High-altitude tobacco area curing tobacco film under small seedling transplanting and water and fertilizer integrated method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-altitude tobacco area tobacco film-under small seedling transplanting and water and fertilizer integrated method, and comprises the following steps: deep ploughing, ridging, ponding, fertilizing, transplanting, pipe laying, film covering, film-under growth period management, and seedling digging and soil covering and secondary fertilizing seedling raising fertilizer; 40-45 day old healthy seedlings are selected, 0.015 mm white film special for high-altitude areas is used, and the strategy of forced film-under closed growth for 15-20 days is implemented, the 3-5 DEG C temperature increasing effect under the film is utilized, the seedlings are dug when the seedlings top the film and 10%-15% leaf tips are slightly yellow, and the anti-freezing damage rate is higher than 98%. Meanwhile, precise secondary fertilization is carried out 10 days after the transplanting and after the seedling digging in combination with the drip irrigation system. The application shortens the seedling period from the conventional 10-15 days to 3-4 days through the deep integration of agriculture and agricultural machinery, the survival rate is increased to more than 99%, the tobacco plants are promoted to grow early, the seedlings reach the cluster stage 5-7 days earlier than the conventional seedlings, the proportion of superior tobacco is increased by more than 10 percentage points, and the labor and fertilizer costs are significantly saved, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, and the method has great popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology, specifically to an integrated method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude tobacco-growing areas (2000-2600 meters above sea level), the temperature during the transplanting period is relatively low (mid-to-late March to early-to-mid April, with average daily temperatures of 10-15℃), posing the following technical challenges to flue-cured tobacco transplanting:

[0003] 1. Conventional plastic film mulching and transplanting technology

[0004] The main process is as follows: land preparation and ridging, fertilization, planting, watering, transplanting, covering with soil, spraying pesticides, covering with mulch, and removing seedlings. Tobacco seedlings are typically conventional seedlings with 6-8 functional leaves (seedling age 55-75 days). This technology has the following problems:

[0005] (1) Low temperature stress. The temperature is low during the transplanting period, the root system of tobacco seedlings recovers slowly, and the recovery period is as long as 10 to 15 days.

[0006] (2) Risk of frost damage. Frequent late frosts in high-altitude areas make tobacco seedlings susceptible to frost damage, with an incidence rate of up to 15% to 30%.

[0007] (3) Extensive water and fertilizer management. After transplanting, topdressing is mostly done manually by hole application or watering, with a fertilizer utilization rate of only about 30% and a large amount of labor required.

[0008] 2. Seedling transplanting technology under plastic film

[0009] This technology has been promoted and applied in tobacco-growing areas such as Yunnan in recent years. The main process is as follows: land preparation and ridging, fertilization, planting holes, watering, transplanting seedlings, covering with soil, spraying pesticides, and covering with plastic film (without breaking the film). The tobacco seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days before naturally emerging from the film or the film is manually broken. This technology has the following advantages:

[0010] (1) The temperature and humidity of the microenvironment under the film are suitable, which is conducive to root growth;

[0011] (2) Short seedling recovery period and high seedling survival rate;

[0012] (3) Avoid frost damage.

[0013] However, the following problems exist:

[0014] (1) Water and fertilizer management under the film after transplanting is difficult, and precise topdressing is not possible;

[0015] (2) It is difficult to replenish water and fertilizer when tobacco seedlings are lacking water and fertilizer during their growth under the film;

[0016] (3) It is still an experience-based operation and lacks standardized technical parameters.

[0017] (II) Problems and defects of existing technology

[0018] The following problems exist with using existing technologies in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas:

[0019] 1. Long recovery period. Low temperatures during transplanting mean that conventional seedlings require 10 to 15 days to recover, which affects the early growth of tobacco plants.

[0020] 2. High risk of frost damage. In high-altitude areas, late frosts are frequent in March and April, and the incidence of frost damage during conventional transplanting is about 30%. After the film is broken, tobacco seedlings are susceptible to frost damage.

[0021] 3. Topdressing seedlings under plastic film is difficult. During the 15-20 day growth period after transplanting seedlings under plastic film, precise topdressing is impossible, resulting in insufficient nutrition for tobacco plants in the early stage and stunted growth.

[0022] 4. Extensive water and fertilizer management. Water and fertilizer management relies on manual experience, fertilizer utilization rate is only about 20%, and labor costs are high (2 to 3 workers are needed per acre for topdressing).

[0023] 5. Low level of technological integration. Seedling transplanting under film and fertigation technology are used independently and have not been integrated into a system.

[0024] 6. Unstable yield and quality. Under the current technology, the yield of flue-cured tobacco in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas is only 120 kg per mu, and the proportion of high-grade tobacco is less than 50%.

[0025] Therefore, developing a method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco suitable for high-altitude tobacco-growing areas, organically combining seedling transplanting under mulch film with integrated water and fertilizer technology under mulch film to reduce labor and costs, improve survival rate, and promote early and rapid growth, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0026] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated method for transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated method for transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Land preparation and deep plowing and sun-drying. Before transplanting, the tobacco fields should be deeply plowed to a depth of ≥30cm and then harrowed.

[0029] Step 2: Ridging. For field tobacco, the ridge height should be more than 30cm, and for ground tobacco, the ridge height should be more than 25cm. After ridgeding, the ridges should be in a trapezoidal shape.

[0030] Step 3: Dig the pond. Drill the pond at a fixed point using a string line. The pond should be at least 18cm deep and 25-30cm in diameter.

[0031] Step 4: Fertilize. Mix the fertilizer and apply it in holes, then mix it thoroughly with the soil.

[0032] Step 5: Transplanting. Select robust seedlings with well-developed root systems, and transplant the seedlings to the edge of the tobacco planting area, not in the center.

[0033] Step 6: Laying pipes and covering with film. Set a drip nozzle every 15cm with the drip tape. Lay the drip tape in the center of the smoke box with the drip nozzles facing upwards. After the drip tape is laid, cover it with film and press it down firmly around the edges.

[0034] Step 7: Management during the under-film growth period. After transplanting the tobacco seedlings, do not break the holes or remove the seedlings. Let the seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days. 10 days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of 0.1% seedling fertilizer through drip irrigation and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the seedling. Continue until the leaves of the seedlings touch the film and 10%-15% of the seedlings show slight yellowing at the tips of the leaves.

[0035] Step 8: Remove the seedlings, cover them with soil, and apply a second top dressing of fertilizer to promote seedling growth. When the tobacco seedlings grow to the point where the leaves reach the top of the mulch film, make a small hole in the mulch film to remove the seedlings and seal the opening with fine soil. Apply the fertilizer through the drip irrigation system.

[0036] Preferably, in step two, the ridge bottom width is 70-80cm, the ridge surface width is 30-40cm, and the row spacing is 1.2m.

[0037] Preferably, the fertilizer used in step four is a mixture of commercial organic fertilizer or farmyard manure and approximately 60-75% tobacco.

[0038] Preferably, the seedlings in step five are selected from seedlings that are 40-45 days old, have 4-5 true leaves, and have a stem height of 1-1.5 cm.

[0039] Preferably, in step seven, the first drip irrigation with clean water is carried out within 2 hours after transplanting to settle the roots, with the soil moisture content of 0-20cm being ≥80%.

[0040] Preferably, in step eight, the topdressing fertilizer is a compound water-soluble fertilizer or nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and 1.5-2.5 kg of seedling fertilizer is applied per mu, with a fertilizer concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: solving the problem of low-temperature chilling injury at high altitudes. Transplanting seedlings under plastic film utilizes the warming and heat-preserving effect of the film, raising the temperature under the film by 3-5°C compared to the outside. The seedlings grow in a warm environment for 15-20 days, effectively avoiding low temperatures and late frost damage during the transplanting period, achieving a frost damage prevention rate of over 98%. The transplanting of seedlings causes minimal root damage, and the suitable temperature and humidity under the film shortens the recovery period from the conventional 10-15 days to 3-4 days, resulting in a transplant survival rate of over 99% (compared to the conventional 85-90%). Topdressing with fertilizer through a drip irrigation system precisely replenishes nutrients, compensating for nutrient consumption during the under-film growth period, promoting early and rapid growth of the tobacco plants, reaching the seedling stage 30-35 days after transplanting (5-7 days earlier than conventional methods). After adopting this method, tobacco plants grow vigorously, with yields reaching 160-180 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), an increase of 20%-30% compared to conventional methods (120-140 kg / mu). The proportion of high-quality tobacco reaches over 60%, an increase of more than 10 percentage points compared to conventional methods (35%-40%). The drip irrigation system achieves integrated water and fertilizer management, eliminating the need for manual topdressing, reducing labor by 2-3 workers per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) and saving labor costs of 160-240 yuan / mu. Fertilizer utilization rate increases by 20-30% (from approximately 30% to over 50%), saving 80 yuan / mu in fertilizer costs. Technical parameters for each stage are clearly defined, with key technical indicators such as seedling removal after 15-20 days of under-film growth clearly defined, facilitating promotion and replication. Precise water and fertilizer management reduces fertilizer loss and lowers agricultural non-point source pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ridge structure in the initial stage of transplanting according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the top film status of tobacco seedlings growing under the film for 15 and 20 days according to the present invention.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Ridge; 2. Mulch film; 3. Tobacco seedlings; 4. Drip irrigation tape; 5. Branch pipes. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Please see Figures 1-3This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas. The method employs a conventional drip irrigation system, where seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days after transplanting. Once the seedlings reach the top of the film, they are removed, covered with soil, and topdressed with fertilizer to promote seedling growth. The method includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Land preparation and deep plowing / sun-drying

[0049] Before transplanting, the tobacco field should be deeply plowed (depth ≥ 30cm) and harrowed.

[0050] Step 2: Ridging

[0051] For field tobacco, the ridge height should be 30 cm or more, and for ground tobacco, the ridge height should be 25 cm or more; the ridge bottom width should be 70-80 cm, and the ridge top width should be 30-40 cm, forming a trapezoidal shape after ridging. The row spacing should be 1.2 m.

[0052] Step 3: Digging the pond

[0053] The ponds are dug at fixed points using string lines. The ponds are designed to be at least 18 cm deep and 25-30 cm in diameter.

[0054] Step 4: Fertilizing

[0055] Mix commercial organic fertilizer or farmyard manure with about 70% tobacco compound fertilizer and apply it in holes, then mix it thoroughly with the soil.

[0056] Step 5: Transplanting

[0057] Select high-quality seedlings for transplanting. The tobacco seedlings must be transplanted to the edge of the tobacco patch, not in the center.

[0058] Seedling standards: Based on the characteristics of high-altitude tobacco areas, select robust seedlings that are 40-45 days old, have 4-5 true leaves, stems 1-1.5cm tall, and well-developed root systems.

[0059] Step Six: Pipe Laying and Membrane Covering

[0060] Install a drip nozzle every 15 centimeters on the drip irrigation tape, and lay the tape in the center of the smoke box with the drip nozzles facing upwards. After the drip irrigation tape is laid, cover it with a film and press it down firmly around the edges.

[0061] Mulch film selection: In high-altitude areas (above 2000 meters), use 0.015 mm white film, which has a good warming effect.

[0062] Step 7: Management during the under-film growth period (15-20 days after transplanting)

[0063] This stage is characterized by key technologies: after transplanting the tobacco seedlings, the holes are not broken or the seedlings are not removed, allowing the seedlings to grow under the film for 15-20 days.

[0064] Advantages of the microenvironment under the film: The temperature and humidity under the film are suitable. During the day, the film warms up the ground (the temperature inside the film is 3-5℃ higher than the outside temperature), and at night the film keeps the ground warm, effectively avoiding frost damage in high-altitude areas. The frost damage prevention rate can reach more than 98%.

[0065] Drip irrigation: Within 2 hours after transplanting, perform the first drip irrigation with clean water to settle the roots, with the soil moisture at 0-20cm being ≥80%.

[0066] First application of seedling fertilizer: 10 days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of seedling fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% through drip irrigation, and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the tobacco seedling.

[0067] Tobacco seedling growth: The tobacco seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days until the leaves reach the top of the film, and 10%-15% of the tobacco seedlings show slight yellowing at the tips of the leaves.

[0068] Step 8: Remove the seedlings, cover them with soil, and apply a second top dressing of fertilizer to promote seedling growth (15-20 days after transplanting).

[0069] This step is a key technical feature of the present invention:

[0070] When the tobacco seedlings grow to the point where the top of the leaves reaches the mulch film (15-20 days after transplanting), make a small hole in the mulch film, take out the seedlings, and seal the opening with fine soil.

[0071] Types of fertilizers for promoting seedling growth: compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, or nitrogen and potassium top dressing.

[0072] Fertilization method: Fertilization is carried out through a drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation system includes a drip irrigation tape 4 set on the top of the ridge 1. A pit is dug on the top of the ridge 1. A plastic film 2 is set on the top of the ridge 1. The drip irrigation tape 4 is located below the plastic film 2. Tobacco seedlings 3 are planted inside the pit. A branch pipe 5 is connected to the end of the drip irrigation tape 4. The branch pipe 5 is connected to the fertilizer tank through a water pump.

[0073] Fertilizer application rate: Apply 1.5-2.5 kg of seedling fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a fertilizer concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

[0074] Purpose of fertilization: To replenish the nutrients consumed by tobacco seedlings during the under-film growth period and promote early and rapid growth of tobacco plants.

[0075] After removing the seedlings, they enter into routine integrated water and fertilizer management.

[0076] Example 1 (Conventional planting area - He'ai Smoke Point, altitude 2000m)

[0077] Implementation location: He'ai Village, Hongge Town, Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, at an altitude of 2000m, with red soil as the soil type.

[0078] Implementation period: Mid-April to late April 2025

[0079] Detailed operation process:

[0080] 1. Land preparation. Before transplanting, the tobacco fields should be deeply plowed (depth ≥ 30cm) and harrowed.

[0081] 2. Ridging. The ridge height should be at least 25 cm, the ridge bottom width should be 70-80 cm, and the ridge surface width should be 30-40 cm. The row spacing should be 1.2 m.

[0082] 3. Digging the pond. Drill the pond at a fixed point using a string line. The pond should be at least 18 cm deep and 25-30 cm in diameter.

[0083] 4. Transplanting and application of organic fertilizer in holes. Apply about 70% tobacco compound fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer in holes, mix them thoroughly with the soil, and then transplant healthy seedlings that are 40-45 days old and have 4-5 true leaves.

[0084] 5. Pipe laying and film covering. Install drip nozzles every 15 cm on the drip irrigation tape, laying it in the center of the smoke box with the drip nozzles facing upwards. After covering with film, press firmly around the edges. Use 0.015mm white film.

[0085] 6. Initial drip irrigation to settle the roots. Within 2 hours after transplanting, drip irrigate with clean water to settle the roots, with the soil moisture content of 0-20cm being ≥80%.

[0086] 7. Under-film growth period (15 days after transplanting). The tobacco seedlings grow under the film without being removed. During this period, drip irrigation with clean water should be carried out once according to soil moisture.

[0087] 8. First application of seedling fertilizer. Seven days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of seedling fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% through drip irrigation, and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the tobacco seedling.

[0088] 9. Removing seedlings, covering with soil, and applying topdressing fertilizer. 15 days after transplanting, the tobacco seedlings' leaves will reach the mulch film. Make small holes in the mulch film to remove the seedlings and seal the openings with fine soil. At the same time, apply topdressing fertilizer through the drip irrigation system, using 3.5 kg of compound water-soluble fertilizer per acre at a concentration of 0.15%.

[0089] Implementation results:

[0090] This example transplanted a total area of ​​50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares). Measurements showed that...

[0091] The survival rate of tobacco seedlings was 99.2% (compared to 90% under normal circumstances).

[0092] The seedling recovery period is 3 days (normally 10-12 days).

[0093] During the growth period under the film, the temperature inside the film was 4°C higher than that outside, but no frost damage occurred (the incidence of conventional frost damage is 15%).

[0094] The yield of flue-cured tobacco is 165 kg / mu (compared to 130 kg / mu for conventional tobacco).

[0095] The proportion of premium cigarettes is 62% (compared to 48% for regular cigarettes);

[0096] This reduces the number of workers needed by 2.5 per mu, saving 200 yuan in labor costs.

[0097] Fertilizer utilization rate increased by 25% (from the conventional 35% to 50%), saving fertilizer costs of 75 yuan.

[0098] Example 2 (High-altitude area - Gesala smoke point, altitude 2500m)

[0099] Location: Pingyuan Village, Gesala Township, Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, at an altitude of 2,500m, with sandy soil.

[0100] Implementation period: Late March to early April 2025

[0101] Detailed operation process:

[0102] 1. Land preparation. Same as Example 1.

[0103] 2. Ridging. The ridges for tobacco fields should be at least 30 centimeters high.

[0104] 3. Dig a pond. The pond should be at least 18 cm deep and 25-30 cm in diameter.

[0105] 4. Transplanting and applying organic fertilizer in the planting hole. Same as in Example 1.

[0106] 5. Pipe laying and membrane covering. Same as in Example 1.

[0107] 6. Initial drip irrigation for root establishment. Same as Example 1.

[0108] 7. Under-film growth period. 20 days after transplanting, the tobacco seedling leaves reach the top of the mulch film (in high-altitude areas where the temperature is lower, the under-film growth period is extended to 20 days).

[0109] 8. First application of seedling fertilizer. Ten days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of seedling fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1% through drip irrigation, and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the tobacco seedling.

[0110] 9. Remove seedlings, cover with soil, and apply a second top dressing of fertilizer to promote seedling growth. Remove seedlings 20 days after transplanting, and at the same time apply 3 kg / mu of fertilizer to promote seedling growth through drip irrigation at a concentration of 0.1%.

[0111] Implementation results:

[0112] This example transplanted a total area of ​​100 mu (approximately 6.7 hectares). Measurements showed that...

[0113] The survival rate of tobacco seedlings was 99.5% (compared to 85% under normal circumstances).

[0114] The seedling recovery period is 4 days (normally 12-15 days);

[0115] No low-temperature freezing damage was observed in high-altitude areas (the incidence of conventional freezing damage is 25%).

[0116] The yield of flue-cured tobacco is 158 kg / mu (compared to 125 kg / mu for conventional tobacco).

[0117] The proportion of premium cigarettes is 60% (compared to 45% for regular cigarettes);

[0118] This reduces the number of workers needed by 2.2 per mu, saving 176 yuan in labor costs.

[0119] Fertilizer utilization rate increased by 22%, saving fertilizer costs of 70 yuan.

[0120] Example 3 (Preferred option – hot spring smoke point, altitude 2300m)

[0121] Location: Napian Village, Wenquan Township, Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, at an altitude of 2300m.

[0122] Implementation time: Mid-April 2025

[0123] Technical parameter optimization:

[0124] 1. Optimized tobacco seedling standards. Seedling vigor rate over 95%, seedling age 42-45 days, 4-5 true leaves, no leaf pruning.

[0125] 2. Optimization of growth under mulch. 18 days after transplanting, seedlings were removed when the leaves touched the mulch and 12% of the seedlings showed slight yellowing of the leaves.

[0126] 3. Optimize seedling fertilizer. Eight days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of seedling fertilizer at a concentration of 0.1%, and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the tobacco seedling; when removing the seedlings, apply 3 kg / mu of seedling fertilizer at a concentration of 0.2%, and apply it with the drip irrigation system.

[0127] 4. Water and fertilizer management throughout the entire growth period. Follow the principles of "integrated water and fertilizer management, phased nutrition, small amounts and multiple applications, and one application per application", and apply fertilizer 4 times throughout the entire growth period.

[0128] Implementation results:

[0129] This example transplanted a total area of ​​120 mu (approximately 8 hectares). Measurements showed that...

[0130] The survival rate of tobacco seedlings was 99.6% (compared to 88% under normal circumstances).

[0131] The seedling period is 3 days (normally 10 days);

[0132] 100% frost damage prevention rate (compared to a 20% incidence of conventional frost damage);

[0133] The yield of flue-cured tobacco was 172 kg per mu (compared to 125 kg per mu under normal conditions), an increase of 37.6%;

[0134] The proportion of premium cigarettes was 62% (compared to the usual 46%), an increase of 19 percentage points;

[0135] The number of workers required per mu is reduced by 3, saving 240 yuan in labor costs;

[0136] Fertilizer utilization rate increased by 18% (from the conventional 32% to 50%), saving fertilizer costs of 90 yuan;

[0137] The overall economic benefits are about 500 yuan per mu higher than those of conventional methods.

[0138] As shown in Table 1, this invention addresses the low temperatures during the transplanting period in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas by integrating under-film seedling transplanting technology with drip irrigation and fertigation. The drip irrigation tape is laid in the center of the tobacco bed, beneath the mulch film. The seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days after transplanting, utilizing the film's warming and heat-preserving effect (raising the internal temperature by 3-5°C) to prevent frost damage, achieving a frost protection rate of over 98%. The seedlings are not immediately removed after transplanting but grow under the film for 15-20 days until they top out, at which point the root system is well-developed. Fertilizer is applied 7-10 days after planting and simultaneously with removing the seedlings, precisely replenishing the nutrients consumed during the under-film growth period, achieving the technical effect of "small seedlings planted, large seedlings grown, and fertilization immediately after removal." Following the principles of "integrated water and fertilizer, phased nutrition, small amounts multiple times, and one application per day," fertilization is applied 3-5 times throughout the entire growth period. Applying seedling-promoting fertilizer during seedling removal is a key technological innovation of this invention, increasing fertilizer utilization from the conventional 30% to over 50%.

[0139] Table 1. Operational data and corresponding indicators of this method.

[0140] Tobacco seedling standards Seedlings 40-45 days old, with 4-5 true leaves, and a robust seedling rate of ≥90%, without pruning leaves. Submembrane growth period 15-20 days (after the tobacco seedlings have covered the film and 10%-15% of the leaves have turned slightly yellow) ridging height Field smoke ≥30cm, ground smoke ≥25cm pond deep ≥18cm Pond diameter 25-30cm Base fertilizer application Mix organic fertilizer with approximately 70% tobacco compound fertilizer in holes and apply evenly. Timing of application of seedling fertilizer 7-10 days after transplanting, or 15-20 days after transplanting. Dosage of seedling fertilizer For the first application, use 1.5 kg / mu at a concentration of 0.1%; for the second application, use 1.5-2.5 kg / mu at a concentration of 0.1%-0.2%. Holes on seedlings Ten days after transplanting, make a 3-centimeter hole on one side of the tobacco seedling. Sub-membrane heating effect The temperature inside the membrane is 3-5℃ higher than the outside temperature. Frost damage prevention rate ≥98% Transplant survival rate ≥99% Seedling stage 3-4 days Improved fertilizer utilization Around 30% (to be increased to over 50%) Yield per mu 160-180kg (20%-30% increase in yield compared to conventional methods) Proportion of high-quality tobacco ≥60% (more than 10 percentage points higher than the usual rate) Labor per mu decreased 2-3

[0141] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-altitude tobacco region tobacco film mulching small seedling transplanting and water and fertilizer integrated method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Land preparation and deep plowing and sun-drying. Before transplanting, the tobacco fields should be deeply plowed to a depth of ≥30cm and then harrowed. Step 2: Ridging. For field tobacco, the ridge height should be more than 30cm, and for ground tobacco, the ridge height should be more than 25cm. After ridgeding, the ridges should be in a trapezoidal shape. Step 3: Dig the pond. Drill the pond at a fixed point using a string line. The pond should be at least 18cm deep and 25-30cm in diameter. Step 4: Fertilize. Mix the fertilizer and apply it in holes, then mix it thoroughly with the soil. Step 5: Transplanting. Select robust seedlings with well-developed root systems, and transplant the seedlings to the edge of the tobacco planting area, not in the center. Step 6: Laying pipes and covering with film. Set a drip nozzle every 15cm with the drip tape. Lay the drip tape in the center of the smoke box with the drip nozzles facing upwards. After the drip tape is laid, cover it with film and press it down firmly around the edges. Step 7: Management during the under-film growth period. After transplanting the tobacco seedlings, do not break the holes or remove the seedlings. Let the seedlings grow under the film for 15-20 days. 10 days after transplanting, apply 1.5 kg / mu of 0.1% seedling fertilizer through drip irrigation and make a 3 cm hole on one side of the seedling. Continue until the leaves of the seedlings touch the film and 10%-15% of the seedlings show slight yellowing at the tips of the leaves. Step 8: Remove the seedlings, cover them with soil, and apply a second top dressing of fertilizer to promote seedling growth. When the tobacco seedlings grow to the point where the leaves reach the top of the mulch film, make a small hole in the mulch film to remove the seedlings and seal the opening with fine soil. Apply the fertilizer through the drip irrigation system.

2. The film mulching and transplanting of small seedlings and water and fertilizer integrated method for flue-cured tobacco in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the bottom width of the ridge is 70-80cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the row spacing is 1.2m.

3. The film mulching and transplanting of small seedlings and water and fertilizer integrated method for flue-cured tobacco in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer used in step four is a mixture of commercial organic fertilizer or farmyard manure and approximately 60-75% tobacco.

4. The integrated method for transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the seedlings should be 40-45 days old, have 4-5 true leaves, and have a stem height of 1-1.5 cm.

5. The integrated method for transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, the first drip irrigation with clean water should be carried out within 2 hours after transplanting to settle the roots, with the soil moisture content of 0-20cm being ≥80%.

6. The integrated method for transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film and fertigation in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eight, the topdressing fertilizer is a compound water-soluble fertilizer or nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and 1.5-2.5 kg of seedling fertilizer is applied per mu, with a fertilizer concentration of 0.1%-0.2%.

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