A method for growing fruit trees

Abstract

The application discloses a fruit tree planting method and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The method aims at the problems of complex micro-terrain of hilly orchard, extensive artificial site selection, and uncoordinated matching of soil layer and lighting conditions, leading to uneven growth of fruit trees and uneven quality of fruits. The method relies on operation parameters of a crawler-type ditching and fertilizing machine combined with micro-terrain posture sensing data to cooperatively select a planting point array that is adapted to soil layer and lighting conditions. The method completes site selection by quantitative screening, staggered lighting layout, time sequence calibration and demarcation, and is combined with the whole process of standard seedling planting, mechanized global management and protection, intelligent dynamic water and fertilizer supply, directional nutrient regulation during flowering and fruiting periods, and post-harvest soil conservation. The application unifies the growth environment of fruit trees in hilly orchards, improves the problems of plant growth differentiation and uneven fruiting, improves the standardization degree of orchard planting and the uniformity of fruits, stabilizes the yield of fruit trees, and is suitable for large-scale high-quality planting production in hilly areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting technology, specifically to a standardized fruit tree planting method suitable for hilly and mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] The hilly and mountainous orchards in southern China feature varied micro-topography, with inconsistent soil looseness and frequent localized compaction. Differences in slope gradient and aspect lead to uneven sunlight distribution within the orchard. Currently, orchard planting in hilly areas relies heavily on manual experience for site selection and planting, allowing only a rough assessment of local soil conditions and sunlight exposure. This lack of synergistic and quantitative matching between soil cultivation conditions and slope lighting conditions results in poor consistency between the soil substrate and light environment at planting sites. These issues lead to significant variations in tree growth conditions across the orchard, easily causing tree vigor differentiation, low uniformity of fruit bearing, and inconsistent fruit quality. Furthermore, the lack of standardization in traditional planting processes makes it difficult for each production stage to adapt to the diverse environment of hilly orchards, further exacerbating unstable yields and uneven quality, and failing to meet the requirements for large-scale, standardized, high-quality fruit tree cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for planting fruit trees to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A fruit tree planting method includes the following steps: orchard land preparation and soil improvement, seedling planting, growing season management, water and fertilizer supply, flower and fruit maintenance, and post-harvest management. In the orchard land preparation and soil improvement step, the operating parameters of a tracked ditching and fertilizing machine are combined with micro-topography attitude sensing data to coordinate and match soil tillage conditions with slope lighting conditions, and to collaboratively select planting point arrays. The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Orchard preparation and soil improvement: Tracked ditching and fertilization machines are used to carry out mechanized ditching, base fertilizer application, deep tillage and soil improvement operations in hilly planting areas, and planting point selection is completed simultaneously. S2. Seedling planting: Select healthy and disease-free fruit tree seedlings, and complete the planting, soil covering and compaction, and root watering operations at the marked planting points according to the standard plant spacing. S3. Growing season management: During the fruit tree growth cycle, complete the overall prevention and control of pests and diseases and field maintenance operations in the orchard through mechanized spraying equipment and field tillage machinery. S4. Water and fertilizer supply: The water and fertilizer integrated equipment equipped with intelligent control terminal is used to carry out quantitative and precise water and fertilizer replenishment to fruit trees according to the field environment and plant growth status. S5. Flowering and Fruiting Period Maintenance: During the flowering and fruiting stage of fruit trees, match the development rhythm of flowers and fruits, dynamically regulate water and fertilizer supply parameters, and complete the phased targeted nutrition regulation and maintenance work. S6. Post-harvest maintenance: After the fruit harvest, clean up the waste in the orchard and field, and complete the soil fertility restoration and plant overwintering protection through mechanized ditching, fertilization and deep plowing operations.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine monitors the ditching pressure fluctuation value in real time during the inter-row operation. Using the constant range of operating pressure fluctuation as the criterion, it selects the operating section with loose and uniform soil as the candidate planting area for the orchard.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine collects the machine's attitude parameters in real time through onboard inertial sensors, restores the slope and aspect information of the garden's micro-topography, selects stable light-receiving sections based on slope orientation, and performs consistency matching constraints on the terrain attitude parameters of each candidate planting area to form a planting point array layout with uniform cultivation and lighting conditions.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, when laying out the planting points in the stable light-receiving section, the micro-topographical posture of the planting points between adjacent rows is adjusted to form a complementary and adaptable structure, so that the planting point array in the whole garden forms a staggered light-receiving complementary arrangement structure.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, after completing the staggered complementary lighting arrangement, the slope and aspect parameters of each planting area are dynamically checked and calibrated based on the temporal posture data of the machinery's movement operation. False adaptation areas corresponding to instantaneous posture deviations are eliminated, and the sections with stable terrain posture throughout the entire operation time are locked as the final planting point array areas.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, based on the finally determined planting point array area, the planting point location is traced and marked by associating the operation posture trajectory of the machinery. The precise calibration of the planting points in the entire orchard is completed using the terrain posture coordinates recorded by the inertial sensor as a reference.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, healthy and disease-free fruit tree seedlings are selected and planted at the designated planting points according to the preset standardized spacing. After planting, the seedlings are covered with soil, compacted, and watered to settle the roots, thus completing the standardized planting operation.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, a remote-controlled wind-driven spraying device is used to carry out wind-driven atomization full-coverage spraying of all plants in the orchard through remote wireless control, in conjunction with tracked field machinery to complete the mechanized cultivation and management of the orchard and the full-area prevention and control of pests and diseases.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the integrated water and fertilizer system is equipped with a water storage component, a fertilizer mixing component, a variable frequency fertilizer pump and a field drip irrigation network. The intelligent monitoring terminal collects field environment and plant growth parameters and matches the corresponding water and fertilizer ratio, and quantitatively delivers water and fertilizer to the plant root area through the drip irrigation network.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, during the fruit tree flowering and fruiting growth stage, the water and fertilizer ratio parameters and supply of the integrated water and fertilizer system are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time development needs of the plant to complete the targeted nutrient regulation operation during the flowering and fruiting period.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention combines the operating pressure parameters of a tracked ditching and fertilizing machine with micro-topography attitude sensing data to achieve coordinated quantitative screening of soil cultivation conditions and slope lighting conditions in hilly orchards. This changes the traditional extensive site selection and single-dimensional judgment model based on manual experience, enabling the screening of high-quality planting areas with uniform soil structure and stable lighting conditions. Through staggered complementary lighting layout, dynamic calibration of time-series data, and mechanized point calibration, the soil and light growth base of all fruit trees in the orchard is unified, effectively alleviating the uneven tree growth caused by micro-topography differences and non-standard site selection in hilly orchards. This solution addresses issues such as uneven fruit set, inconsistent fruit uniformity, and inconsistent fruit quality. It integrates a standardized operational system encompassing standardized planting, mechanized comprehensive management, intelligent dynamic water and fertilizer control, targeted nutrient maintenance during flowering and fruiting, and post-harvest soil restoration. This system is adapted to the complex growing environment of hilly orchards, standardizes the maintenance of fruit trees at each growth stage, improves the overall standardization of orchard planting, stabilizes tree growth and yield, enhances fruit uniformity and marketability, and reduces manual operation deviations and management costs. It can meet the needs of large-scale, standardized, high-quality fruit tree planting and production in hilly and mountainous areas, and possesses excellent application prospects and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This invention relates to a process flow diagram of a fruit tree planting method. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, the embodiment is applicable to orchards in hilly and mountainous areas with slopes of 3° to 15° in southern regions, providing a set of refined fruit tree planting techniques that are adapted to the micro-topographical conditions of hilly areas and can be standardized and implemented. The entire process includes orchard preparation and soil improvement, seedling planting, growth period management, water and fertilizer supply regulation, nutritional maintenance during the flowering and fruiting period, and post-harvest soil fertility conservation. It relies on tracked ditching and fertilizing machines in conjunction with intelligent sensing and control equipment to carry out integrated operations, alleviating the industry problems of traditional hilly orchards that rely on manual experience, extensive site selection, uneven tree growth, low light utilization efficiency, and declining soil fertility over the years.

[0019] In the land preparation and soil improvement stage, this technology abandons the traditional extensive operation method of manually surveying and selecting sites and independently judging soil and light conditions. Instead, it relies on the real-time operation parameters of the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine, combined with the micro-topographic attitude data collected by the onboard inertial sensor, to match the soil cultivation status and slope lighting conditions of the orchard, and collaboratively select suitable planting sites from the overall orchard layout.

[0020] In practice, the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine is controlled to move at a constant speed, simultaneously completing inter-row ditching, basal fertilizer incorporation, deep tillage, and soil improvement. The pressure and inertial sensors on the machine collect operational data at a frequency of 10Hz. Using a continuous 3m working interval as the smallest judgment unit, high-quality sections with uniform soil layers are first selected based on the fluctuation of working pressure. Then, sections with stable lighting conditions are selected based on the micro-topography slope and aspect parameters. Inferior sections with uneven soil quality, obvious compaction, and significant topographic shading are eliminated. The land preparation, soil improvement, and planting area selection are completed simultaneously.

[0021] Compared to traditional manual surveying and single-point selection methods, this process eliminates the need for additional manual light and slope measurements and soil sampling. It utilizes conventional machinery operation to achieve quantitative optimization of the entire orchard layout, simplifying the process, increasing replicability, and making it suitable for large-scale hilly orchard establishment. This process modifies the extensive, experience-driven approach, enabling mechanized and integrated operations for land preparation, optimization, and layout. This shortens the initial orchard establishment period and reduces the time and labor costs associated with manual surveying and terrain analysis. It also addresses the shortcomings of traditional techniques that require independent assessment of soil and light conditions, unifying the growth base of all trees during the establishment phase and reducing issues such as uneven tree growth, inconsistent fruiting times, and stratified fruit quality. Through global layout optimization, it improves the efficiency of land and light resource utilization in hilly orchards, supports balanced growth throughout the entire fruit tree life cycle, and stabilizes orchard yield and fruit quality. Compared to traditional planting methods, this process demonstrates significant technological improvement and application value.

[0022] During the land preparation and selection process, the soil tillage status is quantified by the fluctuation value of the trenching pressure of the machinery, and planting sections with loose and uniform soil are selected. In actual operation, the tracked trenching and fertilizing machine is controlled to carry out trenching operations between rows in the whole garden at a uniform speed of 1.0m / min, with the trenching depth set at 30cm. The onboard pressure sensor continuously collects the real-time trenching pressure, and the preset qualified operating pressure range is 800~1200N.

[0023] During the operation, the soil condition between rows is checked section by section. If the pressure fluctuation within a continuous 3-meter operation does not exceed ±50N, the soil layer is considered loose and uniform, with low compaction and stable thickness, indicating suitable cultivation conditions, and is designated as a candidate planting area for fruit trees. If the pressure fluctuation exceeds this range within a continuous 3-meter operation, the soil is considered to have poor uniformity, uneven soil thickness, or local compaction, and is not considered a candidate planting area. After the entire orchard is completed, planting sections with uniform soil physicochemical properties and suitable for root growth can be selected.

[0024] This method relies on mechanized operation to complete comprehensive soil screening, eliminating the need for manual sampling and analysis. The testing covers the entire orchard, overcoming the problems of missed or false positives and inconsistent judgment standards associated with traditional manual single-point sampling. This ensures a relatively consistent soil cultivation base across the planting area. The process enables quantitative screening of soil quality, reducing issues such as poor root development, weak tree growth, and missing or dead seedlings caused by planting in compacted or weak soil areas, thus improving planting survival rates. The process standardizes soil looseness, soil thickness, and cultivation resistance across the entire orchard, mitigating factors that induce plant growth differentiation. Furthermore, it utilizes existing machine parameters for condition monitoring, eliminating the need for additional testing equipment and surveying procedures, simplifying the workflow and reducing production costs. Compared to traditional soil screening methods, it offers advantages such as high efficiency, strong adaptability, and controllable costs, addressing the issue of insufficient precision in soil selection in hilly orchards.

[0025] After selecting candidate areas with suitable soil conditions, the machine's attitude parameters are collected in real time using airborne inertial sensors to obtain data on the slope and aspect of the garden's micro-topography. Based on the slope parameters, sections with stable light exposure are further selected, and the topographic parameters of the candidate areas are uniformly constrained to form a planting grid layout with relatively balanced soil and light conditions.

[0026] In practice, inertial sensors collect machine attitude data at a frequency of 10Hz to obtain orchard micro-topographic parameters, setting terrain thresholds suitable for the long-term growth of fruit trees. Slope angles are controlled between 3° and 15°, with south, southeast, and southwest orientations selected. During operation, terrain parameters are verified for each high-quality soil section, retaining sections with slopes and aspects within the set ranges, and eliminating inferior sections with excessively large slopes leading to water and fertilizer loss, excessively small slopes resulting in insufficient sunlight, or shady slopes with weak light. This standardizes the terrain and lighting conditions of the planting area. In the application scenario of citrus orchards in the hilly areas of southern China, this technology can control the annual difference in sunshine duration at planting sites to within 10%.

[0027] This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional site selection methods that rely solely on a single dimension. It establishes a collaborative selection approach that considers both soil cultivation conditions and micro-topography and lighting conditions, taking into account the needs of both underground root growth and above-ground photosynthetic growth. This reduces problems such as low photosynthetic efficiency, weak tree growth, and insufficient fruit load in shady areas, as well as water and fertilizer loss and root waterlogging in steep slopes. By standardizing the constraints of topography and lighting parameters, it achieves homogeneous management of the fruit tree's growth environment, alleviating industry-wide problems in hilly orchards caused by micro-topographical differences, such as tree stratification, uneven fruit load, inconsistent ripening times, and significant variations in fruit quality. This improves orchard yield stability and fruit uniformity, representing a significant technological improvement over conventional site selection methods.

[0028] After selecting the best soil and light conditions and identifying high-quality sections, the planting layout was optimized. By adjusting the micro-topographical differences between planting points in adjacent rows, a complementary light-receiving structure between rows was formed, and a staggered planting array was constructed to improve the shading problem that easily occurs in traditional regular layouts.

[0029] In practical implementation, within suitable sections with slopes of 3°–15° and orientations of south, southeast, or southwest, the row spacing should be 3.2m and the plant spacing 2.2m. During the layout process, the slope difference between adjacent planting points should be controlled to be 2°–5°, and the slope angle should be 10°–20°, forming a staggered arrangement with complementary lighting angles. Rows with higher elevations and slightly steeper slopes serve as morning lighting areas, while rows with lower elevations and gentler slopes serve as afternoon lighting areas, ensuring that the lighting periods between adjacent rows complement each other and reducing shading and localized areas of weak light. In hilly loquat orchards, this layout can increase the overall effective light utilization rate by more than 15%, alleviating the problems of insufficient localized light, stratified tree growth, and low uniformity of fruit setting associated with traditional, regular layouts.

[0030] This technology is no longer limited to a homogeneous and regular layout. It utilizes the slight differences in hilly micro-topography to achieve complementary lighting, adapting to the lighting needs of fruit trees without large-scale terrain modifications and reducing orchard renovation costs. This layout reduces the problems of inter-row shading and light waste that exist in traditional arrangements, taps into scattered light resources in hilly orchards, and improves the overall light energy utilization level. The staggered lighting structure can reduce the differences in effective photosynthetic duration among different plants, reduce the differentiation between strong and weak trees, and promote synchronous growth, synchronous flower bud differentiation, and concentrated fruit ripening of all fruit trees in the orchard. This improves the orchard's stable yield capacity and the proportion of marketable fruit, making it an optimized layout method adapted to hilly terrain. Compared with the traditional regular layout, it has significant application advantages and economic benefits.

[0031] After completing the initial layout of staggered planting, in order to reduce the data interference caused by ground gravel, protrusions and driving bumps during a single static sampling of the equipment, the slope and aspect parameters of the planting area were dynamically checked and calibrated based on the temporal posture data of the equipment throughout its journey. False fit areas corresponding to instantaneous abnormal data were eliminated, and sections with stable temporal status were selected as the final planting areas.

[0032] During the specific calibration process, each 5m working section is used as an independent calibration unit. Within each unit, 20 or more sets of slope and aspect data at different time intervals are continuously collected. The average value of the unit data is used as the baseline true value, and the deviation of a single set of data from the baseline true value is compared. When the slope deviation of a single set of data is greater than 2° or the aspect deviation is greater than 8°, it is determined to be instantaneous data caused by machinery movement disturbance or local ground anomalies, and the corresponding section is determined to be a false fit area and is not retained. Sections with stable time-series data fluctuations, no obvious instantaneous anomalies, and stable terrain and lighting conditions are selected to construct the final planting matrix. In hilly peach orchards, this method can screen out most false fit areas, reduce site selection deviations caused by single sampling errors, and ensure that the planting points are adapted to the environmental requirements of the fruit trees' multi-year growth.

[0033] This dynamic temporal calibration method improves upon the limited accuracy and instability of traditional single static sampling. It performs a secondary screening over time, eliminating false high-quality areas caused by machinery disturbances and localized ground anomalies. This ensures long-term stability of the topography and lighting conditions at planting sites, aligning with the perennial growth characteristics of fruit trees and reducing problems such as tree growth decline and yield fluctuations caused by later environmental changes. It enhances the stability and reliability of planting layout, ensuring the consistent effectiveness of early soil selection, optimal lighting, and staggered layout optimization, reducing the probability of failure in the optimization process, and forming a multi-dimensional site selection guarantee system. Compared to traditional static site selection methods, this represents a significant technological improvement.

[0034] After determining the final planting area, the planting points are traced and marked based on the attitude trajectory data stored throughout the operation of the machinery. The topographic coordinates recorded by the inertial sensor are used as the reference to complete the calibration of the entire orchard, so as to achieve precise connection between the optimal layout and the field planting operation.

[0035] During the specific calibration process, the inertial coordinate trajectory file of the entire machine operation is retrieved, and the center attitude coordinates of the qualified planting section are extracted as the planting reference point, controlling the single-point positioning error within ±3cm. In-situ mechanical marking is completed through machine-based point indentation, eliminating the need for manual stringing and visual calibration. The calibration points correspond to the previously selected areas with favorable soil layers, terrain, and sunlight exposure. In hilly kiwifruit orchards, this method enables mechanized and continuous operation of site selection, calibration, and marking, improving the matching degree between the calibration location and the high-quality planting area, reducing the problem of unreasonable resource utilization caused by manual marking deviations, and ensuring the implementation of refined and optimal planting layout.

[0036] This calibration process improves the operational chain of land preparation and selection, data collection, point calibration, and field calibration, addressing the problem of insufficient connection between traditional layout and on-site construction, and ensuring the effective implementation of layout optimization. Mechanized and digital calibration methods replace manual visual line drawing, improving the accuracy of point calibration and reducing human error. By making rational use of the orchard's high-quality soil and sunlight resources, most fruit trees are placed in suitable growing conditions, improving the uniformity of tree growth across the orchard, stabilizing the foundation for quality and yield improvement in the orchard, and perfecting the mechanized precision planting operation method in hilly orchards.

[0037] After the planting sites are marked, seedling planting is carried out. Healthy one-year-old fruit tree seedlings free from pests and diseases are selected and planted at the marked locations according to standardized specifications. The standardized planting operation unifies the growth foundation of all seedlings in the orchard.

[0038] In the specific planting operation, one-year-old seedlings with a ground diameter of 0.8-1.0 cm, intact root systems, strong branches, and free from diseases and pests are selected. A planting row spacing of 3.2 m and a plant spacing of 2.2 m are set, and the seedlings are planted vertically at the designated points. Planting pits of 40cm×40cm×30cm are dug uniformly. A 5cm layer of well-rotted fine soil is laid at the bottom of the pit. After placing the seedling in the pit, fine soil is backfilled in layers, with each 10cm layer of soil being moderately compacted to ensure close contact between the roots and the soil, reducing root exposure and bending. Watering is performed within 30 minutes of planting, with approximately 10kg of water per plant. In the application of citrus seedling planting, this standardized planting method can unify the planting depth, spacing, and root contact throughout the orchard, shorten the seedling establishment period by 3-5 days, and stabilize the seedling survival rate at over 98%.

[0039] This planting method employs standardized management throughout the entire process, from seedling selection and planting size to backfilling and compaction, and watering to ensure consistent initial growth across the entire orchard. This reduces growth variation caused by individual seedling differences and variations in construction techniques. Standardized planting procedures protect the seedling root system, mitigate transplant stress, shorten the recovery period, and improve orchard uniformity. It is well-suited to the refined grid layout established in the early stages, combining optimal planting sites with standardized planting techniques to fully leverage the technical benefits of layout optimization. This lays a solid foundation for balanced fruit tree growth, uniform fruit setting, and stable yield and quality improvement, representing a significant improvement over traditional, haphazard planting methods.

[0040] After the seedlings are planted, the growing season management stage begins. Remote-controlled wind-driven spraying equipment is used in conjunction with tracked field machinery to carry out pest and disease control and field maintenance operations, adapting to the management needs of hilly terrain and staggered planting layout.

[0041] In specific management operations, the parameters of the wind-assisted spraying equipment are set as follows: atomized particle size of approximately 70μm, air pressure of 0.4MPa, and operating speed of 1.8m / s. This ensures that the pesticide penetrates the canopy and covers the gaps in leaves and branches, reducing missed areas and over-spraying. During the normal growing season, spraying is done every 18 days; during the peak pest and disease season from April to June, spraying is adjusted to every 11 days. Simultaneously, tracked machinery is used every 30 days for shallow cultivation and weeding between rows, with the cultivation depth controlled at 8-10cm to avoid damage to the root system. This method can cover areas where manual management is inconvenient, such as steep slopes and narrow rows, improving the overall pest and disease control coverage of the orchard, reducing differences in tree growth caused by localized pest and disease outbreaks, and maintaining the stability of the overall growth status of the orchard.

[0042] This management method is suitable for hilly terrain and staggered planting layouts, improving upon the blind spots in traditional manual management and fixed equipment spraying, and enhancing the overall coverage effect of field maintenance and pest and disease control. Mechanized operations can improve management efficiency, reduce manual management costs, and are suitable for large-scale orchard production. Regular plant protection and shallow cultivation and weeding can reduce weeds and pest and disease breeding grounds in the field, maintain loose and breathable soil, ensure normal root respiration and nutrient absorption, stabilize the uniformity of tree growth throughout the orchard, reduce differences in local weak plants, continuously consolidate the results of refined orchard establishment, and achieve standardized and balanced management during the growing season.

[0043] Throughout the fruit tree growth process, water and fertilizer are supplied using an integrated water and fertilizer system equipped with an intelligent control terminal. The system includes a water storage, stirring, frequency conversion fertilization, and drip irrigation network structure. It can adjust the water and fertilizer ratio and supply according to the soil conditions and plant growth, achieving quantitative and targeted replenishment of the root zone.

[0044] In specific water and fertilizer supply operations, the system's stirring speed is set to 70 r / min to ensure full fertilizer dissolution, and the variable frequency fertilizer pump's normal operating frequency is set to 30 Hz. The equipment monitors soil moisture content in real time, and the water and fertilizer replenishment program is activated when the soil moisture content is below 18%. During the vegetative growth period, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of water and fertilizer is 3:1:2, the drip irrigation flow rate is 2.5 L / h, and the single supply duration is 25 min. In hilly plum orchards, this dynamic supply method can improve the traditional extensive operation mode of flood irrigation and fixed-ratio fertilization, increasing water and fertilizer utilization efficiency by more than 20%, making the nutrient and water supply to each plant more balanced, reducing individual growth differences, and maintaining the uniformity of tree growth throughout the orchard.

[0045] This water and fertilizer supply technology changes the traditional experience-based fertilization and irrigation methods, dynamically adjusting water and fertilizer parameters based on soil moisture and plant growth status to meet the nutrient needs of the vegetative growth stage. Targeted drip irrigation reduces water and fertilizer evaporation and loss, improves resource utilization efficiency, and saves production costs. Standardized and precise water and fertilizer supply can unify the nutrient absorption efficiency and growth rate of all plants in the orchard, mitigating individual growth differences and stabilizing overall orchard uniformity. It forms a complete operational system with the initial site selection, planting, and management processes, creating balanced growth conditions from multiple dimensions including soil, light, field management, and water and fertilizer supply. This alleviates the problems of uneven water and fertilizer distribution, growth differentiation, and resource waste in traditional orchards, demonstrating strong field adaptability and practicality.

[0046] During the critical stages of flower and fruit development, the water and fertilizer ratio, supply flow and supply cycle are dynamically adjusted according to the growth patterns of flowering period, young fruit period and ripening period, and phased targeted nutrient regulation is carried out to match the rhythm of flower and fruit development.

[0047] In specific regulation processes, during the flowering period, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of water and fertilizer is adjusted to 1:2:2, with appropriate amounts of boron and zinc micronutrients added. The drip irrigation flow rate is reduced to 1.8 L / h, and applied every 8 days to promote flower bud differentiation and reduce flower drop. During the young fruit enlargement period, the water and fertilizer ratio is adjusted to 1:1:3, increasing the potassium fertilizer supply ratio, with each application lasting 30 minutes to meet the nutrient requirements for fruit enlargement. During the fruit ripening period, nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced, and a high phosphorus and high potassium ratio is adopted, applied every 13 days to promote fruit coloring and sweetness, and improve fruit firmness and market quality. In hilly cherry orchards, this segmented regulation method can adapt to the nutritional needs of different stages of flowering and fruiting, reducing problems such as excessive vegetative growth during flowering, flower and fruit drop, and insufficient nutrients during fruiting, leading to smaller and deformed fruits. While maintaining uniform tree growth, it improves the uniformity of fruit setting and fruit quality.

[0048] This segmented nutrient regulation method improves upon the traditional extensive nutrient supply model of a single water and fertilizer ratio during the flowering and fruiting period. It adapts to the nutritional differences at different stages of reproductive growth, achieving phased and targeted replenishment. It alleviates problems such as poor flower bud differentiation quality, excessive flower and fruit drop, and inconsistent fruit quality associated with the traditional model. It promotes the synchronization and standardization of flower and fruit development, improves the uniformity of fruit setting and the marketable fruit rate throughout the orchard, and increases orchard production efficiency. By connecting with the refined orchard establishment and management techniques of the early stages, it transforms the results of layout and environmental optimization into increased yield and quality, possessing significant value for technological improvement and industrial application.

[0049] After the fruit is harvested, post-harvest maintenance work is carried out. Soil fertility is restored and winter protection is carried out through field cleaning, mechanized fertilization and deep plowing, so as to maintain the long-term stable production conditions of the orchard.

[0050] In specific post-harvest maintenance, within 7 days after harvest, all dead branches, fallen fruit, weeds, and other waste in the orchard should be cleared to reduce overwintering carriers of pests and diseases and lower the base population of pests and diseases in the following year. A tracked trenching and fertilization machine should be used to dig trenches 35cm deep and 22cm wide in the center between rows, applying 2200kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre. After fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 18cm to bury the organic fertilizer in the root zone, replenishing soil organic matter and improving soil structure. In hilly citrus orchards planted year after year, this maintenance method can replenish soil fertility depleted during the season, balance soil fertility and aeration throughout the orchard, maintain a good growing environment, ensure efficient use of sunlight, water, and fertilizer resources in the following year, and stabilize annual growth and yield levels.

[0051] This post-harvest soil fertility conservation method optimizes the traditional extensive orchard sanitation and haphazard fertilization model, achieving standardized integrated operations of orchard sanitation, soil improvement, and fertilization. It effectively replenishes soil organic matter, improves soil compaction, enhances soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and maintains stable soil physical and chemical properties. It reduces overwintering pests and diseases, lowers the cost of plant protection and the probability of disease in the following year, stabilizes a uniform soil growth base throughout the orchard, and alleviates the problems of soil fertility decline, growth differentiation, and yield fluctuations caused by consecutive years of planting in hilly orchards. This provides technical support for standardized, large-scale, and sustainable orchard production.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." or "including..." does not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element. Additionally, in this document, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number.

[0053] The above description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to the embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting fruit trees, comprising the following steps: land preparation and soil improvement, seedling planting, growth period management, water and fertilizer supply, flower and fruit maintenance, and post-harvest management, characterized in that... In the land preparation and soil improvement step, the operating parameters of the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine are combined with micro-topography attitude perception data to coordinate and match soil tillage conditions and slope lighting conditions, and to coordinate and select planting point arrays; the planting method includes the following steps: S1. Orchard preparation and soil improvement: Tracked ditching and fertilization machines are used to carry out mechanized ditching, base fertilizer application, deep tillage and soil improvement operations in hilly planting areas, and planting point selection is completed simultaneously. S2. Seedling planting: Select healthy and disease-free fruit tree seedlings, and complete the planting, soil covering and compaction, and root watering operations at the marked planting points according to the standard plant spacing. S3. Growing season management: During the fruit tree growth cycle, complete the overall prevention and control of pests and diseases and field maintenance operations in the orchard through mechanized spraying equipment and field tillage machinery. S4. Water and fertilizer supply: The water and fertilizer integrated equipment equipped with intelligent control terminal is used to carry out quantitative and precise water and fertilizer replenishment to fruit trees according to the field environment and plant growth status. S5. Flowering and Fruiting Period Maintenance: During the flowering and fruiting stage of fruit trees, match the development rhythm of flowers and fruits, dynamically regulate water and fertilizer supply parameters, and complete the phased targeted nutrition regulation and maintenance work. S6. Post-harvest maintenance: After the fruit harvest, clean up the waste in the orchard and field, and complete the soil fertility restoration and plant overwintering protection through mechanized ditching, fertilization and deep plowing operations.

2. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine monitors the pressure fluctuation value of the ditching operation in real time during the inter-row operation. Using the constant range of operation pressure fluctuation as the criterion, the operation section with loose and uniform soil layer is selected as the candidate planting area of ​​the orchard.

3. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the tracked ditching and fertilizing machine collects the machine's attitude parameters in real time through onboard inertial sensors, restores the slope and aspect information of the garden's micro-topography, selects stable light-receiving sections based on slope orientation, and performs consistency matching constraints on the terrain attitude parameters of each candidate planting area to form a planting point array layout with uniform cultivation and light conditions.

4. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, when laying out the planting points in the stable light-receiving section, the micro-topography of the planting points between adjacent rows is adjusted to form a complementary and adaptable structure, so that the planting points in the whole garden form a staggered complementary light-receiving arrangement structure.

5. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, after completing the staggered complementary lighting arrangement, the slope and aspect parameters of each planting area are dynamically checked and calibrated based on the temporal attitude data of the machinery's movement. False adaptation areas corresponding to instantaneous attitude deviations are eliminated, and the sections with stable terrain attitude throughout the entire operation time are locked as the final planting point array areas.

6. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S1, based on the finally determined planting point area, the planting point location is traced and marked by associating the operation posture trajectory of the machinery. The precise calibration of the planting points in the whole garden is completed by using the terrain posture coordinates recorded by the inertial sensor as a reference.

7. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, select healthy fruit tree seedlings free from disease and place them at the designated planting points according to the preset standardized spacing. After planting, cover with soil, compact, and water thoroughly to settle the roots, thus completing the standardized planting operation of the seedlings.

8. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, a remote-controlled wind-driven spraying device is used to carry out wind-driven atomization full-coverage spraying of all plants in the orchard through remote wireless control, in conjunction with tracked field machinery to complete the mechanized cultivation and management of the orchard and the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases.

9. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the integrated water and fertilizer system is equipped with a water storage component, a fertilizer mixing component, a variable frequency fertilizer pump and a field drip irrigation network. The intelligent monitoring terminal collects field environment and plant growth parameters and matches the corresponding water and fertilizer ratio. Water and fertilizer are quantitatively delivered to the plant root area through the drip irrigation network.

10. The fruit tree planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, during the fruit tree flowering and fruiting growth stage, the water and fertilizer ratio parameters and supply of the integrated water and fertilizer system are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time development needs of the plant to complete the targeted nutrient regulation operation during the flowering and fruiting period.

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