmitting a carrier to the second device.

[0535] Here, the time and / or frequency resources can be randomly selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on interference strength or signal reception strength. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on whether the time and / or frequency resources overlap with uplink transmissions. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on delay requirements for the first transmission.

[0536] Despite Figure 15 Not illustrated, but the first device can receive a second transmission in response to the first transmission from the second device. Here, the second transmission may be a backscattered signal transmitted based on the carrier. Here, as described above, the carrier can be transmitted from the first device or can be transmitted by an external device.

[0537] Furthermore, the second transmission may be conducted on time and / or frequency resources determined from a second time and / or frequency resource set, and the carrier may be conducted on time and / or frequency resources determined from a third time and / or frequency resource set.

[0538] Furthermore, the first transmission can be a PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel), and the second transmission can be a PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel).

[0539] Figure 16 The operation of a device for communication between devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0540] Figure 16 The operation of a device (i.e., an A-IoT device, such as a tag) based on the method proposed in the above embodiments is illustrated. Figure 16 The examples provided are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. Figure 16 Some steps shown can be omitted depending on the situation and / or configuration. Furthermore, Figure 16 The device in the example is merely an example and can be implemented as follows: Figure 17 The apparatus illustrated in the example. For example, Figure 17 The processor (102 / 202) can control the transceiver (106 / 206) to send and receive channels / signals / data / information, etc., and can also control the memory (104 / 204) to store the channels / signals / data / information to be sent or received.

[0541] also, Figure 16 The operation can be performed by Figure 17 One or more processors (102, 202) process it. Furthermore, Figure 16The operation can be used to drive Figure 17 The instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable code) of at least one processor (e.g., 102, 202) are stored in memory (e.g., Figure 17 In one or more memories (104, 204).

[0542] exist Figure 16 In this context, the device that transmits the first transmission (e.g., a reader, an intermediate node (e.g., a UE)) is referred to as the first device, and the device that receives the first transmission (e.g., a tag, an A-IoT device) is referred to as the second device. For example, the first device may be a device that transmits a carrier wave for energy harvesting or backscattering, and the second device may be a device that transmits a backscattered signal based on the carrier wave in response to the first transmission (referred to as the second transmission). Furthermore, the carrier wave may be transmitted from an external device, and in this case, the second device may transmit a backscattered signal based on the carrier wave transmitted from the external device in response to the first transmission (i.e., the second transmission).

[0543] Reference Figure 16 The second device receives the first transmission from the first device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the time and / or frequency resource set configured by the base station (S1601).

[0544] The second device responds to the first transmission by sending a second transmission to the first device (S1602).

[0545] Here, based on a specific transmission sent from the base station or the second device, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources.

[0546] For example, the specific transmission may be any one of the following: a transmission of a payload for the first transmission sent from a base station, a transmission for access sent from a second device, and a request for the first transmission sent from either the base station or the second device.

[0547] Furthermore, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected within a predetermined time interval after the specific transmission is received.

[0548] For example, the time interval may be i) configured by the base station, ii) determined by the latency requirement for the first transmission, iii) configured for each group of the first devices or the first devices, or iv) configured for each group of the second devices or the second devices.

[0549] In addition, the resource set may include at least one of a first time and / or frequency resource set for a first transmission from the first device to the second device, a second time and / or frequency resource set for a second transmission from the second device to the first device, and / or a third time and / or frequency resource set for transmitting a carrier to the second device.

[0550] Here, the time and / or frequency resources can be randomly selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on interference strength or signal reception strength. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on whether the time and / or frequency resources overlap with uplink transmissions. Alternatively, the time and / or frequency resources can be selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on delay requirements for the first transmission.

[0551] Furthermore, the second transmission can be a backscattered signal transmitted based on this carrier. Here, as mentioned above, this carrier can be transmitted from the first device or from an external device.

[0552] Furthermore, the second transmission may be conducted on time and / or frequency resources determined from a second time and / or frequency resource set, and the carrier may be conducted on time and / or frequency resources determined from a third time and / or frequency resource set.

[0553] Furthermore, the first transmission can be a PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel), and the second transmission can be a PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel).

[0554] The general apparatus disclosed herein can be used

[0555] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0556] Reference Figure 17 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit and receive wireless signals through various radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0557] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106 after generating a first information / signal by processing information in the memories 104. Additionally, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store information obtained through signal processing of the second information / signal in the memories 104. The memories 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing all or part of the processing controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 106 may be connected to processor 102 and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this disclosure, wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0558] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may generate third information / signals by processing information in the memories 204, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers 206. Additionally, the processors 202 may receive wireless signals including fourth information / signals via the transceivers 206, and then store information obtained through signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memories 204. The memories 204 may be connected to the processors 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processors 202. For example, the memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing all or part of the processing controlled by the processors 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used with an RF unit. In this disclosure, wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0559] The hardware components of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. Not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts included in this disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. One or more processors 102, 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the functions, processes, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed in this disclosure, to provide them to one or more transceivers 106, 206. One or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206, and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.

[0560] One or more processors 102, 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) may be included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, processes, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102, 202, or may be stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure can be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands and / or command sets.

[0561] One or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and may store data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands in various forms. One or more memories 104, 204 may be configured with ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk drive, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104, 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102, 202. Furthermore, one or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0562] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein via one or more antennas 108, 208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 may convert received wireless signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., processed using one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals into RF band signals. Therefore, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0563] The above embodiments combine the elements and features of this disclosure in a predetermined form. Unless otherwise expressly stated, each element or feature should be considered optional. Each element or feature may be implemented without being combined with other elements or features. Furthermore, embodiments of this disclosure may include combinations of some elements and / or features. The order of operations described in embodiments of this disclosure may be changed. Some elements or features of one embodiment may be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced by corresponding elements or features of other embodiments. Obviously, embodiments may include claims that are not explicitly referenced in the claims, or may be included as new claims after the application has been amended.

[0564] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its essential characteristics. Therefore, the foregoing detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in every respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all variations within the equivalent scope of this disclosure are included within its scope.

[0565] The scope of this disclosure includes software or machine-executable commands (e.g., operating systems, applications, firmware, programs, etc.) that operate in a device or computer according to methods of various embodiments, and non-transitory computer-readable media that cause software or commands to be stored and executable in a device or computer. Commands that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in this disclosure can be stored in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and the features described in this disclosure can be implemented by using a computer program product including such a storage medium. The storage medium may include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid-state storage devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. The memory may optionally include one or more storage devices located remotely from the processor. The memory, or alternatively, the non-volatile memory devices in the memory include non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The features described in this disclosure can be stored in any machine-readable medium to control the hardware of a processing system and can be integrated into software and / or firmware that allows the processing system to interact with other mechanisms using results from embodiments of this disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.

[0566] The wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of this disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication, as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (Enhanced Machine-Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least any of various standards, including 1) LTE Cat 0; 2) LTE Cat M1; 3) LTE Cat M2; 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited); 5) LTE-MTC; 6) LTE Machine-Type Communication; and / or 7) LTE M, etc., and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of this disclosure may include at least any one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and are not limited to the aforementioned names. For example, ZigBee technology can generate PANs (Personal Area Networks) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various standards (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, etc.) and may be referred to by various names.

[0567] Industrial applicability

[0568] The method presented in this disclosure is primarily illustrated based on examples applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems, but it can also be applied to various wireless communication systems other than 3GPP LTE / LTE-A and 5G systems.

Claims

1. A method comprising the following steps: The first device receives information related to time and / or frequency resource sets from the base station; as well as The first device sends a first transmission to the second device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on receiving a specific transmission from the base station or the second device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The specific transmission is one of the following: a transmission of a payload for the first transmission from the base station, a transmission for connection from the second device, or a request for the first transmission from the base station or the second device.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The time and / or frequency resources are selected within a predetermined time interval after the specific transmission is received.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The time interval is i) configured by the base station, ii) determined based on the latency requirement for the first transmission, iii) configured for the first device or the group to which the first device belongs, or iv) configured for the second device or the group to which the second device belongs.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The resource set includes at least one of a first time and / or frequency resource set for the first transmission from the first device to the second device, a second time and / or frequency resource set for the second transmission from the second device to the first device, and / or a third time and / or frequency resource set for transmitting a carrier to the second device.

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the following step: The first device receives the second transmission from the second device in response to the first transmission. The second transmission is a backscattered signal transmitted based on the carrier wave.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The second transmission is performed on time and / or frequency resources determined from the second time and / or frequency resource set, and The carrier is transmitted on time and / or frequency resources determined from the third time and / or frequency resource set.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The first transmission is the physical reader to device channel PRDCH, and The second transmission is the physical device to reader channel PDRCH.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The carrier wave is transmitted from the first device or from an external device.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The time and / or frequency resources are randomly selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The time and / or frequency resources are selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on the interference level or the received signal strength.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The time and / or frequency resources are selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on whether the time and / or frequency resources overlap with uplink transmissions.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The time and / or frequency resources are selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on the delay requirements for the first transmission.

14. A first apparatus, the first apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver, the at least one transceiver being used to transmit and receive wireless signals; as well as At least one processor, the at least one processor being used to control the at least one transceiver, Wherein, the at least one processor is configured to: Receive information related to time and / or frequency resource sets from the base station; and The first transmission is sent to the second device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on receiving a specific transmission from the base station or the second device.

15. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, said at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, wherein, The at least one instruction can be executed by at least one processor to control the first device: Receive information related to time and / or frequency resource sets from the base station; as well as The first transmission is sent to the second device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on receiving a specific transmission from the base station or the second device.

16. A processing apparatus configured to control a first device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one computer memory, operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, the operations including: The first device receives information related to time and / or frequency resource sets from the base station; and The first device sends a first transmission to the second device on a time and / or frequency resource selected from the set of time and / or frequency resources. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on receiving a specific transmission from the base station or the second device.

17. A method comprising the steps of: The second device receives the first transmission from the first device at a time and / or on frequency resources selected from a set of time and / or frequency resources configured by the base station; and In response to the first transmission, the second device sends a second transmission to the first device. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on a specific transmission sent from the base station or the second device.

18. A second device, the second device comprising: At least one transceiver, the at least one transceiver being used to transmit and receive wireless signals; as well as At least one processor, the at least one processor being used to control the at least one transceiver, Wherein, the at least one processor is configured to: Receive a first transmission from the first device on time and / or frequency resources selected from a time and / or frequency resource set configured by the base station; and In response to the first transmission, a second transmission is sent to the first device. The time and / or frequency resources are selected by the first device from the set of time and / or frequency resources based on a specific transmission sent from the base station or the second device.

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